Technology Transfer Research Articles

Enhancement of physiology via adaptive transcription.

The enhancement of complex physiological functions such as cognition and exercise performance in healthy individuals represents a challenging goal. Adaptive transcription programs that are naturally activated in animals to mediate cellular plasticity in response to stimulation can be leveraged to enhance physiological function above wild-type levels in young organisms and counteract complex functional decline in aging. In processes such as learning and memory and exercise-dependent muscle remodeling, a relatively small number of molecules such as certain stimulus-responsive transcription factors and immediate early genes coordinate widespread changes in cellular physiology. Adaptive transcription can be targeted by various methods including pharmaceutical compounds and gene transfer technologies. Important problems for leveraging adaptive transcription programs for physiological enhancement include a better understanding of their dynamical organization, more precise methods to influence the underlying molecular components, and the integration of adaptive transcription into multi-scale physiological enhancement concepts.

Pendampingan Teknis Teknologi Tepat Guna Budidaya Udang Vaname Skala Kecil di Desa Pengambengan, Jembrana, Bali

Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is one of Indonesia's fishery commodities with high economic value in the domestic and foreign markets. They are applying appropriate technology through small-scale shrimp farming aimed to transfer technology in partner villages from traditional to intensive systems. This program was an effort to improve the welfare of the fishery community in Desa Pengambengan, Jembrana, Bali. This program was carried out in May‒July 2022, and it involved the Mina Jaya Fish Cultivator Group as the target community. The activity program was carried out through several stages, including audience activity, counseling, technical assistance, and monitoring and evaluation. The activity succeeded in increasing the knowledge and skills of the target community regarding vaname shrimp cultivation in detail. Technical assistance for cultivation activities has increased community understanding of small-scale intensive shrimp cultivation, minimizing errors and increasing program success. Monitoring and evaluation are carried out to determine the sustainability of activities in the target community. This community service activity has succeeded in increasing the productivity of Pacific white shrimp cultivation and technology transfer from the traditional system to a small-scale intensive system.

Innovation, Global Competitiveness and Human Development Index: EU Cluster Case

This study investigates the effects of innovation on global competitiveness within the framework of the EU13 and EU15 countries. Using a Pooled Driscoll and Kraay regression analysis that takes into account unit and time effects, the research illuminates the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI), which represents Global Competitiveness, Research Expenditure, the Number of Researchers, the Number of Patents, and the Human Capital Index. The findings reveal that while the number of researchers and research expenditure lack a statistically significant effect on HDI in both groups, a significant positive correlation was found between HDI and both the number of patents and human capital. More specifically, for EU13 countries, an increase in the number of patents and human capital leads to respective increases of 0.005 and 0.04 in the HDI, while for EU15 countries, these figures stand at 0.0008 and 0.03 respectively. The study concludes that investment strategies aimed at enhancing human capital and increasing the number of patent applications can notably improve global competitiveness. For EU13 countries, in particular, greater effort in the mentioned areas is needed to narrow the gap with their EU15 counterparts. In addition, despite the indirect impact on competitiveness, it is recommended for EU13 countries to boost their R&D investments and foster technological transfer to enhance their innovation capabilities. The findings from this study underscore the pivotal role of innovation in achieving global competitiveness and suggest a need for stronger collaboration within the European Union, particularly in scientific and technological fields, to facilitate knowledge and skill exchange.

Two-Way Single-Photon Laser Time Transfer for High-Speed Moving Platforms

The two-way laser time transfer technology, based on single-photon detection, is among the techniques requiring the least weight and power consumption for ultra-long-distance clock synchronization. It holds promise as the most viable technology for high-accuracy inter-satellite clock synchronization, particularly for small satellites that are highly sensitive to weight and power consumption. In this study, we analyze laser time transfer in fast-moving platforms and find that not only does the relative motion speed between platforms significantly impact the clock offset measurement, but also the components of each platform’s relative motion velocity are critical. We introduce a lightweight scenario for laser time transfer, capable of achieving high-precision and high-accuracy interstellar clock offset measurements within a 5000 km range using high repetition rate microchip lasers and single-pixel single-photon detectors. With a speed accuracy of ±0.06 m/s, the precision of clock offset measurement surpasses 3 ps at full width at half maximum (FWHM), making it suitable for high-speed and high-precision clock synchronization between near-Earth satellites.

