Technology Transfer Research Articles

Technology Transfer and Imitation in a Cournot Oligopoly

AbstractI examine and compare patent licensing by fixed fee and unit royalty under Cournot competition. I consider licensing by an incumbent patent holder to one or two other competing firms that can obtain a patented technological improvement through technology transfer or imitation. Assuming that imitation is perfect, certain, instantaneous, and non-infringing, I analyze the effects of licensing on market structure, firms’ individual profits, and consumer surplus. This provides a theoretical framework that explains when technology licensing is superior to imitation for both firms and consumers, what is the optimal licensing choice for firms, and how imitation affects firms’ licensing behavior and competition in a highly concentrated industry. In particular, I show that licensing through a unit royalty is preferable to licensing through a fixed fee for a patent holder, while licensing through a fixed fee is at least as beneficial as licensing through a unit royalty for consumers. Moreover, the patent holder can use licensing to prevent imitation, but cannot use it selectively to affect competition, at least before the patent expires and when one of the competing firms can imitate. I contribute to the literature that considers the patent holder as a producer by showing how technology licensing can affect competition and improve consumer surplus in oligopolistic industries. This is important for policy makers to identify when technology licensing is used strategically to transfer surplus from consumers to producers.

Transfers in climate action teams

AbstractResource transfers are integral parts of climate negotiations as they affect incentives to participate in climate agreements. Whether to use transfers contingent on observing low emissions or on investment in green compliance technology is an open question. Using a repeated-game model with investment in green technology and resource transfers, we find that, because investments take time to fully affect emission incentives, there is a tradeoff. Investment-based agreements, where transfers are provided before emissions are realized but after investments have been undertaken, maximize the scope of cooperation. Emissions-based agreements, however, minimize the size of transfers whenever they foster cooperation.

Efekty spillover chińskich inwestycji zagranicznych w Angoli i Zambii

SPILLOVER EFFECT OF THE CHINESE FDI IN ANGOLA AND ZAMBIAIn recent years, Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa has attracted interest from both academia and the wider political world. Some postulate that Chinese companies – unlike Western corporations – have greater potential to initiate and carry out the structural transformation of the continent. Some researchers even indicate that thanks to the inflow of Chinese FDI, Africa may become “the next factory of the world”. The aim of this article is to analyse external effects (also called spillover effects) related to Chinese FDI in Africa using the examples of Angola and Zambia. According to the current state of knowledge, spillover effects are the most desirable effects of FDI in the host country, because the related increase in the productivity of local enterprises is key to the occurrence of structural transformation in local economies. The subject of the analysis presented in this article are three aspects (determinants) of spillover effects: (i) the potential of Chinese FDI to generate spillover effects, (ii) the absorptive capacity of local companies and (iii) local institutional settings favouring the occurrence of spillover effects. The findings indicate that due to the existence of weak and few linkages between foreign investors and local firms, spillover effects occur rarely and are relatively small. They are also not sufficient to initiate the transfer of valuable knowledge and technology. The presented research results were based on over 150 in-depth interviews and two rounds of surveys conducted among Chinese investors, Angolan and Zambian companies and representatives of local authorities.

Management Economic Systems and Governance to Reduce Potential Risks in Digital Silk Road Investments: Legal Cooperation between Hainan Free Trade Port and Ethiopia

This research explores the interplay between innovation, economic systems, governance structures, and law, and how they interact with one another in the context of China and Ethiopia’s investments in the Digital Silk Road. The way cutting-edge methods related to governance and economic systems might help lower the risks involved in major infrastructure projects, like the Digital Silk Road, particularly in light of law and 5G developments, is investigated. China–Africa connections are to be strengthened, sustainable development is to be encouraged, and healthy economic progress is the goal of the partnership between Ethiopia and the Hainan Free Trade Port. The impact of these transnational investments on fair growth and sustainable development is assessed, while exploring the evolving agendas and procedures governing investments. This research draws attention to how the law and legal cooperation between Ethiopia and China may promote mutually advantageous outcomes, promote transparency and governance mechanisms, and lessen the likelihood of disputes. This research on the factors influencing the future of the Digital Silk Road and its consequences for long-term, sustainable economic growth, and business in the area, aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, development professionals, and academics, and for the copromotion of China and Ethiopia in terms of digital investment. This research relates to the promotion of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), in terms of construction and economic development. It also examines how the DSR raises concerns about data security and privacy, cross-border transactions, technology transfer, and cyberterrorism, as well as encourages digital investment, such as through enhancing digital governance regulations, modernizing international investment agreements (IIAs), and bolstering global health, coordination, and cooperation; the article concludes by analyzing the implications for Africa. The findings show that such cooperation would support Africa’s digital transformation and sustainable development, while strengthening China–Africa cooperation.

