Communication Transceiver Research Articles

A 60 GHz Class-C Wide Tuning-Range Two-Core VCO Utilizing a Gain-Boosting Frequency Doubling Technique and an Adaptive Bias Scheme for Robust Startup

This paper presents the design and the performance of a wide tuning-range millimeter-wave (mm-wave) two-core class-C 60 GHz VCO in 40 nm CMOS process, which can be integrated into wireless communication transceivers and radar sensors. The proposed architecture consists of a two-core 30 GHz fundamental VCO, a gain-boosted frequency doubler and an adaptive bias configuration. The two-core fundamental VCO structure achieves frequency generation in the vicinity of 30 GHz, where each VCO core targets a different frequency band. The two bands have sufficient overlap to accommodate for corner variations providing a large continuous tuning range. The desired frequency band is selected by activating or deactivating the appropriate VCO core, resulting in a robust switchless structure. This approach enables a considerably broad tuning range without compromising phase noise performance. Furthermore, the proposed topology utilizes an adaptive bias mechanism for robust start-up. Initially, the selected VCO core begins oscillating in class-B mode, and subsequently it transitions into class-C operation to offer improved performance. From post-layout simulations, after frequency doubling, the low-band VCO covers frequencies from 50.25 to 60.40 GHz, while the high-band VCO core spans frequencies from 58.8 to 73 GHz, yielding an overall tuning range of 36.92%. Owing to the gain-boosting topology, output power exceeds −14.2 dBm across the whole bandwidth. Simulated phase noise remains better than −92.1 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset for all bands. Additionally, the two VCO cores never operate simultaneously, aiding in power efficiency.

A Prototype "Smart" 3-Dimensionally Printed Model Showcasing Interactivity: Implementing Voice Command for the Ventricular and Cisternal Systems.

The next step in the evolution of static 3-dimensionally (3D) printed models may be the creation of "smart" models, where subcomponents can be seamlessly interacted with through a feedback mechanism, with potential applications in trainee education and patient counseling. Considering the complexity of the ventricular and cisternal systems, they were chosen for segmentation, using Materialize InPrint with outward hollowing using 2.5-mm wall thickness. After 3D printing, dedicated holes were drilled for placement of wired light emitting diodes (LEDs) in anatomical landmarks and connected to an Arduino Uno microcontroller. This was coupled to a Bluetooth transceiver for communication via an Android cellular device. C++ was used to match each LED to a particular pin number on the Arduino board. When the user verbalizes a structure, the Bluetooth sends a command to the Arduino, where the code looks for the "trigger word," subsequently sending a signal to illuminate the corresponding LED. The system requires wireless/cellular data for communication with the voice recognition engine on the Google server. The described method may serve as a prototype for when 3D printers are capable of simultaneously printing conductive material or wiring along with the main material within a model to allow for integration of feedback devices.

Challenges and Innovations in CMOS-Based 300-GHz Transceivers for High-Speed Wireless Communication

Challenges and Innovations in CMOS-Based 300-GHz Transceivers for High-Speed Wireless Communication

Dual-polarization Self-coherent Transceivers for Free Space Optical Communications in the Presence of Atmospheric Turbulence

Dual-polarization Self-coherent Transceivers for Free Space Optical Communications in the Presence of Atmospheric Turbulence

Design of a 60-GHz Joint Radar–Communication Transceiver With a Highly Reused Architecture Utilizing Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Gilbert Cells

Design of a 60-GHz Joint Radar–Communication Transceiver With a Highly Reused Architecture Utilizing Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Gilbert Cells

Experimental Demonstration and Practical Application of a Real-Time Full-Duplex Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Transceiver

Experimental Demonstration and Practical Application of a Real-Time Full-Duplex Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Transceiver

A Miniature Batteryless Bioelectronic Implant Using One Magnetoelectric Transducer for Wireless Powering and PWM Backscatter Communication.

