Translation Stage Research Articles

58201 What does team science look like across the CTSA Consortium? A qualitative analysis of the Great CTSA Team Science Contest results

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This paper reveals the myriad techniques that CTSA hubs use to support, promote and expand team science including many ways to involve the community, students, scholars and other multidisciplinary scientists. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Great CTSA Team Science Contest (GTSC) was developed in the NCATS Workgroup on Institutional Readiness for Team Science to collect stories describing the many ways hubs were promoting and supporting team science across the CTSA consortium. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our qualitative data analysis examined the different designs from a high level - namely we categorized how many of the stories were competitions for pilot funding, training programs on team science competencies, communication skills training, workshops for educating community collaborators about research and/or training investigators about community-based research, advancing promotion and tenure for team science, etc. We discuss specific examples of different designs and who they were intended to benefit. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Launched in July 2018, the contest received 170 submissions from 45 unique CTSA hubs. Qualitative analysis addressed the following questions about team science: 1) Who or what group championed it? 2) Who benefitted or who were the intended recipients? 3) What was the desired outcome? (e.g. team science skills, communication skills, getting the community involved, fostering new collaborations, expanding capacity for team science, etc.) 4) What method(s) did they use? 5) What translational science stage was addressed? DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This analysis includes examples of team science research, resources or interventions including successful team dynamics and knowledge integration. This paper reveals the myriad techniques that CTSA hubs use to support, promote and expand team science including involving the community, students, scholars and other multidisciplinary scientists.

Measurements of dynamic surface changes by digital holography for in situ plasma erosion applications.

There are currently few viable diagnostic techniques for in situ measurement of plasma facing component erosion. Digital holography is intended to fill this gap. Progress on the development of single and dual CO2 laser digital holography diagnostics for in situ plasma facing component erosion is discussed. The dual laser mode's synthetic wavelength allows the measurable range to be expanded by a factor of ∼400 compared to single laser digital holography. This allows the diagnostic to measure surface height changes of up to 4.5 μm in single laser mode and up to 2 mm in dual laser mode. Results include ex situ measurements of plasma eroded targets and also dynamic measurements of nm and μm scale motion of a target mounted on a precision translation stage. Dynamic measurements have successfully been made with the system operating in both single and dual laser modes, from ∼50 nm to ∼4 μm in single laser mode and up to ∼400 μm in dual laser mode (limited only by the stage speed and camera acquisition duration). These results demonstrate the feasibility of using digital holography to characterize plasma facing component erosion dynamically, i.e., during plasma exposure. Results of proof-of-principle in situ digital holographic measurements of targets exposed to an electrothermal arc plasma source are presented.

FUNGSI DAN NILAI DALAM CERITA RAKYAT BENDE DAN POKAE PADA ETNIK TOLAKI MEKONGGA (Function and Value Contained in Bende and Pokae Folklores in Tolaki Mekongga Ethnic )

Folklore is an important source of regional cultural information as well as a cultural archive storing various data and information on regional culture. This study aims to analyze and to describe the functions and values ​​contained in the folklore of Tolaki Mekongga ethnic group in Wundulako District. This study uses a qualitative method. This research was conducted in Wundulako District, Kolaka Regency. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, and document and literature study. The data analysis is carried out by transcription and translation procedures or stages, followed by heuristic and hermeneutic reading, and then ended by identifying the part (variant) of the story having a socio-cultural function and a variant of the story containing cultural values ​​with appropriate interpretation. Based on the results of the research, in the folklore Bende (Benteng) and Pokae (the name of the spring) there are social functions and cultural values. The social functions contained in these stories are: as a media for delivering information, as a means of preserving the language / dialect of the Mekongga area, as a means of preserving Tolaki Mekongga culture, as a means of legitimizing power, and as a source of local history. Meanwhile, these cultural values ​​consist of three values: religious, social, and moral values.

