Transaction Characteristics Research Articles

Research on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Technology Based on Field Communication and Embedded Control Computer Data Exchange Algorithm

In addition to meeting the basic characteristics of traditional transactions, the concurrent control of embedded mobile real-time transactions should also focus on priority inversion, unnecessary transaction restart and global data consistency, performance of hybrid transaction systems, energy saving and emission reduction. When using traditional control algorithms, scheduling control is mainly based on data structure characteristics, and it is easy to cause data stack congestion. In order to solve the above problems, a stack scheduling control method of embedded data structure using multi-parameter neural network is proposed. Combined with the widely used switched Ethernet technology in defences, communications, aerospace, industrial control and other fields, a prototype of a star topology embedded software test system is introduced.

Legal consequences of the invalidity of an imaginary transaction

Imaginary transactions have long been the subject of civil studies. However, most of them focus on the characterization of the legal nature and features of imaginary transactions. The legal consequences of imaginary transactions, which cannot be called doctrinally defined, remain outside the boundaries of research interest. The lack of proper theoretical elaboration of legal consequences creates many law enforcement problems, forcing the courts to use legal consequences that do not correspond to the essence of the relations that develop between the parties to the imaginary transaction. The purpose of the article is to determine the legal consequences of the invalidity of imaginary transactions, taking into account their legal nature and the fact that the terms of such a transaction are not actually fulfilled by the parties. It is concluded that bilateral restitution cannot be a legal consequence of imaginary transactions. In general, to protect the rights of third parties who are victims of such transactions, it is sufficient to declare such a transaction invalid. The decision on the restoration of public-law registration records should take place outside the boundaries of the civil consequences of the invalidity of transactions. Taking into account the intent and bad faith of all the parties to the alleged transaction at the time of its commission, for them the only legal consequence of such a transaction will be the refusal of judicial protection, including the refusal to recognize it as invalid. A claim for invalidation of an alleged transaction may be filed by any person who has proved that he or she has a legally protected interest in such recognition.

КОММЕРЧЕСКАЯ СДЕЛКА: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ

The article suggests and justifies the concept of "commercial transaction" is currently not fixed in civil legislation as a civil definition, while a number of scientists have repeatedly justified the need and importance of fixing such a concept to solve a number of problems in legal regulation. In addition, it offers ways to solve the problem of the conceptual apparatus of the practice of separate consideration of "commercial transactions" in civil law, which allows solving a number of practical problems of law enforcement. The article uses comparative, formal-legal and functional research methods. The article identifies individual features of a commercial transaction, the legal limits of mutual synthesis of public and private interests, and determines the forms of protection of such interests.

Research on the Structural Mutation of Carbon Emission Allowance Trading Price of China

This paper conducts theoretical and empirical research on the structural mutation of China’s carbon emission allowance trading price. Firstly, it analyzes the possibility of price mutation from the perspective of market mechanism through theoretical analysis. Secondly, the Bai-Perron Multiple Breakpoint Test method is used to test the autoregressive model of the carbon valence sequence. It is found that the carbon emission price series of each pilot have multiple structural mutations, and the breakpoints often occur around the annual compliance date. It is believed that the compliance requirement is the direct internal factor that causes the sudden change in the carbon emission price structure. Combined with the observation of market transaction characteristics and the direction of price sudden changes, the analysis of the deeper internal causes of price sudden changes in the market lies in the poor ability of enterprises to actively manage quotas, low market transaction activity, and excessive total supply of quotas. Based on the problems and reasons reflected by the empirical test results, this paper finally puts forward three rationalization suggestions for the improvement of the carbon emission allowance trading market.