Wireless minimally invasive bioelectronic implants enable a wide range of applications in healthcare, medicine, and scientific research. Magnetoelectric (ME) wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a promising approach for powering miniature bio-implants because of its remarkable efficiency, safety limit, and misalignment tolerance. However, achieving low-power and high-quality uplink communication using ME remains a challenge. This paper presents a pulse-width modulated (PWM) ME backscatter uplink communication enabled by a switched-capacitor energy extraction (SCEE) technique. The SCEE rapidly extracts and dissipates the kinetic energy within the ME transducer during its ringdown period, enabling time-domain PWM in ME backscatter. Various circuit techniques are presented to realize SCEE with low power consumption. This paper also describes the high-order modeling of ME transducers to facilitate the design and analysis, which shows good matching with measurement. Our prototyping system includes a millimeter-scale ME implant with a fully integrated system-on-chip (SoC) and a portable transceiver for power transfer and bidirectional communication. SCEE is proven to induce >50% amplitude reduction within 2 ME cycles, leading to a PWM ME backscatter uplink with 17.73 kbps data rate and 0.9 pJ/bit efficiency. It also achieves 8.5 × 10-5 bit-error-rate (BER) at a 5 cm distance, using a lightweight multi-layer-perception (MLP) decoding algorithm. Finally, the system demonstrates continuous wireless neural local-field potential (LFP) recording in an in vitro setup.

Transfer learning enhanced convolutional neural network for efficient monitoring of a rate-adaptive coherent transmission system

With the demand for capacity and the complex evolution of network topology, flexible coherent communication transceivers are being considered for deployment in a short reach (< 40 km) scenario. The probability constellation shaping (PCS)-based system provides the capability to continuously change the data rate of communication systems, thus calling for the need to monitor both the link rate and the network performance. In this work, a transfer learning (TL)-enhanced entropy and performance estimation scheme is developed to monitor a rate-continuous coherent optical transmission system with various signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The scheme is demonstrated over a 40-km coherent transmission system with a line rate varying from 128 to 192 Gbps. The entropy is varied from 4 to 6 bits with an interval of 0.05 bits, corresponding to a fine-grained rate of 1.6 Gbps. The mean absolute error (MAE) of entropy tasks reaches 0.158 bits with TL, while that of SNR tasks is reduced to 0.44 dB with TL (for 6 bits of entropy). Our solution allows fine-grained monitoring of link rate and SNR for future adaptive optical communication systems.

Photonics-assisted self-interference cancellation for in-band full-duplex integrated sensing and communication transceiver.

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) operation is essential for both sensing-centric and communication-centric integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems. Both types require the monostatic transceiver to overcome the technical challenge of self-interference (SI). To address this challenge, a photonics-assisted self-interference cancellation (SIC) scheme for an IBFD ISAC transceiver is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By utilizing wavelength division multiplexing, the SI is cancelled by a cancellation reference with matched amplitude and time delay, using two counter-biased Mach-Zehnder modulators. In proof-of-concept experiments, the proposed IBFD ISAC transceiver is tested using a 10 GHz quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constant envelope linear frequency modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-LFM-OFDM) ISAC signal with a carrier frequency and a bandwidth of 10 GHz and 2 GHz, respectively. Experimental results show that cancellation depths of 35.29 dB and 32.59 dB are achieved with bandwidths of 1GHz and 2 GHz, respectively, in the communication receiver. The corresponding weak signal of interest is successfully recovered after effective SIC in the wireless link. The ranging and imaging functions are also experimentally verified. The experimental results show that the cancellation depth of the SI after de-chirping is 23.6 dB when the center frequency and bandwidth of the CE-LFM-OFDM RF signal are 10 GHz and 2 GHz, respectively. A dynamic range increase of 23.84 dB is achieved in imaging function. The corresponding radar ranging resolution of 10 cm is also achieved for radar function. The proposed scheme cancels the SI in both communication and radar receivers, demonstrating excellent performance in the IBFD ISAC transceiver system.