A tactile resonance sensor for prostate cancer detection – evaluation on human prostate tissue

Prostate cancer surgery risks erectile problems and incontinence for the patient. An instrument for guiding surgeons to avoid nerve bundle damage and ensure complete cancer removal is desirable. We present a tactile resonance sensor made of PZT ceramics, mounted in a 3D motorized translation stage for scanning and measuring tissue stiffness for detecting cancer in human prostate. The sensor may be used during surgery for guidance, scanning the prostate surface for the presence of cancer, indicating migration of cancer cells into surrounding tissue. Ten fresh prostates, obtained from patients undergoing prostate cancer surgery, were cut into 0.5 cm thick slices. Each slice was measured for tissue stiffness at about 25 different sites and compared to histology for validation cancer prediction by stiffness. The statistical analysis was based on a total of 148 sites with non-cancer and 40 sites with cancer. Using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), the stiffness data predicted cancer with an area under the curve of 0.74, after correcting for overfitting using bootstrap validation. Mean prostate stiffness on the logarithmic scale (p = 0.015) and standardized Z-scores (p = 0.025) were both significant predictors of cancer. This study concludes that stiffness measured by the tactile resonance sensor is a significant predictor of prostate cancer with potential for future development towards a clinical instrument for surgical guidance.

Uncertainty Quantification for DIC Displacement Measurements in Industrial Environments

Background: most methods of uncertainty quantification for digital image correlation are orientated towards the research environment and it remains difficult to quantify all of the uncertainty introduced along the measurement chain in an industrial environment. This gap in capability can become critical when physical tests are required for certification purposes. Objective: To develop and demonstrate an uncertainty quantification method that was independent of a specific DIC system, easily integrated with the measurement workflow, applicable at the measurement location and capable of capturing the contributions from all sources of uncertainty. Methods: an elegant new method utilises the calibration target, commonly used with DIC systems to evaluate their intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, through reference measurements before and after relative motion between the measurement system and the object of interest. The method is described and demonstrated for quantifying the field of uncertainty associated with maps of displacement and deformation in a large-scale industrial component. Results: The fields of uncertainty associated with measurements, using stereoscopic DIC, of x-, y- and z- displacement components during a compression buckling test on an aircraft fuselage panel are presented. The derived uncertainty has independently been corroborated along one axis by moving a calibrated translation stage. Conclusions: A new method has been proposed that allows the quantification of the fields of uncertainty arising from all sources when DIC measurements are performed on a large-scale object of interest in an industrial environment. The method requires no additional equipment and can be readily included in the workflow of a measurement campaign.

Transfer of a levitating nanoparticle between optical tweezers

We demonstrate and characterize the transfer of a levitating silica nanosphere between two optical tweezers at low pressure. Both optical traps are mounted on the heads of optical fibers and placed on translation stages in vacuum chambers. Our setup allows us to physically separate the particle loading environment from the experimental chamber, where the second tweezer can position the particle inside a high finesse optical cavity. The separation prevents from spoiling the cavity mirrors and the chamber cleanliness during the particle loading phase. Our system provides a very reliable and simply reproducible protocol for preparing cavity optomechanics experiments with levitating nanoparticles, opening the way to systematic studies of quantum phenomena and easing the realization of sensing devices.

Instrument for in situ hard x-ray nanobeam characterization during epitaxial crystallization and materials transformations.

Solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) and other three-dimensional epitaxial crystallization processes pose challenging structural and chemical characterization problems. The concentration of defects, the spatial distribution of elastic strain, and the chemical state of ions each vary with nanoscale characteristic length scales and depend sensitively on the gas environment and elastic boundary conditions during growth. The lateral or three-dimensional propagation of crystalline interfaces in SPE has nanoscale or submicrometer characteristic distances during typical crystallization times. An in situ synchrotron hard x-ray instrument allows these features to be studied during deposition and crystallization using diffraction, resonant scattering, nanobeam and coherent diffraction imaging, and reflectivity. The instrument incorporates a compact deposition system allowing the use of short-working-distance x-ray focusing optics. Layers are deposited using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and evaporation sources. The deposition system provides control of the gas atmosphere and sample temperature. The sample is positioned using a stable mechanical design to minimize vibration and drift and employs precise translation stages to enable nanobeam experiments. Results of in situ x-ray characterization of the amorphous thin film deposition process for a SrTiO3/BaTiO3 multilayer illustrate implementation of this instrument.

