Transgenic Cultivars Research Articles

Chromium (VI) uptake and tolerance potential in cotton cultivars: effect on their root physiology, ultramorphology, and oxidative metabolism.

Chromium (Cr) is present in our environment as a toxic pollutant, which needs to be removed using phytoremediation technology. In present study, two transgenic cotton cultivars (J208, Z905) and their hybrid line (ZD14) were used to explore their Cr uptake and tolerance potential using multiple biomarkers approach. Four different levels of Cr (CK, 10, 50, and 100 μM) were applied. Cr caused a significant reduction in root/shoot length, number of secondary roots, and root fresh and dry biomasses at 100 μM. Cr accumulated more in roots and was found higher in hybrid line (ZD14) as compared with its parent lines (J208, Z905) at all Cr stress levels (10, 50, and 100 μM). Cr translocation was less than 1 in all cultivars. Ultrastructural studies at 100 μM Cr showed an increase in number of nuclei and vacuoles and presence of Cr dense granules in dead parts of the cell (vacuoles/cell wall). Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) as a whole were upregulated with elevated levels of Cr. Higher Cr uptake by roots, accelerated metabolism, and Cr sequestration in dead parts of the cell indicate that these cotton cultivars can be useful for Cr accumulation and tolerance.

EVALUATION OF TRANSGENIC POTATO LINES RESISTANCE TO POTATO TUBER MOTH, Phthorimaea operculella (ZELLER)

The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is the major destructive insect of potato. The larvae attack foliage and tubers in the field and in storage as well. Over the past years, there was a tremendous effort to produce transgenic potato cultivar that is resistant to the larval infestation of potato tuber moth. ‘Spunta’ potato cultivar was previously transformed with Bt-cry5 gene under 35S promoter construct. Three transgenic ‘Spunta’ lines, ‘Spunta G2’, ‘Spunta G3’ and ‘Spunta 6a-3’, were selected for their high resistance to PTM attack. After 14 years of storage, these three lines are subjected to in vitro micropropagation, tuberization and reevaluation. Both PCR and RT-PCR confirmed the presence of cry5 gene within ‘Spunta’ genome and its expression within potato plant tissues. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis revealed that the percentage of polymorphism among the three lines and non-transgenic ranged from 0% to 10.6%. Two lines ‘Spunta G3’ and ‘Spunta 6a-3’ were selected for field agronomical performances as steps for environmental safety as well as PTM challenge. Both lines are highly resistant to PTM compared to the control, only 3% of the yield shows susceptibility to larval penetration of the tubers.

Field performance of transgenic sugarcane produced using Agrobacterium and biolistics methods

Future genetic improvement of sugarcane depends, in part, on the ability to produce high-yielding transgenic cultivars with improved traits such as herbicide and insect resistance. Here, transgenic sugarcane plants generated by different transformation methods were assessed for field performance over 3years. Agrobacterium-mediated (Agro) transgenic events (35) were produced using four different Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, while biolistic (Biol) transgenic events (48) were produced using either minimal linearized DNA (LDNA) transgene cassettes with 5', 3' or blunt ends or whole circular plasmid (PDNA) vectors containing the same transgenes. A combined analysis showed a reduction in growth and cane yield in Biol, Agro as well as untransformed tissue culture (TC) events, compared with the parent clone (PC) Q117 (no transformation or tissue culture) in the plant, first ratoon and second ratoon crops. However, when individual events were analysed separately, yields of some transgenic events from both Agro and Biol were comparable to PC, suggesting that either transformation method can produce commercially suitable clones. Interestingly, a greater percentage of Biol transformants were similar to PC for growth and yield than Agro clones. Crop ratoonability and sugar yield components (Brix%, Pol%, and commercial cane sugar (CCS)) were unaffected by transformation or tissue culture. Transgene expression remained stable over different crop cycles and increased with plant maturity. Transgene copy number did not influence transgene expression, and both transformation methods produced low transgene copy number events. No consistent pattern of genetic changes was detected in the test population using three DNA fingerprinting techniques.