THz band drone communications with practical antennas: Performance under realistic mobility and misalignment scenarios

THz band drone communications with practical antennas: Performance under realistic mobility and misalignment scenarios

Hardware-realized secure transceiver for human body communication in wireless body area networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs), featuring wearable and implantable devices for collecting physiological data are increasingly critical in healthcare for enabling continuous remote monitoring, diagnostic improvements, and treatment optimization. Secure communication within WBANs is essential to protect sensitive health data from unauthorized access and manipulation. This paper introduces a novel secure digital (SD)- human body communication (HBC) Transceiver (TR) system, tailored for WBAN applications, that prioritizes security and offers significant enhancements in size, power efficiency, speed, and data transmission efficiency over current solutions. Leveraging a combination of frequency-selective (FS) digital transmission with walsh codes (WCs) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and incorporating one-round encryption and decryption modules, the system complies with the IEEE 802.15.6 standard, ensuring broad compatibility. Specifically, the QAM-based SD-HBC TR system exhibits a 4% reduction in chip area, a 7.6% increase in operating frequency, a 3.4% decrease in power consumption, a 27.5% reduction in latency, and improvements of 33% in throughput and 35.5% in efficiency. Importantly, it achieves a bit error rate (BER) of up to 10-8 , demonstrating high reliability across communication methods. This research significantly advances secure communication in WBANs, offering a promising approach for enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and security of healthcare monitoring technologies.

Didactic and interactive project with PIC microcontroller and CAN network for temperature and luminosity control

This work presents the development of a didactic and interactive project, composed of four distinct modules: the first module is used for reading and controlling temperature; the second module, for reading and controlling luminosity; the third module is an RS232/CAN serial interface; The fourth module has a transceiver for serial communication between a personal computer and the network. The first, second, and third modules were built using PIC18F4580 microcontrollers with integrated CAN and were programmed in C language using the MikroC integrated development environment. The software for serial communication between the microcomputer and module III was written in Object Pascal language using the Delphi programming environment. Serial communication tests were performed between the microcomputer and the third module, obtaining positive results in data acquisition and transfer and command exchange through the CAN network, demonstrating a distributed data system among the modules on the bus.

Inverse design of high-dimensional quantum optical circuits in a complex medium

Programmable optical circuits are an important tool in developing quantum technologies such as transceivers for quantum communication and integrated photonic chips for quantum information processing. Maintaining precise control over every individual component becomes challenging at large scales, leading to a reduction in the quality of operations performed. In parallel, minor imperfections in circuit fabrication are amplified in this regime, dramatically inhibiting their performance. Here we use inverse design techniques to embed optical circuits in the higher-dimensional space of a large, ambient mode mixer such as a commercial multimode fibre. This approach allows us to forgo control over each individual circuit element, and retain a high degree of programmability. We use our circuits as quantum gates to manipulate high-dimensional spatial-mode entanglement in up to seven dimensions. Their programmability allows us to turn a multimode fibre into a generalized multioutcome measurement device, allowing us to both transport and certify entanglement within the transmission channel. With the support of numerical simulations, we show that our method is a scalable approach to obtaining high circuit fidelity with a low circuit depth by harnessing the resource of a high-dimensional mode mixer.

IEEE 802.11ad Based Joint Radar Communication Transceiver: Design, Prototype and Performance Analysis

IEEE 802.11ad Based Joint Radar Communication Transceiver: Design, Prototype and Performance Analysis

Engineering Applications with Stress-Strength for a New Flexible Extension of Inverse Lomax Model: Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Inference

In this paper, we suggest a brand new extension of the inverse Lomax distribution for fitting engineering time data. The newly developed distribution, termed the transmuted Topp–Leone inverse Lomax (TTLILo) distribution, is characterized by an additional shape and transmuted parameters. It is critical to notice that the skewness, kurtosis, and tail weights of the distribution are strongly influenced by these additional characteristics of the extra parameters. The TTLILo model is capable of producing right-skewed, J-shaped, uni-modal, and reversed-J-shaped densities. The proposed model’s statistical characteristics, including the moments, entropy values, stochastic ordering, stress-strength model, incomplete moments, and quantile function, are examined. Moreover, characterization based on two truncated moments is offered. Using Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimating techniques, we estimate the distribution parameters of the suggested distribution. The bootstrap procedure, approximation, and Bayesian credibility are the three forms of confidence intervals that have been created. A simulation study is used to assess the efficiency of the estimated parameters. The TTLILo model is then put to the test by being applied to actual engineering datasets, demonstrating that it offers a good match when compared to alternative models. Two applications based on real engineering datasets are taken into consideration: one on the failure times of airplane air conditioning systems and the other on the active repair times of airborne communication transceivers. Also, we consider the problem of estimating the stress-strength parameter R=P(Z2<Z1) with engineering application.

