Training Unit Research Articles

Analysis of Corporate University Programs and Their Relevance to E-Government Implementation in Indonesia

Today's digitalization era demands system transformation in all sectors of life, including the government and bureaucratic sectors. State officials’ competence needs to be improved in order to adjust to the digital government environment (e-government). Education and training are essential for coping with the dynamic environment and enhancing the competency management of Civil Servants (ASN), as mandated by Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning ASN. This necessity has led to the emergence of the Corporate University concept in education and training units. This research aims to assess the relevance of the Corporate University program in developing ASN competencies to meet the challenges of e-government in Indonesia. The research employs descriptive methods and qualitative approaches, with data sourced from literature reviews. Data collection is conducted through documentation methods, and problem analysis utilizes Miles & Huberman's data analysis techniques, which include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the Corporate University program is pertinent to the implementation of e-government, particularly in capacity building for civil servants through integrative learning and e-learning-based training in government agencies. Corporate University can be an effective solution to the need for digitally literate civil servants capable of operating an integrated digital service system, especially within local government, which is the closest government unit to the community.

Decreasing incidence of admission neonatal hypothermia in Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: quality improvement project

BackgroundWHO reported that neonatal hypothermia accounts for about 27% of newborn deaths worldwide. It is a serious concern in Ethiopia and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa; it poses a serious...

Performance Analysis of the Brimob Training Unit (Satlat Brimob) Using a SWOT Approach

This research aims to analyze organizational performance measurements at the Brimob Training Unit (Satlat Brimob) using the SWOT method. The study employs a descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The findings reveal several strategies derived from the SWOT analysis. The Strengths-Opportunities strategy involves deploying trained resources to address security needs, collaborating with agencies for suitable and renewable equipment and weapons procurement, and conducting HR training with nationally and internationally accredited agencies. The Weaknesses-Opportunities strategy includes coordinating with the Indonesian National Police (INP) Headquarters to fulfill personnel requirements according to the Personnel and Equipment Composition List (DSPP) and seeking additional budget allocations and supporting facilities. The Strengths-Threats strategy focuses on positioning trained human resources in security areas to counter disturbances from radical groups and evolving crime modes, as well as utilizing adequate equipment to prevent security threats and detect sophisticated criminal activities. The Weaknesses-Threats strategy involves assigning the best personnel to maintain security against radical groups and implementing supporting facilities with information systems to detect crime routes. The research highlights the importance of strategic resource allocation, inter-agency collaboration, and continuous improvement in training and equipment to enhance the Brimob Training Unit's organizational performance and address security challenges effectively. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the Brimob Training Unit in maintaining public safety and security.

The Experience of Non-Full-Time Nursing Graduate Students in China: A Qualitative Study

To address the disconnection between the educational structure of nursing teams and the rapid development of China's medical and health industry, there is a shortage of highly educated nursing personnel. In 2016, Chinese universities introduced a new training model for nursing graduate students: non-full-time nursing graduate students. Due to its late development, this model needs continuous improvement. Understanding the training experience of non-full-time nursing graduate students is crucial for refining the training model. This study explores the experiences of non-full-time nursing graduate students and provides a basis for improving their training in China. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 non-full-time nursing graduate students. Data were collated and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The analysis identified five themes related to the study experiences of non-full-time nursing graduate students: (1) maladaptation to diversified roles; (2) weak scientific research foundation; (3) lack of high-level guidance in clinical practice; (4) concern about social recognition; and (5) lack of educational and training resources. Competent government and training units should fully understand the experiences of non-full-time nursing graduate students and improve their training model from the students' perspective to promote the development of high-quality nursing talents. This will ultimately benefit employers, training units, individuals, and patients.

Descriptive Epidemiology ofMusculoskeletal Injuries During Marine Corps Recruit Training inGender-Integrated andMale-Only Training Units.