Photonics Research Interview with Professor Yidong Huang

This interview article features Professor Yidong Huang, a pioneering scientist and exceptional community leader in optoelectronics, whose contributions extend beyond academia into entrepreneurship and leadership. As part of a new series launched by Photonics Research, this interview aims to highlight the journeys and achievements of prominent women in optics and photonics. Through insightful reflections, Professor Huang discusses her scientific journey, including the challenges she encountered, her proudest achievements, and her vision for the future of optoelectronics. She also shares advice for young researchers, strategies for maintaining work–life balance, and experiences with technology transfer from academia to industry.

Synthesis of Ultrathin Film PEGDMA Hydrogels Coated onto Different Surfaces by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma: Characterization and Potential Features for the Biomedical Field

AbstractThe preparation of resistant ultrathin film (utf) hydrogels coated onto different working surfaces (e.g., fabrics) is paying increasing attention as an advantageous strategy for customizing their resultant properties. More specifically, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based utf‐hydrogels are relevant for their superior biocompatibility or antibiofouling properties. However, promoting the generation of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) cross‐links ideally without the use of initiators or other cross‐link agents, which might compromise the final bioactivity of the system, is complicated. Moreover, the actual synthesis techniques used for the preparation of such utf‐hydrogels face important drawbacks like high scale‐up costs or important geometrical restrictions, completely hindering its technological transfer. Herein, for the first time and easy and technologically scalable technology is reported for the synthesis and direct deposition of PEGDMA400 utf‐hydrogels onto different substrates based on atmospheric pressure nanosecond pulsed plasma approach. The advantages of the technology are explored and discussed, reporting the ready‐to‐use transparent coating of fabrics. After washing the samples using washing programs of a commercial laundry machine, coatings are still well adhered, showing excellent stability. Finally, the resultant properties of PEGDMA400 utf‐hydrogels are exhaustively characterized using in operando conditions in order to elucidate their potential capabilities in the biomedical field.

Foreign Direct Investment and Its Effect on Agricultural Productivity Kenya

Kenya has historically been one of Africa's top destinations for foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment is critical for Kenya's agricultural sector, offering capital, technology transfer, and skill development that enhance productivity and economic growth. Despite agriculture being a primary economic driver, challenges such as limited capital, outdated farming techniques, and insufficient infrastructure continue to hinder growth. The research explores the contribution of foreign direct investment on agricultural productivity in Kenya as well as to assess the effect of foreign direct investment on the productivity levels of small-scale and large-scale farmers in Kenya for a period 1993 to 2022. Neoclassical growth theory, Endogenous theory were key in guiding the study. This study adapted the causal research design employing time series data from World Bank spanning from years 1993 to 2022. Data was analyzed the data both descriptively and by inferential statistics. The findings of correlational analysis revealed a moderate positive relationships (r= 0.3213) between Foreign direct investment and agricultural productivity. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant positive effect of foreign direct investment on agricultural productivity with a coefficient of 0.3661 and p value 0.0014<0.05. This signifies that, in the short term, a 1% increase in foreign direct investment results in a 36.61% rise in the growth of Agricultural productivity, assuming all other variables remain constant. The findings implied that foreign direct investment inflow has the ability to create employment, technological development and improve access to international markets playing a pivotal role in accelerating the agricultural productivity. The Kenyan government should have more effective foreign direct investment strategies to facilitate technology transfer agreements between foreign investors and local agricultural enterprises, additionally, the government should pursue macroeconomic policies that attract foreign direct investment by providing an investor-friendly environment.