Thermal analysis of constant surface area tapered helical Coils: Insights from numerical modelling

Helical coils are integral to numerous engineering and domestic applications, from room heaters and vehicle suspensions to nuclear reactors, owing to their high surface area-to-volume ratio that facilitates efficient heat transfer. This study investigates the natural convection heat transfer characteristics of tapered helical coils under radiative heat loss, focusing on both straight and inverted configurations, within an unconfined air medium. The numerical simulations were validated against experimental results with a maximum deviation of 5 % before proceeding to establish the numerical findings. The analysis considers geometric parameters such as non-dimensional pitch (p*), cone angle (θ), and emissivity (ε), along with Rayleigh number (Ra), to elucidate their impact on average Nusselt number (Nu), mass flow rate of air through the coil core, and heat transfer mechanisms. Results reveal distinct behaviors for straight and inverted coils, with varying Ra and θ influencing heat transfer dynamics and airflow patterns. Notably, inverted coils exhibit enhanced heat transfer characteristics compared to straight coils. For straight coils, Nu initially decreases with increasing θ at lower Ra but rises beyond a critical θ at higher Ra due to independent heat dissipation by the coil turns. When θ changes from 0° to 50° at p* = 6, the change in average Nu is approximately 3 % and 10 % for Ra = 108 and 104 respectively. In contrast, for inverted coils, Nu increases with θ across all Ra, owing to the wider top opening facilitating airflow. Furthermore, empirical correlations are developed to predict Nu based on key parameters, achieving high accuracy with deviations of ± 6 % and ± 4 % for straight and inverted coils, respectively. These correlations provide robust tools for optimizing thermal management in diverse applications. Overall, this study contributes significant insights into tapered coil performance, essential for advancing heat transfer technology and design optimization.

Unraveling the impact of patent transfers on regional innovation: Empirical insights through the lens of entity relationships

Over the past two decades, the market for patent transfers (PT) has experienced substantial growth in China, driven by the expansion of main relationship types, including inter-firm, industry-university-research (IUR), and individual-to-firm PTs. This growth raises critical questions regarding the influence of these diverse PT types on regional innovation. Utilizing data mining on 1,914,750 PT events, this study constructs panel data models for China's 31 provinces from 2011 to 2020, investigating the presence, dimensions, effect decomposition, and threshold determinations of PTs on regional innovation. Findings reveal heterogeneous impacts of PT types on innovation, with individual-to-firm PT being most effective and IUR PTs the least. Among the dimensions of impact, PT strength demonstrates the most circumscribed promotional effect, predominantly within patent inflows, and particularly hinders IUR PTs due to market frictions. The importance of PT breadth mainly appears in patent outflows, suggesting geographic expansion of PT enhances innovation remuneration, critical for sustaining innovation momentum in hub provinces. PT depth uniformly affects innovation across all PT categories irrespective of patent inflows or outflows, underscoring the significance of diversified technology transfers. A universal observation across PT types is that surpassing regional thresholds of digitalization significantly amplifies the promotion of PT on regional innovation.

Performance Improvement of Wireless Power Transfer System for Sustainable EV Charging Using Dead-Time Integrated Pulse Density Modulation Approach

The recent developments in electric vehicle (EV) necessities the requirement of a human intervention free charging system for safe and reliable operation. Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology shows promising options to automate the charging process with user convenience. However, the operation of the WPT system is designed to operate at a high-frequency (HF) range, which requires proper control and modulation technique to improve the performance of power electronic modules. This paper proposes a dead-time (DT) integrated Pulse Density Modulation (PDM) technique to provide better control with minimal voltage and current ripples at the switches. The proposed technique is investigated using a LCC-LCL compensated WPT system, which predominantly affects the high-frequency voltage and current ripples. The performance analysis is studied at different density conditions to explore the impact of the integrated PDM approach. Moreover, the PDM technique gives better control over the power transfer at different levels of load requirement. The simulation and experimental analysis was performed for a 3.7 kW WPT prototype test system under different modes of operation of the high-frequency power converters. Both the simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PDM technique effectively enhances the efficiency of the HF inverter while significantly reducing output current ripples, power dissipation and improving the overall WPT system efficiency to 92%, and leading to a reduction in the power loss in the range of 10% to 20%. This leads to improved overall system control and performance.

