Ferulic Research Articles

Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Different Parts of Malus domestica L. in Iraq

The current study was designed to estimate the qualitative and quantitative analyses of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds extracted by two different techniques (maceration and soxhlet) for three aerial parts (leaves, stems, and petioles) of Malus domestica grown naturally in Iraq. A general phytochemical investigation of the three parts of the plant had been carried out before the extraction process. Qualitative estimation was held through the Thin Layer Chromatographic Technique to visualize separated fluorescent spots as proposed phenolic and flavonoid compounds corresponding to standard compounds. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were determined by colorimetric methods and by HPLC method. The free radical scavenging assay for (DPPH) was carried out to measure antioxidant activity for all extracted portions. Phytochemical screening of the three parts of Malus domestica showed the presence of different active constituents such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and glycosides. The maceration extraction technique resulted in a higher yield for all fractions compared to the Soxhlet technique. The results also showed a variation in the phenolic compounds among the different parts, revealing that the leaves of Malus domestica had a high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids compared to the other parts, while the petioles (extracted by soxhlet) showed the strongest antioxidant activity (86.01 %) compared to other parts. Based on HPLC assay, the components obtained from leaves, stems, and petioles ethanolic extract were declared to contain 7 phenolic acids (including ascorbic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffic acid, and ferulic acid). Whereas, 10 flavonoids (including rutin, quercetin, myricetin, catechin, kaempferol, hispartin, isorhamnetin, apigenin,coumarin and luteolin) were identified.

Application of a Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Resveratrol, Ferulic Acid, Quercetin, Retinol, and α-Tocopherol in a Cold Cream—Permeability Study

Due to the rapid increase in the use of anti-aging cosmetic products, there is a need to develop valid analytical methods to control their quality. The present work deals with the development and validation of a new chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of five lipophilic components (resveratrol, ferulic acid, quercetin, retinol, and α-tocopherol), with anti-aging properties, in a cold cream (w/o). For the HPLC-UV separation of the active ingredients, an HS, Discovery® Supelco (Supelco Inc., Bellefonte, PA, USA), C18 column (25 cm × 4.6 mm), 5 μm (at 40 °C) was used as a stationary phase while a binary system of A: Acetonitrile with formic acid 0.2% and B: H2O with formic acid 0.2%, in gradient elution (flow 1.5 mL·min−1), was used as mobile. The analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines Q2(R2), where linearity (r2 ≥ 0.998), selectivity, precision (% recovery 97.1–101.9), and accuracy (%RSD < 2) were evaluated. The processing of the samples for the recovery of the five analytes from the cream was investigated by experimental design methodology and the cross D-optimal technique (% recovery 98.5–102.9, %RSD < 2%, n = 5). Finally, the same analysis was applied to study the transdermal penetration of the active ingredients incorporated in cold cream (over a period of 8 h). Their behavior was compared with the corresponding one in suspension using Franz cells in a vertical arrangement. The new method is considered reliable for the analysis of the anti-aging product.

Chromatographic profiling of bioactive polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant evaluation of ethnobotanical leafy vegetables (Amaranthus spinosus and Glinus oppositifolius) from the hilly regions of Bangladesh

Amaranthus spinosus and Glinus oppositifolius are leafy vegetables commonly consumed by indigenous populations in the Bandarban hill tracts of Bangladesh due to their distinct sensory characteristics and therapeutic properties. This study aimed to analyze the bioactive polyphenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts of both plants using HPLC-DAD and evaluate their antioxidant potential. Results revealed that G. oppositifolius had higher total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity and IC50 values compared to A. spinosus. However, A. spinosus exhibited a higher total tannin content. The chromatographic analysis identified various bioactive compounds, including gallic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, catechin, rutin hydrate, kaempferol, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid in A. spinosus. Similarly, G. oppositifolius contained gallic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, catechin, rutin hydrate, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, trans cinnamic acid, and vanillin. These polyphenol-rich extracts possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them promising candidates for nutraceuticals, functional foods, and industrial applications.

