Translational Approach Research Articles

Decoding Multilingual Topic Dynamics and Trend Identification through ARIMA Time Series Analysis on Social Networks: A Novel Data Translation Framework Enhanced by LDA/HDP Models

In this study, the authors present a novel methodology adept at decoding multilingual topic dynamics and identifying communication trends during crises. We focus on dialogues within Tunisian social networks during the coronavirus pandemic and other notable themes like sports and politics. We start by aggregating a varied multilingual corpus of comments relevant to these subjects. This dataset undergoes rigorous refinement during data preprocessing. We then introduce our No‐English‐to‐English Machine Translation approach to handle linguistic differences. Empirical tests of this method show high accuracy and F1 scores, highlighting its suitability for linguistically coherent tasks. Delving deeper, advanced modeling techniques, specifically LDA and HDP models, are employed to extract pertinent topics from the translated content. This leads to applying ARIMA time series analysis to decode evolving topic trends. Applying our method to a multilingual Tunisian dataset, we effectively identify key topics mirroring public sentiment. Such insights prove vital for organizations and governments striving to understand public perspectives during crises. Compared to standard approaches, our model outperforms, as confirmed by metrics like coherence score, U‐mass, and topic coherence. Additionally, an in‐depth assessment of the identified topics reveals notable thematic shifts in discussions, with the proposed trends’ identification indicating impressive accuracy, backed by RMSE‐based analysis.

Редакция Melabók «Книги о занятии земли»

This publication contains the text, a Russian translation and an introductory article of the least known of the three elder versions of the Old Icelandic historical work ‘The Book of Set-tlements’ (Landnámabók) – Melabók. It has been preserved as a fragment of less than two parchment leaves in quarto from the esrly 15th century (part of the codex AM 445b 4to). Photo-copies of the manuscript leaves are attached. After the translation of each of the 48 paragraphs of Melabók, tables are given with the original texts of the corresponding plac-es in the three elder versions (Melabók is quoted after AM 445b 4to, Sturlubók after AM 107 fol, Hauksbók after AM 105 fol) with the orthography of the manuscripts preserved. Since the text of the younger version Þórðarbók is closest to Melabók, its differences from Melabók are given in footnotes. This arrangement not only allows to see those places where the versions are closest and where they diverge radically, but also to more clearly show the features of Melabók, as well as the size and most likely boundaries of the lacunae in it. Many scholars have considered Melabók to be closest to the proto-redaction of Landnámabók and the hypo-thetical text by Ári inn fróði Þórgilsson. The present publication shows doubtfulness of this assertion. The appendix contains a commented translation of Snorra goða ættartál, the text that immediately precedes Melabók in AM 445b 4to. Snorra goða ættartál has also never been translated into Russian.

Specification as a Translation Approach in the English Translation of the Sarajevo Marlboro Stories Collection by Miljenko Jergović

Translating work by authors who were forced to leave their original cultural context, which provided them with a unique position of viewing their own, but also other identities – now has a new, more interesting function. Translation thus does not only search for a common space for universal recognition and understanding based on common experiences but rather communicates differences and specific local qualities as opposed to the global context. In the English translation of the collection of stories by Miljenko Jergović, Sarajevo Marlboro, a book about the lives of common people from Sarajevo before and during the siege in the nineties, a translator is in a different relation toward the readers, due to the very need to use a translation for communication. In this process, the specification can be seen as not only a translation technique but a strategy for explicitation and explanation of Bosnian & Herzegovinian cultural elements, especially those which are invisible, under the surface of the text, coded in our cultural identities. This paper analyses the translation of cultural elements of Bosnian identity, and the techniques used in their translation.

Significance of Discourse Markers in Sport Translation

This study addresses the topic of discourse markers (hence after DMs), which serve various functions in connecting different parts of discourse. These markers play a role in indicating shifts, linking ideas, expressing attitudes, changing topics, initiating and concluding conversations.
 The significance of DMs arises from their pragmatic functions, which go beyond literal meanings. The objective of this study is to shed light on the functions of these markers in both English and Arabic, and elucidating how English DMs are translated into Arabic.
 To verify these objectives, the study proposes several hypotheses: First, there are no significant differences in the use of DMs for pragmatic purposes between English and Arabic. Second, these functions can be translated into Arabic. Third, DMs are oriented towards communication, relying more on their functions than their literal meanings, thus favoring a communicative-based translation approach.
 To achieve the aforementioned aims and test the hypotheses, the study selects three texts from English sports written discourse, sourced from the CNN website. These texts are then translated by ten M.A. students. The translations are analyzed to examine how the students render the DMs into Arabic.

