Transformation Events Research Articles

Cu-based metastable microstructural template and its role in the heat flux application

The present paper focuses on developing an optimised strength-conductive alloy in Cu–Fe–Si system. We present the effect of a cost-effective rapid-casting route on modifying the microstructure. The non-equilibrium phase transformation events are tracked and the evolution sequences of metastable phases in the microstructure are elucidated. The metastable phase transformation of the precipitates from DO19- to L12-ordered structure and its role in enhancing thermal conductivity are presented. A density functional theory (DFT)-based calculation also complements the experimental evidence of the relative stability of the evolved metastable phases. One of the key findings is the evolution of L12-ordered precipitates via face centred cubic (FCC)-based interfacial matrix template.

Anomalous temperature dependence of elastic limit in metallic glasses

Understanding the atomistic mechanisms of inelastic deformation in metallic glasses (MGs) remains challenging due to their amorphous structure, where local carriers of plasticity cannot be easily defined. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we analyzed the onset of inelastic deformation in CuZr MGs, specifically the temperature dependence of the elastic limit, in terms of localized shear transformation (ST) events. We find that although the ST events initiate at lower strain with increasing temperature, the elastic limit increases with temperature in certain temperature ranges. We explain this anomalous behavior through the framework of an energy-strain landscape (ESL) constructed from high-throughput strain-dependent energy barrier calculations for the ST events identified in the MD simulations. The ESL reveals that the anomalous behavior is caused by the transition of ST events from irreversible to reversible with increasing temperature. An analytical formulation is developed to predict this transition and the temperature dependence of the elastic limit.

Transformative Event Experiences: A Multi-Stakeholder Value Co-Creation And Co-Destruction Perspective

This paper proposes a holistic overview of value co-creation and value co-destruction among stakeholders at transformative events. Through a thematic research design rooted in value co-creation and co-destruction, 31 semi-structured in-depth interviews with transformative event stakeholders including transformative experience facilitators, co-facilitators, event designers and participants, were analysed. The study’s findings conclude that value co-creation and value co-destruction occur between various stakeholders and further refine resources and activities that contribute to or obstruct the formation of value within the events industry. Given the scarcity of research in transformative event design in general, and the co-creative or co-destructive role of stakeholders beyond the consumer perspective in particular, the study is novel in contributing to value formation in transformative experiences from a multi-stakeholder perspective. For event management practice, this research provides an overview of activity categories and resources for transformative event stakeholders to intentionally increase co-created value outcomes and avoid value co-destruction.

Using Data Science to Assess the Impact of Disaster Event on Climate Change Belief: Case of Australian Bushfire Catastrophe

Australia, vulnerable to bushfire incidents due to its unique climatic conditions, witnessed a transformative event in the 2019-2020 bushfire season. This research examines the impact of these bushfires on public perception of climate change. Leveraging robust statistical techniques, including McNemar's hypothesis testing and logistic regression, the study deciphers survey data collated pre and post these fires. The study's hypothesis that post-fire respondents are more likely to acknowledge climate change's role is confirmed. Factors such as education, political affiliation, and support for fossil fuel reduction are identified as influential predictors of climate change belief. The analysis also highlights the complex interplay of demographic characteristics and media exposure in shaping attitudes. Notably, direct firebush exposure showed a nuanced relationship with belief. The research underscores a significant shift in Australian attitudes toward climate change following the bushfires. These findings contribute to our understanding of public opinion dynamics and the role of experiential factors in climate change belief.

Tour de France in a digital television paradigm

This article analyses sports events as mega-events with global appeal and increasing socio-economic and cultural significance, and as genres which have now become important in the television industry’s transformation from broadcast to online streaming. It presents findings from a qualitative production analysis of how the Tour de France 2022 was shaped in a twofold strategic context. Genre specific aspects of the media event in the ongoing transformation of the television industry and wider strategic interests behind the hosting and organization of the start of the race in Denmark 2022 are discussed and their intertwinements are described. Based on interviews, documents, observations, screenshots and select broadcasts, the article presents a thematic analysis of how the event in Denmark was shaped in a shared concern for television’s ability to provide exposure of the race and the Danish context and public service broadcaster TV 2’s particular strategic branding interests in the event.

