Programming Training Research Articles

The importance of reaction time to the starting signal on race results in elite motorcycle speedway racing.

The study aimed to determine whether the reaction time (RT) to the starting signal has an impact on the points scored by elite male motorcycle speedway riders, or whether it depends on the starting position (gate). Differences among junior and senior riders, and how it changes during a single match (15 heats) and in the subsequent phases of the competitive season (the main and knockout phases) were investigated. The database of reaction times to the starting signal obtained by motorcycle speedway riders was collected from a mobile application called PGE Ekstraliga ver. 1.0.66 (PGE Ekstraliga, Warsaw, Poland). The database included 1.261 results obtained by 65 male riders (age 25.9 ±7.6 years), competing in the highest league in Poland (PGE Speedway Ekstraliga) in the 2021 competitive season. Reaction time was measured using the Pegasus Speedway © telemetry system (Black Burst, Warsaw, PL). Riders scoring 3 points during a heat had the fastest reaction time (F(3,1257) = 8.90, p<0.001, η2 = 0.02), but RT did not influence the final result of the match (p<0.130). The times differ depending on the occupied starting position (F(3,1257) = 6.89, p<0.001, η2 = 0.02), with the fastest RT in the inner position-A compared to the B (p<0.05) and C (p <0.001) positions. Senior riders showed significantly faster RT (0.246s) compared to junior ones (0.258s) (p<0.001). The width of the starting line affects the reaction time (F(3,1257) = 7.94, p<0.001, η2 = 0.02). In the last (15th) heat of the match, RT was the fastest. The fast reaction time during the start affects the scoring of more points in a heat but depends on riders' experience, the starting position and the straight width of the motorcycle speedway stadium. Coaches should pay attention to these factors when programming training measures.

The relationship of Language Disorder with school child’s psychological and academic compatibility

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between language disorders of school child and psychological and academic compatibility.; In order to achieve this aim, the researchers followed the descriptive method in addition to some educational methods including; Zeineb Cheir’s psychological compatibility scale, and the academic results of pupils who suffer from language disorders, depending on their term averages. Thus; the educational tools were applied to a population of 10 pupils selected intentionally. The study attained the following results:  There existed an inverse correlation between language disorder and school child’s psychological compatibility.  There existed an inverse correlation between language disorder and school child’s academic compatibility. According to the previous results, the researchers formulated a set of recommendations and suggestions including:  Providing the primary schools with specialists on language disorders and psychological care.  Programming training courses for teachers on how to treat pupils who have language difficulties.  Making specialized classes with particular educational methods and tools for this category of pupils. Key Words: Language Disorders, Psychological Compatibility, Academic Compatibility.

Calculation of Angular Coordinates for the Control System of a Two-Link Industrial Robot Manipulator

Introduction. One of the tasks of two-link manipulators of industrial robots that move the end-effector along complex trajectories (e.g., robot welder) is associated with the need for careful programming of their movement. For these purposes, manual programming methods or training methods are used. These methods are quite labor-intensive, and they require highly qualified service personnel. A possible solution to the problem of programming the manipulator movements is the simulation of motion with the calculation of angular coordinates. This can help simplify the geometric adaptation of the manipulator in the process of debugging the control program. Therefore, this work aimed at calculating coordinates for programming the control system of a two-link manipulator operating in an angular coordinate system and moving the end-effector along a complex trajectory (e. g., when welding car bodies). Materials and Methods. A two-link robot manipulator designed for cyclically repeating actions in an angular coordinate system was considered. The manipulator consisted of two rotating links: “arm” and “elbow”, which were fixed on the base. The base could rotate, which provided a third degree of freedom. This configuration increased the working area of the manipulator and minimized the area for its placement in production. The movement of the manipulator end-effector could be performed if the kinematics provided its positioning along three Cartesian and three angular coordinates. For software control of robots, including welding robots operating in an angular coordinate system and performing the movement of the end-effector along a complex trajectory, it was required to calculate the angular coordinates of the movement of the end-effector of a two-link articulated manipulator. The robot control system should determine the position of the tool in the angular coordinate system, converting it for user friendliness into x, y and z coordinates of the Cartesian coordinate system. Results. The relations of angular and Cartesian coordinates have been obtained. They can be used for calculating when programming the control system of a two-link manipulator of an industrial robot and organizing the exchange of information between the user and the control system, as well as for checking the accuracy and debugging the movement of the end-effector of an industrial robot through feedback. Discussion and Conclusion. The presented results can be used for software control of a welding robot operating in an angular coordinate system and performing a complex trajectory of the end-effector of a two-link articulated manipulator (gripper). A manipulator operating in an angular coordinate system can be used for contact spot welding when moving the end-effector along a complex trajectory using a positioning or contouring control system. These systems control the movement of the end-effector along a given trajectory with the help of technological commands.

