Leadership Traits Research Articles

Presidential Personality and Foreign Policy Decision-Making: The Sunshine Policy under Kim Dae-jung (1998–2003)

This study uses leadership trait analysis to examine the link between personality and policy regarding South Korea's Sunshine Policy toward North Korea and demonstrates that Kim Dae-jung's personality characteristics largely accounted for this policy's content, process, and outcome. With an analytical focus on the decision-making system, this study finds that Kim's formal model was characterized by a control deemed inherently more indirect, subtle, and socialized than direct, personalized, or outright. Specifically, this type of control can be attributed to Kim's personality traits, such as a persistently high need for power and relationship focus, along with other idiosyncratic style variables, such as disinclination toward interpersonal conflict, a sense of efficacy, and a sophisticated cognitive quality. President Kim's resulting management style had the e ect of empowering members of his advisory group and invigorating the policy process. In addition, the president's trusted chief of staff, who served as a competent and thoughtful custodian manager with substantial authority, helped manage the system effectively and enhanced its stability. The study concludes that Kim Dae- jung's management style, incorporating socialized control over decision- making, combined with his advocate leadership style in implementation (marked by a relentless push for his rapprochement agenda and a tendency to challenge constraints indirectly), helped accelerate the overall policy process. This contributed to the improvement of inter-Korean relations during his presidency.

THE ROLE OF PROACTIVE PERSONALITY IN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

The importance of the human factor in organizations is increasing by being marginalized with the effect of technology, and managers are expected to show more advanced behavior patterns instead of just doing what their roles require. In this study, the role of proactive personality traits of public institution managers working in Hakkâri on transformational leadership traits was researched. The data gathered in this research were obtained by conducting face-to-face interviews with the managers of the institutions working in Hakkari. Later on the data were analyzed in the qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the analysis, the interviewed corporate executives stated that their proactive personalities mostly manifest themselves in the professional and institutional development dimension; stated that they acted proactively in realizing qualitative or physical change. In addition, it has been determined that corporate managers are a source of inspiration by including their employees in the decision-making process, they are role models for the employees by being in the field, they develop team spirit by emphasizing the concept of us consciousness, they show individualized attention by being sensitive to personal needs, and they display transformational leadership characteristics in the dimensions of encouragement. Finally, it was revealed that the managers of the institutions interviewed generally use the words "we" and "our".

Investigating Expectancy Values in Online Apparel Rental during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderating Effects of Fashion Leadership

Online apparel renting has become a popular type of consumption. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the sharing economy, including online renting. This cross-sectional study examined the effects of expectancy values on intention towards online apparel rental during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and investigated the moderating role of personal traits of fashion leadership. A total of 431 valid samples from college students in the US were collected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test the hypothesized relationships, and moderation analysis was performed to test the moderating effects of fashion leadership. The results indicated that expectancy values affecting consumer intention toward online apparel renting varied during and post-pandemic. The results also indicated that fashion leadership moderated the links between relative advantage and intention to rent apparel online during the pandemic, while it moderated the relationships between compatibility and psychological ownership and intention toward online apparel rental after the pandemic. This study sheds light on the expectancy values that shape consumers’ intentions to rent apparel online, considering moderating effects of fashion leadership from which strategic marketing and communication plans could be developed to enhance consumer experience and engagement and expand the online apparel rental market.

A Bibliometric Review of Research on Intelligence in Leadership Studies

Intelligence has always been a key factor in people’s assessments of leaders and has featured on most profiles of leadership traits and competences. However, the disparate nature of research on intelligence in leadership studies means that it is time to take stock and to consider what has been learned. We do this by reporting a bibliometric analysis of published scholarly work on intelligence as it relates to leadership. The article begins with a short narrative review of intelligence in leadership studies before 1991, which demonstrates the long history of intelligence being conceptualized as IQ, general intelligence, wisdom, and intellect. This is followed with a bibliometric analysis of the topic from 1991 to 2022, which demonstrates how emotional intelligence has become the primary focus of leadership intelligence scholars. The implications of this shift of scholarly attention are discussed at the end of the article. In addition, we discuss the implications for implicit leadership theory (ILT) and demonstrate that the intelligence attribute in ILT frameworks is underdeveloped.