Population Dynamics of Thrips on Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Cultivars of Cotton

The present study was performed to evaluate the performance of Bt and Non-Bt cotton cultivars in response to population fluctuation of thrips in field under RCBD. On the numerical basis results revealed that transgenic cultivars were more susceptible to thrips infestation as compared to conventional genotypes. The pooled comparison of thrips/leaf on different tested cotton cultivars revealed highly significant variations. The results showed that the highest population was observed on IR-901 and FH-113 (3.11 and 3.14 thrips/leaf, respectively) followed by N-121 (2.79 thrips/leaf) and FH-154 (2.78 thrips/leaf). While low level of infestation was observed on CIM-496 and FH-941 (2.20 and 2.18 thrips/leaf, respectively) followed by FH-1000 (2.29 thrips/leaf), FH-207 (2.31 thrips/leaf) and FH-4243 (2.40 thrips/leaf). When data were statistically analyzed thrips population on Bt and non Bt cultivars revealed that Bt cotton cultivars had higher level of thrips population (3.8 thrips/leaf) compared to non Bt cultivars (2.7 thrips/leaf).

Differential physiological, ultramorphological and metabolic responses of cotton cultivars under cadmium stress

Cadmium (Cd) stress may cause serious physiological, ultramorphological and biochemical anomalies in plants. Cd-induced physiological, subcellular and metabolic alterations in two transgenic cotton cultivars (BR001, GK30) and their parent line (Coker 312) were evaluated using 10, 100 and 1000μM Cd. Germination, fresh biomass of roots, stems and leaves were significantly inhibited at 1000μM Cd. Root volume tolerance index significantly increased (124.16%) in Coker 312 at 1000μM Cd. In non-Cd stressed conditions, electron micrographs showed well-configured root meristem and leaf mesophyll cells. At 1000μM Cd, greater ultramorphological alterations were observed in BR001 followed by GK30 and Coker 312. These changes were observed in nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria and chloroplast. Dense precipitates, probably Cd, were seen in vacuoles, which were also attached to the cell walls. A considerable increase in number of nuclei, vacuoles, starch granules and plastoglobuli was observed in the electron micrographs of both roots and leaves at 1000μM Cd. MDA contents were higher in roots of BR001 at 1000μM Cd. Mean values of SOD activity in leaves of both BR001 and GK30 at 1000μM Cd significantly increased as compared to the controls. POD activity in roots of BR001 and Coker 312 was greater at all Cd (10, 100, 1000μM) levels over the control. Regarding APX, highest percent increase (71.64%) in roots of GK30 at 1000μM Cd was found. Non-significant differences in CAT activity were observed at all levels of Cd stress in leaves of BR001 and GK30. Both transgenic cotton cultivars and their parental line invariably responded towards Cd stress. However, Coker 312 showed Cd-resistant behavior as compared to its progeny lines (BR001 and GK30).

Flavonoids from the Grains of C1/R-S Transgenic Rice, the Transgenic Oryza sativa spp. japonica, and Their Radical Scavenging Activities

The transgenic rice cultivar of Oryza sativa spp. japonica cv. Hwa-Young, C1/R-S transgenic rice (C1/R-S rice), is a flavonoid-rich cultivar of rice. The grains of C1/R-S rice were extracted with aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O, successively. Repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica gel (ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies for the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions afforded four new flavonoids (compounds 2, 3, 7, and 8) along with four known flavonoids: (+)-3'-O-methyltaxifolin (1), brassicin (4), isorhamnetin-4'-O-β-D-glucosyranoside (5), and 3'-O-methyltaxifolin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6). The new flavonoids were identified as 3'-O-methyltaxifolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3'-O-methyltaxifolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), isorhamnetin-7-O-β-D-cellobioside (brassicin-4″-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) (7), and brassicin-4'-O-β-D-glucosyranoside (8) from the result of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Also, quantitative analysis of major flavonoids (compounds 2, 3, and 8) in C1/R-S rice, O. sativa spp. japonica cv. Hwa-Young (HY), and a hybrid of two cultivar (C1/R-S rice/HY) extracts was performed using HPLC experiment. The isolated flavonoids were evaluated for their radical-scavenging effect on DPPH and ABTS radicals.