Exploring Vessels from the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry in Design of Deep-Sea Mining Vessels

_ In this paper, vessels from the offshore oil and gas industry are explored in the conceptual design of value-robust deep-sea mining vessel solutions. The responsive systems comparison method is applied in a case addressing two hypothetical stakeholders: a mining company and a vessel operator. Their value propositions are outlined and pave the ground for important attributes that consolidate into conceptual vessel design solutions. The cost–benefit trade-offs for various design solutions and technology choices are discussed for different future scenarios. The results indicate that complexity drives high CAPEX generation, yielding so-called gold-plated designs. Lower cost mitigation measures should be taken to ensure future missions of a deep-sea mining vessel. The consequences of design choices on commercial considerations are discussed, such as the vessels’ second-hand value in the market and alternative uses. Keywords deep-sea mining; offshore vessels; ship design; technology transfer; cost–benefit; scenario-testing

Indicators of Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Vietnam

In today’s global economy, whether in advanced or emerging markets, the importance of being open to trade and investment is widely acknowledged as a key driver of economic growth. This economic openness is primarily demonstrated through the unrestricted exchange of goods and services as well as the free movement of international capital. While previous studies have investigated the effects of export-driven, import-driven, and capital-driven growth strategies, this research focuses on analyzing the impact of each indicator of the Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). By utilizing a panel data model covering 63 provinces and cities in Vietnam from 2018 to 2022, this study explores the correlation between PCI, FDI, and economic expansion. Findings suggest that export-oriented growth policies can be more effective in fostering the development of Asian emerging economies than FDI-centric approaches. Nonetheless, FDI continues to be crucial for technology transfer, capital accumulation, and knowledge exchange in management. Regions with advanced economies are more appealing to FDI, while provinces with distinctive industrial strengths also attract foreign investment. To further boost FDI inflows, it is advised that the government streamline market entry procedures, reduce administrative and tax burdens, increase transparency, and promote fair competition. These measures are anticipated to improve the investment climate and enhance competitiveness on the global stage.

Emerging Issues of IPR in Developing and Under Developed Countries

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are pivotal in driving innovation, creativity and economic growth globally. However, they also pose significant challenges, particularly for developing and underdeveloped nations. IPR can hinder access to essential goods, such as medications, educational materials, and agricultural technologies, exacerbating inequalities and stifling innovation. The monopolistic control of IPR by developed countries often leads to economic dependency and limits knowledge sharing crucial for addressing global challenges like climate change and public health. To mitigate these issues, a multifaceted approach is required, including strengthening legal framework, empowering communities, promoting technology transfer, and fostering international cooperation. Reforming the current IPR regime to ensure equitable access and benefit-sharing can harness the potential of intellectual property for sustainable development and global prosperity.

Carbon dynamics: A holistic analysis of FDI, trade liberalization, urbanization, economic growth, and effects on CO2 emissions in South Asia

In recent years, South Asian nations have experienced robust economic growth, prompting concerns among policymakers about the sustainability of this growth due to rising pollution emissions. This study conducts an objective assessment of the impact of key variables, such as trade liberalization, economic growth, foreign direct investment inflows, and urbanization, on environmental outcomes across selected economies of South Asia from 1990 to 2022. To describe cross-sectional dependencies in the dataset, panel cointegration techniques are employed alongside cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) models. For added robustness, dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) techniques are utilized to investigate the long-term coalition among the variables. The study integrates first- and second-generation panel methods to improve the depth and reliability of the analysis by addressing methodological limitations. The pragmatic results reveal that trade liberalization, FDI inflows, economic growth, and urbanization increase CO2 emissions by 0.392%, 0.354%, 0.275%, and 0.429%, respectively. Dumitrescu and Hurlin (D–H) causality tests show a unidirectional causal link from trade liberalization to environmental degradation. Additionally, a bidirectional causal link is observed between environmental deterioration and both FDI inflows and urbanization in South Asian countries. To mitigate environmental impact, these nations should evaluate foreign investment conditions and enhance technology transfer from foreign enterprises. Furthermore, implementing trade-related policies to reduce CO2 emissions is imperative.