Impact of transformational leadership on employee motivation and performance in supply chain management

The study aimed to investigate transformational leadership’s influences on employee performance and motivation in supply chain management (SCM). Considering the effectiveness of transformational leadership traits in motivating subordinates in every organization, the purpose of the current research was to criticize how transformational leadership facilitates motivating employees in supply chain workplaces. A mixed approach methodology based on qualitative-interpretive and quantitative-positivism research design was chosen to gather data from the participant’s group. A randomly selected sample of 12 top, middle and bottom-level managers from supply chain organisations was chosen as the participants for the qualitative open-ended in-depth interviews and the quantitative survey-based questionnaires. Interview findings were analysed using thematic analysis. On the other side, statistical analysis of the survey findings reported the impacts of transformational leadership on enhanced employee productivity, employee motivation, employee turnover and supply chain management business. The study found that all the transformational leadership characteristics are necessary to motivate alongside improving operational efficiency among the employees in a supply chain workplace. Overall results concluded that with their Intellectual simulation, Idealised Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Individualized consideration, Contingent Reward, and Expectation Management. transformational leaders and managers ensure employees are motivated to pursue agility and overall performance of supply chain management is improved via brand position in the market. In terms of practical implications, the study recommended that SCM organisations need optimized procurement and allocation of resources at different processes to leverage on impacts of transformational leadership.

Islamic Leadership: Prophet Muhammad as a Role Model for being Charismatic, Transformational, and Servant Leader

A well-functioning organization or company requires a capable leader who can effectively motivate and influence the people around them. Numerous leadership models serve as the foundation for appointing leaders in different organizations. For a devout Muslim, the Prophet Muhammad SAW serves as an exemplary leader. This qualitative study, utilizing a literature review method, aims to uncover the leadership traits of the Prophet Muhammad SAW within three leadership models: Charismatic Leadership, Transformational Leadership, and Servant Leadership. The results proofs how Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) embodies transformational leadership by articulating a visionary perspective of the future and inspiring his followers to achieve greatness. Furthermore, it highlights his role as a servant leader, prioritizing the needs of others, fostering meaningful relationships, and cultivating a sense of togetherness within the community. By analyzing the principles employed by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), this research provides valuable insights into the application of his leadership traits for contemporary leadership models, encouraging leaders to emulate his exemplary qualities for the betterment of their organizations and communities.

Authentic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors: How do harmonious passion and obsessive passion mediate?

PurposeAmong different leadership styles, scant hospitality researchers have studied the link between authentic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). This article examined the associations among authentic leadership, job passion, and OCBs and examined the mediation effect of job passion.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires were distributed to 314 Taiwan's hotel employees. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the hypotheses of this study.FindingsThe results indicated that authentic leadership positively affects harmonious and obsessive passion and that harmonious passion positively affects OCBs directed to individuals (OCBI) and OCBs directed to the organization (OCBO), whereas obsessive passion positively affects OCBI. Furthermore, harmonious passion mediates the linkage between authentic leadership and OCBs (both OCBI and OCBO), whereas obsessive passion only mediates the linkage between authentic leadership and OCBI.Practical implicationsTraining programs for hotel managers should incorporate courses on authentic leadership to strengthen managers' skills. Succession plans for managers should prioritize the promotion and retention of candidates with authentic leadership traits. Furthermore, managers should use authentic leadership to create a transparent employee incentive system and career development plans, thereby creating a workplace with fair rewards and opportunities for promotion.Originality/valueThe major contribution is that it expands the knowledge of hospitality leadership and determines the linkages among authentic leadership, job passion, and OCBs. Furthermore, job passion was revealed as a mediator in the authentic leadership–OCB association.

Entrepreneurial leadership of academic managers in cram schools under double reduction policy in China: conceptualizing competencies and resilience (El liderazgo emprendedor de los gestores académicos en los centros de apoyo al estudio ante una política de reducción doble en China: conceptualización de las competencias y la resiliencia)

ABSTRACT Leadership issues in shadow education are under-researched in national, regional and international contexts. In China, local and central governments have imposed stringent control on academic K9 paid tutorial lessons, provided by cram schools under the new double reduction policy (DRP). Many large-scale cram schools have undergone drastic changes in their organizational structure, marketing strategies and the working environment under the COVID-19 attack and DRP. This study aims to conceptualize how their academic managers in some regions of China exhibited traits of entrepreneurial leadership involving competence and resilience. Qualitative research methods included content analysis of policy documents, observation of tutorial lessons and semi-structured interviews with academic managers. Without overgeneralization, this study merely acts as a motivational guide for complementing the existing research literature on cram schools in China and enriching the international research literature on entrepreneurial leadership in mass tutoring.