Transfer Teknologi Pengolahan Sosis Ikan Thok Bagi Kelompok Masyarakat Gampong Neuheun, Kecamatan Mesjid Raya, Kabupaten Aceh Besar

The technology transfer program for processing Thok fish sausages has been implemented for the fisherwomen in Gampong Neuheun. Based on interviews, the main issues faced are the lack of skills in using materials, tools, and technology for processing Thok fish products. Additionally, the absence of a coordinating business entity for fish processing reduces community motivation. The aim of this activity is to provide Thok fish sausage processing technology to the fisherwomen in Gampong Neuheun. The implementation methods include surveys, socialization, and training, with evaluations through pre-tests and post-tests. Results show a 90% increase in skills and knowledge, as well as an 85% increase in motivation. This training facilitates the management of fish catches during the harvest season.

Modelling Soil Moisture Balance for Okra Cultivars in Makurdi Agro Climate Using Decision Support System for Agro Technology Transfer (DSSAT)

Abstract: Soil moisture balance from okra (abelmoschus esculentus) field was performed on experimental plot of the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Joseph Sanwuan Tarka University Makurdi -Nigeria. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted on four okra cultivars planted and irrigated by drip system at different levels (80% (I1), 60% (I2), 45% (I3), and 15% (I4)) according to the agronomic practices of okra. Decision Support System for agro technology Transfer (DSSAT) model for the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES) was used to model soil moisture balance by linear regression (multivariate analysis of variance, (MANOVA)) and validated. The soil was sandy loam with high field capacity (FC) at I4 and nearly uniform drainage (D) except for I4.. Runoff (R) decreases from 35.71 for I1 to 0.07 for I4 implying that R, D and change in water storage (∆S) are functions of the amount and duration of irrigation. The models reported an acceptable deviation from the ideal line of the R and ∆S at higher values confirming degree of the correlation between the observed and predicted dataset but experienced difficulties with estimating lower values due to lower magnitudes in irrigation. From the foregoing it is concluded that decreasing water application results in an increase in irrigation and the reverse is also true.

The role of sustainability and SDGs in patent valuation

There is an urgent demand for developing and adopting environmentally sound technologies (ESTs). This article studies the existing methodologies for incorporating sustainability considerations into the complex field of patent valuation, focusing on start-ups and growth companies. Due to the agility and innovative potential, growth companies play a pivotal role in advancing ESTs, and patents serve as crucial instruments in facilitating technology transfer, provided that effective patent valuation processes are in place. The article shows the diversity of guidelines and standards available for patent valuation, highlighting that they provide valuable non-binding frameworks. However, the study reveals that most existing patent valuation standards do not explicitly address sustainability concerns, except for the World Intellectual Capital Initiative (WICI), which is actively engaged in the sustainability discourse. Overall, the challenge is how companies observe sustainability in the valuation process. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emerge as a global framework that can guide patent valuation practices. The article highlights the need for patent valuation guidelines to embrace sustainability as an integral component, ensuring that sustainability and ESTs are integrated throughout every phase of the patent life cycle. Acknowledging that start-ups and growing companies often face financial constraints and need guidance in their valuation practices is crucial.

Microdosimetric measurements for LET monitoring in proton therapy. The development of engineered mini-TEPCs for clinical applications: First results

Innovative Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) in proton therapy based on a variable radiation quality with depth with respect to the conventional one with a fixed Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 are under study. Experimental methods are needed to verify the consistency between what is planned and what is delivered in terms of radiation quality. Microdosimetry studies the stochastics of the energy deposition process at micrometric and sub-micrometric level which is known to be related to the biological effectiveness of ionising radiation fields. For this reason, it is recognised by the scientific community that it is a useful tool to monitor the radiation quality of hadron therapy beams where the effectiveness varies with the penetration depth in patients. Detectors are needed to perform a microdosimetric characterization of a clinical beam and they need to satisfy specific requirements to enter the clinical practice as instruments for the Quality Assurance (QA). With this aim, at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN) a technological transfer project was carried out with the final goal of developing engineered miniaturized Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counters (mini-TEPCs) for clinical applications. This work presents the characterization performed on the new detectors and the results obtained in neutron and proton fields.