Ceride-i İlmiye Dergisi’nin Yaygın Din Eğitimine Katkısı

Ceride-i İlmiye, which was published by Meshihat authority between the years of 1914-1922, was a journal feature of official correspondence and transactions. Later, with the effect of the situation in the Ottoman Empire, it became a journal that focused more on writing articles on scientific and religious subjects in order to inform, direct the society and provide psychological support to the people. The fact that it is the journal of the official institution, it has the opportunity to be delivered to many parts of the country and contributed to non-formal religious education at the point of informing the society. The aim of the study is to determine the level of success of Ceride-i İlmiye in the transmission of religious knowledge to the public. For this purpose, 9 articles published in the journal, each written by competent and respected authors on religious sciences, were determined and evaluated in terms of content, language, knowledge, and style. The research found that the Journal in question partially reflects the ideas of the official au-thority of the period, as it is the official publication of the Meshihat authority. In the articles examined, it was determined that the reasons of the negativities of the Ottoman State have been sought in getting away from the orders and prohibitions of Islam, and the emphasis has been placed on the best way to get out of this situation is to cling firmly to religion. Although a simple, understandable style was often pre-ferred in the articles, it has been determined that there were also articles that people with more ad-vanced religious knowledge could understand. It is pointed out that emphasis is placed on explaining the concepts in the articles, quotes from the views of the verses, hadiths, the people of the Sunnah and schol-ars, and the subjects were supported with stories and legends. In addition, it has been understood that periodic problems are effective in choosing the subject.

The social nature of reading poetry: The case of reading haiku for content

It is commonly assumed that skills involved in reading poetry, such as decoding and assessing the poem, scanning for details arise in social relations with others, which makes reading social. However, this is social in a weak sense because these new accomplishments result from people working together. Using an alternative theoretical framework based on Vygotsky’s later work, in this paper I defend the strong social nature of reading poetry for content through an example of how students (K-4) read haiku, a Japanese form of poetry. I illustrate that this sense of social is not constructed in the minds of individuals in a social setting, but it refers to a relation—a visible and irreducible joint production that develops as transactional features of the organization of turns in the haiku reading event. I demonstrate how reading haiku transforms itself as a what-where-when poem in this community. Understanding that reading poetry is social in this sense, through and through, helps us recognize how this socio-cultural practice keeps (re)producing itself in different cultures.

Заявление и согласие как односторонние сделки в жилищном праве

The article discusses the features of various kinds of statements and consents in housing law, which can be attributed to unilateral transactions. An assessment of judicial practice is made, which develops on the issue of qualification of applications and consents. Species division of transactions-statements and transactions-consents was made taking into account the classification proposed by B.B. Cherepakhin (the division of unilateral transactions into unilaterally binding and unilaterally enabling transactions). It is noted that a feature of the unilateral transactions under consideration is that they come or are directed to public authorities, which makes it difficult to qualify them as civil law facts, however, certain signs can be highlighted that allow this. But at the same time, attention is focused on the fact that not all applications and transactions in housing law have a civil law nature, which means that not all can be qualified as unilateral transactions.

An improved sequential auction with complementarity for pricing the construction land quota.

The paradox between idle homesteads in rural areas and the shortage of construction land in urban areas is concerning. Hence, local governments encourage farmers to reclaim their idle homesteads and farmlands to generate quota. However, the current quota price, which is based on the land reclamation cost, is often inadequate to motivate farmers. This study proposed that the construction land quota and construction land are complementary items, and hence, their pricing should be studied simultaneously instead of independently. Therefore, the classical sequential auction model with complementarity was improved using the core characteristics of quota transactions and those were applied to design optimal pricing mechanisms. Subsequently, the influence of relevant factors on the bidding price was analysed. The results indicated that the bidding price decreases with an increase in the number of bidders and that a bidder’s revenue is at a loss when they acquire the quota but fail to obtain the land; hence, the revenue probability is lost. However, bidding prices increase when the fine of delaying construction increases. To raise the quota price and encourage relatively more farmers to reclaim their idle homesteads, local governments should appropriately increase the delaying construction fines or repurchase the quota at a premium from the bidder who acquires the quota but fails to obtain the land, which is beneficial for easing conflict between construction land demands and farmland protection and for promoting the sustainable development of China’s social economy.

Tracking Mixed Bitcoins

Mixer services purportedly remove all connections between the input (deposited) Bitcoins and the output (withdrawn) mixed Bitcoins, seemingly rendering taint analysis tracking ineffectual. In this paper, we introduce and explore a novel tracking strategy, called Address Taint Analysis, that adapts from existing transaction-based taint analysis techniques for tracking Bitcoins that have passed through a mixer service. We also investigate the potential of combining address taint analysis with address clustering and backward tainting. We further introduce a set of filtering criteria that reduce the number of false-positive results based on the characteristics of withdrawn transactions and evaluate our solution with verifiable mixing transactions of nine mixer services from previous reverse-engineering studies. Our finding shows that it is possible to track the mixed Bitcoins from the deposited Bitcoins using address taint analysis and the number of potential transaction outputs can be significantly reduced with the filtering criteria.

Pertanggungjawaban Bank Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang yang Tidak Menjalankan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian

Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang yang dikenal dengan istilah money laundering merupakan proses dimana aset-aset pelaku terutama asset tunai yang diperoleh dari suatu tindak pidana dimanipulasikan sedemikian rupa sehingga aset tersebut seolah-olah berasal dari sumber yang sah. Bank sebagai lembaga penyedia jasa keuangan menjadi incaran dan sarana untuk melakukan tindak kejahatan termasuk tindak pidana pencucian uang. Adanya prinsip kehati-hatian bank salah satunya bertujuan untuk mencegah bank menjadi media tindak pidana pencucian uang, turunan dari prinsip kehati-hatian bank adalah prinsip mengenal nasabah yang telah berkembang menjadi prinsip customer due dilligence (CDD) dan enhanced due dilligence (EDD) wajib diterapkan oleh bank, kegiatan berupa identifikasi calon nasabah dan memantau karakteristik transaksi setiap nasabah, serta melaporkan apabila ada transaksi mencurigakan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. tindakan bank yang tidak menjalankan prinsip tersebut akan dikenakan hukuman sebagaimana yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai prinsip mengenal nasabah. Maka seharusnya bank bertanggungjawab ketika tidak melaksanakan prinsip kehati-hatian bank berkaitan dengan upaya pencegahan tindak pidana pencucian uang.

De-Wipimization: Detection of data wiping traces for investigating NTFS file system

Data wiping is used to securely delete securely unwanted files. However, the misuse of data wiping can destroy pieces of evidence to be spoiled in a digital forensic investigation. To cope with the misuse of data wiping, we proposed an anti-anti-forensic method based on NTFS transaction features and a machine learning algorithm. This method allows investigators to obtain information regarding ‘which files are wiped’ and ‘which data wiping tools and data sanitization standards used’. In this study, we achieved good identification of data wiping traces in the NTFS file system. Leveraging the efficiency of machine learning models, our method effectively recognizes wiped partitions and files in the NTFS file system and identifies tools used in data sanitization.

Information System Strategic Planning In PT. Hostingan Awan Indonesia Using Ward & Peppard Methodology

Information Systems at this time is needed by the company to survive in business competition with competitors. The information system must also be aligned with the vision and mission and business processes that exist in the company now days so company can generate profits (profitable) at the same time. PT. Hostingan Awan Indonesia is a web development product & service provider company with online transaction feature and purchase processes that integrated with mobile payments. To make business process run optimally, an information system is needed to archive every output document that produced by each division in the company. The process of collecting data in this paper through observation and direct interviews with several stakeholders in the company. This research used Ward & Peppard metho with internal value chain analysis, SWOT, PEST, Five Forces Porter and Mc Farlan Strategic Grid. This research also provides application portfolio recommendations with internal business environment analysis, external business environment analysis, internal SI environmental analysis and external SI environmental analysis.

Recognizing Credit Card Fraud Transaction using Spending Behavior-based Transaction Features

Recognizing Credit Card Fraud Transaction using Spending Behavior-based Transaction Features

Debt Instruments of Transport Leasing Companies Funding

The objective of the study is to analyze the whole range of issues related to attracting corporate financing in the debt capital market, including a description of structural features of financing leasing companies, such as the currency of financing, the use of financial instruments with a fixed interest rate, the need for matching assets and liabilities of the company, in terms of urgency. The article discusses the debt strategies of Russian leasing companies specializing in vehicles leasing. The organization of attracting funding by transport leasing companies is important for development of the entire transport industry in Russia. Bilateral bank loans, instruments of international development banks, syndicated loans and ruble bond issues are analyzed together with structural elements, investment and transactional features. Each financial instrument is followed by an example of implementation of a transaction. A comparison of the main financial instruments is followed by identification of the main advantages and disadvantages of their use for corporate financing. The methods used in the article are based on a structural approach to financing, which in turn is based on the correspondence of the financial instruments used and the goals for using cash (including replenishment of working capital, refinancing, capital costs). The main conclusion of the article is that for leasing companies the optimal financial solution is to create a capital structure by combining loans and bonds.

Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda

Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) theory has played an important role in understanding when it is more efficient for a transaction between two parties to occur within the market or within an organization. However, as more transactions occur in a digitally-mediated fashion, open questions remain as to how TCE applies in the digital economy. In this article, we consider how digital transformation helps us probe the boundary conditions of TCE and how, despite all the changes wrought by digital transformation, TCE can still provide a useful lens to help scholars and practitioners understand the organization of economic activity in the market-based economic system. We highlight three characteristics of digitally-mediated transactions: reputation mechanisms, private information, and non-pecuniary transactions and then discuss how these characteristics offer opportunities for future research and lay out a research agenda for this increasingly important area.

«Дрібні побутові правочини» як основний вид правочинів, які вчиняють малолітні особи

У статті здійснено аналіз категорії «дрібний по-бутовий правочин», проблем зарахування правочи-нів, які реально вчиняються малолітніми особами, до зазначеної категорії; встановлено відповідності віку особи вчинених малолітньою особою правочинів «дрібним побутовим».Встановлено, що визначені в законодавстві харак-терні риси дрібного побутового правочину («побутові потреби», «відповідність розвитку особи», «невисока вартість») є доволі оціночними і в кожному окремому випадку можуть тлумачитися по-іншому. Не можна говорити про єдині вимоги (рівень) «побітових потреб» чи «відповідності розвитку особи» для дитини чоти-рьох, восьми, дванадцяти років, так само як і категорія «невисока вартість» не є універсальною і має співвід-носитись із доходом конкретної родини, а тому в кож-ному окремому випадку допустимий максимальний розмір грошового еквіваленту правочину має встанов-люватись окремо.Дрібні побутові правочини малолітня особа здійс-нює за рахунок коштів, що надані їй на ці цілі закон-ними представниками, і досить часто вони вчиняють-ся за присутності такого представника, що фактично свідчить про надання ним згоди на укладення відповід-ного правочину. Якщо ж мова йде про вчинення пра-вочину малолітньою особою самостійно (наприклад, купування обіду в школі, канцелярських товарів, або ж необхідних продуктів до дому), то кошти надаються законними представниками в необхідному обсязі та на конкретні цілі, де здебільшого дорослий буде бачити результат укладеного правочину.Перелік «побутових потреб» також напряму зале-жить від розвитку суспільства, а отже, з часом розши-рюється. Нині до побутових потреб можна зарахувати оплату послуг інтернет-провайдерів, мобільних опера-торів, купівлю та оплату товарів і послуг за допомогою інтернет-магазинів тощо. Перелічені правочини вчи-няють малолітні як сторона такого правочину. Також є група правочинів, які вчиняються не самими малоліт-німи особами, проте на їх користь (малолітня особа є вигодо набувачем). До правочинів можна зарахувати договір банківського вкладу, договір про страхуван-ня на користь третьої особи, договір про управління майном, договір купівлі-продажу нерухомості, інші види правочинів, які не передбачені актами цивільно-го законодавства, але відповідають загальним засадам цивільного законодавства.

An analysis of the fees and pending time correlation in Ethereum

SummaryEthereum is a new blockchain‐based platform that is also capable of running smart contracts. Despite its increasing popularity, there is a lack of studies on characterizing this system, in special the fees paid by users and the respective delay to confirm the transactions, that is, the pending time. In this sense, we study the main features of Ethereum transactions and evaluate the common belief—for blockchain systems that rely on proof of work—that users who pay higher fees will have their transactions confirmed faster. Specifically, we collect information about 7.2 million of transactions in Ethereum and correlate their pending time to several fee‐related features. Moreover, we conduct our study evaluating different ranges of values for the features, such as default and unusual values adopted by users as well as clusters of users with similar behaviors. Our empirical analysis shows strong evidence that there is no clear correlation between fees‐related features and the pending time. Overall, we conclude from our investigation that transaction's features, including gas and gas price defined by users, cannot determine the pending time of transactions.

청주시 행정구역별 상가의 매매가격에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the factors of characteristic variables that affect the sales price of each mall and the selling price per dedicated area of each of the four administrative districts in Cheongju-si, Cheongju-si. As a result of the analysis, in the characteristic variables affecting the sales price of shopping districts in the four administrative districts according to the integration of Cheongju City (July 1, 2014), the publicly announced land price, the land area, the corresponding floor, the number of parking lots, the number of elevators, The important factors are the number of years passed at the time of the transaction, the distance from the Hyundai Department Store, which is a location characteristic, and the transaction characteristics for each year, such as 2017 and 2018. In the characteristic variables that affect the transaction price per dedicated area, the land characteristics such as regular (square, impersonation, and elongation), land area, building floors, the number of elevators, and the distance from the Hyundai Department Store, which are characteristics, are important variables. It is affecting.

Determinants of coopetition and contingency of strategic choices: the case of professional football clubs in France

ABSTRACT Research question: The research aims to identify the determinants of ‘coopetitive’ strategies compared to more competitive or cooperative ones, while examining the contingency of strategic choices to strategic groups. The focus is on French professional football over the 2006–2017 period. The contribution to the literature comes from using strategic groups and breaking down specific characteristics of player transactions in this industry. Research methods: The methodology is based on an exploratory statistical analysis composed by cluster analysis. First, a Pearson's principal component analysis (PCA) is conducted, before using K-means classification. Results and Findings: Results provide empirical evidence for a high contingency of strategic choices. The taxonomy found is closely related to the economic, financial and sporting characteristics of a club. Belonging to a specific class highly influences the strategy a club can implement. In addition, the diversity of club behaviours in the league are highlighted. Implications: Our findings bring relevant information for practitioners about their strategies and the managerial implications of a potential reform of player transactions between teams. Indeed, FIFA is working on a reform to limit the number of outgoing loans that a team can use and better control the transfer system.

An analysis of intermunicipal consortia to provide waste services based on institutional collective action

Abstract This article analyzes the factors that affect local governments’ decision-making processes on whether to engage in cooperative agreements through intermunicipal consortia. Several studies have examined this issue in Western developed countries, but there is a gap in the literature regarding the phenomenon in the developing world. The research addresses this gap and observes the Brazilian local governments’ policies on waste services, focusing on cooperative agreements such as interlocal consortia. These arrangements may be a solution to the political and managerial challenges of providing public services in many areas, including waste collection, treatment, and disposal. However, it is still unclear what factors influence municipalities in their decision to cooperate. Based on cross-sectional research exploring 963 Brazilian municipalities and on the perspective of Institutional Collective Action, this study identified characteristics of communities, transaction characteristics of goods, and the structure of policy networks that influence the local governments in their decision to work cooperatively. The findings shed light on the field of public policies, particularly those carried out through intermunicipal consortia.