Impact of Authentic Leadership traits in Engineering Sector using MCDM

This study aims to develop a conceptual model that establishes a connection between Authentic Leadership (AL), employee engagement, and organizational innovation within Pakistan's engineering sector. Employing a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) technique, the study investigates the interaction and impact of workers on organizational innovation, generating benefits for both industry practitioners and the academic community. The findings highlight the substantial influence of four key AL traits, namely balanced processing, internalized moral perspective, relational transparency, and self-awareness, on work engagement[8]. By applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and utilizing decision making software, the study identifies the internalized moral perspective as the most crucial criterion for AL outcomes, with a weight of 0.0483. Balanced processing (weight: 0.1220), relational transparency (weight: 0.20894), and self-awareness (weight: 0.25891) follow as subsequent priorities. These outcomes contribute to the development of theoretical understanding in the field. Furthermore, they provide valuable insights to the engineering sector, enabling the cultivation of employee engagement and the enhancement of organizational innovation.The research focuses on elucidating the relationships between AL, employee engagement, and organizational innovation in the context of Pakistan's engineering sector. By adopting a comprehensive MCDM approach, the study offers a thorough analysis of the factors influencing employee engagement, with particular emphasis on the identified AL traits. The findings underscore the significance of balanced processing, internalized moral perspective, relational transparency, and self-awareness as drivers of work engagement[9]. Moreover, the application of the AHP technique reveals the priority weights assigned to these traits, highlighting the critical role of the internalized moral perspective criterion in achieving AL outcomes.The results of this research carry implications for both practitioners and scholars. For the engineering sector in Pakistan, embracing and implementing AL practices can yield substantial benefits, fostering a work environment that stimulates employee engagement and drives organizational innovation. By prioritizing the identified AL traits, organizations can effectively channel their resources and efforts towards enhancing employee engagement and promoting innovation. From an academic standpoint, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence and a conceptual model that sheds light on the interplay between AL, employee engagement, and organizational innovation. The findings serve as a foundation for further theoretical development and future research endeavors in this domain.

Impact of Authentic Leadership traits in Engineering Sector using MCDM

This study aims to develop a conceptual model that establishes a connection between Authentic Leadership (AL), employee engagement, and organizational innovation within Pakistan's engineering sector. Employing a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) technique, the study investigates the interaction and impact of workers on organizational innovation, generating benefits for both industry practitioners and the academic community. The findings highlight the substantial influence of four key AL traits, namely balanced processing, internalized moral perspective, relational transparency, and self-awareness, on work engagement[8]. By applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and utilizing decision-making software, the study identifies the self-awareness as the most crucial criterion for AL outcomes, with a weight of 0.25891.Relational transparency Balanced processing (weight: 0.20894), Balanced processing (weight: 0.1220), and internalized moral perspective (weight: 0.0483) follow as subsequent priorities. These outcomes contribute to the development of theoretical understanding in the field. Furthermore, they provide valuable insights to the engineering sector, enabling the cultivation of employee engagement and the enhancement of organizational innovation.The research focuses on elucidating the relationships between AL, employee engagement, and organizational innovation in the context of Pakistan's engineering sector. By adopting a comprehensive MCDM approach, the study offers a thorough analysis of the factors influencing employee engagement, with particular emphasis on the identified AL traits. The findings underscore the significance of balanced processing, internalized moral perspective, relational transparency, and self-awareness as drivers of work engagement[9]. Moreover, the application of the AHP technique reveals the priority weights assigned to these traits, highlighting the critical role of the internalized moral perspective criterion in achieving AL outcomes.The results of this research carry implications for both practitioners and scholars. For the engineering sector in Pakistan, embracing and implementing AL practices can yield substantial benefits, fostering a work environment that stimulates employee engagement and drives organizational innovation. By prioritizing the identified AL traits, organizations can effectively channel their resources and efforts towards enhancing employee engagement and promoting innovation. From an academic standpoint, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence and a conceptual model that sheds light on the interplay between AL, employee engagement, and organizational innovation. The findings serve as a foundation for further theoretical development and future research endeavors in this domain.

Leader trait analysis of Vladimir Putin: A translation studies approach to personality scores in translated English to Russian speech

The study of how political leader personalities affect the foreign policy of their states is a long-standing query in foreign policy analysis, within which the use of leaders’ speech, or verbal statements, to explain how leaders behave is a methodologically productive subfield. One of the more prominent and reliable methodologies used to assess leader personality through leader speech is Leader Trait Analysis (LTA), developed by Margaret Hermann. However, because LTA was developed using English language vocabulary and grammar, its accuracy using Russian language speeches to discern leader personality traits has relied on translation. Translation is both inefficient and may not accurately transfer the semantics of speech upon which LTA’s results depend. Responding to this issue, this paper applies Mona Baker’s translation studies criteria to qualitatively compare the semantic equivalence, or maintenance of a text’s original meaning, between English translations used to create an LTA profile for Vladimir Putin and Putin’s original Russian speeches. The research identifies the preponderance of grammatical differences between English and Russian in limiting how well English translations of Russian speech maintain semantic equivalence relevant to assessing leader personality. It is concluded that an accurate understanding of Russian leaders’ personalities requires Russian language specific LTA profiling.