Generating SQL Command Syntax Using MySQL Based on Typing Command Sentence

Information retrieval system is a system that is widely used to retrieve information. This research will discuss how the system finds back the information stored in database tables. Tables in the database are arranged to store all forms of data entered by database users so that later the stored data can be used again. Re-accessing the database's information must go through a mechanism known as a database management system (DBMS). One of the most widely used DBMS is MySQL. By using a DBMS, information and data can be manipulated according to user needs. Data manipulation in the database is done in a special language, namely SQL (Structure Query Language). Mastery of SQL commands is an obligation for database users so that the manipulated data can produce the required information. However, many database users still do not understand how the actual SQL command syntax manages and manipulates data into information. This is, of course, very risky if the solution is not immediately sought because it will hinder the process of retrieving information from the data stored in the database. For this problem to be resolved, it is necessary to design a system that can help database users translate their wishes into SQL command syntax. This paper will discuss how a command in Indonesian can be translated into SQL command syntax. The method used to solve this research problem is rule-based. There are two stages in the main process: the pre-processing stage, which consists of a word tokenization process, and a translation stage, including a keyword grouping process. This keyword grouping process consists of the keyword group analysis phase, table and column analysis, identification of SQL commands, and mapping of SQL commands. From all stages that have been passed and testing of 7 scenarios with ten (10) commands for each scenario, the accuracy is 81.42%. The inaccuracy in the testing process is more a problem of displaying data from two or more tables, for example, using the join table command. This problem can be addressed by adding new rules for the use of table joins.

Ultrafast intraband Auger process in self-doped colloidal quantum dots

Summary Investigating the separate dynamics of electrons and holes has been challenging, although it is critical for the fundamental understanding of semiconducting nanomaterials. n-Type self-doped colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with excess electrons occupying the low-lying state in the conduction band (CB) have attracted a great deal of attention because of not only their potential applications to infrared optoelectronics but also their intrinsic system that offers a platform for investigating electron dynamics without elusive contributions from holes in the valence band. Here, we show an unprecedented ultrafast intraband Auger process, electron relaxation between spin-orbit coupling states, and exciton-to-ligand vibrational energy transfer process that all occur exclusively in the CB of the self-doped β-HgS CQDs. The electron dynamics obtained by femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy will pave the way for further understanding of the blinking phenomenon, disproportionate charging in light-emitting diodes, and hot electron dynamics in higher quantum states coupled to surface states of CQDs.

Combined total internal reflection AF spectral-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for fast assessment of surgical margins during breast cancer surgery.