Scientific and technical business trips of scientists to Germany in the 1920s as one of the factors in the development of the Leningrad industrial complex

In the article, the author examines Leningrad scientists’ business trips to Germany in the 1920s as one of the directions of technology transfer mechanism implementation. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the example of Leningrad shows the substance of this line of transfer, as well as a general assessment of its effectiveness. Thus, the historical memory of a unique experience is restored, which may be of interest at the present stage of Russia’s development. The study focuses on the problems of scientific and technical international cooperation with local scientific communities. This fills a gap in historical scholarship, as the specifics of such cooperation are considered mainly either at a community level or at the level of an individual organisation or individual. The main goal of the study is to determine the extent to which the contacts between Leningrad scientists and German specialists, established in the 1920s, influenced the modernisation of the Leningrad industrial complex. Research objectives are: to analyse the main cooperation directions between Leningrad scientists and German institutes, scientific centres, and laboratories in the period under consideration; to classify business trips, to identify general patterns, and to analyse the specific features of different types of business trips and their results. The article draws on a broad source base that includes previously unpublished archive documentation of the Russian State Academy of Economics, Central State Archive of St. Petersburg, and the Central State Academy of Technical Sciences of St. Petersburg. In the course of the study, drawing on specific cases, it was demonstrated that the active involvement of scientific personnel in Petrograd/Leningrad contributed to the accelerated development of a number of Soviet industries, such as diesel engineering, turbo and hydraulic turbine engineering, chemical processing of peat and shale, etc., made it possible to form the necessary technical base, as well as develop the human resources of scientific institutions and enterprises of the city.

Fabrication of microchannel heat sink using additive manufacturing technology: A review

Additive manufacturing is a cutting-edge process that enables the creation and development of complex shapes, opening new avenues for advanced heat sink designs that maximize heat transfer while minimizing pressure drop. This review provides an overview of recent results and insights from global researchers on the additive manufacturing of microchannel heat sinks. It discusses various novel microchannel heat sink types fabricated using additive manufacturing and the complexities involved in their fabrication. Additionally, the review explores geometric configurations, the application of computational optimization methods, and the impact of surface roughness on heat transfer and pressure drop. The primary focus is on the fundamental advantages of additive manufacturing in addressing complex heat transfer designs. However, the review also highlights limitations restricting its benefits in specific applications, such as material handling and availability. This review identifies future challenges for creating novel heat sinks with complex geometries and opportunities for advancements in heat transfer technology.

2.C. Round table: A Pandemic Treaty to deliver global health equity: negotiating under a ticking clock

Abstract Access to medical countermeasures (vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics), fair resource allocation and a global health framework to counter future pandemics are to be provided for by the Pandemic Treaty, intensely debated in the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) over the past two years. The final negotiations round began under tremendous pressure (Apr 29, 2024), with dissonance on structural treaty elements and a ticking clock to finalise the text at the World Health Assembly (end of May 2024). At a time of shifting geopolitical powers, in a year of elections across the world, war in Europe and rising defence expenditure, countries are reluctant to commit; the draft postpones key decisions, proposing to establish two intergovernmental working groups for instruments on One Health and prevention, and on a Pathogen Access and Benefits (PABS), with technology transfer and capacity-building remain largely unaddressed, despite COVID-19 lessons. With EU and G7 countries holding to their positions on surveillance, financing, and intellectual property (IP), negotiations will continue. A more critical question remains: will the Treaty’s be adequate and timely enough to meet the challenges of inevitable future pandemics? Will it deliver the global framework of its foundational purpose of equity and justice? This RT aims to inform and involve the European public health community, continuing the series of activities embarked upon at the beginning of the pandemic, empowering its members for evidence-informed advocacy and concerted action. Following a brief presentation on the Treaty’s key provisions, each panel member will deliver a brief (2-3 min) intervention based on core expertise, with two rounds of panel questions/statements to follow, and with an interactive element to prioritise and submit questions. The first elaborating on the current provisions, linking them to the key expertise of panel members, i.e., international and EU law, public health law, One Health and infectious disease control, global health policies, technology transfer, fair pricing and access to countermeasures. The second examining what can be achieved via evidence-informed advocacy, and with a special focus on the role of the European public health community. Has it been well represented so far in negotiations? Should it be more involved? Is it well equipped to provide expert advice to Europe’s policymakers? Is there complementarity in relation to Europe’s Global Health Strategy (GHS) and national global health plans? Finally, the role of WHO will be briefly debated. How can sovereignty be safeguarded without compromising implementation? What is the role of transparency and sound governance to remain in line with national and EU laws and priorities? The last five minutes of this RT will be used to consolidate messages and share plans to inform future formal EUPHA positioning in negotiations. Key messages • Pandemic accord deliberation has have taken place under extreme urgency and geopolitical pressure. The European public health community must be informed and engaged for EU and country-level advocacy. • At a time of permacrisis, the adoption of a global framework for fair resouce allocation, access to medical countermeasures,and to strengthen health systems for future pandemics is urgently needed. Speakers/Panelists Sujitha Subramanian University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Dimitra Lingri European Healthcare Fraud and Corruption Network, Brussels, Belgium Debjani Muller HTAi, Edmonton, Canada Ricardo Mexia National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal Bettina Borisch WFPHA, Geneva, Switzerland