School Administrators’ Leadership Traits and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction

School Administrators’ Leadership Traits and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction

Female journalists who have reached the top: perceptions on communication, leadership, and gender bias in the Portuguese press

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand challenges and constraints in reaching top leadership positions for women in the Portuguese press. Specifically, it aims at characterizing their communication and leadership styles, and at identifying main gender biases in newsrooms routines from their point of view.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative method was employed by conducting in-depth interviews with four women who have held higher management positions in Portuguese leading newspapers. Participants were asked to characterize their communication and leadership style, but also newsrooms environment, trying to understand how gender asymmetries persist and manifest. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsWhile considering that Portuguese newsrooms are no longer environments marked by a sexist/macho environment, through increasing female participation, women still represent a minority in leadership. Leadership traits linked to male styles, including assertiveness and courage, were revealed, though mixed with a more participative/relational leadership. Also, female leaders regret when emotional ties with teams are not developed and recognized some degree of privilege towards other women through family support or not having children.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a limited number of interviews, although they represent the few top women leaders in Portuguese journalism.Practical implicationsPolicymaking recommendations derived from conclusions include participative leadership, implementing quotas, and monitoring tools of gender biases and special training.Social implicationsMedia literacy policies and open debates on main media outlets concerning female leadership and communication styles may contributes toward the acknowledgement of lingering gender biases in the industry.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a fuller insight into the identification of leadership and personal traits among women who managed to disrupt stigmas and break barriers. Their voices are seldom heard in studies focusing leadership, so results enable ascertaining whether there is a female way of leading in journalism and comprehending the sense of privilege these women perceive.

A study on Gender Differences in the Performance of Leadership Traits in Chinese Internet Promotion Service Industry

Today, with the rapid development of China's economy, leadership is an important factor in promoting the progress of enterprises. And leadership traits accompanied by the complexity of gender differences further affect organizational climate and business performance. In the traditional concept, men are more inclined to be leaders because they have some stereotyped leadership traits that people think leaders should have, but with the advance of modernization in open innovation, this stereotyped impression has gradually changed. Many modern scholars with open and innovative thinking believe that the characteristics of masculinity are no longer applicable to the contemporary market and working environment, but feminization and neutralization are more welcomed by most employees. The purpose of this survey is to clarify the performance of leadership traits reflected in gender differences among personnel in the Internet promotion service industry in Guangdong Province, China. This includes comparing the leadership traits of the physiological and psychological gender self-assessment of all participants (leaders and non-leaders) and all leaders. Here, Independent-Samples T-Test and One-Way ANOVA in SPSS are implemented in data analysis. The results show that about 1/3 of the 34 leadership traits were significantly different in physiological gender, but few traits were significantly different in psychological gender.

Leadership Trait as Moderator between Work-Life Balance and Employee Productivity: Evidence from Banking Sector of Emerging Economy

Purpose-This research investigates the impact of work-life balance on employee productivity, with a specific focus on female employees in the banking sector of Pakistan. The inclusion of the moderating role of leadership traits adds depth to the study by explaining how individual characteristics influence this relationship.
 Design/methodology/approach- Data were procured from a cohort of 200 female employees actively engaged in employment within the banking industry of Pakistan, employing a self-administered questionnaire as the data acquisition instrument. Subsequent data analysis was executed employing statistical software, SPSS, complemented by the utilization of the PROCESS macro.
 Findings- The research findings reveal a statistically significant correlation between work-life balance and employee productivity. Furthermore, the study discerns that an individual's leadership attributes function as a pivotal moderating determinant in the association between work-life balance and employee productivity.
 Originality/Value- This study explains the equilibrium between the personal and professional dimensions of female employees working within the banking sector, elucidating its influence on employee performance. Additionally, the investigation delves into the moderating influence exerted by leadership traits.
 Practical Implications- This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners, supporting evidence-based strategies for gender equality, work-life integration, and employee well-being. It also highlights the benefits of work-life balance practices adopted by individuals and organizations and contributes empirical understanding of the relationship between leadership traits, work-life balance, and employee productivity.