Penguatan Pembekalan Kemampuan Pemrograman Dasar bagi Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Umum

Basic programming training that teaches problem-solving logic has developed at all ages, from kindergarten, elementary school to higher education age. This happens because at this time, the concept of computing or informatics thinking has been considered to be a basic requirement in everyday life. Various forms of learning the concept of informatics thinking, are designed according to the user's age group so that users can enjoy it. In the community service activities carried out this time, the target of basic programming training is Public High School students, which are open to all schools in Indonesia. This activity was implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic, so this activity was carried out online in the form of a bootcamp through the Zoom meeting application regularly in one month, which was led as a team by a lecturer and several teaching assistants. This training does not stop at delivering material and demonstrations from lecturers but also training assistance conducted by teaching assistants. The material in this training uses the Python programming language. Python was chosen to be used in the training, because currently Python is a programming language that is widely used for simple to complex programming such as data mining and machine learning. Participants can access training materials through the Learning Management System created by Universitas Surabaya to support the dissemination of knowledge to the wider community through the Ubaya Global Academy) platform. Based on the evaluation of the activities carried out before and after the activity was carried out, this activity is considered to provide benefits and can be carried out regularly every year and has follow-up classes.

Teaching of Web Design and Programming as a Role-Playing Team Building Game

The paper examines a form of training whose aim is to teach technologies for designing and styling responsive web page views and implementing web site events by students in an academic environment. In this form of training a role-play, taken by the practice of a software company is simulated. Data collection and evaluation of the results was carried out through qualitative methods of participant observation, survey, interview, and quantitative comparative analysis. The article analyzes in details the role-playing games, training content, stages of implementation and other aspects of the organization of experimental form of training in Web Design and Web Programming. Teaching, as a simulated role-playing game, is performed during six school hours, in two consecutive weeks and consists of four stages. In the role play, students apply knowledge and teamwork skills in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery etc. Each team is made up of five students with roles of manager, web designer, graphics designer, web stylist and web developer. The teams’ organization is based on work products adaptation of the Rational Unified Process Methodology. The end product of the role-playing game is the development of a website by the team, while its final result for the learning process is the knowledge and skills acquired during formal training by the teacher, and the informal training that took place between the students during their teamwork.

Une analyse des pratiques de formation initiale l’algorithmique et à la programmation à destination des enseignants du premier degré

The didactic works whose object of study concerns training practices have relied on the tools developed for the analysis of teaching practices by specifying them in the context of the training (Houdement &amp; Kuzniak, 1996; Emprin, 2007; Sayac, 2012). In this work, we reuse and cross-reference these methodological tools in order to understand the practices of training in algorithms and programming for trainee school teachers. This case study allows us to better understand the challenges of this second year of initial training by highlighting the training knowledge, the strategies used as well as the epistemological postures called upon.

Selecting a Tool Environment for Early Programming Training

Selecting a Tool Environment for Early Programming Training

Physical activity resources and programming for substance use treatment in U.S. residential treatment programs

IntroductionRegular physical activity (PA) provides many physical and mental health benefits for people with substance use disorders (SUDs); however, multiple barriers exist integrating it into their treatment. This study examined the level of PA programming for adults in substance use residential treatment programs (RTPs) in the United States. MethodsUsing the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's treatment locator, RTPs were identified and categorized by facility type (short-, long-term, or combined). In each state, 25% of RTPs from each facility type were randomly selected. A representative from each RTP was interviewed to identify equipment, time, space, and staff available for PA programming. ResultsOf the 193 RTPs interviewed, nearly all valued PA (89.1%) and believed their clients desired its inclusion in their treatment (89.6%). Most RTPs reported having space for PA programming (90.7%), had aerobic (52.9%) and strength training (54.9%) equipment, and included mandatory (57.0%) or optional (87.6%) time in the schedule for PA. Fewer RTPs reported having full- (24.3%) or part-time (56.8%) staff trained to lead PA programming. The most common organizational barriers were a lack of funding/resources (63.7%), space (31.6%), and staffing (11.9%). The most commonly perceived client barriers included a poor mindset/lack of motivation (55.4%), poor physical health (26.4%), client withdrawal/detoxification (14.5%), and general health issues (10.9%). ConclusionsRTPs valued PA and found unique ways to provide space, equipment, and time to offer PA programming. Future research should focus on strategies to overcome client barriers and increase staff qualified to lead PA programming.