Vicia faba overcomes drought stress by spraying with Xerophytic Anabasis setifera extract

Drought stress is a prevalent environmental factor significantly impacting the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop. Anabasis setifera, a plant extract (ASE), has been found to potentially regulate plant responses to drought stress for the first time. The study examined the effects of applying an exogenous ASE on the physiological, biochemical, and yield responses of faba bean plants under three soil water regimes: well-watered (8-day irrigation intervals), moderate drought stress (12-day irrigation intervals), and severe drought stress (16-day irrigation intervals). The HPLC analysis of ASE revealed that it contains major phenolic compounds such as rutin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, and coumaric acid. The extract also contains catechin, quercetin, syringic acid, pyro catechol, and methyl gallate. The study found that faba bean plants showed enhanced drought resistance after treatment with ASE. This treatment improved growth parameters like shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, leaf and flower number, and reduced the negative impacts of drought stress on chlorophyll levels and metabolic activities. The study indicates that plants treated with ASE, including catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase, can significantly mitigate drought stress effects, improve yield trials, and enhance seed components, making it cost-effective and ecologically beneficial.

Comprehensive biochemical profiling of coconut haustorium for innovative food industry applications

ABSTRACT Coconut haustorium is a tropical delicacy that mobilizes nutrients from the endosperm to nourish the germinating embryo. This study profiles coconut haustorium for sugars, organic acids, phenolics, and flavonoids using advanced chromatographic techniques. Fructose (62.70%) and glucose (18.21%) were the major sugars with negligible lactose, suggesting potential use in baby food and for lactose-intolerant individuals. Malic acid (71.79%), citric acid (12.80%), and shikimic acid (7.59%) were the prominent organic acids, contributing to the haustorium’s unique taste and refreshing flavor. Ferulic acid (60.96%) and p-coumaric acid (22.05%) were the prominent phenolic acids, while naringenin (35.36%) and catechin (29.68%) were the primary flavonoids. Total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (61.18%) were also recorded, confirming the presence of bioactive compounds. The study reveals coconut haustorium as a rich source of readily available natural sugars, organic acids, phenols, and flavonoids offering potential for developing innovative nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Chemical profiling and biological activity evaluation of propolis from Çayeli-Rize, Eastern Black Sea Region, Anatolia

The constituents of the aqueous, ethanol, hexane, and methanol extracts of Anatolian propolis collected from the Eastern Black Sea Region (Çayeli-Rize) were investigated by GC–MS, HPLC and AAS. Interestingly, lactulose has been identified. Ten phenolic compounds, namely caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, taxifolin, quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, silicristin, silibinin and gallic acid were determined. The contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids varied between 17.04–642.59 and 1.18–2749.20 ppm, respectively. Minerals found in propolis were Na, K, Ca, Mg and Zn. The methanol extract had the highest antiproliferative activity against the A549 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.1821 µL/mL. The extracts showed higher antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive bacteria.

Nutraceutical Enrichment of Cracker with Incorporation of Bamboo Shoot and Green Gram Flour

Functional food products in the form of ready to eat (RTE) foods are gaining attention in recent years. Consumers are looking for the RTE with enhanced nutritional components and nutraceutical properties. In the present study, a functional food of cracker (RTE) is formulated by combination of Joha rice, bamboo shoot and green gram flours as main ingredients. The results revealed that protein and dietary fiber contents of the cracker were found to be 17.05 and 15.77 g/100g, respectively. The B-group vitamins of B3, B5, B6 and B9 in cracker were found to be 2.04, 2.50, 0.57 and 12.59 mg/100 g, respectively. Among the fat-soluble vitamins, the predominant vitamin in the cracker was vitamin E (11.655 µg/1000g) followed with vitamin A (24.09 µg/1000g) and vitamin K (0.59 µg/1000g). The predominant fatty acids in crackers were linoleic acid (46.28%) and palmitic acid (22.34%). Polyphenolic profile analysis revealed the higher content of gallic acid followed with protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid and luteolin in the cracker. The phenolic composition was analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC) and total carotenoid content (TCC). Antioxidant activity was analyzed by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC assays. Enzyme inhibition activity for α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was found to be 62.43 and 47.97 of IC50 μg GAE/mL in the cracker, respectively. The developed functional food (cracker) was found with higher retention percentage of prime nutrients including protein, dietary fiber and vitamins along with vital polyphenols.