Cross-country analysis of the effectiveness of commercialization of scientific research results

The objective of this research is to undertake a comparative analysis of methodologies for evaluating the efficacy of research commercialization across diverse nations, focusing particularly on the United States, Australia, Canada, South Korea, the European Union, and Kazakhstan. The study methodology involved a comparative analysis, commencing with an exhaustive examination of academic and practical resources to pinpoint key organizations involved in research commercialization within the specified countries. Subsequently, after the selection of countries and a systematic scrutiny of these organizations' activities, the methodology endorsed by the Alliance of Technology Transfer Professionals (ATTP) was employed to compare and assess commercialization efficiency across varied nations. Results of the study: the study outcomes unveiled common trends and effective assessment approaches, while also identifying deficiencies in Kazakhstan's commercialization evaluation system and offering recommendations for enhancement. The assessment of commercialization metrics in Kazakhstan is hindered by the paucity of comprehensive data, rendering comparisons with global benchmarks, including the ATTP methodology, challenging. However, concerted collaboration among governmental bodies, research institutions, and industrial stakeholders could surmount these hurdles and foster innovative entrepreneurship within the nation. The adoption of alternative research methodologies such as environmental functioning analysis models or regression analysis may enable a more profound evaluation of commercialization efficiency in Kazakhstan, notwithstanding data constraints.

Analysis of low-carbon technology transfer strategies based on a quadrilateral evolutionary game

Promoting low-carbon technology transfer is crucial for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and fostering sustainable development. Based on the “efficient market” and “active government” concepts, a “government-intermediary-receiver-sender” game model was constructed, identifying evolutionary stable strategies and key factors affecting strategy selection. It was found that (1) receiver and sender needs and government policy incentives increase intermediaries' willingness to participate, reducing input costs and shifting government support from incentives to compensatory regulations; (2) optimal strategies emerge when incentives for low-carbon technology senders, receivers, and intermediaries, and penalties for serious defaults by senders and receivers exceed a threshold, fostering high participation willingness and leading to government implementation of compensatory regulations; (3) differentiated penalties are necessary to avoid a sender-receiver prisoner's dilemma but only ensure one side's willingness to participate, while government incentive-based regulation can overcome negative constraints and promote active participation from both sender and receiver. Compensatory regulations encourage sustained technology transfer costs and reduce incentive costs, with optimization focusing on lowering government publicity costs and increasing economic benefits for intermediaries.

The evolving role of technology transfer offices in the entrepreneurial university: Go-betweens or playmakers?

AbstractTechnology transfer offices (TTOs) play an increasingly important role in universities, supporting researchers in translating science knowledge into commercially and socially valuable outcomes. However, the literature is limited regarding how TTOs support the technology transfer process. This study contributes deeper insight into the role of TTOs in facilitating knowledge transfer outcomes. A case study of life science commercialization in Australasian universities drew on depth interviews with senior TTO managers and industry experts, on longitudinal participant observation within a life science intermediary business to inform about supply side elements, and on secondary data. The findings emphasise the effects of wider institutional change on quintuple helix (5H) stakeholders, i.e., the environment, society, government, universities, and industry. Financialization and competition places growing demands on universities for commercializable intellectual property (IP) production. In response, TTOs have built competencies in translational engagement (trust and reputation building and boundary spanning) and value co-creation (service quality management and de-risking). Those competencies translate to a five-stage process of technology transfer facilitation: (1) Identifying, (2) assessing, (3) protecting, (4) promoting and (5) profiting. In the complex context of life science innovation, innovation networks benefit from investment in university outreach, stakeholder relationship building, tax credits, and fund matching with transnational corporations. To ensure optimal social and commercial outcomes independent oversight of the process should be maintained, by representatives from all 5H stakeholders.

