Solute Transfer Research Articles

Development of Abraham Model Correlations for Solute Transfer into the tert-Butyl Acetate Mono-Solvent and Updated Equations for Both Ethyl Acetate and Butyl Acetate

Experimental solubilities were determined for 31 solid nonelectrolyte organic compounds dissolved in tert-butyl acetate at 298.15 K. Results of the experimental measurements were combined with published mole fraction solubility data for two lipid-lowering medicinal compounds (lovastatin and simvastatin) in order to derive Abraham model expressions for solute transfer into the tert-butyl acetate mono-solvent. The derived correlations provided an accurate mathematical description of the observed experimental data. As part of the current study, previously published Abraham model solvent correlations for both ethyl acetate and butyl acetate were updated using much larger datasets that contained an additional 64 and 35 experimental data points, respectively. The mathematical correlations presented in the current study describe the observed solubility ratios of solutes dissolved in tert-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate to within an overall standard deviation of 0.15 log units or less.

CO2 chemical absorption into AMP aqueous solution and mass transfer intensification in cascade sudden expansion microchannels

Carbon dioxide chemical absorption into 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) aqueous solution and mass transfer enhancement in cascade sudden expansion microchannels were investigated by a high-speed digital camera. The influences of the flow rates of gas and liquid phases, the sudden expansion units and the concentration of AMP on the gas-liquid two-phase flow and mass transfer performance are studied systematically. Results showed that the increase of sudden expansion unit is conductive to increase liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficient and enhancement factor. The maximal enhancement factor could reach to 1.33, and the maximally effective mass transfer efficiency could reach 1.6 under taking the energy consumption into account. The gas phase flow rate has slight effect on mass transfer enhancement factor E, while E decreases with increasing liquid phase flow rate. With the increase of AMP concentration, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increases, but the enhancement factor decreases. A new correlation with good prediction performance was proposed for the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Furthermore, the energy consumption and effective mass transfer efficiency were assessed.

Efforts and Barriers Shifting a City Region Towards Circular Transition – Lessons from a Living Lab from Pécs, Hungary

A Circular Economy is usually seen as achieving ‘zero waste’ and closing the material flow loops. However, multiple governance, economic, legal, socio-spatial, cultural, and behavioural barriers may easily hamper the transition. This study summarises the lessons learned from the waste flow analysis and living lab (LL) of a case study from the H2020 REPAiR project. It shows how the results of a waste flow analysis created for an urban area can help decision-makers to co-create new place-based eco-innovative solutions and hence shift the city towards circularity. At the same time, during the living lab process, it became clear that the decision support method alone is not enough to co-create or co-design new innovations, in addition the regulatory environment and the peculiarities of governance may also present multiple obstacles. The centralised governance in Hungary and the centralisation tendency in waste management and secondary resource use hamper efficient local resource management. The work in the LL showed that a centralised governance structure hinders not only the co-creation of new solutions but also the transfer of good practices from other peri-urban areas. This is important because a society that is generally less innovative and less developed at the beginning of sustainability transition is innovating for the first time via the transfer of eco-innovative solutions. Our paper shows that the governance structure of a given spatial unit (i.e. a city region) may be a significant factor in the successful or unsuccessful adoption of good practices and for the circular transition, as may system adaptability, the level of local technological development, the level of integration of actors, strategies, interests, and policy interventions.

Mathematical Modelling of Convective Diffusive Mass Transfer in Ferrofluids Concerning Targeted Drug Delivery

Magnetically targeted drug delivery systems have been gaining importance over recent years due to their efficiency and minimal side effects. Many techniques are proposed for delivering drugs to targeted sites within the human body. But magnetically targeted drug delivery surpasses because of its unique character and high efficiency. There are only a few theoretical analyses done by researchers addressing the hydrodynamic models of magnetic fluids in the blood vessel. This paper presents a mathematical model of the hydrodynamics of the fluid, blood flow, and convective diffusive mass transfer of the species. Here we have tried to analyze a drug delivery method for delivering a drug to a specific site in the body. For this analysis, we have considered a channel bounded by the tissue region where the drug is targeted. An exact analysis of unsteady convective diffusive solute transfer in a channel bounded by a tissue region under the influence of a magnetic field.

CeO2/PANI/MoS2 composite electrode for symmetric supercapacitor application

This work presents, the synthesized CeO2/PANI/MoS2 tri-composite performance as a symmetric electrode material for supercapacitor application. Analysis of XRD and FTIR was performed on the synthesized materials to investigate their crystalline structure and functional groups. The tri-composite SEM morphology shows a sheet-like structure covered with aggregated cerium and polyaniline nanoparticles. The electrochemical performances of the composite were done using the two-electrode symmetric system in 0.5 M of H2SO4. The resultant specific capacitance from the cyclic voltammetry was 177 F/g at 5 mV/s and from galvanostatic charge-discharge was 62 F/g at 0.5 current density. At 5 A/g, the composite demonstrated 98% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. The impedance of the electrode materials was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The tri-composite's solution resistance and transfer resistance values were 3.09 Ω and 0.51 Ω respectively.

Computational studies on the excited state decay rates in aggregates of two‐coordinate Cu (I) complexes: Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Aggregation Induced Emis

AbstractTwo‐coordinate Cu (I) complexes have attracted great interest recently because of the rich photophysical property in solid state, including the aggregation‐induced thermal activated delayed fluorescence. Here, we summarize our theoretical investigations on the excited state structure and decay dynamics for the two‐coordinate Cu (I) complexes in solution phase and solid state by the thermal vibration correlation function rate formalism we developed earlier coupled with time‐dependent density‐functional theory within polarizable continuum model and hybrid quantum and molecular mechanics. First, for the CAACCu (I)Cl complex, we found that the nature of the excited state undergoes a change from metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) in solution to hybrid halogen‐to‐ligand charge transfer and MLCT in solid state. The bending vibrations of the CCuCl and CuCN bonds are restricted in aggregates, reducing the non‐radiative decay rate to cause strong solid‐state fluorescence. Second, for CAACCu (I)Cz, we found that both intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) are enhanced by 2–4 orders of magnitudes upon aggregation, leading to highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The enhanced ISC and rISC rates can be attributed to the increase of the metal proportion in the frontier molecular orbitals, leading to an enhanced spin−orbit coupling between S1 and T1. The reaction barriers for ISC and rISC are much lower in solution than that in aggregate phase resulting in a decrease in energy gap and an increase in the relative reorganization energy through bending the angle ∠C − Cu − N for T1. Our theoretical studies provide a clear rationalization for the highly efficient solid‐state luminescence character of two‐coordinate Cu (I) complexes and may clarify the ongoing dispute on the understanding of the high TADF quantum efficiency.

A simplified model of low Re, immiscible, gas–liquid flow, and heat transfer in porous media numerical solution with experimental validation

ABSTRACT This study investigates the thermohydraulic characteristics of immiscible two-phase downward flow and heat transfer through porous media in a vertical, cylindrical, and homogeneous porous medium numerically and experimentally. The test section is exposed to a constant wall temperature after filled with spherical beads. Numerical solution of the model is achieved by the finite volume method and applied to a single-phase flow model. The numerical results are experimentally validated according to air/water downward flow, spherical beads, a ratio of particle diameter to pipe radius is 0.412, 0.396 porosity, 0.01 ≤ Re ≤ 500, water to air volume ratio range from 0 to ∞, and saturation ratio from 0 to 1. The results show that the average Nu is nearly constant up to Re = 40. At Re > 100, it is recommended to take inertia and friction effects into account by means of Forchheimer–Brinkman’s equation. For single-phase flow (water or air) and two-phase flow mixtures, the local Nu has higher values at the entrance section and decreases as the axial distance increases until it reaches its fully developed value of 4.37 at the end of the thermal entrance length. The comparison between numerical, experimental, and other available previous results shows good agreement and validates the numerical model.

Thermosolutal convection under cross-diffusion effect in SGSP with porous layer

Salt gradient solar pond (SGSP) is a promising alternative for low-temperature industrial applications. Thermal and solutal transfer processes occur simultaneously at SGSP, which induce the cross-diffusive effects and make the internal flow more complicated. In the present work, thermosolutal convection under cross-diffusive effects inside a simplified SGSP enclosure attached with a porous layer are investigated through Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Influences of internal heat generation, buoyancy ratio, thickness and permeability of porous layer combined with Soret and Dufour parameters are considered on the thermal and solutal transport characteristics. Average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as well as mean temperature and concentration are presented to analyze the thermal and solutal transport processes in the SGSP enclosure. Results indicate that Soret effect mainly boosts the solutal transport process, while Dufour effect can greatly enhance both the thermal and solutal transport processes. Internal heat generation can inhibit the thermal and solutal transport processes and reduce the positive influence of Soret and Dufour effect. Buoyancy ratio can boost thermal and solutal transport processes. In the opposing situations (N < 0), Soret effect weakens the thermal transport process, while Dufour effect is reverse. Furthermore, attaching a porous layer at the bottom wall can suppress the thermal and solutal transfer processes, and then increases the thermal storage capacity. Permeability and thickness of porous layer have a significant influence on thermal and solutal transport processes. Present study is beneficial to the thermal storage enhancement and the future development of SGSP.

Embedding the value of coastal ecosystem services into climate change adaptation planning.

Coastal habitats, such as salt marshes and dune systems, can protect communities from hazards by reducing coastline exposure. However, these critical habitats and their diverse ecosystem services are threatened by coastal development and the impacts from a changing climate. Ever increasing pressure on coastal habitats calls for coastal climate adaptation efforts that mitigate or adapt to these pressures in ways that maintain the integrity of coastal landscapes. An important challenge for decisionmakers is determining the best mitigation and adaptation strategies that not only protect human lives and property, but also safeguard the ability of coastal habitats to provide a broad suite of benefits. Here, we present a potential pathway for local-scale climate change adaptation planning through the identification and mapping of natural habitats that provide the greatest benefits to coastal communities. The methodology coupled a coastal vulnerability model with a climate adaptation policy assessment in an effort to identify priority locations for nature-based solutions that reduce vulnerability of critical assets using feasible land-use policy methods. Our results demonstrate the critical role of natural habitats in providing the ecosystem service of coastal protection in California. We found that specific dune habitats play a key role in reducing erosion and inundation of the coastline and that several wetland areas help to absorb energy from storms and provide a protective service for the coast of Marin county, California, USA. Climate change and adaptation planning are globally relevant issues in which the scalability and transferability of solutions must be considered. This work outlines an iterative approach for climate adaptation planning at a local-scale, with opportunity to consider the scalability of an iterative science-policy engagement approach to regional, national, and international levels.

A Rapid Solver for the Prediction of Flow-Field of High-Speed Vehicle Moving in a Tube

High-speed vehicles traveling in a tube with pressures similar to those experienced by aircraft at their maximum altitude are presented. Although the concept resembles Hyperloop, the pressure level investigated here is much higher and safer than that suggested by Hyperloop, and, therefore, the system design is markedly different. Calculating a vehicle’s aerodynamic performance in the initial design stages requires low-budget computational tools to enable iterative design processes. This study presents an algorithm for rapid flow-field prediction based on a one-dimensional Reimann solution, including viscosity and heat transfer effects. The flow-field is divided into near- and far-fields, where the near-field represents the solution directly around the vehicle. The far-field demonstrates the impact of the vehicle’s motion on the vehicle’s flow-field upstream and downstream. Two-dimensional URANS models are compared to the current numerical scheme. The developed algorithm analyzes the flow-field and the propagation of pressure waves along the tube to simulate the vehicle’s movement. The one-dimensional model shows the robustness and predictability of the near and far flow-fields. The results from the developed scheme provide good agreement, with less than a few percent deviations, compared to CFD simulations but with significantly lower computational resources.

Elastico-viscous Buongiorno model nanofluid flow over a stretching sheer with radiative heat transfer phenomena

The current presentation intended for the Walters’ viscoelastic flow of nanofluid over a stretching sheet embedding with permeable medium. Buongiorno model nanofluid associated to both Brownian and thermophoresis affects the flow phenomena because of the communication of the radiative heat as well as the dissipative heat. The reactive species in conjunction with first order chemical reaction enriches the solutal transfer profile. The present study has novel approach because of the current applications in particular the production processes in industries as well as drug delivery system in the flow of blood in artery etc. The assumption of similarity variables is useful for the transformation of the governing equations. Because of the complexity of the problem perturbation technique is employed for the reduction of higher order differential equations to its lower order for the suitable choice of perturbation parameter. Further, shooting based Runge-Kutta technique is used to get the complete numerical solutions. The physical behavior of the effective parameters on the flow phenomenon are obtained and displayed via graphs. The simulated results for the rate coefficients are also deployed via tables. A good correlation is obtained with prior established results to validate the present result. However, the significant characteristics of the important results are; impact of buoyant forces for the conjunction of thermal and solutal buoyancy overshoots the velocity distribution and the fluid temperature augments for the higher values of the thermophoresis parameter whereas reverse impact is rendered for the Brownian motion.

Salt-Induced Transitions in the Conformational Ensembles of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins.

Salts modulate the behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and influence the formation of membraneless organelles through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). In low ionic strength solutions, IDP conformations are perturbed by the screening of electrostatic interactions, independent of the salt identity. In this regime, insight into the IDP behavior can be obtained using the theory for salt-induced transitions in charged polymers. However, salt-specific interactions with the charged and uncharged residues, known as the Hofmeister effect, influence IDP behavior in high ionic strength solutions. There is a lack of reliable theoretical models in high salt concentration regimes to predict the salt effect on IDPs. We propose a simulation methodology using a coarse-grained IDP model and experimentally measured water to salt solution transfer free energies of various chemical groups that allowed us to study the salt-specific transitions induced in the IDPs conformational ensemble. We probed the effect of three different monovalent salts on five IDPs belonging to various polymer classes based on charged residue content. We demonstrate that all of the IDPs of different polymer classes behave as self-avoiding walks (SAWs) at physiological salt concentration. In high salt concentrations, the transitions observed in the IDP conformational ensembles are dependent on the salt used and the IDP sequence and composition. Changing the anion with the cation fixed can result in the IDP transition from a SAW-like behavior to a collapsed globule. An important implication of these results is that a suitable salt can be identified to induce condensation of an IDP through LLPS.

A Meta-Knowledge Transfer-Based Differential Evolution for Multitask Optimization

Knowledge transfer plays a vastly important role in solving multitask optimization problems (MTOPs). Many existing methods transfer task-specific knowledge, such as the high-quality solution from one task to other tasks to enhance the optimization ability, which, however, may not work well or even have a negative effect if the tasks have very different task-specific knowledge. Hence, this article proposes a meta-knowledge transfer (MKT)-based differential evolution (MKTDE) algorithm by using a more general MKT method to solve MTOPs more efficiently. The meta-knowledge defined in this article refers to the knowledge that can evolve task-specific knowledge during the evolutionary search. That is, the meta-knowledge is a kind of “ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">knowledge of knowledge</i> ,” which denotes the knowledge of “ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">how to solve problem via evolution</i> ” and “ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">the feature/way/method of evolving high-quality solution</i> .” The evolutionary search for solving different tasks can share common meta-knowledge even though these tasks involve heterogeneous data and have very different task-specific knowledge. Therefore, the MKT can associate the heterogeneous multisource data of different tasks via transferring the meta-knowledge to help solve MTOPs more efficiently in a more general way. Moreover, to further enhance the MKTDE, two novel and efficient methods are proposed. One is multiple populations for the multiple tasks framework using a unified search space for making knowledge transfer flexibly. The other is an elite solution transfer method for achieving positive high-quality solution transfer. The superior performance of the proposed MKTDE is verified via extensive numerical experiments on both widely used MTOP benchmark problems and real-world robot navigation problems, with comparisons with some state-of-the-art and the latest well-performing algorithms.

Relative Contributions of Pseudohypoxia and Inflammation to Peritoneal Alterations with Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Long-term peritoneal dialysis is associated with alterations in peritoneal function, like the development of high small solute transfer rates and impaired ultrafiltration. Also, morphologic changes can develop, the most prominent being loss of mesothelium, vasculopathy, and interstitial fibrosis. Current research suggests peritoneal inflammation as the driving force for these alterations. In this review, the available evidence for inflammation is examined and a new hypothesis is put forward consisting of high glucose-induced pseudohypoxia. Hypoxia of cells is characterized by a high (oxidized-reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide ratio) NADH-NAD+ ratio in their cytosol. Pseudohypoxia is similar but occurs when excessive amounts of glucose are metabolized, as is the case for peritoneal interstitial cells in peritoneal dialysis. The glucose-induced high NADH-NAD+ ratio upregulates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene, which stimulates not only the glucose transporter-1 gene but also many profibrotic genes like TGFβ, vascular endothelial growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and connective tissue growth factor, all known to be involved in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. This review discusses the causes and consequences of pseudohypoxia in peritoneal dialysis and the available options for treatment and prevention. Reducing peritoneal exposure to the excessively high dialysate glucose load is the cornerstone to avoid the pseudohypoxia-induced alterations. This can partly be done by the use of icodextrin or by combinations of low molecular mass osmotic agents, all in a low dose. The addition of alanyl-glutamine to the dialysis solution needs further clinical investigation.

Effect of Feed Water Temperature on Reverse Osmosis Performance in a Borehole Water Desalination Plant: Numerical and Experimental Validation

Reverse osmosis is a water desalination process with the help of a semi-permeable membrane to deal with the global scenario of water scarcity. The study was performed by installing Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant coupled with photovoltaic (PV) panels in the LPHE-modelling and simulations laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco. The principal purpose of the study was to investigate water quality and its proposed treatment by taking water samples from Ain El Atti, Errachidia, Morocco. Water quality testing confirmed the high value of Total Dissolved Salts (TDS), which made water saline. The current article will provide mathematical modelling of the RO process based on the theory of diffusion and mass transfer of solution. The results of the mathematical simulation model were validated with the help of a series of experiments done in the pilot laboratory. The study also focused on finding the impact of feed water temperature on the thermodynamic parameter of water (i.e., TDS, flow rate (Q), Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), recovery rate (Y), and retention rate (TR)). Finally, a comparison of results of both models and per cent error in results were calculated, which depicted a higher validity of the mathematical model by showing closer proximity of more than 85% of its results with the actual experimental setup.

Sensitivity Analysis for Modeling of Cr(VI) Transfer From Soil to Surface Runoff

Heavy metal contamination in soil has become a serious environmental problem in China, and chromium is one of the major threats to human health. In order to better understand the transfer pattern of heavy metal hexavalent chromium from polluted sites into surface water, the influencing factors that affect solute transfer from soil into the surface runoff with linear and nonlinear adsorption equations based on a two-layer incomplete mixing model were analyzed in this study. The Quasi-Newton method was used to optimize model parameters by fitting with the experimental laboratory data of chromium (Cr(VI)) in surface runoff. The local sensitivity analysis and the Morris global sensitivity analysis approaches were used to assess the parameter importance of rainfall intensity p, the thickness of the mixing layer hmix, incomplete mixing parameter α and γ, the soil adsorption parameters, and the initial soil water content θ0. The study results showed that the optimized nonlinear models were better consistent with the experimental results than the linear adsorption equation model. The results of global sensitivity indicated that rainfall intensity p was the main factor influencing Cr(VI) transport from the soil into surface runoff. The hmix and the α in the two-layer model were vital parameters that influenced such transport processes. Moreover, the soil adsorption properties and the θ0 had the lowest effects on runoff Cr(VI) loss. The results indicate that for controlling pollution migration in surface runoff, it is essential to focus on the analysis of precipitation conditions and soil properties that control the thickness of the mixing layer and the degree of mixing.

Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into cyclopentanone

ABSTRACT Mole fraction solubilities have been measured for anthracene, benzoic acid, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-methylbenzoic acid, 3-methylbenzoic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid and pyrene dissolved in cyclopentanone at 298.15 K using either spectrophotometric or acid-base titrimetric methods. Results of our experimental measurements, combined with published solubility data for several inorganic and organic gases, solubility data for several important crystalline pharmaceutical intermediates and activity coefficient data taken from the published literature, were used to derive Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into anhydrous cyclopentanone solvent from both water and from the gas phase. The derived Abraham model correlations back-calculate the observed experimental data to within 0.10 log units (or less). Reported for the first time are solute descriptor values for several important pharmaceutical intermediates.

ЧИСЛЕННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ НАПРЯЖЁННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ МЕТАЛЛОКОНСТРУКЦИЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ИНТЕРПОЛЯНТОВ

The work is devoted to carrying out multidimensional interpolation and approximation methods for the numerical solution of differential equations and computer model development of the stress-strain state of metal structures. The core of the work is a fundamental computational algorithm for the numerical solution of differential equations using geometric interpolants on regular and irregular networks. On its basis, computational experiments are carried out on numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of operated reservoirs for storing petroleum products, which form a software package implemented in the Maple interpreter. At the same time, the differential equation for modelling the stress-strain state of an elastic cylindrical shell under axisymmetric loading is improved for the numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of a cylindrical reservoir with geometric imperfections. Also a new approach is proposed to take into consideration the initial conditions of the differential equation, which consists of parallel transfer of the numerical solution to the point, its coordinates correspond to the initial conditions. The advantage of the proposed approach for the numerical solution of differential equations using geometric interpolants is that it eliminates the need to coordinate geometric information in the process of interaction between CAD and FEA systems, by analogy with the isogeometric method.

Photoactivatable CRISPR/Cas12a Strategy for One-Pot DETECTR Molecular Diagnosis.

As a golden partner of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), CRISPR/Cas12a has been proven to solve the false-positive problem caused by nonspecific amplification perfectly; meanwhile, its trans-cleave activity has further enhanced the sensitivity. However, the solution transfer operation after tube cap opening greatly increases the risk of aerosol contamination of amplicon, which is inconsistent with point-of-care (POC) diagnostics requirements. This study proposes a photoactivated CRISPR/Cas12a strategy to achieve one-pot high-sensitivity nucleic acid detection. Using photocleavable complementary ssDNA to block crRNA, RPA amplification can smoothly pass through the exponential interval without being affected by activated Cas12a in the critical early stage. After enough amplicons were produced, the Cas12a test was activated by short bursts of ultraviolet radiation at 365 nm. This one-pot method achieved a sensitivity of 2.5 copies within 40 min. This simple and sensitive one-pot method can effectively avoid amplicon contamination and lower the threshold for molecular diagnostics in POC.

Analysis of Continuous Bioadsorptive Removal of Cadmium in the Light of Circular Economy and Sustainability

The presented study is an experimentation on bioadsorption of cadmium on lentil husk (LH) stacked in fixed bed column reactor. Here the concept of circular economy is integrated to demonstrate its compliance with biological adsorption. In addition sustainability evaluation of the work has been done with respect to environmental, economical and executional procedure. As regard to experimentation adsorption capacity, percentage adsorption and breakthrough time all found to be dependent on the variation of design parameters. Sorbate (cadmium) concentration in treated effluents was inversely proportional to bed height and directly related to flow rate owing to prolonged interaction with metal binding sites. Adsorption capacity (164.25 mg g−1) peaked up at highest feed concentration due to formation of concentration gradient, overcoming the resistance offered during transfer of solute. Desorption was fruitful (up to ~96%) and the fixed bed regained its performing capacity successively. Industrial effluents were reclaimed with high accuracy for considerable duration.