제초제 저항성작물에서 잡초관리기술 동향 및 전망

This paper reviews current status of weed control practices in herbicide-resistant crops to examine weed management strategies in cope with cropping herbicide-resistant crops in the near future. Herbicide-resistant crops were rapidly adopted weed management technologies due to broad-spectrum weed control without crop injury. Transgenic glyphosate-resistant cultivars in soybean, corn, canola, and cotton were adopted to manage weeds at lower cost in a simplified weed management system. Dual stack crops with glyphosate and glufosinate resistance were developed to control glyphosate resistant weeds in corn, soybean and cotton. New multiple herbicide-resistant crops with resistance to glyphosate and glufosinate, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, synthetic auxin herbicides, 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors will expended the utility of existing herbicide technologies to manage the evolution of resistant weeds. However, herbicide resistant crops alone cannot solve weed problems and thus studies on diverse weed managements using an array of alternating herbicides of mode of action, mechanical, and cultural practices are needed for integrated weed management systems in the future.

Enhanced tolerance of transgenic potato plants expressing choline oxidase in chloroplasts against water stress.

BackgroundGlycinebetaine, whose biosynthesis could be catalyzed by choline oxidase (COD), is an extremely efficient compatible solute for scavenging oxidative stress-inducing molecules and protecting the photosynthetic system in plants. To study the effects of the codA transgene for choline oxidase on the drought resistance and recovery, a transgenic potato cultivar (SC) bearing codA gene and a non-transgenic (NT) control cultivar were raised in pots under moderate and severe drought stress. The experiment was constituted by a two-day-pretreatment with 20% PEG and a four-day-water stress combined with two-day-recovery treatment.ResultsUnder the four-day-water stress, plants were provided with normal water condition, 10% or 20% polyethylene glycol. The results of pretreatment showed an expression of codA gene in transgenic potato and an accumulation of glycine betaine (GB); leaf water potential was higher in SC than in NT. In the stress-recovery-treatment, SC showed stronger antioxidant ability, more efficient photosynthetic system, higher chlorophyll content, lower malondialdehyde content and better recovery from water deficit stress than NT.ConclusionAlthough this work concentrated on the short-term water stress and recover treatments on transgenic potato plants with the over-expression of CodA gene and its control line. The datas shows that the exogenous codA gene provided potato a stronger drought resistance and recovery ability.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-30) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Effect of high temperature and pressure on quantification of MON 810 maize

Maize MON 810 (Zea mays L.) is the only transgenic cultivar grown in the European Union countries and food products with its content higher than 0.9% must be labelled. Processing such as high temperature (121°C), elevated pressure (0.1 MPa), and low pH 2.25 fragmented DNA. A two order difference in the species specific gene content compared to the transgenic DNA content in plant materials used has led to false negative results in the quantification of transgenic DNA. The maize containing 4.2% of the transgene after processing appeared to be as low as 3.0% (100°C) and 1.9% (121°C, 0.1 MPa). The 2.1% amount of the transgene dropped at 100°C to 1.0% and at 121°C, 0.1 MPa to 0.6%. Determination of GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) content in processed foods may lead to incorrect statement and labelling could mislead consumers in these cases.  

Stay-green plants: what do they tell us about the molecular mechanism of leaf senescence

A practical approach to increasing crop yields is to extend the duration of active photosynthesis. Stay-green is a term that is used to describe mutant and transgenic plants or cultivars with the trait of maintaining their leaves for a longer period of time than the wild-type or crosses from which they are derived. Analyzing stay-green genotypes contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating leaf senescence which may allow us to extend the duration of active photosynthesis in crop plants. This article summarizes recent studies on stay-green plants and the insights they provide on the mechanism of leaf senescence. Briefly, mutations suppressing ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, and strigolactone signal transduction or those activating cytokinin signaling often lead to stay-green phenotypes indicating a complex signaling network regulating leaf senescence. Developmentally regulated transcription factors, including NAC or WRKY family members, play key roles in the induction of leaf senescence and thus alteration in the activity of these transcription factors also result in stay-green phenotypes. Impairment in the enzymatic steps responsible for chlorophyll breakdown also leads to stay-green phenotypes. Some of these genotypes die in the middle of the process of chlorophyll breakdown due to the accumulation of toxic intermediates, while others appear to stay-green but their photosynthetic activity declines in a manner similar to wild-type plants. Alterations in certain metabolic pathways in chloroplasts (e.g., photosynthesis) can lead to a delayed onset of leaf senescence with maintenance of photosynthetic activity longer than wild-type plants, indicating that chloroplast metabolism can also affect the regulatory mechanism of leaf senescence.