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) occur frequently in military personnel. U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) recruits participate in an intense 13-week training program designed to transform civilians into basically trained Marines, during which they are susceptible to MSIs. Previous injury epidemiology research with USMC recruits was conducted in a non-gender-integrated training. Data for the current study were derived from a larger study, the USMC Gender-Integrated Recruit Training study, that was initiated to provide data-driven recommendations for gender integration during USMC recruit training. The purpose of the current analysis was to describe the unique profile of MSIs during USMC recruit training and compare MSIs between female and male recruits in gender-integrated training. Medical record-reviewed MSI data were obtained for recruits in three models of USMC recruit training: two models of gender-integrated recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) Parris Island-the older Series Track (ST) model and the newer Integrated Company (IC) model, and a Male-Only (MO) cohort at MCRD San Diego. Incidence, anatomic region and subregion, event at the time of MSI, MSI type and onset, and disposition following MSI were described for each model. Group comparisons were conducted using Fisher's exact tests or independent samples t tests, as appropriate. MSI data were available for 584 recruits (ST: 98 female recruits, 95 male recruits; IC: 85 female recruits, 106 male recruits; MO: 200 male recruits). The cumulative incidence of MSIs was significantly higher among female compared to male recruits in the ST (59.2% vs. 29.5%, P < .001) and in the IC (25.9% vs. 12.3%, P = .023) cohorts. The most frequent anatomic location for MSIs was the lower extremity (female recruits: ST: 76.5% of MSIs, IC: 88.6%; male recruits: ST: 81.1%, IC: 80.0%, MO: 83.8%). The most frequent body part affected was the hip among female recruits (ST: 26.5% of MSIs, IC: 37.1%). The most frequent body part affected by MSIs among the male recruits was the knee in the ST (32.4%) and IC (53.3%) cohorts and the lower leg (27.0%) in the MO cohort. A significantly greater percentage of female compared to male recruits sustained a hip MSI in the ST (23.5% vs. 2.1%, P < .001) and IC (12.9% vs. 0.0%, P < .001) cohorts. There was no significant difference in knee MSI incidence between sexes in the ST (P = .323) or IC (P = .757) cohorts. A large percentage of MSIs resulted in light duty (female recruits: ST: 69.4% of MSIs, IC: 74.3%; male recruits: ST: 64.9%, IC: 73.3%, MO: 94.6%). This was the first study to assess the burden of MSIs concurrently among female and male USMC recruits in gender-integrated training. MSIs, especially those affecting the lower extremity, continue to occur frequently in this population. Female recruits are more susceptible to MSIs during USMC recruit training compared to male recruits and are especially prone to hip MSIs. Future research should focus on identifying modifiable risk factors for MSIs in this population, with a focus on reducing lower-extremity MSIs in all recruits and hip MSIs in female recruits.

Recruit Perspectives onGender Integration at Recruit Training: A Comparison by Service andGender.

Recruit training is the initial entry for enlisted personnel in the military. The Services execute gender-integrated recruit training differently. The U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) maintains same-gender platoons led by same-gender drill instructors in integrated companies; further integration occurs at select training events. The other Services train recruits in gender-integrated units with mixed-gender drill instructor teams. We examine recruits' experiences and perceptions of gender integration at recruit training, their desired level of integration, and preferences for increasing gender integration, comparing by Service and gender. Recruit perspectives and experiences were captured in a 19-question survey (n = 632) and 90-min focus groups (n = 260) near graduation from recruit training. Data were collected from June to November 2021. Because of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions, the Navy and Air Force were not conducting gender-integrated recruit training during data collection. Outcome variables were compared cross-Service by gender and within Service by gender using chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate; focus group data were analyzed using initial and secondary coding schemes. Three USMC training models, varied by level of integration, were also analyzed (Male-Only, Series Track, and Integrated Company). Significant gender differences across and within Service emerged in recruits' experience being trained by an opposite-gender instructor. Male recruits had significant differences by Service (P < .001), and USMC female recruits reported being trained by male instructors more than their male peers by female instructors (Series Track P = .002; Integrated Company P < .001). In the focus groups, recruits described common differences with how men and women embodied being a drill instructor. Significant gender differences across (both male and female P < .001) and within Service were reported for closeness of training with opposite-gender peers (Air Force P = .028; U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) Integrated Company P = .010; Army P = .048), an expected finding given varied integration during data collection. Male and female recruits had significant differences by Service in their preference for integration at the lowest unit level (both male and female P < .001), with those who experienced integrated training showing higher levels of endorsement. In the focus groups, recruits articulated benefits and challenges of gender-integrated recruit training. Significant gender differences across Service emerged in preferences for more integration in specific training activities. Within Service, female USMC Integrated Company recruits wanted more integration in tactical/field, physical fitness, and classroom training than their male peers (P < .001 for all). In the focus groups, USMC recruits of both genders desired more integrated training events, particularly those involving combat and tactical skill development. This study provided an opportunity to examine recruit perspectives on gender-integrated training. Services valuing opposite-gender instructor exposure in recruit training must ensure that male recruits are being taught and led by female instructors given disproportionate demographics. Recruits who experienced integrated training were more supportive of integration, indicating that this experience may increase their support for gender-integrated training units and environments. Today's recruits understand that they are entering gender-integrated working environments, and our results indicate that they expect recruit training to mirror that reality.