Evaluation of Selected Plant Phenolics via Beta-Secretase-1 Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and Gene Expression Related to Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: The goal of the current study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of six phenolic compounds, i.e., rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, oleuropein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 3-hydroxytyrosol, and quercetin, against β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), also known as β-secretase or memapsin 2, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods and Results: The inhibitory potential against BACE1, molecular docking simulations, as well as neurotoxicity and the effect on the AD-related gene expression of the selected phenolics were tested. BACE1 inhibitory activity was carried out using the ELISA microplate assay via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology. Molecular docking experiments were performed in the human BACE1 active site (PDB code: 2WJO). Neurotoxicity of the compounds was carried out in SH-SY5Y, a human neuroblastoma cell line, by the Alamar Blue method. A gene expression analysis of the compounds on fourteen genes linked to AD was conducted using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Rosmarinic acid, EGCG, oleuropein, and quercetin (also used as the reference) were able to inhibit BACE1 with their respective IC50 values 4.06 ± 0.68, 1.62 ± 0.12, 9.87 ± 1.01, and 3.16 ± 0.30 mM. The inhibitory compounds were observed to occupy the non-catalytic site of the BACE1. However, hydrogen bonds were found to be present between rosmarinic acid and EGCG and aspartic amino acid D228 in the catalytic site. Oleuropein and quercetin effectively suppressed the expression of PSEN, APOE, and CLU, which are recognized to be linked to the pathogenesis of AD. Conclusions: The outcomes of the work bring quercetin, EGCG, and rosmarinic acid to the forefront as promising BACE1 inhibitors.

Effect of Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption and Unemployment on Income Distribution in Malaysia

The paper analyses the relationships between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Energy Consumption, Unemployment, and their effects on Income Distribution in Malaysia from 1990-2022. Despite economic growth, Malaysia faces income inequality, especially among ethnic groups. The study uses ARDL regression to find that FDI promotes income distribution by creating jobs and facilitating technology transfer. Increased energy availability boosts industrial production, which is crucial for equitable income distribution. High unemployment, particularly among graduates, exacerbates income inequality. Government initiatives aim to address unemployment through skills enhancement and entrepreneurship. The study concludes that FDI and energy consumption positively influence income distribution, while unemployment has a negative impact. The findings are valuable for policymakers in fostering inclusive growth and equitable income distribution in Malaysia. As Malaysia is an export-oriented country, these insights can lead to impactful improvements in the export sector, further boosting employment opportunities and economic resilience.

The impact of collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and services on carbon emission efficiency: spatial effect and mechanism analysis

ABSTRACT Urban economic development benefits from industrial agglomeration by enhancing efficiency, but it may also bring negative effects, such as environmental pollution. This research uses data from 283 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2019, and applies the Spatial Durbin Model to investigate the spatial effects of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency, along with its impact mechanisms at various stages of collaborative agglomeration between the manufacturing and service sectors. The results indicate that: (1) The upgrading of the service industry from consumption-oriented to production-oriented has proved to be conducive to enhancing carbon emission efficiency and alleviating the environmental problems associated with manufacturing agglomeration. (2) The industrial collaborative agglomeration exerts a spatial spillover effect on carbon emission efficiency. Over time, as the degree of industrial collaborative agglomeration reaches a specific threshold, it positively impacts the carbon emission efficiency within the local area but exerts an inhibitory effect in neighboring regions. (3) The urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and Pearl River Delta regions, along with low-carbon pilot cities, demonstrate a greater capacity to enhance the positive impact of industrial collaborative agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency. (4) Collaborative industrial clustering fosters technological progress through domestic technology transfer and green technology innovation. It also mitigates mismatches between labor and capital, enhances land-intensive utilization efficiency, and optimizes resource allocation, ultimately leading to improve carbon emission efficiency. This research contributes to China’s economic and social transition towards a low-carbon future and provides valuable insights for the green development and industrial upgrading of developing countries.