Degradation of cinnamic acid by the rhizosphere strain <i>Achromobacter insolitus</i> LCu2

The Achromobacter insolitus LCu2 strain, isolated from the roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), utilized cinnamic acid, as well as its methoxy derivatives ‒ vanillic and ferulic acids ‒ as the only carbon source. Weak growth was observed on m-coumaric acid, but not on o- and p-coumaric acids. Growth on cinnamic acid was slow and diauxic. The loss of substrate from the cultivation medium was 53%, the destructive efficiency was 30 μg/mg of raw biomass for 14 days. Despite the bactericidal effect of cinnamic acid, the A. insolitus LCu2 culture remained viable for a long time. Genomic analysis revealed two gene clusters, hca and mhp, responsible for dihydroxylation of the phenyl ring (hcaA1A2CDB) and its subsequent cleavage to central metabolic products (mhpACDE), as well as a transcriptional regulator (hcaR) and a putative transporter (hcaT). A putative biochemical pathway for cinnamic acid degradation by A. insolitus strain LCu2 was predicted using genomic data.

Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Telephium imperati L.

Telephium imperati L. is one of the most valuable spices used by Algerians for food and different medicinal purposes. Here, we report the main phenolic compounds of T. imperati that grows in arid regions and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. The phenolic profiles of methanolic and aqueous extracts of T. imperati roots was obtained using HPLC-DAD, whereas antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium ferricyanide, and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by measuring the level of protection of the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane against hypotonicity-induced lysis. The anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTT assay against three human cancer cell lines (HT-29, PC-3, A-549) and one non-tumorigenic (CCD18-Co) cells. Our results showed that the methanolic extract was rich in phenols (493.17±0.0 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (271.56±0.1 mg QE/g), and tannins (106.50±2.3 mg CE/g). The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that caffeic acid (78.61 mg/g), ferulic acid (49.12 mg/g), rosmarinic acid (42.80 mg/g), coumarin (39.87 mg/g), rutin (37.68 mg/g), myricetin (25.62 mg/g), syringic acid (18.90 mg/g), and quercetin (18.65 mg/g) were mainly present in T. imperati extracts. Although the DPPH assay showed slight antioxidant activity for both extracts, the methanolic extract exhibited significant potent anti-inflammatory action in all in vitro tests, protecting HRBC damage and BSA denaturation at rates of 80.18 and 97.62%, respectively. Likewise, the methanolic extract exhibited an important anticancer activity against the HT-29 and A-549 cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 1.85 to 2.00 log10 μg/mL. Interestingly, no toxic effects on CCD18-Co were observed. Therefore, the present study revealed that T. imperati root extracts are rich in phenolic compounds and could be a promising source of anti-inflammatory and anticancer molecules.

Metabolomics-based analysis of nitric oxide regulation of ginseng herb quality.

Ginsenosides, the primary active ingredients in Panax ginseng, are secondary metabolites. However, their content varies significantly across batches due to differences in environmental conditions and production methods. Ecological stress can increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, and ROS can enhance secondary metabolism. Nitric oxide (NO) can promote the production of O2 ·- and H2O2. This study utilized physiological and non-targeted metabolomics to investigate how NO regulates ginseng quality and how P. ginseng adapts to adversity. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) at 0.5 mmol·L-1 significantly increased ROS levels, with O2 ·- increasing by 64.3% (P < 0.01) and H2O2 by 79.2% (P < 0.01). Nitric oxide influenced P. ginseng metabolism, with 24 metabolites showing significant differences. Rotenone, lactic acid, and gluconic acid, which are involved in ROS metabolism, increased significantly, whereas tyrosine decreased. Metabolites involved in secondary metabolic pathways, including campesterol, ginsenosides Rh1, Rb1, Rc, Rd, Rg3, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, increased markedly, whereas 2,3-oxidosqualene, glucose 1-phosphate, ferulic acid, and pyrogallol decreased. Isocitric acid, succinic acid, and 3-isopropylmalic acid, associated with respiratory metabolism, showed significant increases, but pyruvic acid decreased. Finally, 18:0 Lyso PC and 9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, linked to cell membrane protection, increased significantly, and mannose and raffinose decreased. Sodium nitroprusside enhances the physiological resilience of P. ginseng under stress and improves its quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Antiviral Potential of Spiraea Extracts (Prepared by Repercolation) Against Influenza A (H1N1) Virus.