The standard treatment for breast cancer is surgical removal mainly through breast-conserving surgery (BCS). We developed a new technique based on auto-fluorescence (AF) spectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy for fast intraoperative assessment of excision margins in BCS. A new wide-field AF imaging unit based on total internal reflection (TIR) was combined with a Raman spectroscopy microscope equipped with a 785 nm laser. The wavelength of the AF excitation was optimized to 365 nm in order to maximize the discrimination of adipose tissue. This approach allows for the non-adipose regions of tissue, which are at a higher risk of containing a tumor, to be targeted more efficiently by the Raman spectroscopy measurements. The integrated TIR-AF-Raman was tested on small tissue samples as well as fresh wide local excisions, delivering the analysis of the entire cruciate surface of BCS specimens (5.1 × 7.6 cm2) in less than 45 minutes and also providing information regarding the location of the tumor in the specimen. Full automation of the instrument and selection of a faster translation stage would allow for the measurement of BCS specimens within an intraoperative time scale (20 minutes). This study demonstrates that the TIR-AF Raman microscope represents a feasible step towards the development of a technique for intraoperative assessment of large WLE within intraoperative timescales.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the EFFECT questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract: Introduction: Clinical teaching is based on a real work environment, in professional practice settings, such as health services and units, under the supervision of the preceptor. Providing medical teachers with an assessment of their teaching skills is a powerful tool for improving clinical learning for students in training. In this context, the EFFECT (Evaluation and Feedback for Effective Clinical Teaching) questionnaire was developed by Dutch researchers in 2012 for teacher evaluation, being validated based on the literature about medical teaching in the workplace and incorporates the skills of the Canadian competency-based medical curriculum. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt into Brazilian Portuguese and to validate the EFFECT questionnaire for teacher evaluation by Medical students. Method: Cross-cultural adaptation with the following steps: initial translation of the English version, synthesis of translated versions, back-translation, creation of a consensual version in Brazilian Portuguese, with adaptation, review, and analysis of content validity by an expert committee, pre-test with retrospective clarification interview, and reliability analysis by factorial analysis and internal consistency test (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient). Result: In the translation and back-translation stages, the disagreements were related to the use of synonyms and none of the items were modified in terms of their understanding, but in terms of adaptation into the Brazilian context. The evaluation of the expert committee showed the versions maintained the semantic and idiomatic equivalences of the content. Eighty-nine students participated in the pre-test. The internal consistency of the EFFECT questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese was excellent for all domains, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranging from 0.82 to 0.94. Conclusion: The translated and adapted version of the EFFECT questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese is equivalent to the original instrument and has evidence of high validity and reliability, being able to constitute a national tool to evaluate the efficiency of clinical medicine teaching.

National Institute of Mental Health Life Chart Method - Self/Prospective (NIMH-LCM-S/P™): translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese.

The objective of this study was to translate and adapt the National Institute of Mental Health Life Chart Method - Self/Prospective (NIMH-LCM-S/P™) instrument for self-monitoring of mood into Brazilian Portuguese and provide evidence of content validity. Additionally, a user guide was prepared for the instrument and evaluated by mental health professionals. The study was divided into two stages - Stage 1: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation and Stage 2: Determination of content validity index (CVI) scores. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process involved 37 participants between translators, experts, target population, and evaluators. The CVI was evaluated by 15 mental health professionals. 11 (78.57%) of the items evaluated attained the maximum CVI score of 1.00, which constitutes the highest level of content validity, and no changes were suggested by participants. Only one of the items evaluated had a CVI score lower than 0.80. The final translated and adapted version of the NIMH-LCM-S/P™ and its user guide were evaluated by the target population and the mental health professionals. Both groups displayed satisfactory comprehension levels, suggesting there is potential for using this instrument in clinical practice to assess therapeutic interventions in Brazilian settings.

TRANSLATION AND TRANSCULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE PATIENT MEASURE OF SAFETY (PMOS) QUESTIONNAIRE TO BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE

ABSTRACT Objective to translate and culturally adapt the Patient Measure of Safety questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese. Method a transcultural adaptation study conducted in six stages: translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by experts committee, pre-test, and presentation of the documentation of the entire process to the authors of the instrument. Results in the initial translation and cultural adaptation stage, two versions of the questionnaire were generated. The divergences between both versions and other suggestions were discussed, and the decisions were made by consensus, thus creating a single version. In the back-translation stage, there were no significant differences between the versions and the original instrument. The assessment of the semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences of the Patient Measure of Safety items was performed by a committee of experts from different Brazilian regions. The results of the content validity index were above 0.9 for most of the items. The pre-test was conducted with 30 patients. The mean time for the application of the questionnaire was 31.9 minutes. In relation to the understanding of the items by the patients, a regular or poor interpretation was identified only for 6 of the 44 items, which were modified. Conclusion the “Questionário de Avaliação da Segurança pelo Paciente”, name given to the translated and transculturally adapted version, resulted from a thoughtful process, presenting consistency in the equivalence of the translation and constituting an applicable instrument understood by the target population.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the EFFECT questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract: Introduction: Clinical teaching is based on a real work environment, in professional practice settings, such as health services and units, under the supervision of the preceptor. Providing medical teachers with an assessment of their teaching skills is a powerful tool for improving clinical learning for students in training. In this context, the EFFECT (Evaluation and Feedback for Effective Clinical Teaching) questionnaire was developed by Dutch researchers in 2012 for teacher evaluation, being validated based on the literature about medical teaching in the workplace and incorporates the skills of the Canadian competency-based medical curriculum. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt into Brazilian Portuguese and to validate the EFFECT questionnaire for teacher evaluation by Medical students. Method: Cross-cultural adaptation with the following steps: initial translation of the English version, synthesis of translated versions, back-translation, creation of a consensual version in Brazilian Portuguese, with adaptation, review, and analysis of content validity by an expert committee, pre-test with retrospective clarification interview, and reliability analysis by factorial analysis and internal consistency test (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient). Result: In the translation and back-translation stages, the disagreements were related to the use of synonyms and none of the items were modified in terms of their understanding, but in terms of adaptation into the Brazilian context. The evaluation of the expert committee showed the versions maintained the semantic and idiomatic equivalences of the content. Eighty-nine students participated in the pre-test. The internal consistency of the EFFECT questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese was excellent for all domains, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranging from 0.82 to 0.94. Conclusion: The translated and adapted version of the EFFECT questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese is equivalent to the original instrument and has evidence of high validity and reliability, being able to constitute a national tool to evaluate the efficiency of clinical medicine teaching.

Controllable generation of large-scale highly regular gratings on Si films

The application of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface texturing has significant potential in medicine, optics, tribology, and biology, among other areas. However, when irradiated by a large intense laser spot, the periodic structures usually exhibit an uncontrollable regularity, forming bifurcated patterns, thus limiting their widespread application. Irregularity originates from numerous independent branching seeds. The usual solution to this problem is to utilize the quasi-direct laser writing technique, that is, by limiting the laser beam size (diameter of <10 wavelengths) and scanning the beam or samples using 2D translation stages. Herein, we demonstrate an optical localization-induced nonlinear competition mechanism to solve this problem, which occurs at a fluence nearly one order of magnitude below the ablation threshold. Owing to the low intrinsic absorption of silicon and ultralow applied fluence, this mechanism ensures the self-selection of a single seed to initiate an array of bifurcated-free gratings under stationary irradiation with a large laser spot (diameter >100 wavelengths). Surprisingly, some unconventional complex patterns, such as radial, annular, and spiral gratings, can also be easily produced by structured light fields with unprecedented regularity. Their diameters reach up to >500 μm. Moreover, we can artificially control the initial seeding structure to further improve the regularity of the gratings, defined by dispersion in the ripple orientation angle in their 2D Fourier transform. As a result, the regularity in our experiments produced by a large laser spot is even higher than that scanned by a tiny beam. Controllable and highly regular ripples are beneficial to the structural coloring effects because they arise from the light diffraction by subwavelength gratings.

High homogeneity permanent magnet for diamond magnetometry

Halbach magnets are a source of homogeneous magnetic field in an enclosed volume while keeping stray fields at a minimum. Here, we present the design, construction, and characterization for a stack of two Halbach rings with 10 cm inner diameter providing a homogeneous (<100 ppm over 1.0×1.0×0.5cm3) magnetic field of around 105 mT, which will be used for a diamond based microwave-free widefield imaging setup. The final characterization is performed with a novel fiberized diamond-based sensor on a 3D translation stage documenting the high homogeneity of the constructed Halbach array and its suitability for the proposed use.