Epichloë fungal endophyte interactions in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) modified to accumulate foliar lipids for increased energy density

BackgroundCommercial cultivars of perennial ryegrass infected with selected Epichloë fungal endophytes are highly desirable in certain pastures as the resulting mutualistic association has the capacity to confer agronomic benefits (such as invertebrate pest deterrence) largely due to fungal produced secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids). In this study, we investigated T2 segregating populations derived from two independent transformation events expressing diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and cysteine oleosin (CO) genes designed to increase foliar lipid and biomass accumulation. These populations were either infected with Epichloë festucae var. lolii strain AR1 or Epichloë sp. LpTG-3 strain AR37 to examine relationships between the introduced trait and the endophytic association. Here we report on experiments designed to investigate if expression of the DGAT + CO trait in foliar tissues of perennial ryegrass could negatively impact the grass-endophyte association and vice versa. Both endophyte and plant characters were measured under controlled environment and field conditions.ResultsExpected relative increases in total fatty acids of 17–58% accrued as a result of DGAT + CO expression with no significant difference between the endophyte-infected and non-infected progeny. Hyphal growth in association with DGAT + CO expression appeared normal when compared to control plants in a growth chamber. There was no significant difference in mycelial biomass for both strains AR1 and AR37, however, Epichloë-derived alkaloid concentrations were significantly lower on some occasions in the DGAT + CO plants compared to the corresponding null-segregant progenies, although these remained within the reported range for bioactivity.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the mutualistic association formed between perennial ryegrass and selected Epichloë strains does not influence expression of the host DGAT + CO technology, but that endophyte performance may be reduced under some circumstances. Further investigation will now be required to determine the preferred genetic backgrounds for introgression of the DGAT + CO trait in combination with selected endophyte strains, as grass host genetics is a major determinant to the success of the grass-endophyte association in this species.

Towards the Future of Public Health: Roadmapping Trends and Scenarios in the Post-COVID Healthcare Era.

The COVID-19 pandemic, a transformative event in modern society, has disrupted routine, work, behavior, and human relationships. Organizations, amidst the chaos, have innovatively adapted to the evolving situation. However, many countries were unprepared for the magnitude of the challenge, revealing the fragility of health responses due to inadequate leadership, insufficient resources, and poor information system integration. Structural changes in health systems are imperative, particularly in leadership, governance, human resources, financing, information systems, technology, and health service provision. This research utilizes the Technological Roadmapping method to analyze the health sector, focusing on public health, drawing on articles from SCOPUS and PubMed databases, and creating a roadmap extending to 2050. The research presents three long-term scenarios based on the literature-derived roadmap and explores various alternatives, including integrated care, telemedicine, Big Data utilization, nanotechnology, and Big Tech's AI services. The results underscore the anticipation of post-pandemic public health with high expectations, emphasizing the importance of integrating health history access, encouraging self-care, and leveraging technology for streamlined treatment. Practical implications include insights for decision makers and stakeholders to inform strategic planning and adapt to evolving industry demands, recognizing the significance of preventive services and the humanizing potential of technology.

Catastrophe Practices and the Ontological Gambit: Nicholas Mosley’s Plays for Not Acting

Abstract: This article explores three experimental closet dramas by British writer Nicholas Mosley, part of the novel Catastrophe Practice (1979), which deserve wider recognition in the context of theatre studies’ current focus on catastrophe and futurity. Mosley’s enigmatic “Plays for Not Acting” promote a leap in consciousness, fostering fresh mental patterns to invigorate humanity. This evolutionary leap, which can be practiced for, is akin to a catastrophe as defined by catastrophe theory: a sudden rupture in a seemingly steady state system. Departing from assigned roles, Mosley’s neo-Brechtian actors exhibit self-awareness of their unconvincing performances and moments of deliberate non-action. By abstaining from conventional acting, they create space for a transformational event beyond linguistic expression. The reader/spectator’s comprehension of the irrelevance of dramatic action, dialogue, and plot to the true “catastrophe” taking place offstage is crucial. Mosley’s concept of productive catastrophe offers a compelling dramaturgical innovation, anticipating performance theory’s insights on self-aware performance’s potential to disrupt rote performativity constructively. Mosley presciently links performance and performativity to human survival.

Impact of Diagnosis to Treatment Interval on Outcomes in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Marginal Zone Lymphoma - a US Multisite Study

Introduction Diagnosis to treatment interval (DTI) is an important prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Maurer M et al, JCO 2018) and mantle cell lymphoma (Epperla N et al, Blood Adv 2023) where patients with shorter DTI consistently show inferior survival. In marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), the use of first-line bendamustine and rituximab (BR) therapy may enhance progression-free survival (PFS) compared to cyclophosphamide-based regimens such as RCHOP/RCVP. However, the differences in outcomes may be influenced by other factors, such as the DTI, especially in observational studies. Until now, the prognostic significance of DTI in MZL has not been explored. Therefore, our objective was to assess the impact of DTI on outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed MZL. Methods This is a substudy of a previously reported multicenter, retrospective cohort that included adult MZL patients treated at 10 US medical centers on or after 1/1/2010. In this substudy, we included patients who initiated first-line BR, RCHOP, or RCVP within 120 days of diagnosis. Patients who were on observation or received antibiotics, local therapy (surgery or radiation therapy), or rituximab monotherapy were excluded. DTI was defined as the number of days from the MZL diagnosis to the start of immunochemotherapy (IC). Using concordance statistics for different DTI cutoffs, we determined 60 days as optimal for analysis. Patients who received treatment within 60 days from their diagnosis were classified into the short DTI group. To compare clinical characteristics between the two groups, univariable and multivariable (MV) logistic regression analyses were performed, accounting for missing data through multiple imputations. The primary endpoint of this analysis was PFS, while secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and the cumulative incidence of histologic transformation (HT). Predictors of PFS and OS were identified using Cox regression analysis. Results Of the 900 patients with newly diagnosed MZL included in the main study, 177 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis, including 144 (81%) in the short DTI group and 33 (19%) in the long DTI group. The median time to treatment initiation was 27 days (range: 1-60) for the short DTI group and 81 days (range: 61-112) for the long DTI group. The median age was 61 years with 43% EMZL (n=77), 38% NMZL (67), and 19% SMZL (33) patients. Among the patients, 75% received BR as first-line treatment followed by R-CHOP (15%), and R-CVP (10%). A higher proportion of patients in the short DTI group had B symptoms compared to long DTI group (27% vs 3%, p=0.03, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in regard to MZL subtype, ECOG performance status, stage, LDH, or the choice of first-line IC. In the MV model, presence of B symptoms remained significantly associated with short DTI (OR=12.63, p=0.02). Short DTI was not associated with a statistically different PFS in a univariable assessment (HR=0.86, 95%CI=0.47-1.56), or in the MV model, adjusting for other prognostic factors (aHR=0.87, 95%CI=0.47-1.61, p=0.65, Figure 1A), while high LDH (aHR=2.07, 95%CI=1.06-4.07, p=0.034) and low albumin (aHR=2.31, 95%CI=1.10-4.85, p=0.027) at diagnosis were associated with significantly inferior PFS in the MV model. Additionally, the MV model indicated that patients who received BR had significantly better PFS compared to those who received R-CHOP/RCVP (aHR=0.50, 95% CI=0.29-0.86, p=0.01, Figure 1B). Short DTI was not associated with inferior OS in either univariable or MV models (MV: aHR=0.74, 95%CI=0.26-2.08, p=0.57). There were 12 transformation events in the study: 8 in the short DTI group and 4 in the long DTI group. The cumulative incidence of HT was not significantly different between the two groups (10-year CIF 13% versus 12%, respectively, p=0.22). Conclusion In MZL, a short DTI does not correlate with an inferior prognosis, despite being associated with certain unfavorable characteristics such as the presence of B symptoms. This lack of prognostic utility of DTI in newly diagnosed MZL, in contrast to aggressive B-cell lymphomas, may be intrinsically linked to the underlying biology of the disease. Furthermore, the observed improvement in PFS with BR compared to RCHOP/RCVP, as demonstrated in clinical trials like STiL and BRIGHT, cannot be attributed to differences in DTI.

Impact of Maintenance Rituximab Following First-Line Systemic Therapy on Outcomes in Patients with Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Real-World Evidence from 10 US Centers

Introduction First-line treatment options for patients (pts) with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) include rituximab monotherapy (R) and immunochemotherapy (IC), such as bendamustine with rituximab (BR) or RCHOP/RCVP. The efficacy of maintenance rituximab (M-R) has been studied in splenic (SMZL) and nodal (NMZL) MZL, showing a benefit in progression-free survival (PFS) when M-R is administered after BR (Rummel et al., ASCO 2018). However, the role of M-R in pts with extranodal MZL (EMZL) of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT), or those receiving R or RCHOP/RCVP, remains uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the outcomes of pts with MZL who received M-R after their first-line systemic therapy (R or IC) using data from a large multi-institutional retrospective cohort. Methods Adult pts with MZL (SMZL, NMZL, or EMZL) who were treated at 10 US medical centers from 2010 onwards were included. Pts who had received first-line treatment with either R or IC and achieved a partial (PR) or complete (CR) response to the initial therapy were divided into groups based on whether they subsequently received M-R or not. To avoid immortal-time bias, we required a minimum follow-up of 6 months from diagnosis. Outcomes included PFS, overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of histologic transformation (HT). Because of non-proportional hazards, Wilcoxon test was used to compare survival curves, and Cox models (augmented by multiple imputation to account for missing data) were bounded by 6 years of follow up. Multivariable models adjusted for prognostic factors including age, sex, performance status, stage, baseline hemoglobin, albumin, LDH, type of IC and CR/PR status at the end of therapy. Results The study included 427 pts with a median age of 63 years. Of these pts, 53% were women, and 49% had EMZL, 27% had NMZL, and 23% had SMZL. The first-line therapies received were R (54%), BR (36%), RCHOP (7%), or RCVP (3%). A CR was achieved by 70% (n=298) of pts after the initial therapy. Overall, 33% (n=140) received M-R with a median of 8 cycles. Among pts who initially had PR, 39% converted to a CR during M-R therapy. The median follow-up period was 5 years. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of receiving M-R included achieving a PR instead of a CR after the first-line therapy (41% vs 29% receiving M-R, respectively; p=0.02) and having the SMZL subtype (p=0.03, Fig 1A). Pts treated with RCHOP were less likely to receive M-R compared to those receiving other regimens (p=0.049). There was also evidence of hospital-level preference to either prescribe M-R or not. We analyzed survival outcomes separately for pts who received first-line IC or R monotherapy, stratified further by MZL subtype and the type of IC regimen. Among pts who received IC (n=197), M-R was associated with longer PFS (median of 9.0 vs. 6.8 years, p=0.008, Fig 1B). However, the statistical significance was lost in the multivariable model (adjusted HR=0.52, 95%CI=0.25-1.10). When evaluated by MZL subtype, pts with EMZL had a significantly longer PFS with M-R (p=0.01), while those with NMZL and SMZL did not (p=0.41 and 0.10, respectively). When examining the type of first-line IC, pts receiving RCHOP/RCVP had a prolonged PFS with M-R (p=0.03), whereas the difference was not statistically significant after BR (p=0.12). There was no difference in OS overall (p=0.09; adjusted HR=0.55, 95%CI=0.12-2.60) or in any subgroup. Among pts who received first-line R, there were no statistically significant differences in PFS (p=0.70; adjusted HR=0.99, 95%CI=0.59-1.66) or OS (p=0.17) based on the receipt of M-R, either in the entire cohort or any subset. A total of 14 transformation events occurred during the study, including 3 in the M-R group. The cumulative incidence of HT did not significantly differ between the two groups (sub-HR=0.76, 95%CI=0.21-2.82, p=0.68). Discussion In this large retrospective cohort study, the use of M-R in MZL was primarily influenced by local preferences, the quality of response after initial treatment, and the type of IC regimen. Receipt of M-R was associated with a longer PFS for pts receiving first-line IC, especially for those with EMZL and those receiving RCHOP/RCVP. These findings suggest a PFS advantage of M-R in EMZL, which is a novel observation. However, this advantage was not observed in terms of OS or the rate of HT. M-R after initial R did not show any significant differences in outcomes for MZL.

“Respect the Stick!”

Rainbow Gatherings are one of the earliest forerunners of transformative events, with a history spanning five decades. These noncommercial, cocreated, and inclusive meetings have a global spread, offering radical alternatives to social organization and political processes. This essay examines the alternative political model of Rainbow Gatherings through the lens of material culture studies. The analysis follows an object biography of the ritual artifact known as the Talking Stick, central to Rainbow’s political practices, and explores the meaning of the object in material, symbolic, and instrumental senses. Drawing on ethnographic field work at fourteen Rainbow Gatherings across Europe, the essay concludes that organizational models contribute to the transformational potential of events.