Developing a Culturally Appropriate Measure of Effective Leadership for Sri Lanka

Research has shown that characteristics of effective leadership differ in different national cultures. Measures available for evaluating effective leadership are limited. There are tools developed in South Asian countries such as India. However, research has shown Sri Lankan cultural values differ from these countries. This paper identified behaviours and traits of leadership that are perceived as important for an effective leader in the Sri Lankan context. It also presents a Questionnaire for Evaluation of Effective Leadership (QEEL) to assess effective leadership in Sri Lanka, and explains the development process of this questionnaire. The QEEL covers eight aspects: motivation, guidance, communication, decision-making, empathy, integrity, and change management. It was designed in three steps: Item generation, Item identification and Validation. QEEL can also be used by organisations and researchers in other countries with similar cultural values.

Leadership Traits in the Door of Opportunity and Teachers’ Perception of a Leader

The paper analyzes the attributes of a colonist or a leader in ‘The Door of Opportunity” aiming to investigate contemporary teachers’ perception of leadership characteristics: courage, intelligence, valuing oneself, knowledge, aesthetics sense and stereotype gender roles which are portrayed in “The Door of Opportunity”. It also focuses to evaluate the extent teachers are in line with the perception of leadership of the society presented in the story, and shown in Alban’s personality, the protagonist of the story. The study uses mixed method; quantitative and content analysis. Based on the results of the content analysis, a questionnaire is designed without referring to the story for the sake of objectivity. The results of the content analysis point out courage and masculinity as an important characteristic of a leader or colonist. The quantitative analysis through a questionnaire shows that a vast majority of the participants consider courage, intelligence, protecting people and good literary taste as positive leadership traits; while, feminine characteristics in male leaders and masculine features in female leaders are viewed negatively. The paper concludes that the participants’ views about stereotype roles of gender in a leader are somewhat compatible with Ann and the society’s perceptions in the text but incompatible with Alban’s stance on leadership qualities.

Examining the Leadership Style of Mike Espy Using Key Leadership Traits

Examining the Leadership Style of Mike Espy Using Key Leadership Traits

The Importance of Islamic Regal Leadership in Zakat Delivery to Its Recipients in Perlis

The purpose of this article is to justify that Islamic regal leadership in Perlis plays a very important role in the delivery of zakat to its recipients with a goal to alleviate poverty. This study argues that Islamic regal leadership benefits the recipients in Perlis by adopting effective Islamic governance based on the principle of al-siyāsah al-sharʿiyyah and adab through the reflections of wisdom and justice in Islam derived from the the Holy Quran. Accordingly, this article discusses how His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Perlis, as the ulū al-amr (Islamic leader), adopts Islamic values and virtues while expressing benevolence (i.e., kindness) by personally hand delivering the zakat to its recipients. The primary data collected were from interviews with selected respondents representing interested parties such as policy makers and zakat contributors. About 30 zakat recipients were chosen to take part in a faceto-face interview. The data collected were analysed through qualitative methods using Atlas.ti 8 and triangulated with the literature to show that virtuous traits, beneficence (i.e., being charitable) and righteousness in Islamic regal leadership in Perlis have benefitted the recipients by transitioning them out of poverty through three positive interdependent factors, namely the important existence of Islamic regal leadership traits in His Royal Highness, the fulfilment of the zakat recipients’ needs and the opportunities for the zakat recipients to set up businesses. The findings of this study are useful to those concerned about Islamic regal leadership and to those responsible for zakat delivery to its recipients. This is a pioneer study, presenting new observations and knowledge pertaining to Perlis.

Representation of Ataturk’s Leadership Qualities in “The 8th Grade Textbook for The History of Turkish Revolution and Kemalism’’, in the Context of the Skills Relevant to the 21st Century.

Textbooks are among the important means of education in terms of instilling leadership skills in students. The characters presented as models in the textbooks play an important part in building up such leadership skills, with the help of quotes from such characters, texts written with reference to them, and the activities developed accordingly. Thanks to his leadership qualities, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is one such character, who continues to provide guidance even after a century. As a model for the students, he arguably plays a role in helping students develop leadership skills. Therefore it is important to analyze his description in the textbook, from a scientific perspective. Against this background, this study presents an analysis of the 8th grade textbook for “The History of Turkish Revolution and Kemalism” course used in the academic year 2021-2022, with reference to Ataturk’s leadership traits and the types of leadership deemed important in the 21st century (Strategic, Authentic, Charismatic, Servant, Transformative, Transactional etc.). The data gathered through document review were than subjected to descriptive analysis. The analysis led to the conclusion that the text represented Ataturk’s leadership traits in tune with the types of leadership prevailing in the 21st century. It is also understood that Ataturk’s strategic, visionary, transformative, charismatic, entrepreneurial, and creative leadership skills were more prominent in the text.