The Impact Analysis on Productivity Enhancement of Blackgram through Front Line Demonstration in Chandel District of Manipur State

Background: Blackgram is the major pulse crop cultivated all over the India. The crop is resistant to unfavourable weather patterns and helps in enhancing soil fertility. It is a significant component of the Indian diet since it provides vegetable protein and balances the diet. About 26 per cent of it is protein, which is nearly three times more than cereal and other vitamins and minerals. In addition, it is utilised as nutrient-rich fodder, particularly for dairy cattle. A significant obstacle to expanding blackgram production in Chandel district, Manipur State is the technology gap. Frontline demonstration (FLD), is one of the most significant and effective methods for technology transfer. By using the newest technologies, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Chandel’s interventions aim to boost productivity and production. Methods: The study on Blackgram var. PU-31 under rainfed farming situations of Chandel district, Manipur was carried out by ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Chandel, during Kharif 2017 to 2022 with the objectives to increase production and productivity of pulse in the district conducted in the farmers’ field for 118 hectares of land with all the scientific package of practices. Result: The average grain yield of 776.50 kg/ha was obtained in the demonstration plot with 38.13 per cent increase in yield over farmers practices. The technological and extension gap were 723.50 kg/ha and 214.33 kg/ha respectively. Similarly, technological index was decreased from 50.33 percent to 44.53 percent during the study period, revealing satisfactory performance of technological interventions which can further be improved by bridging the gaps with more efficient research and extension services.

Comparison of Use Rates of Telehealth Services for Substance Use Disorder During and Following COVID-19 Safety Distancing Recommendations: Two Cross-Sectional Surveys.

The COVID-19 social distancing guidelines resulted in a dramatic transition to telephone and video technologies to deliver substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Before COVID-19, the question was "Will telehealth ever take hold for SUD services?" Now that social distancing guidelines have been lifted, the question is "Will telehealth remain a commonly used care modality?" The principal purpose of this investigation was to examine the extent to which telehealth use in SUD service settings persisted following the lifting of COVID-19 safety distancing recommendations. Additionally, the study aimed to explore practitioners' perceptions of telehealth convenience and value after its regular implementation during the pandemic. Specifically, the goal of this study was to compare telehealth activity between time intervals: May-August 2020 (during peak COVID-19 safety distancing recommendations) and October-December 2022 (following discontinuation of distancing recommendations). Specifically, we compared (1) telehealth technologies and services, (2) perceived usefulness of telehealth, (3) ease of use of telephone- and video-based telehealth services, and (4) organizational readiness to use telehealth. An online cross-sectional survey consisting of 108 items was conducted to measure the use of telehealth technologies for delivering a specific set of SUD services in the United States and to explore the perceived readiness for use and satisfaction with telephonic and video services. The survey took approximately 25-35 minutes to complete and used the same 3 sets of questions and 2 theory-driven scales as in a previous cross-sectional survey conducted in 2020. Six of 10 Regional Addiction Technology Transfer Centers funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration distributed the survey in their respective regions, collectively spanning 37 states. Responses of administrators and clinicians (hereafter referred to as staff) from this 2022 survey were compared to those obtained in the 2020 survey. Responses in 2020 and 2022 were anonymous and comprised two separate samples; therefore, an accurate longitudinal model could not be analyzed. A total of 375 staff responded to the 2022 survey (vs 457 in 2020). Baseline organizational characteristics of the 2022 sample were similar to those of the 2020 sample. Phone and video telehealth utilization rates remained greater than 50% in 2022 for screening and assessment, case management, peer recovery support services, and regular outpatient services. The perceived usefulness of phone-based telehealth was higher in 2022 than in 2020 (mean difference [MD] -0.23; P=.002), but not for video-based telehealth (MD -0.12; P=.13). Ease of use of video-based telehealth was perceived as higher in 2022 than in 2020 (MD-0.35; P<.001), but no difference was found for phone-based telehealth (MD -0.12; P=.11). From the staff's perspective, patients had greater readiness for using telehealth via phone than video, but the staff perceived their personal and organizational readiness for using telehealth as greater for video-based than for phone-based telehealth. Despite lower telephone and video use in 2022 for telehealth services than in 2020, both modalities continue to be perceived positively. Future research may further determine the relative cost and clinical effectiveness of video-based services and thereby help to address some sources of the noted challenges to implementation by SUD organizations.

