Transactional Practices Research Articles

Editor's notes

Editor's notes

Praktek Transaksi Pada Koperasi Karyawan Daerah Kota Surakarta Dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Tingkat Pemahaman Anggotanya Dalam Hal Riba

This study aims to determine what transaction practices are carried out by the Surakarta City Employee Cooperative (Kokarda) and how these practices are in the view of Islamic law. In addition, this study aims to reveal how far the members of the cooperative, who are mostly Muslims, understand about usury. The technique of collecting data from literature books or data published by the Regional Employee Cooperative (Kokarda) in Surakarta is used to obtain data in literature. To support the research, data collection using a questionnaire, then analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The questionnaire consists of questions about the respondent's knowledge of the application of the interest system, the purpose of saving or saving money and the respondents' interest in borrowing in the cooperative. Researchers also developed in the form of random interviews with some respondents. The results showed that the Surakarta Regional Employee Cooperative (Kokarda) implemented savings and loan transactions. Saving money in the cooperative earns interest on deposits. Borrowers of money are required to pay interest on the loan. The members, who are mostly Muslims, have a high enough interest in saving and borrowing money from the cooperative.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perusahaan Debitur Pailit dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid 19

The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic on global economic development has an impact not only on the world economy and investment, but also correlates with aspects of legal development, especially business economy law. One of the areas of business economy law that has also undergone changes in an effort to accommodate the development of modern business transaction practices is bankruptcy law. The purpose of this research is to examine the preventive efforts made by Debtors at Bankrupt Companies to reduce bankruptcy caused by Covid-19 and solutions to protect debtors in companies experiencing bankruptcy. The research method used is juridical normative, primary and secondary legal materials with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results showed that the regulations regarding bankruptcy law in various countries, including Indonesia, tended to change. For example in Europe, in the last few decades European countries have argued that the existing insolvency legal framework has not been able to provide a better economic legal scheme compared to liquidation schemes, so that changes in the substance of bankruptcy have occurred in almost all aspects of the country including the Union. Europe, the American continent, the Asian continent, the African continent, and the Australian continent.

PENDEKATAN SOSIOLOGIS DALAM STUDI ISLAM DAN KONTEKSTUALISASI PADA TRANSAKSI KEUANGAN SYARIAH

The development of religious understanding in a community should be a positive one and provide benefits. The sociological approach in practice can be one solution in understanding the texts of the Koran and texts from secondary sources, namely hadith. This study aims to provide an overview of how the contextualization of the texts of the Qur'an and Hadith in social life. Especially the practice of transactions that are often carried out at Islamic Financial Institutions

Digitalisasi Ekonomi Syariah Penerapan Hukum-Hukum Islam Dalam Jual Beli Online

Technological developments have penetrated into all fields, including buying and selling. In the past, buying and selling activities required sellers and buyers to meet face to face to reach an agreement, in contrast to the current era where technology is increasingly advanced where sellers and buyers do not have to meet in person but the buying and selling process can still take place. This activity is commonly referred to as buying and selling online, where the process takes advantage of the internet network. In Islam this is something new, but that does not mean that this activity is prohibited, as long as it does not violate Islamic principles. This study tries to identify the implementation of Islamic principles in online buying and selling activities both from the products sold and the transaction process. This study uses qualitative research by taking informants from online business owners in Banyuwangi, Gresik and Kediri by indirect interview. The result of this study was all online business actors did tried applying Islamic sharia in the practice of transaction by social media as Whatsapp, Instagram and Facebook and e-marketplace.Keywords: Buying and selling online, Islamic principles.

Aksjologiczne uwarunkowania doboru kryteriów interpretacyjnych we współczesnych modelach wykładni umów zobowiązaniowych

Streszczenie Problematyka wykładni umów rozpatrywana zarówno w aspekcie definicyjnym, jak i z punktu widzenia metodologicznego, wykazuje istotne powiązanie z aksjologią prawa prywatnego, w tym prawa zobowiązań. Szczególną wagę należy przypisać w tym zakresie kryterium adekwatności, wymagającemu od interpretatora odpowiedniego ujęcia całokształtu ?racji tłumaczących? umowę. Ocena wpływu uwarunkowań aksjologicznych na sposób uporządkowania reguł interpretacyjnych znajdujących zastosowanie w dziedzinie umów zobowiązaniowych w poszczególnych systemach prawnych stanowi istotne zagadnienie badawcze, szczególnie w świetle tendencji rekodyfikacyjnych zaznaczających się w sferze prawa prywatnego. Wnioski płynące z tak ukierunkowanej analizy mogą służyć jako argument w trwającej debacie dotyczącej perspektyw i ewentualnych kierunków zmiany paradygmatu prawa umów wobec kryzysu określonych jego założeń ujawnianego w ramach diagnozy kondycji współczesnego prawa prywatnego podlegającego dekodyfikacji. Równocześnie w tym kontekście uzasadnione jest poddanie krytycznej refleksji postulatów formułowanych w związku z zaawansowaniem procesu algorytmizacji praktyki kontraktowej. Na potrzeby przeglądu obecnych tendencji w zakresie aksjologicznie uwarunkowanego ukształtowania modeli wykładni umów zobowiązaniowych niezbędne jest uwzględnienie ujęcia retrospektywnego oraz elementów studium prawnoporównawczego w celu skonfrontowania rozwiązań właściwych kontynentalnej tradycji prawnej i modelowi anglosaskiemu.

Toward a Universal Visual Language of Law

There is a legal language that is more universal than text, that can communicate across language and cultural barriers: it is the language of visual images. Visual communication of law provides a means to transmit the content, meaning, and implications of law and legal analysis in legal documents and multimodal communications that are accessible and understandable not only to those trained in the law or highly literate in the dominant written language of the communication, but also to those whose basic language skills in the dominant language of the communication would otherwise not allow them to receive or understand the legal advice, rights, or requirements contained in the communication. In the very near future, visual legal rhetoric is anticipated to become a standard part of legal practice not just in litigation, but also in transactional practice and all areas of law because of the communicative and rhetorical power of visual media. The goal of this Article is to apply the lens of visual legal rhetoric, visual literacy analysis, visual cultural studies, and mise en scene analysis to evaluate and critique representative examples of legal communications that use visual images as a means to overcome language and cultural barriers. I hope to draw lessons in visual communication for lawyers, judges, legislators, and regulators to encourage them to make visuals a more integral part of legal works in transactional, litigation, legislative, regulatory, and legal informational contexts. Visuals can overcome barriers in communication that words alone cannot, and visual legal works can be made more universal in their communication, interpretation, performance, and enforcement.

Cashlessness and scalable multi-pay practices: Capturing the everyday financial transactions in local contexts

While macro-level volume growth in India's move towards cashless payment systems is captured relentlessly, most often what gets ignored is a realization that everyday financial transactional practices are socially and culturally embedded in the local contexts. This paper drawn from an anthropological ethnography explores how people use and hierarchically order different payment systems in their everyday financial transactions for products and services. It explores how aspects such as trust, economic and social values, demographic differentials and scalable multi-pay practices influence such ordering and usage of the payment systems within their everyday local contexts.

Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Pemberian Uang Muka Pada Money Changer (Studi Kasus PT. Hamdalah Kab. Jember)

The transaction of buying and selling currencies is made in the form of transactions whose legal status in the view of Islamic teachings differs from one form to another. Buying and selling foreign currency in Islam the name is Al Sharf which is a sale of currency, where money is used as the object of exchange. Based on the above background, it can be formulated into several problem formulations (1) how the practice of money changer in PT. Hamdalah Kab. Jember? (2) how the review of sharia economic law against the practice of money changer in PT. Hamdalah Kab. Jember. The method used in this research is a qualitative study that uses descriptive analysis. The type of data used in this study is qualitative data. Data collection techniques used are through interviews and literature study. Based on the results of the research concluded that the practice of buying and selling money changer transactions in PT. Hamdalah Kab. Jember that uses the system of giving advances there is a mismatch. This is not in accordance with the provisions of the existing theory that in the sale and purchase of money changer does not need any down payment, but even if the practice in the field contrary to the theory does not necessarily punished harom, but this contract can be directed to the sale and purchase of salam contract. While giving a period of time in money changer transactions may be done if it becomes an unavoidable need (lil hajah) urfnya about 2-7 days. Keywords: Sharia Economic Law, Money Changer, Al Sharf and Foreign Currency Sale and Purchase.

Plagiarism Pedagogy: Why Teaching Plagiarism Should be a Fundamental Part of Legal Education

Plagiarism is essential to good lawyering. The better part of litigation is copying forms and models, and transactional practice is mostly cut and paste. If lawyers aren't plagiarizing, they're committing malpractice. This article argues that law schools should stop punishing plagiarism and start teaching it.

Damages as a Function of Fault: Willful Breach in M&A Contracts

The traditional framework of U.S. private law that every first-year student learns is that contracts and torts are different realms: contracts is the realm of strict liability and tort, of fault. Contracts, we learn from the writings of Holmes and Posner, are best viewed as options: they give parties the option to perform or pay damages. The question we ask is whether, in the real world, that is indeed how contracting parties view things. Using a dataset made up of a thousand M&A contracts and thirty in-depth interviews with M&A lawyers, we find that there is at least one significant area of transactional practice that rejects the “fault is irrelevant to contract breach” perspective.

La transaction foncière populaire par l’intermédiation du Mpanera Tany : essor du marché foncier semi-informel et transformation des sols urbains à Tananarive (Madagascar)

Cet article analyse le fonctionnement des marchés fonciers à Tananarive (Madagascar) et retrace les étapes de la transaction foncière dans les pratiques populaires formelles et informelles. En portant le regard sur la réalité vécue des processus, il décrypte le rôle central d’un intermédiaire informel, le Mpanera Tany, dont l’intervention contribue à l’intégration des terrains « dormants » – délaissés ou non constructibles – dans le marché des terrains constructibles et à la transformation de la ville de Tananarive. Ces pratiques relèvent d’une hybridation des « normes légales » et des « pratiques normalisées », mais aussi d’une volonté populaire de concourir à la légalité des marchés fonciers. Elles interrogent la notion d’« informalité » des marchés fonciers dans les pays du Sud.

Moving Ahead: Finding Opportunities for Transactional Training in Remote Legal Education

This article builds on the many calls for teaching business acumen and transactional skills in law school with a timely insight: the shift to remote legal education creates opportunities to do so, in particular by incorporating practice problems and mini-simulations in doctrinal courses. Weaving together the literature on emerging best practices in online legal education, cognitive psychology, and the science of teaching and learning, Prof. Reise argues that adding formative assessments and experiential education is effective teaching and is critical in remote learning. Offering vivid examples from her experience teaching Business Organizations online, she urges law teachers to use the opportunity presented by the shift to remote education to incorporate problems and simulations as an effective way to motivate students to prepare for class, to expose them to transactional practice skills, and to effectively teach key doctrinal concepts.

Teaching as Creative Subversion: Education Encounter as an Antidote to Neoliberal Exploitation of the Educational Task

The author offers a critique of how contemporary educational practice is oriented toward production and considers its implications for themes associated with transactional analysis theory and practice. Writing from within the context of a neoliberal culture, he explores how education is subject to the principles of commodification, which contaminates how education might serve the interests of students and the intention of educators. Following from this discussion, he turns to the idea of encounter as an alternative for imagining the educational task and considers the implications for the role of the teacher and the experience of the student. A number of questions are raised for educational transactional analysts, trainers, and trainees to consider in relation to arrangements for training, accreditation, and examination within the transactional analysis community.

Transaction Costs in the New Age of Digital Economy

The present article is devoted to peculiarities in the formation of transaction costs in a period of increasing influence of digital technologies on economy and transaction practices. The integrated concept of transaction costs themselves is reported, while their classification is updated. The present article is meant for specialists in the fields of economy, education, science and technology transfer.

Prinsip-Prinsip Jual Beli Online dalam Islam dan Penerapannya pada e-Commerce Islam di Indonesia

E-Commerce di Indonesia telah mengalami perkembangan yang sangat cepat. Banyak situs e-Commerce yang mulai bermunculan seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan penetrasi internet di masyarakat. Perkembangan tersebut juga terjadi pada sektor pasar muslim yang ditandai dengan munculnya beberapa e-Commerce Islam. Kemunculan e-Commerce Islam ini sangat bisa dimaklumi mengingat potensi transaksi pada pasar muslim di Indoensia sangat besar, yakni mencapai 2.800 triliun pada tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana prinsip-prinsip jual beli online dalam Islam terimplementasi pada situs e-Commerce Islam di Indonesia, serta untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk penerapan prinsip-prinsip jual beli dalam Islam pada praktik transaksi melalui e-Commerce Islam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung dan dokumentasi. Melalui penelitian diharapkan agar praktik jual beli online yang terjadi pada situs e-Commerce Islam benar-benar dijalankan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip jual beli dalam Islam.

Transactional Law Research

This is a draft chapter for Principles of Legal Research, 3d (Kent Olson, Aaron Kirschenfeld & Ingrid Mattson, forthcoming 2020). This chapter covers topics of business and industry research, practitioners' materials and news, and transactional drafting resources. The authors believe it is the first chapter of its kind to focus on legal research in the context of transactional practice within work of general legal bibliography.

Deal Me In: Leveraging Pedagogy to Integrate Transactional Skills into the First Year of Legal Research and Writing Curriculum

When nearly fifty percent of attorneys practice transactional law, why do only seven percent of first year legal research and writing courses teach transactional skills? Despite a decade of emphasis by legal scholars on the need to teach transactional skills, most first year legal research and writing courses still focus disproportionately on litigation-based instruction. When more incoming law students want to practice transactional law than litigation, half go on to hold transactional-based jobs, transactional drafting courses are the most popular legal writing electives, and employers say graduates are unprepared for transactional practice, something needs to change. A path forward for transactional skill instruction begins here. This Article describes the need to teach transactional skills, analyzes data behind how law schools are falling short, explores pedagogical techniques for transactional instruction, and provides examples of transactional assignments that can be implemented (in face-to-face and online formats) without rewriting the course syllabus.

블록체인 기술이 무역거래관행에 미치는 영향에 관한 고찰

Many attempts have been made to utilize blockchain technology in trade transactions. Therefore, this paper analyzes what kind of change will occur in the existing trade transaction process when using the blockchain technology in the trade transaction and how it will affect the trade transaction practices. In this paper, we propose the issues to be considered when introducing blockchain technology in trade transactions and how to use blockchain technology in future trade transactions. The current trade transaction process has various problems such as complicated transaction procedure, excessive cost, delays in the arrival of shipping documents, and forgery and alteration of shipping documents. To solve these problems, it is necessary to introduce blockchain technology in trade transactions. If we use blockchain technology to trade transactions, it is expected that many changes will be made in existing trade transaction practices. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a business ecosystem, to develop a platform related to the blockchain technology, and to enact and revise related laws and regulations. Also, standardization of blockchain-related technology is required.

Breaking the Chains of Transactionalism: A Village Election without Money Politics in Panggungharjo

The logic of corruption has seemingly been accepted as a normal part of democratic practices. This article challenges this logic, referring to the successful example of Panggungharjo, a village on the outskirts of Yogyakarta.[1]Without romanticising this village and its experiences, this article seeks to show the decisions and steps necessary for realising change and breaking the chains of transactionalism. Change is only possible if both the supply of and demand for money politics are cut off. Transformation is only possible when changes occur in supply and demand. In other words, transactionalism can only be avoided in electoral politics when a shift in demand coincides with the stigmatisation of transactional practices.[1] Administratively, Panggungharjo is part of Bantul Regency. However, it is sociologically a sub-urban part of Yogyakarta City.