Research on English Translation of Movie Subtitles - Based on the Analysis of the Movie “Mulan”

The English translation of movie subtitles is vital for cross-cultural communication in films. Analyzing the translation of the movie "Mulan" allows for an understanding of the challenges faced in conveying cultural elements, character traits, and plot nuances. This research explores effective translation strategies and techniques, considering factors like humor, slang, and language styles. Evaluating audience feedback further enhances subtitle quality. By focusing on "Mulan," this study aims to improve the accuracy, readability, and naturalness of English movie subtitle translations. This study is based on the film "Mulan" and explores the English translation of film subtitles. Firstly, the background and content of the film are introduced to provide the context for the research. Subsequently, the study focuses on translation strategies for film subtitles and the societal issues present within them, such as gender inequality and stereotyping of women. By analyzing examples of direct translation, adaptation, and subtitles that showcase gender inequality, the challenges and solutions in the translation process are revealed. Based on this analysis, some translation approaches are proposed with the aim of conveying the theme of gender inequality in the film more effectively and reducing the emphasis on female stereotypes. Through the analysis and discussion of this study, theoretical and practical guidance is provided for film subtitle translation and serves as a reference for translating films that address societal issues.

Approaches of News Translation and Its Teaching Guidance – Taking the Translation Practice of the Economist as an Example

With the advancement of science and technology, news is more and more closely related to human daily life. At the moment when news constantly breaks the communication barrier, news translation has also received more attention. This paper selects news from The Economist for translation practice, analyzes the language characteristics of news translation, and summarizes translation strategies. As an information text, news translation has dual attributes of functionality and literariness. Translators need to make cultural compensation when translating, and use translation techniques such as voice shifting, four-character structure, and amplification to fully convey the information and style of news texts.

Examining Individualized Participatory Approaches to Care for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Background: Patient-centred care plans (PCPs) have been identified as a favourable upstream intervention for community-care populations to improve client outcomes, client and provider experiences, and reduce costly and preventable health service utilization; however, there is limited evidence on implemented approaches.
 Aim: Our study aims to address this gap by exploring individualized participatory approaches to care planning as a means to improving health and social care. We intend to understand the key components and impacts of the approach utilized by a community-care organization including the types, features, and factors that support or hinder the use of participatory approaches for developing PCPs.
 Methods: Our study utilizes an integrated knowledge translation approach (iKT) and as such involves a collaboration between the knowledge users, PHSS, a provincial community-care organization based out of London, Ontario, Canada, and a Western University research team. Members of PHSS and Western University were involved in all aspects of the research design, starting from developing the research question, creating the interview guide, and recruiting participants. Research team members will be actively involved in the analysis of findings and knowledge dissemination. Using a convergent parallel design, we are conducting a mixed-methods study consisting of two parts: 1) qualitative interviews (n=11) with PHSS staff, and 2) a scoping review. The scoping review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for scoping reviews.
 Results: The study is currently ongoing. For the qualitative interviews, we anticipate that the organization’s culture (including their mission and values) and implemented practices that allow for flexibility and adaptability, alongside large support from upper management are important factors that support the utilization of PCPs. It is expected that the benefits of PCPs for persons-supported and their families are inclusivity and the opportunity to lead a full and meaningful life. Moreover, it is expected that PCPs provide motivation for staff to plan and implement the preferences and activities outlined in a PCP. For the scoping review, based on a preliminary search we ran on the MEDLINE (OVID) database, we anticipate finding a small body of evidence that is relevant to our aim. We expect that the literature will demonstrate diversity in the definition of PCPs, community-care services, and implemented practices that are considered person-centred, and participatory. As such, we anticipate that the findings from our scoping review will provide a wide range of data in identifying types and features of PCPs. Implications: The outcomes of this research project will be utilized to inform PHSS and support the spread of their participatory, person-centred approach to care. The findings will also encourage professionals of an international audience to implement PCP practices for similar vulnerable populations.
 Next Steps: We believe that this project will demonstrate the link between PCPs and improved standards of care and health equity for community-care clients. As we anticipate a wide variety in many aspects of PCPs in community-care services, future research can focus on developing a framework for PCPs to standardize the patient-centred practices to improve health and social care for community-care clients.

