Training Of School Teachers Research Articles

Pelatihan Desain Media Pembelajaran Worksheet Melalui Aplikasi Canva Bagi Guru

In this activity, training on making worksheet learning media using the Canva application was introduced to teachers of SDN Pacarpeluk, MI Miftahul Ulum and TK Pertiwi Pacarpeluk in Jombang, East Java. One application that can be used to help teachers in making teaching materials is Canva. The Canva application presents various features in making designs including worksheets. The KH. A. Wahab Hasbullah University community service team conducted training for Pacarpeluk Elementary School teachers on making worksheets with the Canva application. The approach method used in this service activity is the Community Based Research (CBR) approach with community involvement as partners who participate and are actively involved in all service activities. The results of this service activity are an increase in teacher creativity in making Canva-based worksheet learning media and the learning process that is carried out is more fun and for students of SDN Pacarpeluk, MI Miftahul Ulum and Pertiwi Kindergarten by using Worksheet media to increase students' activeness and memory of English, Arabic and Mathematics subject matter.

초·중등 예비교사의 교육적 공정마인드셋에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study aimed to assess the level of educational equity mindset among Korean pre-service teachers, a fundamental pillar for promoting culturally responsive teaching and education for equity and justice. To achieve this goal, we conducted an online survey using the Teachers' Equity Mindset tool developed by the MIT Teaching Systems Lab. The data was collected from 223 pre-service teachers enrolled in an elementary school teacher training institute in Gyeonggi-do and a secondary school teacher training institute in Daejeon. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis to validate the factor structure and a reliability analysis. The exploratory factor analysis revealed five distinct factors, deviating from the original five-factor structure. According to the empirically derived factors, Korean pre-service teachers demonstrated a strong educational equity mindset, particularly in areas concerning “cultural understanding of students' backgrounds” and “racial identity.” However, lower scores were observed in sub-factors such as “critical consciousness of discrimination at school” and “awareness of cultural conflicts,” compared to other dimensions. Furthermore, we investigated variations in Korean pre-service teachers' equity mindset based on different backgrounds. Gender differences analysis revealed that female pre-service teachers demonstrated a stronger equity mindset compared to their male counterparts. Based on these research findings, we provide suggestions for theoretical developments and advancements in understanding the educational equity mindset within the Korean context. Additionally we offer practical recommendations to enhance teacher training programs in South Korea, focusing on developing pre-service teachers' competence in performing equity-minded educational practices for promoting equity and justice in education.

Comparison Of Primary School Teacher Training Program Music Lesson Contents And Primary School Music Lesson Contents

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirme sürecinde geliştirilen/değiştirilen programlar kapsamında müzik derslerinin yeri, kredi, saat ve ders sayısı bakımından incelemektir. Araştırma betimsel nitelikte olup, veriler doküman analizi yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Doküman analizi sürecinde farklı yıllarda yürürlüğe giren Sınıf Öğretmenliği programlarında yer alan “müzik öğretimi” dersi ile ilkokul müzik dersi içerik ve kazanımları karşılaştırılarak ele alınmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenliği programına yönelik incelemede, 1998, 2007, 2018 programlarındaki ders tanımlarında meydana gelen değişiklikler tespit edilmiş ve 2018 programında sadece “müzik öğretimi” dersinin 2007 programındaki aynı tanım ile yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, İlkokul müzik dersi, kazanımları ve içerikleri bakımından “müzik öğretimi” dersi içeriğiyle karşılaştırılmış ve büyük oranda örtüştüğü görülmüştür. Ayrıca MEB ÖYGM tarafından hazırlanan öğretmen yeterlikleri içerisinde sınıf öğretmenliği alanına ilişkin müzik alanı incelenmiş ve bu yeterlikler kapsamında değerlendirildiğinde “müzik öğretimi” dersi ile örtüştüğü ortaya konmuştur. Tüm programlar ve yeterlikler büyük oranda örtüşmekle birlikte sınıf öğretmenliği programında yer alan müzik öğretimi dersini alacak öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerine bakılmadan bir dersin öğretimi dersini almalarının kredi ve saat bakımından uygulamada aksaklıklara neden olabileceği söylenebilir. Ayrıca ilkokul 1,2,3,4. sınıflardaki kazanımların gerçekleştirilmesi bakımından da aksaklıklar yaşanabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bütün bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda sınıf öğretmenliği programlarında müzik ders sayılarının, kredi ve saatlerinin artırılması, sınıf öğretmenliği programlarındaki öğrencilerinin yetenek ve hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerine göre seçmeli derslerle desteklenmeleri gerektiği, bu düzenlemeler yapılıncaya kadar ilkokul 1,2,3,4. sınıf müzik derslerine müzik branş öğretmenlerinin girmesi önerilmiştir.