A review of ceramic nanofluids and their applications

Various heat transfer technologies necessitate effective source-to-sink and sink-to-source heat transfer control. Nanoparticles are one of the hot topics in the industrial industry. It has caught a lot of attention because of its benefits. Nanoparticles are small, with a range of 1–100 nm. Despite their small size, their properties are excellent in terms of thermal properties, heat transfer, tribology properties, and many more. There are many types of nanoparticles, and different types of nanoparticles have their excellent properties and performances. This article mainly focuses on ceramic nanoparticles’ performances, preparation methods, stability, thermophysical properties, and applications. Numerous uses of nanoparticles are made possible in several industries because of their regulated size, surface functionalization, porosity, surface area-to-volume ratio, and excellent heat transfer. Based on the information in the literature, the current contribution intends to describe the most recent advancements in ceramic nanofluids’ preparation, characterization, and stability. This article mainly focuses on ceramic nanoparticles’ performances, preparation methods, stability, thermophysical properties, and applications. The discussion ends with applications of nanofluids, which will guide future work on creating very stable nanofluids.

Model-predicted brain temperature computational imaging by multimodal noninvasive functional neuromonitoring of cerebral oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics: MRI-derived and clinical validation.

Brain temperature, a crucial yet under-researched neurophysiological parameter, is governed by the equilibrium between cerebral oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics. Therapeutic hypothermia has been demonstrated as an effective intervention for acute brain injuries, enhancing survival rates and prognosis. The success of this treatment hinges on the precise regulation of brain temperature. However, the absence of comprehensive brain temperature monitoring methods during therapy, combined with a limited understanding of human brain heat transmission mechanisms, significantly hampers the advancement of hypothermia-based neuroprotective therapies. Leveraging the principles of bioheat transfer and MRI technology, this study conducted quantitative analyses of brain heat transfer during mild hypothermia therapy. Utilizing MRI, we reconstructed brain structures, estimated cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption parameters, and developed a brain temperature calculation model founded on bioheat transfer theory. Employing computational cerebral hemodynamic simulation analysis, we established an intracranial arterial fluid dynamics model to predict brain temperature variations across different therapeutic hypothermia modalities. We introduce a noninvasive, spatially resolved, and optimized mathematical bio-heat model that synergizes model-predicted and MRI-derived data for brain temperature prediction and imaging. Our findings reveal that the brain temperature images generated by our model reflect distinct spatial variations across individual participants, aligning with experimentally observed temperatures.

Development of a multi-level assistive technology focused technology translation training program

ABSTRACT A three-level training intervention was developed using the Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) to increase technology transfer of rehabilitation technologies to market. Thirty-two teams completed Level 1, 14 completed Level 2, and 6 completed Level 3. The validated Technology Transfer Readiness Assessment Tool (TTRAT) measured teams’ technology transfer progress and the effectiveness of the training program. Teams that completed at least two training levels demonstrated increased technology transfer readiness. Additional team outcomes include receiving other federal awards, FDA designations, and generating sales. Future work includes measuring teams’ progress relative to participant demographics and developing additional training content based on gaps in technology transfer readiness. The multi-level training initiative shows it is a promising foundation for training researchers and aspiring entrepreneurs on technology transfer and subsequent technology transfer outcomes.

Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Calon Guru: Konsep, Integrasi, dan Evaluasinya dalam Pembelajaran

This community service aims to increase students' knowledge and transformational leadership skills so that they can apply transformational leadership when carrying out learning practices in the classroom in the future. Nineteen students participated in the activity, but only 18 completed the evaluation. The science and technology transfer team includes the concepts and dimensions of transformational leadership, integration strategies for transformational leadership using scientific learning models, and how to evaluate students' transformational leadership. The three sciences and technologies were transferred using three methods, namely lectures and discussions, exercises, as well as presentations and reflections. The team evaluated service activities (pre test-post test) using seven open questions developed from the dimensions of transformational leadership developed by Carless et al. (2000). The results showed an average increase in understanding of transformational leadership in the medium category (0.3 &lt;0.7). The highest increase was in the second dimension, namely team development, with a value of 0.70. Meanwhile, the dimension with the lowest increase was charismatic, with a value of 0.30. The other five dimensions are in the value range of 0.47-0.65 or are included in the medium category. In the future, service can be expanded by evaluating students' transformational leadership from the perspective of team/group members in learning activities to provide a more operational evaluation perspective on students' transformational leadership experiences.