Spontaneous Scaling of a Primary Care Innovation in Real-Life Conditions: Protocol for a Case Study.

Scaling effective primary care innovations to benefit more people is of interest to decision makers. However, we know little about how promising innovations are being scaled "spontaneously," that is, without deliberate guidance. We aim to observe, document, and analyze how, in real-life conditions, 1 primary care innovation spontaneously scales up across Quebec, Canada. We will conduct a participative study using a descriptive single-case study. It will be guided by the McLean and Gargani principles for scaling and reported according to the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) guidelines. Informed by an integrated knowledge translation approach, our steering committee will include patient users throughout the project. Inspired by the Quebec College of Family Physician's "Dragons' Den" primary care program, we will identify a promising primary care innovation that is being or will be scaled spontaneously. We will interview the innovation team about their scaling experiences every month for 1 year. We will conduct interviews and focus groups with decision makers, health care providers, and end users in the innovation team and the target site about their experience of both scaling and receiving the scaled innovation and document meetings as nonparticipant observers. Interview transcripts and documentary data will be analyzed to (1) compare the spontaneous scaling plan and implementation with the McLean and Gargani principles for scaling and (2) determine how it was consistent with or diverged from the 4 McLean and Gargani guiding principles: justification, optimal scale, coordination, and dynamic evaluation. This study was funded in March 2020 by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Recruitment began in November 2023 and data collection began in December 2023. Results are expected to be published in the first quarter of 2024. Our study will advance the science of scaling by providing practical evidence-based material about scaling health and social care innovations in real-world settings using the 4 guiding principles of McLean and Gargani. PRR1-10.2196/54855.

Primary Care Physician Engagement in Integrated Health System Transformation: A Case Study 

Background: Primary care physician (PCP) engagement is essential in enhancing health system performance, efficacy and collaboration, however; limited research exists in terms of how PCPs are engaged in health system reform. 
 Aims & Methods: Ontario is undergoing a healthcare transformation with the introduction of Ontario Health Teams (OHTs). OHTs provide a new way of organizing and delivering care that is more connected to patients in their local communities. In response to the need for a coordinated sector approach, a group of PCPs in Southwestern Ontario formed a primary care organization: London-Middlesex Primary Care Alliance (LMPCA). This grassroots organization aims to support unified PCP engagement within the health system reform. The aim of our study is to explore the development of the grassroots LMPCA organization and understand how physicians are engaged within the regional health system. The first phase of our study consisted of a literature review which identified that PCP engagement is critical to the success of OHTs. 
 Using an integrated knowledge translation approach (i.e.: in collaboration with members of the LMPCA and Middlesex-London OHT), the second phase of our study involves a case study to explore the development of a regional primary care organization and physician engagement. We will use key informant interviews with physicians, nurse practitioners (NPs) and health care administrators to explore the LMPCA development and understand PCP engagement. The objectives of the overall study are to 1) plot key junctures in the development of the regional organization, 2) explore PCP engagement at local and regional levels and 3) discuss the barriers and facilitators to PCP engagement.
 Results: Despite PCP engagement being recognized as an important aspect of health systems integration, several barriers exist: ineffective communication within organizations, administrative and legal hurdles, remuneration and reimbursement and other local contextual factors. Results from our literature review indicate that greater levels of PCP engagement can lead to improved primary care performance and efficacy. Engagement in primary care settings has been facilitated both top-down and bottom-up; however, empirical evidence on bottom-up approaches is limited. Three over-arching themes were evident: lack of physician voice, insufficient renumeration, and unsuitable strategies. 
 We anticipate that results of our interviews can provide recommendations to increase physician voice, compensate appropriately, suggest alternative strategies for PCP engagement and gain physician buy-in. Moreover, we expect our results to help shape the LMPCA and the Middlesex-London OHT with their physician engagement efforts within the region. 
 Implications: Findings of our study will benefit researchers, PCPs, NPs, and health care administrators by highlighting barriers and recommendations to support and improve physician engagement efforts. The findings may encourage the international audience to use similar PCP engagement strategies within their organization. 
 Next Steps: We will provide a rich narrative of the development of a grassroots primary care organization as well as an empirical example of PCP engagement in health system reform. We anticipate our results will describe effective strategies for engaging physicians and by extension, provide recommendations to improve organizational efficacy and patient care.

A Framework to Support the Progressive Implementation of Integrated Team-Based Care for the Management of COPD: A Collective Case Study

Background: In Canada, there is consensus about the need for integrated, team-based care in primary care settings to help manage chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Currently, there is limited understanding on how to support the continued growth and spread of such models; this is coupled with the fact that there is limited empirical evidence to support this process within chronic disease management. There is a need to understand how to support the implementation and spread of integrated, team-based chronic disease management programs in primary care settings, a process that we call progressive implementation.
 Methods: We studied the supporting and mitigating factors required to successfully implement and spread an integrated, team-based program for COPD management in primary care. We conducted a collective case study using an integrated knowledge translation approach involving key informants and our patient partner throughout the entire research process. Data collection included interviews, living documents, and a focus group. Our study explored an integrated, team-based model of care for COPD known as Best Care COPD (BCC). The BCC program has been implemented in primary care settings across Southwestern Ontario. BCC is a quality improvement initiative that was developed to enhance the quality of care for patients with COPD. Participants in our research included healthcare providers involved in the delivery of the BCC program.
 Results: We identified mechanisms influencing the spread of BCC and categorized them as foundational (evidence-based program, readiness to implement and a peer-led implementation team), transformative (adaptive process, provider empowerment and embedded evaluation), and enabling mechanisms (provider training, administrative support, role clarity, and patient outcomes) across three different implementation phases. We developed a framework to inform the progressive implementation of integrated, team-based care for chronic disease management within primary care settings.
 Conclusions: This study explores the implementation and spread of an integrated team-based COPD management program in primary care settings. Despite using COPD management program in Ontario, Canada as an exemplar, we believe the findings can be applied in other chronic disease contexts in primary care settings around the world. We provide a framework to support progressive implementation of integrated team-based care for chronic diseases with the potential to support patients and providers by understanding how to facilitate the continued growth of appropriate models of care. 
 Next Steps: The rapidly increasing prevalence of chronic diseases emphasizes the need to understand how to spread and sustain appropriate models of care to better support patients and providers. The next phase of this study will seek to understand how to support the sustainability of integrated, team-based chronic disease management programs in a primary care setting.
 Information on Financial Support: This study has received financial support from the Asthma Research Group Inc. and Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

A review of existing Machine Translation Approaches, their Challenges and Evaluation Metrics

Machine translation is the process of translating a natural language into another. The primary goal of machine translation is to bridge the linguistic gap between languages. A significant job that may be utilized is to extract information from texts written in different languages through machine translation (MT). Due to the remarkable developments in Machine Translation over the past several years, we have entered the era of Neural Machine Translation (NMT). A review of MT is essential for better understanding of MT in the domain of Natural Language Processing. This paper focuses on Statistical, Corpus, Example, Rule based, Transfer based, direct based and Nural Machine Translation approach, their challenges, and existing evaluation metrics such as BLEU score and Human evaluation metrics.

Османский документ о деятельности Бурундук-хана в начале XVI века

The article publishes for the first time a commented translation from the Ottoman into Russian of a unique historical document from the archives of the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul: a short report presented to the court of the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul no earlier than December 1510. The document was prepared by officials at the court of Sultan Bayezid II (1481–1512) based on reports from travelers who arrived in the Ottoman Empire from Central Asia. The document indicates the early interest of the Ottoman rulers in political events in Central Asia. According to the Ottoman officials, the Qazaq Khan Burunduq and Moghul Khan Mansur conveyed a message to Muhammad Shaybani Khan, requesting vengeance against the Shia Qizilbash for the destruction of Sunni shrines in Khorasan. The battle of Timur Khan, the son of Muhammad Shaybani Khan, with Burunduq Khan and Timur Khan’s defeat are also mentioned in the document. The same source provides important data on attempts to create an anti-Safavid coalition of the Uzbeks and Qazaqs. All this information complements previously known data from Turkic-Persian sources from the 16th century

The Role of Actors in Blockchain Adoption Decisions – An Innovation Translation Perspective

An overview of challenges around blockchain adoption has revealed that there is little understanding of the process of blockchain adoption decisions, including who needs to be involved and consulted at various stages. When systems are designed to intentionally protect privacy or to obscure actors, such as blockchain platforms, it can be challenging to identify them and to understand their roles. To do this we used an Innovation Translation approach from Actor-Network Theory (Latour, 2007) which looks at the roles of both human and non-human actors. To understand the interactions among the actors involved, multiple rounds of interviews were conducted with Blockchain experts, utilising the qualitative Delphi method. The findings of this study propose a framework that provides insight into the decision-process by exploring the actors involved and their roles as they implement strategies to adopt blockchain and to convince other actors. The outcomes will assist blockchain practitioners and researchers to have an understanding of pre-adoption decisions and stakeholder involvement. Organisations considering implementing blockchain will benefit from this research as they will know where to start, who to engage, and which stakeholders are needed during the decision-making process.