Registration of MD25‐26ne, MD25‐27, and MD25‐87 Germplasm Lines of Cotton with Superior Yield, Fiber Quality, and Pest Resistance

Three noncommercial cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines were released by the USDA‐ARS: MD25‐26ne (Reg. No. GP‐962, PI 666042), MD25‐27 (Reg. No. GP‐963, PI 666043), and MD25‐87 (Reg. No. GP‐964, PI 666044). These three lines are reselections out of MD 25. The objective of this research was to select lines with combinations of yield and fiber quality that were superior to those of MD 25. Starting with 153 F3 random MD 25 selections, reselections were made in 2009, 2010, and 2011 that resulted in three MD lines being retained. The 2010 and 2011 strains tests from multiple Stoneville environments showed that the three selected MD 25 lines had an average yield of 1517 kg ha−1, whereas the average yield of MD 25 itself was 1363 kg ha−1. In 2011, across the eight Regional High Quality (RHQ) Tests, the average yields of the three MD 25 selections and of the 12 transgenic cultivars were 1276 and 1295 kg ha−1, respectively, and their average yarn tenacities were 135 and 117 mN tex−1, respectively. In 2011, average yields across 13 locations in the Regional Breeders Testing Network (RBTN) for the three MD25 lines and for the three test checks were 1487 and 1413 kg ha−1. The average RBTN fiber‐quality scores for the three selections and the three RBTN check cultivars were 78.7 and 52.2. None of the other 24 test entries exceeded the average of the three MD 25 lines. For the second fiber‐quality score (QS2), the ranks of the three entries were 1, 2, and 4. The average QS2s for the three MD 25 lines and three check cultivars were 81.2 and 67.5. In other RBTN and RHQ tests, the three selected MD 25 lines showed resistance to tarnished plant bugs (Lygus spp.) and good resistance to the root‐knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood]. The combination of high yield, good fiber quality, and pest resistance make these three lines useful for further cotton improvement.

Spatial Distribution of Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean

Soybean bugs are major crop pests that cause significant reduction in harvest yield and influence grain quality. The aim of this study was to verify the spatial distribution of Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in conventional and transgenic soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted during the 2010-2011 crop season in UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, in two fields of 10,000-m(2) area that were subdivided into 100 plots (10 m × 10 m). The cultivars sown were M 7908 RR and its isoline M-SOY 8001. The number of the first to fifth instars and the number of adults were determined. To evaluate insect dispersion in the area, the following indices were used: variance/mean ratio, Morisita index, Green coefficient, and the k exponent of the negative binomial distribution. To study probabilistic models to describe the spatial distribution of the insects, the adjustments of the Poisson and negative binomial distributions were tested. The first to third instars showed aggregated spatial distribution, whereas the fourth and fifth instars, and adults, isolated or grouped, showed variation in the arrangement, ranging from moderately aggregated to randomly dispersed. During the adjustment of probability distributions, the negative binomial distribution model showed adjustment for the first to third instars, fourth and fifth instars, adults, and fourth and fifth instars plus adults.

The recovery of Bt toxin content after temperature stress termination in transgenic cotton

The insecticidal efficacy of Bt cotton under different environments has generated controversy in recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate possible reasons of the conflicting results caused by temperature stress. Two different types of Bt transgenic cotton cultivars (a Bt cultivar, Sikang1, and an hybrid Bt cultivar, Sikang3) were selected. The plants of the two Bt cultivars were exposed to high temperature (37°C), low temperature (18°C), and the control (27°C) for short (24 h) and long (48 h) periods of stress at peak boll stage, and then moved to the glasshouse where the control plants were maintained. The results showed that the leaf insecticidal toxin content fully recovered within 24 h to the level of control after the end of short duration high-temperature treatment, and recovered mostly within 48 h of the termination of 24 h low-temperature stress. Under long duration high temperature treatment the Bt toxin content required longer recovery periods (48 and 72 h for Sikang3 and Sikang1, respectively) to reach the control level. The Bt protein content only recovered partially at 96 h after the end of the long-duration low-temperature stress, and the concentrations of the Cry1Ac protein were 74% and 77% of the corresponding control for Sikang1 and Sikang3, respectively. The different recovery and increase slowly of the leaf nitrogen metabolic rates after ceasing the heat and cold stress may be possible reason for the above difference. In summary, the duration and type of temperature (cold or heat) stress may cause different Bt insecticidal protein recovery rate due to different recovery rate of enzymes.