Musculoskeletal injury and medical discharge prevalence during Army basic training

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) pose the primary health and operational risk to the military trainee population particularly those within basic training, leading to several issues such as reduced training time, chronic morbidity, and inevitably increased medical discharge. The purpose of the study was to investigate the current incidence, prevalence, and nature of MSKIs across British Army basic training. In addition to identifying the prevalence of MSKI medical discharges concerning the type and nature of the injury. A retrospective analysis of the Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command MSKI and Medical Discharge database was undertaken. Injury data was collected from Primary Care Rehabilitation Facilities at British Army training units, using a standardised procedure. A multiple-choice questionnaire was used within the initial consultation with the clinician to determine the severity and progression of the injury, whilst consenting to a data privacy notice. Prevalence of MSKIs (% recruits) was articulated in relation to the total number of recruits starting each training year. Over the past decade MSKIs have declined from a peak of 47% in men and 58% in women in 2013/14, to 22% in men and 21% in women in the 2022/23 training year, with the prevalence of female MSKIs being lower than male counterparts for the first time in this population. Trauma and overuse injuries correspond for 48% and 52% of these MSKIs respectively in 2022/2023, whereas historically overuse injuries have been responsible for a greater proportion. These overuse and trauma injuries were most common in the early stages of training. Lower limb injuries were more prevalent throughout training, resembling 2021/22 data where lower limb injuries accounted for c.80% of total MSKIs among both sexes. The total number of MSKIs resulting in medical discharges was 70, constituting 1.1% of all recruits. Among these discharges, 54 were observed in men and 16 in women. The prevalence of MSKIs resulting in medical discharges was 4.5% in men and 12.4 % in women. The gap between MSKI prevalence between sexes has decreased with recent data showing prevalence being similar. Despite this, women had an increased risk of medical discharge, suggesting gender differences in the severity of MSKIs. To reduce MSKI prevalence, strategies should focus on lower limb injuries, with an emphasis on the early stages of training.

THE EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED WORK ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC MOTOR SKILLS IN YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Abstract The goal of this research was to determine the effects of programmed work on the development of specific motor skills in young soccer players. The sample of subjects in this research were football players aged 11 and 12 and they were divided into two equal groups of 30 entities. All participants are involved in the regular training process in their football clubs. The research problem was to determine whether there are positive effects of programmed work on the development of specific motor skills. A total of 6 variables from the area of specific motor skills were used in the research. The experimental work program was carried out over a period of three months and included 38 training units. After initial testing and successfully implemented programmed work and final testing, a significant impact of programmed work on the development of specific motor skills was determined. Specific motor skills that were evaluated on 6 variables in the experimental group showed a significant difference on 4 variables. Keywords: specific motor abilities, work program, training effects, young soccer players

Developing A Holistic Personality Through Leadership Training In The UUM Reserve Officer Training Unit (Palapes)

Developing A Holistic Personality Through Leadership Training In The UUM Reserve Officer Training Unit (Palapes)

A 3-Month Modified Basketball Exercise Program as a Health-Enhancing Sport Activity for Middle-Aged Individuals.

Recreational team sports have received great acceptance lately, in different populations, indicating encouraging results in health-related quality of life. This study examined the efficacy of a 3-month basketball exercise program on selected indices of health (body mass-BM, body fat-BF, blood pressure-BP), functional capacity (flexibility of lower and upper limbs, balance), and physical fitness (maximum strength of lower limbs, trunk and handgrip, aerobic capacity) in middle-aged individuals. Forty middle-aged individuals (males and females; 40-55 years old) were randomly divided into (a) exercise (EG; n = 20) and (b) control groups (CG; n = 20). The EG followed a 3-month modified basketball exercise program (2 times/week; 24 training units), including different basketball drills with and without the ball (dribbling, passing, pivot, stops, etc.), to improve participants' health and physical fitness. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the EG significantly increased their flexibility (17.23-74.88%; p < 0.001), static balance (44.76-54.69%; p < 0.001), and strength of lower limbs and trunk (11.67-13.13%; p < 0.001), while reducing BP (7.31-12%; p < 0.001), heart rate and RPE (5.30-34.37%; p < 0.001), and time during time-up-and-go test (-10.91%; p < 0.001). Handgrip strength, BM, and BF did not change following the program in the EG (p > 0.05). In the CG, the above variables remained stable. In conclusion, this program may be used to eliminate the detrimental effects of aging on health, functional capacity, and physical fitness parameters.