Сервис GitHub как инструмент для формирования компетенций в области программирования

Introduction. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is justified by the need to develop a programming training model aimed at the formation of competencies in the field of programming using relevant didactic and software tools and the possibil-ity of introducing the developed model into the process of training specialists in the field of programming. The purpose of the work: justification of the expediency of using the GitHub service in the study of programming and analysis of the effectiveness of the service in the framework of developing competencies in the field of programming. Ma-terials and methods. The materials for the study included the Federal State Educational Standard of the Specialty 09.02.07 “Information Systems and Programming”, a concep-tual Basic educational program for training middle-level specialists, an analysis of peda-gogical experience in order to identify effective practices for the formation of students' competencies in the field of programming. Results. Considering the identified ad-vantages and disadvantages of the GitHub service, a programming training model was designed using the GitHub Internet service. The effectiveness of the developed pro-gramming learning model using the GitHub service was investigated experimentally. As a result of the experiment, the correlation coefficient of ranks was calculated according to Spearman's method. The resulting correlation coefficient exceeded the critical value for the significance level of 1%. This made it possible to reject the null hypothesis of similarity and confirm that the studied rank indicators are associated with a positive cor-relation. Consequently, the higher the student's result of practical and control work, the higher his/her levels of competence formation in the field of programming. Conclusion. The model of programming training using the GitHub Internet service really contributes to the development of the level of programming competencies of future programmers, therefore, allows them to prepare more fruitfully for their subsequent professional activities.

Comparison Between the Effectiveness of Group Hope Training and Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) on Hope and Quality of Life among Children with Cancer

Background: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group hope training and neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) on hope and quality of life among children with cancer.&#x0D; Methods: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group hopefulness and group training of psycho-neurological programming (NLP) on the level of hope and quality of life of children with cancer. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The study participants include all literate 7-18-year-old girls and boys with cancer treated at Amirkabir Hospital (Central Province Children’s Cancer Hospital) and Tabassum Cancer Association (Central Province Cancer Association) in 2016. In total, 60 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into three groups: group hope training (20 people), NLP (20 people), and a control group without any therapeutic intervention (20 people). The Children’s Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Snyder Children’s Hope Scale were used. Multivariate and one-way analyses of covariance were applied to analyze the data.&#x0D; Results: There was a significant difference between group hope training and the NLP group. Both interventions had almost the same effect on the quality of life, while group hope training had a higher effect on dependent variables. Results showed that LNP group training led to increased quality of life and hope, predicting 70% and 40% of their variances. In addition, findings showed the effectiveness of group hope training on increased quality of life and hope and could predict 53% and 84% of their variances, respectively. The findings showed that NLP training and group hope training increased quality of life and hope.&#x0D; Conclusion: According to the findings from this study, LNP group training and hope group training can increase the quality of life and hope. Based on the findings of the present study and the results of previous studies, it can be concluded that group hope and group training of neuro-linguistic programming, based on their basic principles and techniques and changing beliefs and attitudes of individuals and hope for learning, helps children with cancer change the way they react to these events, thus reduce their stress and frustration, and set specific goals for the future that inspires them. These studies show that these psychological interventions lead to positive changes and increase hope and quality of life of children with cancer.

Tools of the Google Colaboratory cloud environment for programming training and the preparation for the unified state exam in informatics

One of the cloud technologies that can be used to teach programming based on the Python programming language is the Google Colaboratory cloud service. This service can be used by teachers both when teaching certain themes of the section "Algorithms and programming" as part of a school informatics course, and when preparing students for the tasks in programming of the Unified State Exam in informatics. The article discusses the possibilities of the Google Colaboratory cloud service for creating interactive notebooks using the example of an interactive notebook and practical work on the theme "A precondition loop", as well as interactive notebooks "Task No. 24 of the Unified State Exam in informatics" for students and teachers. The applicability of these notebooks for programming training based on the Python language as part of a school informatics course and for preparing students for tasks in programming of the Unified State Exam in informatics is substantiated.

The effects of block‐based visual and text‐based programming training on students' achievement, logical thinking skills, and motivation

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the effectiveness of block‐based environments continue to produce inconsistent results. A strong reason for this is that most studies compare environments that are not equivalent to each other or to the level of learners. Moreover, studies that present evidence of the effectiveness of block‐based environments by comparing equivalent environments are limited.ObjectivesThis study aims to scrutinize the effects of programming training to be held in equivalent environments (block‐based and text‐based) with university students who do not have prior programming knowledge and experience on achievement, logical thinking, and motivation.MethodsThe study was conducted by using an experimental pretest‐posttest control group design. The study was conducted with 60 students, the total consisting of 30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. In the experimental group, block‐based visual programming training with Scratch was conducted and the control group received text‐based programming training with Small Basic. The training was maintained for 10 weeks, for 4 h a week in each group. The programming achievement test, the logical thinking skills test, and the motivation scale were used to collect the data.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed that the use of a block‐based environment in programming training contributed positively to the development of students' logical thinking skills, and motivation for learning programming. In contrast, there was evidence that this training did not make a difference on programming success.ImplicationsThe findings of the study provided evidence of the effectiveness of block‐based training in comparisons made in equivalent environments. Focusing research on this issue may contribute to the improvement of the current understanding.

Computer programming in primary schools: Swedish Technology Teachers’ pedagogical strategies

There is a recognized need for research on how to teach computer programming in primary schools in Sweden grades 4–6 (10–12-year-old pupils). Studies of teaching show the importance of teachers’ knowledge of content and pedagogy and how these two parts affect each other (i.e. pedagogical content knowledge [PCK]). Most teachers in Sweden have little or no formal education in computer programming, the revised Swedish curriculum requires them to teach it. The aim of this study is to explore the pedagogical strategies teachers use when they teach computer programming. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants, comprising 12 teachers and 2 teacher trainers. The data were analysed deductively with themes from previous research. The results show that teachers use eight pedagogical strategies, including three new strategies that have been constructed inductively: do-it-yourself, gamification and progression. These eight pedagogical strategies are mostly general, and teachers may be considered regressed experts, as they lack formal training in computer programming. They facilitate learning in a general sense, but, compared to other subjects, their PCK in computer programming is problematized. In-service teacher training is needed to increase content knowledge, thus enabling to develop PCK in computer programming. It would also be fruitful to deepen our knowledge regarding pedagogical strategies in the PCK domain of computer programming.

Programmatic approaches to achieving equity for women in anesthesiology.

Programmatic approaches to achieving equity for women in anesthesiology.

Using Inertial and Physiological Sensors to Investigate the Effects of a High-Intensity Interval Training and Plyometric Program on the Performance of Young Judokas.

The use of inertial and physiological sensors in a sport such as judo is scarce to date. The information provided by these sensors would allow practitioners to have a better understanding of sports performance, which is necessary for an accurate training prescription. The purpose of this study was to use inertial and physiological sensors in order to investigate the effect of a plyometric and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) training program on Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) performance and speed of execution of throws in young judokas. A total of 32 participants were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The intervention consisted of six sessions with a duration of 60 min for 3 weeks. Physiological sensors collected heart rate data to assess the Special Judo Fitness Test, and inertial sensors collected angular velocity. The results show a significant decrease in the SJFT index (Score pre: 22.27 ± 2.73; Score post: 19.65 ± 1.70; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.61) and a significant increase in the angular velocity of the X-axis (Pre: 320.87 ± 51.15°/s; Post: 356.50 ± 40.47°/s; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.45) and Y-axis (Pre: 259.40 ± 41.99°/s; Post: 288.02 ± 65.12°/s; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.31) in the experimental group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that using inertial and physiological sensors allowed us to analyze the effect that a high-intensity interval training program and plyometrics had on the performance of young judokas. Strength and conditioning coaches should consider these results because including plyometric training and HIIT in judokas' workout programming can be especially positive for eliciting increases in performance. However, future training interventions should investigate the training adaptations to longer interventions.

Dual-track feedback aggregation recommendation model for programming training

Programming online judges (POJs) are widely used to train programming skills, and exercise recommendation algorithms in POJs have attracted wide attention. The current programming recommendation algorithms cannot make full use of the feedback of user–item pairs and cannot effectively express students’ mastery of exercises. Therefore, we propose a dual-track feedback aggregation recommendation model for programming training (DTFARec). In this model, multiple types of feedback fusion mechanism (MTFFM) and dual-track method (DTM) are proposed to solve this problem and can better express students’ mastery of exercises. The MTFFM uses an attention mechanism to learn different feedback information, and the DTM is able to fuse information from both feedback and interactive aspects. The experimental results on a real-world dataset show that the model has better recommendation performance than the best performing benchmark and that our method can effectively model students’ mastery of exercises.

Making programming part of teachers' everyday life – Programming affordances and constraints for K-12 mathematics and technology

PurposeThe conducted examination of programming affordances and constraints had the purpose of adding knowledge and value that facilitate the on-going national curricula revision; knowledge that also could be of general interest outside the Swedish K-12 context.Design/methodology/approachWith a qualitative approach, the study was conducted as a document analysis where submitted lesson plans were the base for a directed content analysis.FindingsThis study presents findings on how the involvement of programming in mathematics and technology have potential to foster engagement and motivation among students. Findings also indicate that the implementation of programming can develop important general skills that go beyond the boundaries of mathematics and technology. Moreover, the identified constraints could be valuable to improve the on-going curriculum development for K-12 mathematics and technology.Research limitations/implicationsThis qualitative study was conducted on a relatively small number of teachers where the majority has taken the courses on a voluntary basis. An important complement would be to conduct a larger quantitative study with data from a more general sample of K-12 teachers.Practical implicationsResults and discussions provide guidance for K-12 teachers and other stakeholders who want to introduce programming as a complementary tool in teaching and learning activities.Social implicationsThe study has a contribution to the on-going implementation of the Swedish national curricula for K-12 mathematics and technology.Originality/valueDuring the last years, many studies have been published on teacher training in programming, and how the training can be improved. This study goes beyond the actual teacher training and examine aspects teachers translate to theirs daily work after completing the training.

Pengembangan Website Karang Taruna Pemuda Pemudi Sejati Jambur Pulau Sebagai Media Promosi Produk Desa Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan

Building a website requires reliable skills that can be learned self-taught or through formal training institutions. The PKM implementation team plays a direct role in building the village through coaching and mentoring for the younger generation in Jambur Village, Perbaungan Island, who have been active in youth organizations. The rise in crime rates, the distribution of drugs, and the disinterest of village youths in continuing their education to higher education raise problems that must be addressed as soon as possible. PKM from STMIK Pelita Nusantara involves members of the Pemuda Pemudi Sejati youth group, the Jambur Pulau Village office and village craftsmen, later resulting in a partnership collaboration to produce an artificial intelligence-based village online shop website. Stages of PKM implementation, Stage-1: web programming training next Stage-2: website creation. Fundamental contributions to the target audience include developing a website for selling village products which is managed directly by members of the Youth Organization, so that it can suppress social problems in the younger generation. The members who are trained can develop the web so that later they are able to maintain the sustainability of the finished web site. The performance achievement of 98%-100% of service implementation is completed, resulting in youth youth websites, online promotion assistance to craftsmen partners.

A Comparative Study of Automated Testing Tools for Spreadsheets

Organizations and industries use spreadsheet programs, such as MS Excel, for various tasks, such as accounting, financial calculations, and reporting. However, the number of spreadsheets that contain errors is very high. One primary reason is that different end-users develop spreadsheets without programming or software development training. Thus, researchers have proposed a variety of automated tools and techniques to support the end-users in finding and fixing errors in spreadsheets. The main objective of this paper is to study different automated tools in spreadsheet testing and classify them according to two criteria: how they work and the ability to find spreadsheet faults. For this purpose, we discuss various spreadsheet testing automated tools, techniques, and strategies. In addition, we highlight their performance and where they can be used so that they can be beneficial to both end-users and researchers. We then set out key directions for potential future works.

Paving the Speedway to the IT Harbor: How Chinese Programming Boot Camp Prepares Chinese Migrants for IT Jobs in the United States

ABSTRACTIn recent years, Chinese migrants have become one primary source of computing professional labor in the United States. Within the Chinese migrant community, the computing profession was depicted as a new framework of success and a harbor to ease the stress caused by precarious immigration status. To successfully obtain a job in the IT industry, many Chinese migrants turned to the Chinese programming boot camp (PBC) for professional training in programming, which made Chinese PBC the intermediary between Chinese migrant professionals and the American companies demanding skilled programmers. In this research based on qualitative interviews with the founders, employees, and clients, I illustrated how Chinese PBC constructed computing knowledge into a set of techniques and skills to solve and present algorism problems. I interpreted this knowledge construction in the context of racialized and mystified computing profession in the Chinese migrant community.