Lignification of the plant and seed quality of RR soybeans sprayed with herbicide glyphosate

Differences in levels of lignin in the plant between conventional and transgenic cultivars RR has been reported by several authors, however, there are few studies evaluating the influence of spraying of glyphosate on the lignin in the plant and RR soybean seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of RR transgenic soybean seeds and the lignin contents of plants sprayed with the herbicide glyphosate. The assays were conducted both in greenhouse and field in the municipality of Lavras, MG, in the agricultural year 2007/08. The experiment was arranged in a splitplot design with four replicates, considering the treatments hand weeding and herbicide glyphosate as plots, and five RR soybean cultivars (BRS 245 RR, BRS 247 RR, Valiosa RR, Silvânia RR and Baliza RR) as splitplots. In the greenhouse, the cultivars tested were BRS 245 RR and Valiosa RR in a randomized block design with four replicates. The sprayings were carried out at stages V3, V7 and early R5 (3L/ha). The 1000 seed weight, mechanical injury, germination and germination velocity index, emergence velocity index, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and water soaking seed test, lignin content in the seed coat, in the stem and legumes were determined. The spraying of glyphosate herbicide, in greenhouse and field, did not alter the physiological quality of seeds and the lignin contents in the plant.

TRANSGENIC VEGETABLES FOR 21ST CENTURY HORTICULTURE

Vegetables are grown worldwide and play an important role in human diets because they provide vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals. Vegetables are also associated with improvement of gastrointestinal health, good vision, and reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, chronic diseases such as diabetes, and some forms of cancer. The consumption and caloric contribution of vegetables to the diet vary widely with geographical region, nationality, local customs, and cuisine. Vegetable production suffers from many biotic stresses caused by pathogens, pests, and weeds and requires high amounts of plant protection products per hectare. US vegetables farmers are benefiting from growing transgenic squash cultivars resistant to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus, which were deregulated and commercialized since the mid-1990s. Bt-sweet corn has also proven effective for control of some lepidopteran species and continues to be accepted in the fresh market in the United States, and Bt-fresh-market hybrids are released each year. Likewise, transgenic Bt-eggplant was bred to reduce pesticide use and hopefully will soon be grown by farmers in Asia. There are other vegetable crops in the pipeline that have been genetically modified to enhance their host plant resistance to insects and plant pathogens (including viruses), to show herbicide tolerance, and to improve features such as slow ripening that extends the shelf-life of the produce, high nutritional status, seedless fruit, and increased sweetness. Transgenic plant breeding therefore provides genetically enhanced seed embedded technology that contributes to integrated pest management in vegetable production by reducing pesticide sprays as well as improving food safety by minimizing pesticide residues. Furthermore, herbicide-tolerant transgenic crops can help reducing plough in fields, thereby saving fuel because of less tractor use, which also protects the structure of the soil by reducing its erosion. Transgenic vegetable crops could make important contributions to sustainable vegetable production in this 21st century. However, countries vary in their market standards of acceptance of transgenic crops. Biotechnology products will be successful if clear advantages and safety are demonstrated to both growers and consumers.