Correlation of Systemic Inflammatory Index and Neutrophil Platelet Ratio with Intracranial Haemorrhage and Mortality After Endovascular Treatment Due to Acute Ischaemic Stroke

Many studies in recent years have shown that systemic and local inflammatory responses following various diseases are important markers of tissue damage. We aimed to investigate the correlation of systemic inflamatory index and neutrophil platelet ratio with intracranial haemorrhage and mortality in patients undergoing endovascular treatment due to ischaemic stroke. Between 2022 and 2024, patients who hospitalised in the Antalya Training and Research Hospital Neurology intensive care unit after endovascular treatment were screened. Patients over 18 years of age with a door-needle time of less than 24 hours and who underwent endovascular treatment for successful internal carotid artery ICA, MCA, and basilar artery occlusion due to acute ischaemic stroke were included in the study. A total of 133 patients were included. intracranial haemorrhage was observed in 59 (44.4%) patients, and exitus developed in 38 (28.6%) patients. There was a correlation between the development of intracranial haemorrhage and systemic inflamatory index and neutrophil platelet ratio. A statistically significant difference was observed between the neutrophil platelet ratio and systemic inflamatory index median values according to mortality status, and neutrophil platelet ratio values were higher in patients who developed exitus. In conclusion, our findings indicate the correlation of systemic inflamatory index and neutrophil platelet ratio independently with intracranial haemorrhage and mortality in patients with endovascular treatment. These noninvasive and cost-effective inflammatory markers may constitute a good biomarker for intracranial haemorrhage and mortality after endovascular treatment. In order to confirm these findings, prospective studies with a larger population of patients are needed.

Enabling older employees' well‐being through HR attributions: The moderating role of management context

AbstractFusing the extant literature on successful aging at work (SAW) and HR attributions, we examined the confluence of employee‐oriented internal HR attributions and unit‐level employee management context on burnout for employees across the age spectrum. Time‐lagged, multi‐level survey data were collected from a sample of 1762 blue‐collar employees from 178 work units at the manufacturing plants of a large firm operating in the Turkish energy industry, which is characterized as a high‐risk safety environment. A cross‐level moderated mediation model was tested using multi‐level structural equation modeling (MSEM). Results supported study hypotheses such that the negative association between age and burnout was mediated by employee‐oriented positive HR attributions, and this indirect association was moderated by unit‐level perceptions of the employee management context. Development‐oriented contexts that emphasized personal development/growth—indicated by the degree of emphasis on innovation strategy, safety training, and active unit safety leadership—weakened the negative indirect (i.e., buffering) effect of age on burnout via less positive HR attributions. Conversely, a maintenance‐oriented context that emphasized maintaining the status quo—indicated by passive unit safety leadership—strengthened said effect through more positive HR attributions. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for fostering employee well‐being across the age spectrum are discussed.

Online Assessment in the Spotlight: A Case Study in a Spanish University

Objective. This exploratory case study aims to analyze the attitudes, practices and preferences of higher education faculty and students in relation to online assessment. Methodology. A quantitative methodology based on a questionnaire was used, and a descriptive and correlational analysis was conducted. Participants included students and faculty members from a Spanish on-site university. Results. Certain similarities and differences in attitudes, practices and preferences between students and teachers are presented. Some relationships, albeit weak, were also identified between the online assessment practices used and some characteristics of the teachers’ profile or teaching (teaching experience, teaching load and class size). Conclusions. The findings show that a large part of the teaching staff shows some reluctance in the design and implementation of online assessment strategies beyond traditional exams, as well as a great concern about student control and the danger of fraud. On the other hand, students show generally more positive attitudes towards online assessment than the teaching staff. The recommendations point to the consideration of the role of institutional support and teacher training units for the improvement of teachers’ digital competence in relation to online assessment, the importance of updating security systems in technical infrastructures, and adjusting the effects of teaching load and class size when online assessment is applied.