A new displacement demodulation algorithm for the phase-modulated self-mixing interferometer based on FPGA

Abstract This paper introduces a design of the phase demodulation system based on FPGA for the phase-modulated self-mixing interferometer. By the processing that the modulation SIN signal and the doubling frequency modulation COS signal are respectively multiplied by the phase-modulated self-mixing signal(PSMI) and then low-pass filtered and shaped in the electrical domain, two orthogonal square wave signals sensitive to the object’s movement direction are obtained for displacement reconstruction. The FPGA signal processing system controls the generation of a highly stable and accurate sinusoidal signal source for the modulation of the electro-optic crystal(EOM). At the same time, the two orthogonal square wave signals obtained after the demodulation processing are subdivided for the high-precision measurement of a uniformly moving object’s displacement. The high-frequency amplifier circuit amplifying the self-mixing interference signal, multiplier & frequency doubler circuits based on MLT04 and low-pass filter circuits are designed. FPGA-based counting programs, DAC circuits and programs used for generating sine waves are also designed. In the experiment, comparison tests for displacement measurement are performed using the PI company’s two-dimensional precision electronically-controlled translation stage, and high-precision displacement measurement can be achieved. The demodulation system does not rely on a PC and a high-precision acquisition card, and can realize real-time measurement of displacement, greatly improving the practicability of the system.

Translation unit and quality of translation

AbstractThis research aims to study segmentation (i.e., translation unit (TU)) in students’ translations of cultural references and assess the translation quality, using Translog software and a translation task. This product and process-oriented research examines the same independent variable, that is, segmentation, from two angles, namely, student production and translation output. Ten female postgraduate students aged between 28 and 30 performed a computer-based translation task on cultural references. Their translations of English cultural references into Arabic revealed process and production problems (i.e., unsystematic management of translation stages, high mean TUs and time, low mean scores, and deviant translations). The study recommended student training in translation process and product management by employing innovation technological tools (e.g., Translog software and eye-tracking device). Moreover, presenting the cultural dimension should go beyond written translation materials and include audio and visual materials. Sound methodology of training should be adopted, one that draws upon the computational model of human translation, linguistic and cultural models, and models of translation quality assessment.

Edward R. Roybal Centers for Translational Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences of Aging

The goal of the Roybal Center program is the translation and integration of basic behavioral and social research findings into interventions to improve older people ‘s lives and the capacity of institutions to adapt to societal aging. Roybal Centers are structured within the conceptual framework of the multidirectional, translational NIH Stage Model to produce potent and implementable principle-driven behavioral interventions. The NIA’s Division of Behavioral and Social Research currently supports thirteen Roybal Centers, five of which have a primary focus on issues related to dementia care and caregiving support. Each Dementia Care Center has a unique focus that addresses issues such as social isolation, caregiving mastery, community-based resources and racial/ethnic minority health promotion. Additionally, a focus on the utilization of data science and behavioral economics related to palliative care, as well as a focus on the application of technology to improve assessments and interventions complete the scope of research endeavors.

Building National Capacity for Dementia Caregiving Research: The NIA Edward R. Roybal Centers

More than 5.8 million Americans are currently living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, and they are cared for by over 16 million people at an estimated annual cost of $290 billion. The need for innovative, evidence-based interventions to support these patients and caregivers is critical to addressing this problem. The goal of the NIA Edward R. Roybal Centers for Translational Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences of Aging is to translate and integrate basic behavioral and social research findings into interventions aimed at innovatively improving both the lives of older people and the capacity of institutions to adapt to societal aging. The Roybal Centers will develop research within the conceptual framework of the multidirectional and translational NIH Stage Model to produce these implementable, principle-driven behavioral interventions. The program has now funded new Centers, and each has a unique focus. Areas of concentration include promoting caregiving mastery (Emory University), integrating the use of technology in care support to improve assessments and interventions in care provision (Oregon Health & Science University), developing behavioral interventions to reduce isolation and promote social connectedness in caregivers (University of Rochester), promoting health in racial/ethnic minorities (University of Illinois at Chicago), and using insights from data science and behavioral economics to improve palliative care delivery and long-term support facilities for persons with dementia and their caregivers (University of Pennsylvania). Center leaders will present an overview of their cutting-edge, early-stage research projects and discuss implications for improving care of caregivers and patients.