PEMBERDAYAAN PETERNAK MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK KOMPOS DESA SOROPIA KECAMATAN SOROPIA KABUPATEN KONAWE

Community service activities integrated with KKN-THEMATIC carried out by the UHO Faculty of Animal Husbandry Lecturer Team took place in Soropia Village, Soropia District, Konawe Regency. Compost is an organic fertilizer produced through the process of decomposition of organic materials, especially animal waste, by active microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The purpose of this service is to provide training and technology transfer in making compost. The methods used include delivering materials and demonstrations. In this activity, training in making compost was carried out by utilizing cow dung which is widely available around the Soropia Village settlement, which is then mixed with super decomposer EM4, rice husks, granulated sugar, and water. Through this training, the community is given knowledge about the use of waste from agriculture and livestock to be processed into useful products, especially in the fields of livestock and organic farming which are currently developing in Soropia Village. The farmers showed high enthusiasm during this activity and appreciated the service carried out, with the hope that similar activities can be continued in the future.

Wireless Powered Surface Acoustic Wave Platform for Achieving Integrated Functions of Fogging/Icing Protection and Monitoring.

In this study, we introduced an integrated approach using piezoelectric thin film-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) and wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies, designed for both passive monitoring and active defogging/icing functions. We systematically investigated the resonant frequency shifts of ZnO/glass SAW devices, establishing their correlations with variations in humidity and temperature under cold conditions. Acoustic waves generated through the ZnO/glass SAW device were used for defogging and deicing functions with effects of RF powers and acousto-heating thoroughly evaluated. More significantly, the WPT system was successfully applied for achieving defogging and deicing functions, with its performance comparable to that of conventional wired SAW systems. Our findings demonstrated that the WPT SAW system significantly minimizes localized acousto-heating effects, although the time taken for both defogging and deicing was slightly longer than the wired system. This work represents a significant advancement in developing multifunctional, optically compatible, and wireless-integrated solutions for SAW based ice protection.

Embracing Levin’s Legacy: Advancing Socio-Technical Learning and Development in Human-Robot Team Design Through STS Approaches

AbstractThis paper investigates the synergy between Levin’s theories on technology transfer as a socio-technical learning and developmental process (TLD process), and what we learnt about socio-technical systems (STS) theories in a case study developing human robot solutions for the construction sector. Levin’s extensive work highlights the significance of technology transfer as a means for organizational development. His TLD process emphasizes the intricate interplay between technology, organizational change, and learning and highlights the importance of incorporating cultural knowledge and skills into the technological transfer process. Contemporary STS views developed through our own work are introduced to complement and extend Levin’s theories by providing a systemic lens to understand the broader socio-technical context in which technology transfer occurs. To illustrate the synergies and potential challenges from Levin’s theories of technology transfer with contemporary STS concepts, we use a qualitative study of a unique case about the design and development of human-robot teams (HRTs) for construction tasks. Our findings reveal that while Levin’s theories provide a valuable foundation for understanding technology transfer and organizational change, contemporary socio-technical systems face unique challenges in the context of AI-driven human-robot teams, where intelligent robots also contribute to the socio-technical learning process. Moreover, the rapidly evolving nature of technology and innovations could exponentially impact on multidisciplinary design teams, stakeholder participation and inter-organizational dynamics. The discussions suggest an extension of co-generative learning to incorporate ‘collaborative intelligence’ between human-robot teams enabled by artificial intelligence (AI). Consequently, we suggest that Levin’s theories of technology transfer, developed before the rapid application of AI, may not have fully considered further social challenges caused by the introduction of autonomous systems such as AI-driven HRT systems. We extend Levin’s important work by suggesting that addressing such challenges requires ongoing dialogue and collaboration among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with different disciplinary backgrounds to develop robust and reliable socio-technical systems frameworks to navigate the complexities of robotics and AI in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape.