Transaction Mechanism Research Articles

Incorporating interaction and transaction behaviors into a bi-level consensus model fusing with maximum return and minimum cost

In group decision making, the decision participants may exhibit various interaction behaviors, some of them are efficient at facilitating the efficiency of consensus reaching process. Motivated by the view of this, a bi-level consensus model with maximum return and minimum cost considering interaction and transaction behaviors (MRMC-IT) is proposed in the way of adopting the Choquet integral. The bi-level feedback mechanism based on the adjustment of opinions guarantees the interaction between the moderator in the upper level and the decision makers in the lower level. Meanwhile, a transaction mechanism of discourse weights is elicited to present the trading behaviors between the pairwise decision makers. Additionally, in order to solve the complex proposal, a bi-level interactive approach based on satisfactory degree is applied to obtain a satisfactory solution for all decision participants. Finally, an application of sewage discharge rights trading is conducted to demonstrate the validity and the rationality of the proposal.

Allocation of transportation capacity for complex natural gas pipeline network under fair opening

China has formed a national natural gas pipeline network, and reasonable and accurate pipeline capacity allocation scheme has important significance for improving the utilization rate of pipeline network, improving the income of pipeline network operators and ensuring the gas consumption of downstream users, which poses greater challenges to the formulation of pipeline capacity allocation rules and mechanisms. This paper takes the natural gas pipeline network system as the research object, and studies the rules and mechanisms of pipeline capacity allocation. A capacity allocation model of natural gas pipeline network is proposed with the net present value of pipeline network operator's income as the goal, considering the gas consumption characteristics of downstream users, the dynamic change of gas source node capacity, pipeline hydraulic characteristics, pipeline flow direction, compressor and other constraints. Based on the simulation of the actual pipeline network by the proposed model, seven allocation rules and one mechanism are proposed. Specifically, the user priority of non-interruptible type, the pipeline path adjustable type and the gas source node adjustable type is higher than the corresponding comparison type. In the pipeline capacity allocation mechanism, the amount compensation mechanism for pipeline capacity transactions is as follows: When the pipeline capacity transaction occurs between users, the transaction information is submitted to the pipeline network operator. The pipeline network operator proposes the corresponding amount compensation according to the transaction information, and the transaction parties negotiate the proportion of the amount compensation and submit it to the pipeline network operator. In addition, it is recommended that pipeline network operators vigorously develop LNG receiving stations and downstream interruptible and compressible users in the future.

Future Markets in China and the U.S.: History, Current Situation and Improvement

Given so much research on future markets in both America and China and their relationships, especially in commodities, such as oil and agricultural products, it was noticed that the researchers have done excellent research, which is, however, incomplete. This research is done in the belief that there is a lack of research on the comparison between Chinese and American future markets. This paper mainly focuses on three aspects of the two markets: (i)history and social factors (ii) types, duration, and transaction mechanism (iii) nature of regulatory structure study, and reach conclusions that after over a hundred years of development, the future markets in the United States have gone through much more challenges and more perfect. While learning from the experiences of the American future markets, China may need to pay more attention to improving the newly established laws on future markets, while considering the technological progress, as the future markets become more and more mature.

Optimized scheduling of virtual plants with bio gas and electrohydric alcohol based on stepped carbon transactions

In order to reduce carbon emissions and promote clean energy development and utilization, a virtual plant optimization scheduling strategy for bio gas coupled to methanol synthesis units based on a stepped carbon transaction mechanism is proposed. This strategy is based on the transportation cost of hydrogen energy storage and the reality that methanol is widely used in the industry, to construct a second-order variable pressure adsorptive bio gas and electro alcohols linked production model, to extract high purity natural gas and CO2, and to couple the methanol synthesis unit with the bio gas equipment, while introducing a stepped carbon trading mechanism to realize CO2 recycling and wind with the lowest running cost in a virtual power plant Efficient dissipation of photogenerated electrical energy. Finally, by setting up different scenarios and conducting computational validation, the analytical results confirm that the proposed model strategy can meet the demands of low carbon and economy in virtual power plants.

Design and Analysis of Personal Data Transaction Mechanisms Based on VCG Mechanism

Design and Analysis of Personal Data Transaction Mechanisms Based on VCG Mechanism

Research on the transaction mechanism of electricity retail market that satisfies the full liberalization of industrial and commercial users

This paper proposes an electricity retail market transaction mechanism that satisfies the full liberalization of industrial and commercial users in the future environment of full liberalization of industrial and commercial users. The method and path of the whole process construction of the electricity retail market trading mechanism are analyzed. Aiming at the situation that a large number of industrial and commercial users all enter the electricity retail market, the electricity retail package system mechanism, diversified development and effective management and control paths have been constructed. Analyzed the countermeasures and mechanism suggestions for market transaction organizers to standardize the operation behavior of electricity sales companies and effectively prevent market risks, put forward relevant suggestions to guide electricity sales companies to diversify the development of retail services, and promote business model innovation, and analyzed the effect of case applications.

Online Book Bidding/Reselling Website

Abstract: In the digital realm of academia, a novel platform emerges, uniting university students in the pursuit of knowledge exchange and cost-effective learning. This online marketplace introduces an innovative bidding system, injecting excitement into the acquisition of textbooks, notes, and scholarly resources. Seamlessly combining the thrill of auctions with practical reselling, this platform addresses both the financial constraints of students and the need for sustainable academic practices. This unnamed platform prioritizes user experience, offering an intuitive interface that caters to both tech-savvy scholars and newcomers. The bidding functionality adds a dynamic layer to traditional book transactions, fostering a sense of community engagement and shared enthusiasm for learning. Beyond the bidding dynamics, the platform champions sustainability by facilitating the effortless resale of textbooks. Recognizing the economic challenges faced by students, the system streamlines the listing and discovery of second-hand academic materials. This dual functionality not only alleviates financial burdens but also promotes a greener, more environmentally conscious approach to academia. Key features include a robust user profile system, secure transaction mechanisms, and a sophisticated search algorithm connecting students with specific resources. The integrated rating and review system enhances trust within the community, ensuring a reliable exchange of knowledge. This unnamed platform envisions a future where every book finds its deserving reader, and every student discovers the value of shared learning. Join us on this journey as we revolutionize the way academia connects, one bid at a time

Grouped Multilayer Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm: A Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus Algorithm Optimized for Digital Asset Trading Scenarios.

Based on the practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm (PBFT), a grouped multilayer PBFT consensus algorithm (GM-PBFT) is proposed to be applied to digital asset transactions in view of the problems with excessive communication complexity and low consensus efficiency found in the current consensus mechanism for digital asset transactions. Firstly, the transaction nodes are grouped by type, and each group can handle different types of consensus requests at the same time, which improves the consensus efficiency as well as the accuracy of digital asset transactions. Second, the group develops techniques like validation, auditing, and re-election to enhance Byzantine fault tolerance by thwarting malicious node attacks. This supervisory mechanism is implemented through the Raft consensus algorithm. Finally, the consensus is stratified for the nodes in the group, and the consensus nodes in the upper layer recursively send consensus requests to the lower layer until the consensus request reaches the end layer to ensure the consistency of the block ledger in the group. Based on the results of the experiment, the approach may significantly outperform the PBFT consensus algorithm when it comes to accuracy, efficiency, and preserving the security and reliability of transactions in large-scale network node digital transaction situations.

Toward seamless taxation through a split payment mechanism on the marketplace and Quick Response (QR) payment system

The rapid development in Indonesia's digital economy offers both challenges and prospects for the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) in tax collection. Despite the intricacy of monitoring digital transactions, their electronic data can be efficiently collated. Through a desk review, the author discusses government strategies to boost tax revenue from the digital economy and suggests a split payment mechanism for marketplace transactions and Quick Response (QR) Payment Systems. This mechanism benefits both taxpayers and the DGT by simplifying tax obligations, increasing revenue, and streamlining cash flow for the latter, all at reduced supervision costs.

Blockchain-based secure transaction mechanism for electric vehicles with multiple temporary identities

Blockchain-based secure transaction mechanism for electric vehicles with multiple temporary identities

Efectiveness of Implemenying Qris Transacyion In Pandemic Covid-19

The purpose of this study is to study how widely QRIS is used among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and how effective QRIS is in transaction processing. Reviewing the experiences of buyers and owners of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) having used QRIS has outlined the best way to use the system. This study uses a qualitative descriptive methodology. The goal of qualitative research is to bring researchers and the phenomena they study closer together in an interactive process that increases everyone's knowledge. While describing a phenomenon and its characteristics is the main goal of descriptive research. Observations, interviews, and documentation will be used to collect data, which will then be analyzed to provide solutions to the problems formulated and draw conclusions. The research findings show that first, many merchants and the general public do not understand the features and advantages of the program, the installation of a QRIS-based payment gateway for merchant transactions is still not going well. Second, the community and MSME actors are starting to switch to using QRIS because it can minimize the spread of Covid-19. Third, QRIS shows effectiveness in the transaction process during the Covid-19 pandemic which was very effective, besides that there are 2 types of transaction mechanisms using QRIS, the first is Merchant-Presented (push payment) and Customer-Presented (pull payment).