Egyptian queer women’s quiet activism within repressive contexts in the Middle East

ABSTRACT This study highlights an unconventional form of LGBTQIA activism within restrictive contexts in the Middle East. Building on the triangulation of data findings obtained from activists’ social media accounts from 2014 until 2022, this study argues that Egyptian queer women mobilized quiet activism as a safe form of individual engagement within a repressive and anti-queer context fuelled by social disdain. Tracking women’s individual life stories, this study revealed an unfamiliar strategy of action that has been overlooked by scholarship addressing the LGBTQIA advocacy as a collective action in the Middle East. While scholars have entrenched the LGBTQIA advocacy within a logic of collective activism and organized cyber/groundwork, this study underlined quiet activism as a coping mechanism with state repression in order to contest the state persecution of queer citizens and violation of individual rights and freedom. Being at the intersection of individual engagement, transformative events and personal emotions, quiet activism is an adaptive form of entanglement with repressive contexts through non-confrontational and unchallenging tools of action, such as personal encounters and emotions.

Neoliberalism, Populism, and the Postapocalypse: Competing (or Compatible?) Ideologies and Imaginaries of the Pandemic

It is widely accepted that the COVID-19 pandemic was a transformative event of major historical significance, but the ideational and ideological dimensions of it have been studied less extensively than its more tangible implications in terms of economic or human cost. This paper engages with ideological discourses revolving around the pandemic by relating interpretations of the pandemic-induced crisis to the discourse of endism, which includes such well-established themes as the end of ideology or the end of history. We explore debates around the concept of populism, which is at the core of the endist discourse today, and argue that it serves as a smoke screen that distracts from fundamental problems at the heart of global capitalism and its supporting ideology of neoliberalism. We argue that the transformations ushered in by the pandemic and the political response to it must be understood within the context of ongoing developments in the neoliberal project. The paper sheds some light on the failures of neoliberalism in confronting the virus while also considering the extent to which the pandemic may have paradoxically served to reinvigorate neoliberalism following its period of crisis.

Understanding Thrombosis and Hemorrhage in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms through a Nationwide Study

Introduction The incidence of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs), including Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), Polycythemia Vera (PV), and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) are increased. Thrombosis and hemorrhage are major complications of ET and PV. Leukemic transformation is a rare but fatal complication of MPNs. However, their incidence and risk factors of thrombosis and hemorrhage in a nationwide population are not fully known. Methods This study used nationwide data from the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS). We assessed thrombosis, hemorrhage, and leukemic transformation events in a cohort of all 9,779 patients diagnosed with MPNs during 2011-2016. A Big data formed by the NHIS contains demographic, clinical characteristics (smoking, body mass index, dates of birth, last follow up date, gender), health care utilization, treatment medication and health screening for the whole Korean population (Table 1). Results Of total 9,779 patients with MPNs, 5,970 (61.04%) had ET, 2,655(27.2%) PV, 586 (5.9%) PMF, and 568 (5.8%) unspecified MPN (MPN-U). 2,187 (22.4%) patients were diagnosed arterial thromboembolism including cerebral infarction and other thromboembolism during follow-up. And 1,029 (10.5%) patients were diagnosed venous thrombus including pulmonary thromboembolism. 254 (2.6%) patients were diagnosed intracerebral hemorrhage. Secondary leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia (n=482, 4.9%), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n=38, 0.4%), chronic myeloid leukemia (n=423, 4.3%), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n=22, 0.2%)) arising from MPNs were noted. Secondary myelofibrosis was noted in 321 (3.3%) patients with MPNs. Multivariate analysis revealed several risk factors for thrombosis and hemorrhage in patients with PV and ET. In patients with PV, age over 60 years (hazard ratio [HR]=2.199, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.863-2.596, p<0.001), hypertension (HR=1.519, 95% CI=1.269-1.818, p<0.001), and atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR=1.561, 95% CI=1.088-2.241, p=0.016) were identified as significant risk factors for thrombosis. Additionally, age over 60 years (HR=2.896, 95% CI=1.637-5.123, p<0.001) was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage in patients with PV. In patients with ET, multivariate analysis identified age over 60 years (HR=2.495, 95% CI=2.217-2.809, p<0.001), male sex (HR=1.147, 95% CI=1.034-1.271, p=0.009), hypertension (HR=1.563, 95% CI=1.385-1.764, p<0.001), dyslipidemia (HR=1.216, 95% CI=1.084-1.364, p=0.001), atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR=1.537, 95% CI=1.091-2.165, p=0.014), and hematologic malignancy (HR=1.294, 95% CI=1.097-1.527, p=0.002) as significant risk factors for thrombosis. Moreover, age over 60 years (HR=2.657, 95% CI=1.744-4.048, p<0.001) and hypertension (HR=1.775, 95% CI=1.161-2.713, p=0.008) were found to be significant risk factors for hemorrhage in patients with ET. Conclusions This is the first Korean nationwide study to understand thrombosis and hemorrhage in patients with MPNs. This set of data can be utilized to compare the Asian patients with MPNs to international data and guidelines.

New Age Gathering in a Pandemic

Rainbow Gatherings are alternative grassroots events that are held as weeks-long camps in natural settings. The Gatherings can be described as temporary intentional communities and transformational events, advocating many central ideals of Western counterculture and alternative-holistic spirituality, inter alia, by employing radical alternatives to market economy, centralized leadership, and religious institutions. These non-commercial and nonviolent Gatherings are fully inclusive and participatory, and before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were dozens of events in Europe annually. The essay depicts how the pandemic and related restrictions were experienced and interpreted among the participants of the 2021 European Rainbow Gathering and describes relevant aspects of the underlying religious and cultural context. The essay connects the observations to recent research on “conspirituality” in its contexts of cultural views, expression, and practices.

Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its impact on survival in patients with marginal zone lymphoma: A population-based study.

Some patients with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) experience histological transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Because of the paucity of long-term data on transformation, we conducted a population-based study to estimate the risk of transformation and its impact on survival in MZL. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, we identified 23 221 patients with histology-proven MZL between 2000 and 2018. Competing risk method, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to analyze time-to-event outcomes. Based on 420 events of transformation, the 10-year cumulative incidence rate of transformation is 2.23% (95% CI: 2.00%-2.46%) in MZL, 1.5% (95% CI: 1.3%-1.8%), 2.7% (95% CI: 2.3%-3.2%) and 5.8% (95% CI: 4.6%-7.1%) in extranodal, nodal and splenic MZL (EMZL, NMZL and SMZL), respectively. Patients with SMZL (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 2.96; 95% CI: 2.21-3.96) or NMZL (SHR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.17-1.90) have a higher risk of transformation than those with EMZL. For each MZL subtype, patients with transformation had a significantly shorter overall survival. Patients with transformation >18 months since MZL diagnosis had longer OS than those who presented within 18 months (5-year rate, 87.4% [95% CI: 83.7%-91.2%] vs 47.9% [95% CI: 38.8%-59.0%]; P < .001). Compared to patients with matched de novo DLBCL, those whose DLBCL was transformed from MZL had a shorter OS (5-year rate, 56.6% [95% CI: 51.9%-61.8%] vs 46.1% [95% CI: 40.9%-51.9%]; P < .001). We concluded that patients with SMZL had the highest risk of transformation. Regardless of MZL subtype, transformation resulted in significantly increased mortality.

How Protected Areas Are Transforming Within Megapolis: An Advanced Spatiotemporal Legislative Model

Compared to pristine ecosystems, urban protected areas (PAs) are exposed to intensified pressure and deterioration due to rapid population growth and entangled stakeholders’ interests. At the same time, these valuable ecosystems provide cities with ecosystem services, including cultural ones, and enhance the quality of life. Spatial analysis of PAs’ transformations in the context of the multidisciplinary approach contributes to the detection and safeguarding of vulnerable ecosystems. The study object is the protected areas of Moscow megapolis (within boundaries until 2012), whereas the study subject is the spatial and temporal PA’s transformations established by legislative acts. The research question is to devise a model of transformations designated by law within urban PAs and affecting their borders, land use, and rate of ecosystem deterioration. To achieve the research question, three goals were set: to gather spatial data on PAs’ transformations within Moscow designated by legislative acts; to design a comprehensive and exhaustive classification of PAs’ transformations established by legislative acts; to model spatial and temporal trends in transformations of Moscow PAs (1985-2022), according to the classification devised. The 3-compound framework for the analysis of legislative transformations (downgrading, downsizing, degazettment of protected areas) was coupled by content analysis of transformation events, GIS mapping, and spatial analysis of urban vegetation through NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) estimations and raster computations in QGIS and GDAL software. The originality of our study derives from: the analysis of the 4th transformations’ compound (design failures of new PAs); spatial comparison with positive transformations, strengthening nature conservation; uncovering detailed subtypes and levels of transformations; applying this approach to the local scale of megapolis. Our study is based on: 1985-2022 legislative acts with text and map representations of PAs’ borders, zones and land-use designated by regional government and national ministries; national and Moscow open-access spatial data hubs; Moscow online news; 2001-2021 Landsat imageries and Global Forest Change data on Moscow region. Adverse transformations affected a larger area than positive ones (53.8% of a total PA area compared to 22.6%). Positive transformations contributed by PAs’ design (49.5%) mostly, while adverse ones – by easing of restrictions on land use (60.3%) and failures in the design of new PAs (22.8%). Adverse transformations are mainly reflected in the downsizing of zones with the strictest prohibitions on land use (-68% on average) and a low share of designed PAs (54%) through the period 1985-2022. Woodland plantations dramatically expanded (+86.5%), replacing seminatural urban forests (2005-2021). Hence, PA’s ability to supply ecosystem services has been considerably diminished. In regard to Moscow, considerable adverse trends in nature protection were revealed, generally hidden from the public. The analyzed typology of Moscow PAs’ transformations is quite conventional and may be improved through comparisons with other megapolises abundant in natural heritage to advance the model devised and elicit threats to nature conservation.

The Anthropocene is best understood as an ongoing, intensifying, diachronous event

Current debate on the status and character of the Anthropocene is focussed on whether this interval of geological time should be designated as a formal unit of epoch/series rank in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart/Geological Time Scale, or whether it is more appropriate for it to be considered as an informal ‘event’ comparable in significance with other major transformative events in deeper geological time. The case for formalizing the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphical unit with a base at approximately 1950 CE is being developed by the Anthropocene Working Group of the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. Here we outline the alternative position and explain why the time‐transgressive nature of human impact on global environmental systems that is reflected in the recent stratigraphical record means that the Anthropocene is better seen not as a series/epoch with a fixed lower boundary, but rather as an unfolding, transforming and intensifying geological event.

The Rise and Progress of Western Civilization: What about Islamic Civilization

Background. Since the 15th century AD, the course of human civilization has been clear, with Western civilization surpassing its Islamic counterpart. Even today, the strides made by Western civilization continue to be icons of global progress. Purpose. The roots of this civilization can be traced back to Europe, where over the course of six centuries, a series of transformative events took place, including the Renaissance, Industrial Revolution, Aufklarung, and French Revolution. Method. Muslims achieved significant progress during their classical period after a centuries-long process. Therefore, it is not surprising that Europe has achieved great progress in politics, culture and technological advancement, as it has had access to this knowledge for a long period of time. Results. When comparing Western and Islamic civilizations, it is important to note that Islamic civilization reached great heights during its classical period. Conclusion. In the classical era, Western civilization teetered on the brink of darkness, plunging many Europeans into an identity crisis. Meanwhile, Islamic civilization flourished, and Europeans eagerly drew knowledge from its teachings. The 14th to 15th centuries ushered in a period of progress and growth for Western civilization, which influenced other cultures as well. Today, after more than five centuries, Western civilization maintains its dominant position not only over Islamic and Eastern civilizations, but also other civilizations. The 14th to 15th century Renaissance.

Constitutionalising Israel's Constitutional System

AbstractThe current political landscape in Israel, with countrywide demonstrations occurring weekly, and citizens calling for democracy in the face of initiatives introduced by the coalition, may be regarded as transformative events with potential constitutional implications. This article explores the question of whether Israel is experiencing a ‘constitutional moment’ and what such a moment entails, taking into account the intricate social, legal and political reality of the country. I argue that the current events should be examined and analysed within a broader context of processes that have been occurring in the Israeli society and legal system over the past two decades. These processes may hinder or create challenges for the realisation of a constitutional moment, rather than facilitating progress towards that goal. Correspondingly, the article lays the basic foundations for the occurrence of an Israeli constitutional moment, which I refer to as ‘constitutionalising Israel's constitutional system’.