Network-ready quantum communication transceivers using hybrid integration

Network-ready quantum communication transceivers using hybrid integration

Design and Development of a 3D-Printed CubeSat by Go Science

This project outlines the design, development, and construction of a 3D-printed CubeSat, a miniature satellite, equipped with an ESP32 microcontroller, an MPU9250 inertial measurement unit, and a BMP280 barometric pressure sensor module. The CubeSat adheres to standard CubeSat dimensions and incorporates a range of systems, including power management, communication, and data collection, to enable its functionality in space. The CubeSat's structure was meticulously designed using CAD software, and 3D printing technology was employed to fabricate its lightweight, space-grade casing. The ESP32 microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, interfacing with the MPU9250 and BMP280 sensors via I2C communication. Custom firmware was developed to gather sensor data and manage power resources efficiently. Solar Panels are also used for redundant Power Support. The CubeSat features a wireless transceiver for communication with ground stations, facilitating telemetry data transmission and command reception. This CubeSat can collect sensor’s data and transmit it to Ground Station for analysis, contributing valuable insights into its surrounding environment. Maintenance and potential upgrades will be considered to extend its operational lifespan. This project exemplifies the intricate process of designing and developing a CubeSat, highlighting the integration of advanced sensors and microcontrollers in a 3D-printed structure. The CubeSat's deployment underscores its potential for scientific research and data collection in the realm of space exploration. Developed by Go Science Technical Team. IndexTerms – Go Science, CubeSat, ESP32, MPU9250, BMP280, Environmental Monitoring, Space Technology, Sensor Integration, Data Collection, Climate Research, Microsatellites, Miniature Satellites, Space Sensors, Atmospheric Data, Earth Observation, Remote Sensing, Environmental Science, Climate Monitoring, Sensor Fusion, Space Exploration.

SDR implementation and real-time performance evaluation of 5G channel coding techniques

SDR implementation and real-time performance evaluation of 5G channel coding techniques

An End-to-End Dual ASIC OFDM Transceiver for Ultrasound In-Body Communication.

Implanted medical devices need a reliable, secure and low-energy wireless communication link. Ultrasound (US) wave propagation is promising over other techniques due to its lower body attenuation, inherent security and well-studied physiological impact. While US communication systems have been proposed, they either neglect realistic channel conditions or fail to be integrated into small-scale, energy-scarce systems. Therefore, this work proposes a custom, hardware efficient OFDM modem optimized for the diverse needs of ultrasound in-body communication channels. This custom OFDM modem is implemented in an end-to-end dual ASIC transceiver: a 180nm BCD analog front end and a digital baseband chip in 65nm CMOS technology. Furthermore, the ASIC solution provides tuning knobs to increase the analog dynamic range, to update the OFDM parameters and to fully reprogram the baseband processing, necessary to adjust for the channel variability. Ex-vivo communication experiments on a 14cm thick piece of beef achieve 470kbps with BER 3e-4, while consuming 56nJ/bit and 10.9nJ/bit Tx/Rx.

Low-cost, high-resolution and no-manning distributed sensing system for the continuous monitoring of fruit growth in precision farming

Accurate, continuous and reliable data gathering and recording about crop growth and state of health, by means of a network of autonomous sensor nodes that require minimal management by the farmer will be essential in future Precision Agriculture. In this paper, a low-cost multi-channel sensor-node architecture is proposed for the distributed monitoring of fruit growth throughout the entire ripening season. The prototype presented is equipped with five independent sensing elements that can be attached each to a sample fruit at the beginning of the season and are capable of estimating the fruit diameter from the first formation up to the harvest. The sensor-node is provided with a LoRa transceiver for wireless communication with the decision making central, is energetically autonomous thanks to a dedicated energy harvester and an accurate design of power consumption, and each measuring channel provides sub-mm 9.0-ENOB effective resolution with a full-scale range of 12 cm. The accurate calibration procedure of the sensor-node and its elements is described in the paper, which allows for the compensation of temperature dispersion, noise and non-linearities. The prototype was tested on field in real application, in the framework of the research activity for next-generation Precision Farming performed at the experimental farm of the Department of Agricultural and Food Science of the University of Bologna, Cadriano, Italy.