An antiviral effect of extracts prepared from aerial parts of nine species and from leaves of two species of the genus Spiraea L. was investigated for potential antiviral activity toward influenza A (H1N1) virus. The toxicity of dry extracts was analyzed, and the most selective extract was identified in vitro. The study's material was collected in the Asian part of Russia. The plant extracts were prepared via three-stage countercurrent repercolation involving a complete cycle. All 40%-ethanolic extracts from Spiraea manifested antiviral activity against influenza A (H1N1) virus, with a selectivity index (SI) ranging from 1 to 10. IC50 values indicated that the S. salicifolia L. S15 leaf extract (5.9 µg/mL) has the most pronounced antiviral effect and the lowest toxicity (CC50 = 57.6 µg/mL) among the studied samples. The SI of this extract was 10, which exceeded that of the antiviral agent rimantadine (SI = 6). Biologically active compounds in the extract with the highest antiviral activity were identified using UV spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The S. salicifolia leaf extract was found to contain phenolic acids (chlorogenic, gentisic, caffeic, ferulic, and cinnamic acids), flavonols (quercetin, quercetin-3-glucuronoside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, spiraeoside, avicularin, quercitrin, kaempferol, nicotiflorin, astragalin, and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside), flavones (orientin, luteolin-7-glucoside, and vitexin), and coumarin. Predominant biologically active compounds in the S. salicifolia S15 leaf extract were such flavonols as rutin (19.3 mg/g), isoquercitrin (16.6 mg/g), isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside (10.6 mg/g), and astragalin (9.5 mg/g). Extraction of S. salicifolia leaves by repercolation is a more suitable method for extracting active ingredients with an antiviral effect.

A rapid, non-destructive, and accurate method for identifying citrus granulation using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning.

Citrus fruits are widely consumed for their nutritional value and taste; however, juice sac granulation during fruit storage poses a significant challenge to the citrus industry. This study used Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning algorithms to rapidly, non-destructively, and precisely detect citrus granulation. The investigation analyzed 969 Raman spectral data points, comprising 714 non-granulated and 255 granulated citrus samples. Following logistic regression, decision tree, and partial least squares discriminant analyses, the optimal model was refined using principal component analysis, a successive projection algorithm, and a competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm (CARS). The identified characteristic Raman peaks at certain wavenumbers were used as input data for the classification model, revealing differences in the water, ferulic acid, and sugar contents between granulated and non-granulated samples. The partial least squares discriminant classification model achieved an accuracy rate of 0.997, recall rate of 0.994, and F-fraction of 0.996 after preprocessing the standard deviation data and selecting 22 optimal principal components. The critical peaks extracted from the citrus Raman spectra were those at wavenumbers of 1580 and 1661cm-1. The classification model based on combined second derivative-CARS-partial least squares discriminant analysis exhibited the best performance, achieving 100% accuracy for all test sets. The proposed method provides a scientifically robust and reliable means of assessing the quality of an entire citrus crop. Reduced wastage and economic losses, and the related environmental effects of food waste. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The proposed methods can determine if citrus fruit has become granulated during storage. Additionally, they provide technical support for screening granulated citrus in a pipeline, thereby providing a more scientific and reliable classification of the quality of a citrus crop.

Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Potential Multifunctional Agents in Cosmetic Formulations Used for Supporting the Treatment of Selected Dermatoses.

Cinnamic acid and its natural derivatives were primarily used in cosmetics as fragrance materials as well as skin and hair conditioners. Nowadays, not only natural but also synthetic cinnamic acid derivatives are used as active ingredients of cosmetic formulations. They still serve as fragrance ingredients but also as active ingredients supporting the treatment of selected dermatoses such as acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, and hyperpigmentation. They are also commonly used in anti-aging cosmetic formulations. On the other hand, several cinnamic acid derivatives used as fragrances in cosmetic products are classified as potential allergens which can cause contact dermatitis. The main mechanisms of action proved for various cinnamic acid derivatives include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antimelanogenic properties. Most commonly used cinnamic acid derivatives in cosmetics products are hydroxy acids such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid. Chemical synthesis led to several modified acids, esters, and amides, which also showed the potential to be used in cosmetic formulations.

Sorption of flavonoids and aromatic acids on hypercrosslinked polystyrene in systems with addition of imidazolium ionic liquids

In this work the effect of the addition of five imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) to the water-acetonitrile eluents on the sorption of aromatic acids and flavonoids on hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) was evaluated by reversed-phase HPLC (RP HPLC). It was found that both the nature of the cation and the nature of the anion of the used IL influence the retention of the studied compounds. The retention of aromatic acids and flavonoids in the systems without and with the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to the eluent was investigated. It was shown that the addition of TFA to the water-acetonitrile eluent changes the mechanism of action of imidazolium ILs on the retention of sorbates on HPS. In particular, the sequence of elution of ferulic acid, salicylic acid and caffeic acid in the systems with addition of ILs to the mobile phase on HPS varies depending on the pH of the medium (depend of the addition of TFA). The Snyder-Soczewiński and Soczewiński–Wachtmeister models were used to evaluate the influence of water-acetonitrile eluent composition on the retention of studied compounds. The angular coefficients of the corresponding models were calculated.

Extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity analysis of Ficus carica L. seed oil using supercritical fluid technology

The rationale behind this study was to investigate the potential of fig (Ficus carica L.) kernel oil as a source of bioactive compounds, particularly focusing on its phenolic compounds, due to the increasing interest in plant-based oils with antioxidant properties for use in functional foods and nutraceuticals. The primary objective was to identify and quantify the active phenolic components present in fig kernel oil. Utilizing an additional co-solvent in the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process, specific phenolic compounds, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, and syringic acid, were exclusively identified in the CO2 + ethanol (IC-2-1) sample. Furthermore, other notable compounds, including vanillin, verbascoside, ferulic acid, luteolin 7-glucoside, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol, were detected in both the IC-2-1 and CO2 (IC-1-1) samples. These findings suggest that fig kernel oil with its rich phytochemical profile, is a promising alternative oil source and has significant potential as a functional food ingredient. Further research on the SFE of fig seeds and oil is recommended to expand its applications and potential health benefits.

The name of the compound and allelopathic effect of metabolites produced by common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

Purpose. To identify the phytochemical composition of the aboveground biomass of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., the effect of its root exudates on major crops within agroecosystems, and the competitiveness of this weed species compared to other plants. Methods. Allelopathic, chemical, physiological-biochemical, analytical, and statistical methods. Results. The biomass of A. artemisiifolia contains a high concentration of essential physiologically active components, with coumarins being the most prevalent at 2.97%. The roots of A. artemisiifolia release protocatechuic acid, n-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, n-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid into the rhizosphere. Phytotoxic extracts from the vegetative organs of A. artemisiifolia reduced seed germination in winter pea by an average of 37–50%, in maize by 27–40%, in sorghum by 17–22%, and in sugar beet by 12–28%. Root phytotoxic extracts and rhizosphere soil extracts significantly decreased seed germination in the studied crops: in winter pea by 71% and 78%, respectively, in maize by 42% and 38%, respectively, in sugar beet by an average of 26%, and in sorghum by 33% and 16%. Sunflower demonstrated the highest resistance, with seed germination reduced by only 7%, 5%, and 4% when treated with phytotoxic extracts from the stems, leaves, and inflorescences of A. artemisiifolia, respectively. Phytotoxic extracts from the soil and roots reduced sunflower seed germination by 11% and 6%, respectively. The highest competitiveness against the allelopathically active components of the weed species was exhibited by yellow mustard (Sinapis alba), sorghum, and creeping couch grass (Elymus repens), as their phytotoxic soil extracts reduced A. artemisiifolia seed germination by 75%, with creeping couch grass and sorghum extracts reducing germination by 88% and 68%, respectively. Conclusions. Water extracts from the vegetative and generative organs of A. artemisiifolia contain significant amounts of physiologically active components that impact the quality of seed germination in the studied crops. It was found that sunflower seeds are resistant to the allelopathically active substances of the A. artemisiifolia. Yellow mustard, sorghum, and creeping couch grass demonstrate resistance to the phytotoxic components of A. artemisiifolia, due to their high levels of phytochemical compounds capable of inhibiting seed germination of this highly allelopathic weed.