TRANSGENIC BANANAS WITH ENHANCED RESISTANCE AGAINST XANTHOMONAS WILT DISEASE

Banana (Musa sp.) represents one of the most important world food crops after maize, rice, wheat and cassava. Many pests and diseases have significantly affected banana cultivation. Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, is one of the most important diseases and currently considered as the biggest threat to banana production in the Great Lakes region of Africa including Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi. The pathogen is highly contagious and its spread has endangered the livelihood of millions of farmers who rely on banana for food and income. The development of disease resistant bananas remains a high priority since farmers are reluctant to employ labor-intensive disease control measures and there is no host plant resistance among banana cultivars. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), in partnership with the National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO), Uganda and the African Agriculture Technology Foundation (AATF), have developed hundreds of transgenic bananas constitutively expressing the Hypersensitive Response Assisting Protein (Hrap) or Plant Ferredoxin Like Protein (Pflp) gene originated from sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum). These transgenic lines have exhibited strong resistance to BXW in the laboratory and screen house tests. The best 65 resistant lines were planted in a confined field trial in October 2010 at NARL, Kawanda, Uganda after approval from the National Biosafety Committee. This is a significant step toward development of transgenic banana cultivars resistant to BXW, which will boost the available arsenal to fight this epidemic disease and save livelihoods in Africa. These transgenic lines are under evaluation for disease resistance and agronomic performance in field conditions. This technology may also provide effective control to other bacterial diseases such as moko or blood disease of banana occurring in other parts of the world.

Adaptation of Potato to Water Shortage: Irrigation Management and Enhancement of Tolerance to Drought and Salinity

Agriculture that depends upon irrigation is challenged by the increasing scarcity of fresh water and global climate change, and increasing human populations aggravate this situation. The potato crop depends on a regular water supply to secure high quality yields. Abiotic stress factors, such as drought, heat and salinity, have severe, adverse effects on growth and yield. In this review, different approaches to cope with water stress are presented. These approaches include altering morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics of potato and the use of biotechnology. For example, native potato and alien genes have been identified by transcriptomics and may provide useful candidates for deployment against stress. Transgenic potato cultivars harboring many of these genes have been evaluated and show promise for future release as new, stress tolerant cultivars. Potential management tools for economizing water use include efficient irrigation systems and precision agriculture. The use of alternative water resources, such as greywater, recycled wastewater, agricultural drainage water, and desalinated water will contribute to the water requirements of the potato crop and should help meet future challenges.

转Bt基因棉花对烟粉虱天敌昆虫龟纹瓢虫的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 转Bt基因棉花对烟粉虱天敌昆虫龟纹瓢虫的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201302030222 作者: 作者单位: 扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 转基因生物安全监测技术资助项目(2013ZX08012004-005); 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31171483); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助 Effects of Bt-cotton on Propylea japonica, an Enemy Insect of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Author: Affiliation: School of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,School of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,School of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Crop Genetics Physiology,Yangzhou University,School of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,School of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在实验室控制条件下,以转Bt基因棉花GK12、33B、SGK321上的烟粉虱为食料饲养龟纹瓢虫,研究转Bt基因棉花上的烟粉虱对龟纹瓢虫生长发育及捕食的影响,同时利用Y型嗅觉仪,观察龟纹瓢虫对来自不同类型棉花的棉叶及其烟粉虱的嗅觉反应和视觉反应。结果表明,转Bt基因棉花和对应的常规棉亲本上的烟粉虱对龟纹瓢虫的发育历期和存活率没有明显的影响。龟纹瓢虫对棉花叶片、烟粉虱若虫、蜜露、蜕等4种物质的视觉反应之间没有明显的差异。对4种嗅源物质的嗅觉选择性的大小依次为:烟粉虱若虫>蜕>棉花>蜜露;在两类不同的棉花之间,龟纹瓢虫对GK12、33B、SGK321等3种转基因棉花上的烟粉虱若虫的嗅觉选择性明显较对应的常规棉亲本SM3、33、SY321上的烟粉虱若虫小;对烟粉虱若虫的蜕,两种转单价基因棉花GK12、33B较对应的常规棉亲本上的小,而转双价基因的棉花SGK321上与对应的常规棉之间没有明显的差异。烟粉虱密度大于200头/皿时,龟纹瓢虫捕食转基因棉花上烟粉虱的数量大于对应的常规棉花亲本,但烟粉虱密度小于200头/皿时,龟纹瓢虫捕食转基因棉花上烟粉虱的数量小于对应的常规棉花亲本。龟纹瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食符合HollingⅡ型反应。龟纹瓢虫取食转基因棉花上的烟粉虱的理论极限值、瞬间攻击率均大于对应的常规棉亲本。 Abstract:In a laboratory test, Bemisia tabaci on the plants of three transgenic Bt cotton cultivars (GK12, 33B, and SGK321) and their non-transgenic parents (SM3, 33, and SY321) was used for feeding Propylea japonica. The effects of B. tabaci on the growth and predation of P. japonica were studied. Meanwhile, the olfactory and visual reactions of P. japonica to B. tabaci from the leaves of these transgenic and non-transgenic cotton plants were observed using a Y-shape olfactometer. The transgenic cotton plants and their non-transgenic cotton parents didn't produce significant effects on the developmental duration and survival of P. japonica. There was no significant difference in the visual reactions of P. japonica to cotton leaves, the nymph, honeydew, exuviates of B. tabaci. The olfactory reaction of P. japonica was descended in the order of nymph, exuviates, cotton plant, and honeydew. P. japonica on the three non-transgenic cotton plants had higher olfactory selectivity for the nymph of B. tabaci than those on the three transgenic cotton plants. P. japonica on the two univalent transgenic cotton plants of GK12 and 33B had lower olfactory selectivity for the exuviates of B. tabaci than those on their two non-transgenic cotton plants of GK12、33B. There was no difference in the olfactory selectivity for he exuviates of B. tabaci on the bivalent transgenic cotton SGK321 and its non-transgenic parent SY321. When the prey density was greater than 200 head/dish, the amount of B. tabaci predated by P. japonica was higher on transgenic cotton plants than on non-transgenic cotton plants. When the prey density was lower than 200 head/dish, the amount of B. tabaci predated by P. japonica was higher on non-transgenic cotton plants than on transgenic cotton plants. The predation of P. japonica to B. tabaci was in conformity with Holling Ⅱ type reaction. The theoretical limit and the instant attack rate of P. japonica on B. tabaci were significantly on transgenic cotton plants than on their non-transgenic cotton plants. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Efficient plant regeneration in three cultivars of Hami melon [Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo convar. ameri (Pang.) Greb] via organogenesis