The Hymnography of the Middle Byzantine Ecclesiastic Rite & Its Festal Theology: Introduction—Edition & Translation—Commentary By Gregory Tucker

The Hymnography of the Middle Byzantine Ecclesiastic Rite & Its Festal Theology: Introduction—Edition & Translation—Commentary By Gregory Tucker

CLINICAL ASPECTS IN TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH ON GASTRIC TUMORIGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TREATMENTS

This brief communication presented a dissertation of PhD thesis on translational research using state-of-the-art methods of multi-disciplinary integrations between basic and clinical research and between dry- (computational) and wet- (experimental and clinical) investigations. The findings showed possible causal association between neural innervation and tumorigenesis of gastric cancer via Wnt signaling and metabolic reprogramming within the tumor microenvironment. Accordingly, selective vagotomy, Botulinum neurotoxin type A (injection into the tumor areas), RAD001 (also known as Everolimus), CPI-613 (devimistat) and ivermectin were found to be potential for treatment of gastric cancer. The assessment showed that this translational research approach guaranteed the efficient development of novel knowledge in fundamental medical sciences, and that the identification of the role of vagal innervation and the possibilities of its modulation during gastric tumorigenesis represented valuable contributions to the fields of gastroenterology and cancer research. Possible roles of angiogenesis vs neurogenesis and brain-gut axis would be worth exploring in further research.

GENETIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOD PRESSURE PHENOTYPES IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract African Americans (AAs) suffer from higher rates of uncontrolled HTN even when receiving commonly prescribed classes of antihypertensive medications. Variation in blood pressure (BP) in older adults is known to be associated with a variety of cardiovascular endpoints, yet our understanding of underlying mechanisms is limited. This study aimed to determine if HTN genetic variants influence blood pressure variation within a population of AA older adults taking antihypertensives. Community-dwelling older adults from the Translational Approaches to Personalized Health (TAPH) cohort were recruited to enroll in a 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) phenotyping study. The Quant Studio 12-K Flex system was used for genotyping participants for three previously established CACNA1C and CACNB2 genetic risk alleles (rs758173, rs2228645, and rs2357790). 69 participants had ABPM data that passed the minimum 80% successful readings threshold: age=68□6, Female=50.3%, Black=73%, White=21%, and Other=6%. ABPM revealed 50.7% controlled HTN, 27.5% Sustained uncontrolled HTN, 14.5 % White coat uncontrolled HTN and 7.2% Masked uncontrolled HTN. ANOVA and Linear regression models found that the CACNB2 genetic risk allele rs2228645 broadly impacts ABPM Phenotypes (C/C SBP= 120.8+/-12.9 mmHg, C/T SBP= 125.73+/-13.5, and T/T SBP= 140+/-34.8 mmHg, p=0.011), mean awake 24-hour SBP (C/C SBP= 124+/-12.7 mmHg, C/T SBP= 133.5+/-14.8, and T/T SBP= 143.7+/-25.6 mmHg, p=0.012), and mean sleep SBP (C/C SBP= 114+/-16 mmHg, C/T SBP= 125.4+/-15, and T/T SBP= 136+/-50 mmHg, p=0.024). CACNA1C and CACNB2 genetic variants influence blood pressure phenotypes in older AAs. Determining genetic variants that affect antihypertensive effectiveness could lead to improved antihypertensive therapy for individuals with HTN/CVD.

Translational PK-PD/TD modeling of antitumor effects and peripheral neuropathy in gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy from xenograft mice to patients for optimal dose and schedule.

Gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (GnP) treatment, the standard first-line chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer, often causes peripheral neuropathy (PN). To develop alternative dosing strategies to avoid severe PN, understanding the relationship between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics/toxicodynamics (PD/TD) is necessary. We established a PK-PD/TD model of GnP treatment to develop an optimal dose schedule. A mouse xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer was generated to measure drug concentrations in the plasma and tumor, antitumor effects, and PN after GnP treatment. The Simeoni tumor growth inhibition model with tumor concentrations and empirical indirect response models were used for the PD and TD models, respectively. Clinical outcomes were predicted with reported population estimates of PK parameters in cancer patients. The PK-PD/TD model simultaneously described the observed tumor volume and paw withdrawal frequency in the von Frey test. For the standard GnP regimen, the model predicted clinical overall response (75.1%), which was overestimated compared to that in a recent phase II study (42.1%) but lower than the observed disease control rate (96.5%). Model simulation showed that dose reduction to less than 40% GnP dose was not effective; a change of dose schedule from every week for 3weeks to every 2weeks was a more favorable approach than dose reduction to 60% every week. The PK-PD/TD model-based translational approach provides a guide for optimal dose determination to avoid severe PN while maintaining antitumor effects during GnP chemotherapy. Further research is needed to enhance its applicability and potential for combination chemotherapy regimens.

Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes.

Social stress is a major cause of the development of mental disorders. To enhance the translational value of preclinical studies, social stress experience and its behavioral impact on mice should be comparable to humans. Chronic social defeat (CSD) utilizes a type of social stress involving physical attacks and sensory threats to induce mental dysfunctions resembling human affective disorders. To strengthen the psychosocial component of CSD, a 10-day CSD protocol was applied in which daily physical attacks are standardized to three 10 s episodes followed by a 24 h sensory phase. After the 10th sensory phase, the CSD protocol is followed by a refined behavioral assay called the social threat-safety test (STST). Post-stress behavioral assays need to determine how and to what extent the social stressor has influenced behavior. The STST allows chronically socially defeated male mice to interact with 2 novel male individuals (social targets): one social target from the attacking strain encountered during the CSD days and the other from a novel strain. Both are presented simultaneously in different compartments of a three-chambered test arena. The test enables a simultaneous assessment of social avoidance development to measure successful aversive conditioned learning and social threat-safety discrimination ability. The development of social avoidance towards both strains reflects a generalized aversive response and thus, a measurement of stress susceptibility. Meanwhile, the development of social avoidance towards only the attacking strain reflects threat-safety discrimination and thus, a measurement of stress resilience. Finally, the absence of social avoidance towards the attacking strain reflects impaired aversive conditioned learning. The protocol aims to refine the currently used mouse models of stress susceptibility/resilience by including translational criteria, specifically threat-safety discrimination and aversive response generalization, to categorize a single group of chronically socially defeated animals into resilient and susceptible subgroups, eventually advancing future translational approaches.

Psilocybin-induced default mode network hypoconnectivity is blunted in alcohol-dependent rats

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) adversely affects the lives of millions of people, but still lacks effective treatment options. Recent advancements in psychedelic research suggest psilocybin to be potentially efficacious for AUD. However, major knowledge gaps remain regarding (1) psilocybin’s general mode of action and (2) AUD-specific alterations of responsivity to psilocybin treatment in the brain that are crucial for treatment development. Here, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover pharmaco-fMRI study on psilocybin effects using a translational approach with healthy rats and a rat model of alcohol relapse. Psilocybin effects were quantified with resting-state functional connectivity using data-driven whole-brain global brain connectivity, network-based statistics, graph theory, hypothesis-driven Default Mode Network (DMN)-specific connectivity, and entropy analyses. Results demonstrate that psilocybin induced an acute wide-spread decrease in different functional connectivity domains together with a distinct increase of connectivity between serotonergic core regions and cortical areas. We could further provide translational evidence for psilocybin-induced DMN hypoconnectivity reported in humans. Psilocybin showed an AUD-specific blunting of DMN hypoconnectivity, which strongly correlated to the alcohol relapse intensity and was mainly driven by medial prefrontal regions. In conclusion, our results provide translational validity for acute psilocybin-induced neural effects in the rodent brain. Furthermore, alcohol relapse severity was negatively correlated with neural responsivity to psilocybin treatment. Our data suggest that a clinical standard dose of psilocybin may not be sufficient to treat severe AUD cases; a finding that should be considered for future clinical trials.

МОИСТСКОЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К ВОЙНЕ: ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К ПЕРЕВОДУ

Chapters 17–19 of the Mozi are among the earliest philosophical texts – not only in the Chinese tradition, but in world philosophy as well – concerning the ethics of war and the theory of just war. Their text is of paramount importance for the study of ancient Chinese ethical and political thought. The article serves as a foreword to the publication of their first complete and commented translation from the ancient Chinese into Russian. For the first time in Russian sinology, the author presents a critical edition of their original text. The article, which precedes the translation, analyzes the dating, purposes of writing, textual characteristics, composition and content of these chapters.