Decolorizing of seaweed extract by electrocoagulation

Electrocoagulation (EC) is a technique commonly used in wastewater treatment to remove biological and chemical contaminants, but the process has the potential to be used in clarifying plant extracts for the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites. Seaweed extracts contain copious amounts of chlorophyll and other pigments that obscure the characterization of secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. In place of conventional methods that utilize solvents, EC can potentially be applied to clarify and fractionate extracts. In this research, an EC duration of 30 min (22 V, 0.3–0.5A) with aluminum electrodes resulted in a significant decrease, about 76%, of chlorophyll and 70% of carotenoids from seaweed extract measured at 666 nm and 410 nm. The decrease in extract green and yellow color intensity also mirrored a decrease in total phenolic content (TPC) of the extract from 54 ± 1.55 mg GAE/g DW to 3.2 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW after 30 min of EC. However, the phenolic acid profile of the extract after electrocoagulation via HPLC-RP indicated the removal of an interference probably caused by polymeric compounds from the extract, thus leaving the simple phenolic acids in solution for detection. The major phenolic acids detected in seaweed crude extract were p-coumaric, o-coumaric, ferulic and syringic acid. Flavonoids detected included catechin, epicatechin, quercetin-3-glucoside and rutin. The results of this study show the potential of replacing conventional plant extract purification methods with a green method that requires no additional solvent.Graphical

Kopi, Trend Minuman Kekinian Dengan Banyak Manfaat Komponen Bioaktif

Coffee is a widely enjoyed beverage in Indonesia and around the world, holding a significant role as a key commodity in Indonesia's plantation sector. This beverage is popular not only for its distinctive flavor but also for its various health benefits. This article reviews several main bioactive components in coffee, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, as well as the potential health benefits of each. Caffeine is known as a stimulant that can enhance alertness, reduce drowsiness, and acts as a potential antioxidant. Chlorogenic acid functions as an anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity agent, helping to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Ferulic acid has strong antioxidant effects and is used as a diabetes therapy due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress, while caffeic acid is known for its anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, supporting the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This article also discusses the mechanisms of action for each bioactive component within the body, particularly on the nervous system, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant activity. Through this review, coffee is understood not only as a refreshing beverage but also as a potential agent in the therapy and prevention of various chronic diseases.

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Extraction from Multiple Lignocellulosic Sources: Correlations with Substrate Composition and Taxonomy for Flavoring and Antioxidant Applications.

The extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCADs) is a strategy for lignocellulosic biomass valorization due to their high value-added nature and the possibility of application as flavoring and antioxidants. This study proposes correlations between the composition and taxonomy of 28 globally available agro-industrial feedstocks with the production of HCADs using chemometric tools. Principal component analysis indicated strong correlations between ferulic acid release and hemicellulose type and content, especially in grass biomasses. Conversely, p-coumaric acid release was mainly correlated with cellulose content across diverse taxonomic origins. Among the evaluated agro-industrial feedstocks, corn-based biomasses were identified as prime sources of ferulic acid after mild alkaline treatment, releasing up to 10.5 g kg-1 and producing hydrolysates with an antioxidant capacity up to 3.3 mmol Trolox equivalents g-1. Notably, sugar cane bagasse was the best source of p-coumaric acid, yielding 4.8 g kg-1. Corn hydrolysates were successfully converted into 4-vinylguaiacol using a genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, achieving high yields of 0.75 g L-1. This work enhances our understanding of HCAD sources and biomass valorization strategies, demonstrating potential applications in the food and cosmetics sectors.

Identification of Viral Diseases and Influences on Yield and Quality of Angelica sinensis

Angelica sinensis is a perennial herbaceous species mainly cultivated in the Gansu, Yunnan, and Qinghai provinces of China, and its dried roots have been widely used for nourishing blood and harmonizing vital energy, largely relying on its bioactive compounds (e.g., alkylphthalides, polysaccharides, and flavonoids). In recent years, viral diseases have been suspected to be present in A. sinensis in field cultivation. In order to reveal the infection status and causes, a survey and the identification of viral diseases and their influence on the yield and quality of A. sinensis were conducted in four different counties of Gansu province. The results showed viral disease rates of ca. 21% to 37% for potato virus Y (PVY) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), as well as ca. 2.8- to 8.9-fold decreases in root yield on a unit-area basis; meanwhile, the contents of the main bioactive compounds (i.e., ferulic acid, ligustilide, and polysaccharides) were significantly lower in the virus-infected plants (VIPs) compared with the virus-free plants (VFPs); there were significant positive relationships of the viral disease rate with planting density and expression levels of the PVY-coat protein (CP) and ToMV-CP genes (p &lt; 0.01). The above-mentioned observations indicate that it is necessary and urgent to take measures (e.g., controlling plant density, rational rotation, and using virus-free seedlings) to prevent the spread of plant viruses.