Effect of nutritional supplement accompanying functional strength exercises on the special physical abilities and the spiking skill of volleyball players

The process of preparing players and developing their level is of great importance, and it is a comprehensive process that goes beyond the reservoirs of sports training in isolation, but rather seeks to strengthen it with supporting elements, including nutritional supplements. In performing advanced skills in volleyball, including the skill of crushing striking, as well as weakness in special physical abilities. The research aims to: prepare a training program for functional strength that fits the capabilities of the research sample, determine doses of nutritional supplements commensurate with the mass of the players, and identify the effect of the training program for functional strength accompanying nutritional supplements on special physical abilities and the performance of the skill of crushing volleyball.The researchers used the experimental method (designed by the two experimental groups), the first experimental group practiced functional strength exercises with doses of nutritional supplements, and the second group practiced functional strength exercises in isolation from nutritional supplements. The research sample was selected from the specialized school volleyball players. The functional strength-training program was implemented; the researchers concluded the success of the functional strength training program in developing the special physical abilities of volleyball players and the development of the skill of crushing hitting, need for (8) weeks, at a rate of (3) units per week, and a rate of (24) training units.

Feasibility of Combining Functional Mobilisation with Resistance and Endurance Training for Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Intensive Care Unit Setting-A Pilot Study.

Background: Intensive-care-acquired weakness resulting in functional impairment is common in critical care survivors. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a combined early functional training with endurance and resistance training and its effect on the functional outcome. Methods: It is a pilot study performed in a 39-bed Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Patients who were premorbidly independent and were mechanically ventilated for ≥24 h were recruited to receive functional mobilisation (sit out of bed, ambulation), endurance (bed cycling), and resistance training (selected upper and lower limb muscle training using weights). The primary outcomes were feasibility of training, muscle strength, handgrip strength, quadricep strength, and Functional Status Score-Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) collected at the first assessment in the ICU, at the ICU discharge, and at hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were functional capacity (6-Minute Walk Distance) and quality of life measures, EQ-5D, at hospital discharge and at 3 months. Results: Out of the 11 patients, 6 (54.54%) patients achieved level 2 functional mobilisation, 2 (18.18%) patients achieved level 2 resistance training, and 1 (9.09%) patient achieved level 2 endurance training. There were no significant differences in the medical research council (MRC) score, quadricep strength, and handgrip strength between the first assessment in the ICU, at the ICU discharge, and at hospital discharge. However, there was a significant difference in FSS_ICU (p < 0.008) from the first assessment in the ICU up to hospital discharge. EQ-5D visual analogue scale also showed a change of 8.5% at 3-month follow-up. 6MWD showed significant difference (p < 0.043) at 3-month follow-up compared to that at hospital discharge. Conclusions: The study found low compliance to resistance and endurance training in patients with mechanical ventilation. However, functional mobilisation in terms of sit out of bed was possible in more than half of the recruited patients.

E-learning—an interventional element of the PRiVENT project to improve weaning expertise

BackgroundPRiVENT (PRevention of invasive VENTilation) is an evaluation of a bundle of interventions aimed at the prevention of long-term invasive mechanical ventilation. One of these elements is an e-learning course for healthcare professionals to improve weaning expertise. The aim of our analysis is to examine the implementation of the course in cooperating intensive care units.MethodsThe course has been developed through a peer review process by pulmonary and critical care physicians in collaboration with respiratory therapists, supported by health services researchers and a professional e-learning agency. The e-learning platform “weLearn” was made available online to participating healthcare professionals. Feedback on the e-learning programme was obtained and discussed in quality circles (QCs). We measured the acceptance and use of the programme through access statistics.ResultsThe e-learning course “Joint Prevention of Long-Term Ventilation” consists of 7 separate modules with practice-oriented training units as well as a cross-module area and corresponding interactive case studies. Users can receive 23 CME (continuing medical education) credits. The platform was released on July 1, 2021. By June 28, 2023, 214 users from 33 clinics had registered. Most users (77–98%) completed the modules, thus performing well in the test, where 90–100% passed. In the QCs, the users commended the structure and practical relevance of the programme, as well as the opportunity to earn CME credits.ConclusionEspecially for medical staff in intensive care units, where continuous training is often a challenge during shift work, e-learning is a useful supplement to existing medical training.Trial registrationThe PRiVENT study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05260853) on 02/03/2022.