Ranking of Service Quality Index and Solutions for Online English Teaching in the Post-COVID-19 Crisis

Online English teaching remains prevalent post-pandemic, yet there is a significant research gap in assessing service quality during this period. Thus, this study employs a hybrid FANP and GRA method to evaluate critical factors sustaining high service quality in online English teaching in the post-coronavirus era. The FANP model highlights key contributors like professional employees, trustworthy staff, flexible transaction times, and a secure transaction environment. In contrast, GRA identifies personnel quality, responsiveness to customer needs, and a secure transaction mechanism as top factors. Individual customer needs and service facilities are of less importance in both models. This study’s primary contribution is proposing an integrated FANP and GRA approach to rank potential solutions for online English teaching service quality in the post-COVID-19 fuzzy context. The findings guide the online English teaching industry in maintaining service quality in future similar scenarios.

Influence Analysisloan Information on Interest Rate in Peer to Peer Lending

Technology has developed rapidly and affected every community's life. This condition was also supported by the occurrence of a pandemic in early 2020 which resulted in restrictions on mobility between individuals and other humans to reduce the spread of the virus which resulted in a crisis. One of the technological developments in the financial sector is loan products through the Peer to Peer platform. Namely transactions that use an online platform that functions as an intermediary that connects borrowers and lenders to carry out lending and borrowing transactions without meeting physically. P2P transaction mechanisms that are carried out directly between borrowers and investors provide risk directly to investors for the success of their funding through the P2P platform. Therefore, in conducting a direct analysis of the loans to be financed, investors must have adequate information so that they can make the best analysis for the financing they are doing. This mechanism allows for information asymmetry on the part of borrowers and investors.
 The level of trust from lenders is an important factor that will influence their decision as investors to provide funds to borrowers. This confidence can be obtained, among other things, by studying the various available information. In addition, there is the phenomenon of an increase in borrowers and lenders in P2P transactions in Indonesia. It is necessary to pay attention to whether this decision affects interest rates for lending through P2P platforms.

Integrated energy system scheduling considering the correlation of uncertainties

Under the circumstances of “double carbon”, it is imminent to promote the transition of energy. Integrated energy systems (IES) are one of the critical technologies for the energy transition. To achieve optimal operation of IES with uncertainty to reduce system operational cost and carbon emission. In this paper, we propose an optimal scheduling method considering the correlation between uncertainties with source-source, load-load, and source-load. Scenario generation with Wasserstein deep convolutional generative adversarial network-gradient penalty (WDCGAN-GP) captures the correlation between uncertainties. The laddered carbon transaction mechanism is introduced to control carbon emissions. The simulation analysis of the method is performed with the case of the park integrated energy system (PIES) to explore the impact of correlation on IES scheduling. The simulation results show that the carbon emission of laddered carbon transactions is reduced by 8.75% compared with the conventional, while the total cost is increased by 11.09%; on the basis, after considering the correlation, the carbon emission is reduced by 6.22%, and the total cost is decreased by 5.62%. Clearly, the correlation provides financial and environmental benefits to the system. This study provides theory instruction for IES scheduling under uncertainty, which with enormous potential for engineering applications.

APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLE FULL DISCLOSURE AND LEGAL PROTECTION FOR INVESTOR DUE TO MARKET MANIPULATION OF SHAREPRICES BY ISSUERS IN CAPITAL MARKET

Capital market plays an essential role in economic activity, particularly in the allocation of public money which is can’t be separated from the role of investor and issuer as well as the implementation of capital market, stipulated in the Capital Market Law No. 8 Year 1995. The transaction mechanism between the investor and the issuer themselves known as the Initial Public Offering (IPO) which furtherly understood as the process of selling securities from the issuers to investors. Hence, in the running of capital market itself there were found such a violation in the principle of full disclosure, also, the market manipulation that obviously undertook in the IPO that would obviously causes several losses for the investor rights. The research method was carried out using a judicial normative legal approach, in which, solely through the examination of library materials or secondary data. All the legal materials obtained would be analyzed using a logical/systematical interpretation referring to the relatable laws and regulations, also supported from the judge decision that strengthened the legal issue which further explaining the research’s result and discussion. It is clear that the Issuer responsibility would be served under the supervision of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) that would undertook either the preventive or the repressive action toward every crimes formed by the issuer. So does in the market manipulation cases, there would be imposing sanctions contained in the Capital Market Law in the form of criminal and administrative sanctions which were given intentionally of having a deterrent effect and providing legal certainty upon the Capital Market Law.