SummaryHami melon [Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo convar. ameri (Pang.) Greb] is reputed to be the ‘king of melons’, but commercial development of transgenic Hami melon cultivars is limited by low levels of plant regeneration and a high incidence of polyploid regenerants. Regeneration systems for three Hami melon varieties, namely ‘Jin Queen’, ‘Hongmibao’, and ‘Huangzhuixian’, were developed via organogenesis in tissue culture. Leaf explants ranging from 0.125 – 0.500× the full-size of each leaf were prepared in vitro from seedlings of different ages, then cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 1.0 – 9.0 mg l–1) to determine optimal conditions for induction of adventitious shoots. Leaves from 8-d old seedlings were cut into four, approximately-equal segments. Plant regeneration was greatest on MS medium containing 3.0 mg l–1 BAP, with a shoot induction frequency of 90% for ‘Hongmibao’. For ‘Jin Queen’ and ‘Huangzhuixian’, the highest frequencies of shoot induction (86% and 88%, respectively) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 4.5 mg l–1 BAP.Adventitious shoots were then elongated on MS medium containing 0.1 mg l–1 BAP, but rooted successfully on hormone-free MS medium. Approx. 88% of the regenerated plants were diploid, as determined by flow cytometry.

Ocorrência de pragas em algodoeiro geneticamente modificado (Bt) e convencional

The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pest and management of cotton genetically modified with the introduction of the bacterium Bacillus thunringiensis compared to conventional cotton in the ‘Cerrado’ region, installing the field experiment in 2007/2008 in Chapadão do Sul-MS. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2 x 3 factorial, with two managements of insecticides (with and without insecticides to control lepidopteran) and 3 modes of use of cultivars: 100% transgenic (NUOPAL), 100% non transgenic (Deltaopal ) and interior area with transgenic (80% NUOPAL) with non-transgenic border (20% Deltaopal) with five replications. Evaluations were performed weekly of pest infestation, observing in 15 plants per plot the number of Alabama argillacea, Heliothis virescens and Spodoptera frugiperda . Based on these results it was concluded that: the occurrence of A. argillacea and H. virescens was lower in treated transgenic cultivar. There were no differences between transgenic and conventional farming on the occurrence of S. frugiperda .