Simplify Standard Operations Procedure Electrical Equipment with QR Codes in Order to Optimize Practical Learning at PT PLN (PERSERO) UPDL Palembang

PT PLN UPDL Palembang is one of the training units for all PLN employees in the southern Sumatra region. In organizing practicum learning, it is very important to ensure that all equipment used is covered by standard operating procedure (SOP) documents. The unavailability of SOP documents has the potential to result in work accidents for participants and learning instructors. In addition, the unavailability of SOP can result in damage to equipment. The unavailability of SOP documents is due to several things. Among them: its existence is unknown; the SOP is too large to be impractical; and the SOP is lost or damaged. Based on data from the last 10 years at PLN UPDL Palembang, there are 45 pieces of practicum equipment damaged because they did not follow SOP, or equivalent to Rp. 283,405,000. To ensure the SOPs are always available, they are made in digital and online form. The SOP document is then created as a QR code, which is printed in small size. The QR code sticker is affixed to the practice equipment. To use digital SOP, users only need to scan the QR code via smartphone on each device. One piece of equipment has one QR code.

Scheduling shared passenger and freight transport for an underground logistics system

With the introduction of freight transportation into the passenger transit network, underground city logistics are regarded as a desirable alternative to address the challenges due to truck movements in urban freight transport. Furthermore, some metro lines suffer from low-capacity utilization because of the unbalanced demand, which provides the potential to expand the extra capacity for freight transportation. Therefore, this study integrates the train unit scheduling problem with combined transportation of passengers and freight during off-peak hours. The objective is to fully utilize the remaining capacity by not only integrating passenger and freight flows but also allowing a flexible composition such that the capacity can better meet the demand. The composition of a trip is defined as its state. A three-dimensional space–time–state network is constructed to capture the composition transitions and passenger/freight trajectories. The problem is formulated as an integer linear programming model to minimize the weighted sum of train unit operational, passenger travel, and freight travel costs. Utilizing the problem-specific characteristics, a constrained-gap-based branch-and-bound approach is developed to efficiently solve the model. The worst bound for each objective is guaranteed by introducing two gaps in the passenger- and freight-related objectives. The nodes with estimated lower bounds exceeding the designated gaps are pruned. A beam search procedure is also included to further reduce the computational complexity. The developed algorithm is tested on real-life instances from the Beijing Metro Network. The results provide insights into the benefits and applicable scenarios for integrating passenger and freight transportation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the number of train units should be carefully determined considering the tradeoff between passenger service quality and freight demand volume.

DETERMINANTS OF CHOOSING A PLACE FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Physical activity is one of the main components of leading a healthy lifestyle. It is recommended not only as a prevention of many diseases, but in the right form also as a form of therapy in most cardiovascular diseases. There are many places where you can practice various forms of physical activity. The aim of the study was to indicate the key factors determining the choice of a sports club as a place of physical activity. The study presents the results of the survey conducted in May 2021 using the CAWI method. 120 respondents took part in the survey. They were mainly students living in cities with over 200,000 inhabitants. The research focused in particular on the following aspects determining the choice of a sports club as a place of physical activity: preferred number of training units per week, duration of training units, preferred location and availability (hours, dates of operation) of the place where physical activity is practiced. In order to identify the factors determining the choice of a sports club as a place of physical activity, questionnaire data was explored using frequency analysis. It was found that the respondents prefer three training units per week, which last 60 minutes. An important factor determining the choice of a sports club as a place for physical activity is its location and accessibility.

The Impact of Mechanical Training in Accordance with Regulating the Optimal Stride Length in the First and Second Straight Phases on the Achievement of 400 Meter Events for Men

The significance of this research is primarily anchored in the sustained interest in athletic achievements and the ongoing process of their development through the application of biomechanics and its integration into the science of sports training. The study aims to focus on the regulation of the optimal stride length according to the runner's height, necessitating specialized mechanical training tailored to specific distances when sprinting in both the first and second straight sections of the 400-meter event. This is proposed through the suggestion of six interval distances (90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40 meters). The research problem delves into the importance of training 400-meter sprinters by leveraging the first and second straight sprints with an ideal stride length, calculated as the runner's height × 1.22 according to James Hay's equation, and utilizing this to compensate for the deficit incurred during curve running due to changes in running mechanics to overcome centrifugal force. In light of their research objectives, the authors hypothesized that there would be no significant statistical differences between the pre-test and post-test measurements of male 400-meter sprinters. The researchers employed an experimental method with a single group to suit the nature of the research problem. The sample consisted of six athletes representing (Army, Police, Militia) clubs. The training program included 24 training units over eight weeks, with an average of three training units per week. The researchers concluded several key findings, notably that the designed training had a significant impact on the sample group, as evidenced by the significant differences observed. In light of the results, the researchers recommend the application of these training methods according to the special equation for calculating the optimal stride length in other activities to enhance performance towards better outcomes.