Achieving risk resilience in an environment of mistrust: supply chain piracy of physical goods

PurposeThis paper investigates how companies become resilient to supply chain (SC) piracy through using transactional and relational governance mechanisms to develop strategies effective in environments characterized by weak regulative institutions and mistrust.Design/methodology/approachThis study developed case studies of nine large manufacturers with operations in Brazil.FindingsThe companies employed transactional and relational governance mechanisms to learn from past incidents, anticipate, and respond to the threat of SC piracy, becoming more resilient over time. Transactional governance mechanisms reduced risk triggers through technology, while relational governance mechanisms enhanced trust between SC and non-SC members, allowing the members to build social capital.Practical implicationsThe authors provide practical guidance for managers and policymakers in developing risk management strategies based on technology and collaboration to reduce SC piracy in environments characterized by mistrust.Social implicationsSC piracy is a serious problem for global operations and SCs in many low-cost manufacturing locations. Besides the cost and service level consequences, the authors also highlight worker safety consequences, including the potential for kidnapping, psychological trauma, injuries, and death.Originality/valueThis study focuses on the little-researched topic of SC piracy. The authors examine the negative effects of a weak institutional environment, while most prior research focuses on the positive effects of a strong institutional environment. The authors position transactional and relational governance mechanisms as essential elements of SC risk resilience.

STARC: Decentralized Coordination Primitive on Low-Power IoT Devices for Autonomous Intersection Management

Wireless communication is an essential element within Intelligent Transportation Systems and motivates new approaches to intersection management, allowing safer and more efficient road usage. With lives at stake, wireless protocols should be readily available and guarantee safe coordination for all involved traffic participants, even in the presence of radio failures. This work introduces STARC, a coordination primitive for safe, decentralized resource coordination. Using STARC, traffic participants can safely coordinate at intersections despite unreliable radio environments and without a central entity or infrastructure. Unlike other methods that require costly and energy-consuming platforms, STARC utilizes affordable and efficient Internet of Things devices that connect cars, bicycles, electric scooters, pedestrians, and cyclists. For communication, STARC utilizes low-power IEEE 802.15.4 radios and Synchronous Transmissions for multi-hop communication. In addition, the protocol provides distributed transaction, election, and handover mechanisms for decentralized, thus cost-efficient, deployments. While STARC’s coordination remains resource-agnostic, this work presents and evaluates STARC in a roadside scenario. Our simulations have shown that using STARC at intersections leads to safer and more efficient vehicle coordination. We found that average waiting times can be reduced by up to 50% compared to using a fixed traffic light schedule in situations with fewer than 1000 vehicles per hour. Additionally, we design platooning on top of STARC, improving scalability and outperforming static traffic lights even at traffic loads exceeding 1000 vehicles per hour.

Design and implementation of a peer-to-peer energy trading scheme in multi-microgrid network with photovoltaics and wind energy

Expected widespread deployment of Peer-to-Peer energy transactions through affective utilization of Renewable Energy Sources require efficient energy transaction mechanism among the microgrids. We propose a scheme to establish peer-to-peer energy trading in multi-microgrid network by considering photovoltaic and wind energy systems. The research objectives are to minimize overall cost of all microgrids in multi-microgrid network and minimize the loading on centralized power network. Various parameters of photovoltaics and wind energy systems are modeled to explore their impact on P2P energy trading. Energy Management Unit establishes the smart contracts among microgrids, manages power transactions and calculates the cost based on dynamic pricing scheme in the multi-microgrid network. Two different cases are considered with respect to the types of power transaction among the microgrids in the multi-microgrid network and main grid. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated by implementing on local small-scale power distribution system.

Evaluating blockchain as a participatory organisational system: looking for transaction efficiency

AbstractThe article presents a decision‐making model that can be used with blockchain technology. Blockchain is used as an alternative transaction mechanism to authority and the market, where the decision is decentralised within the organisation. Thus, the process is parameterised around the acceptance or not of a project, depending on individual levels of expertise, consensus level and including deliberation time. In addition, commission and omission errors are also evaluated. We show that this technology should be imposed naturally because, at the same level of information, it can obtain better results than any other decision mechanism in a systematic way. In addition, the blockchain ensures that both commission errors and omission errors are reduced with decision times that do not increase the expected opportunity loss on omission errors.

Technical Perspective: When is it safe to run a transactional workload under Read Committed?

A data management platform provides many capabilities to assist the data owner, application coder, or end-user. For example, it should support an expressive query language, schema definition, and sophisticated access control. Another way many platforms add value is through a transaction mechanism, which allows the application programmer to indicate that a stretch of code, including multiple accesses to data, represents a single real-world activity and so all these steps should happen as if a single step, despite really being interleaved with other programs, or perhaps cancelled after partial execution. If the platform perfectly hides interleaving of different activities, the execution is called serializable, and this is a great aid to protecting data quality. Any integrity constraint over the data (whether explicitly declared in schema or not) which is preserved by each transaction running alone, is also valid at the end of any serializable execution of several transactions.