FORMATION OF COMPETENCE IN THE BASICS OF RADIATION SAFETY FOR BACHELORS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of theoretical and practical development of the problem of forming competence in the basics of radiation safety for bachelors of secondary education. In particular, the main leitmotifs of the international scientific and pedagogical community on this topic are studied. Three directions of research on the formation of competence in radiation safety of bachelors of secondary education are distinguished, namely: content and axiological, organizational and methodological directions and mechanisms of cooperation of interested authorities. It has been recorded that the vast majority of studies are driven by radiation accidents at nuclear facilities. The analysis of «negative» experience allows us to identify risks and focus educational impact on them. In some cases, a preventive approach to exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation in everyday life was studied. A number of studies have been identified that focus on the effectiveness of cooperation between educational institutions and specialized organizations in the field of nuclear energy use and radiation safety. Among the most extraordinary models are the following: «socio-pedagogical problem (educational institutions) – technical support (service organization) –- expert assessment (regulatory authority)», «man-made accident – social problem – public involvement – formation of basic safety competencies – implementation of collective terms of reference» and «comprehensive public and governmental discussion». Analyzing the current state of research on the formation of competence in the basics of radiation safety of bachelors of secondary education, a number of little-studied aspects have been identified, namely: there is no unanimity in the requirements for the content of teaching RSB; the content and scope of RSB training for secondary school teachers of different subject areas remain unclear; the issue of formal regulation of ways to ensure the formation of competence in the basics of RSB remains controversial; there are no clear organizational and pedagogical approaches to organizing the formation of competence in the basics of RSB; there are no clear organizational and pedagogical approaches to the formation of competence in the basics of RSB.

Підготовка фахівців до роботи з дітьми в умовах інклюзивної освіти в загально­освітніх закладах України [Training of specialists to work with children in the conditions of inclusive education in general educational institutions of Ukraine

The article proves the urgency of introducing inclusive education in general educational institutions; the system of vocational training of future primary school teachers in conditions of inclusive education is analyzed. The article actualizes that one of the prerequisites for Ukraine’s entry into a single European educational space is the introduction of European norms in education and science. The need for improving the Ukrainian education system, raising its level of quality is an important task, which is conditioned by the need to create positive conditions for the formation and realization of the student as a future professional and his personal self-realization. The solution of this problem is possible with the preparation of a future teacher with deep knowledge, has developed pedagogical abilities, perfect professional skills, professional self-awareness, pedagogical thinking, has the skills of self-education, self-improvement. Therefore, the formation of the readiness of the future teacher of an elementary school for professional work in modern conditions acquires special significance.

DEVELOPMENT OF ASSESSMENT AND ANALYTICAL COMPETENCE OF PRIMARY CLASS TEACHERS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The article reveals the place of evaluative and analytical competence in the professional training of primary school teachers. The directions of previous research on the formation of the teacher's professional competence, in particular the development of evaluative and analytical competence, are indicated. It is noted that insufficient attention is paid to the development of assessment and analytical competence of primary school teachers in the process of professional training in institutions of higher education, so the topic needs to be studied. Examples of definitions of the evaluative and analytical competence of the teacher are given, the lack of a single approach to the interpretation of the defined concept is noted. The own definition of the assessment and analytical competence of the primary school teacher is formulated. An analysis of the professional standard was carried out for the professions «Teacher of primary classes of a general secondary education institution», «Teacher of a general secondary education institution», «Teacher of primary education (with a diploma of a junior specialist)», a study of the labor functions and professional competences of the teacher was carried out for the purpose of combining them with evaluative - analytical competence, on the basis of which the place of evaluative and analytical competence in the professional training of a teacher is determined. The analysis of the standard of higher education in the specialty 013 Primary education for the first (bachelor) level of higher education was carried out in relation to the implementation of issues of the development of evaluative and analytical competence of future teachers and educational and professional training programs for bachelors in the specialty 013 Primary education of ten pedagogical institutions of higher education of Ukraine, which occupy the highest positions in the consolidated rating of higher education institutions of Ukraine in 2023, on the subject of compliance with professional and educational standards and ensuring the formation of evaluative and analytical competence of graduates. According to the author, in most educational and professional programs, insufficient attention is paid to the development of the evaluation and analytical competence of future teachers, in particular the analytical component. The perspective of further research is the study of the Ukrainian and international experience of primary school teacher training and the development of recommendations for the development of the evaluative and analytical competence of future teachers in the process of their professional training in institutions of higher education.

Kayserı Zincidere Vıllage Teachers' School (1926-1932) Teachers' Board Decision Book (Meclis-İ Muallimin) (1929-1932) Revıew

One of the first applications for teacher training, which was seen as the locomotive of development and progress, was the issue of training village teachers. In line with this aim, the first village teacher training school was opened in September 1926 in the town of Zincidere in Kayseri. Another village teacher training school was opened in Denizli in 1927. In Turkey, many teachers were trained in just 6 years of education, and these teachers worked in the remotest corners of the country. In line with the possibilities of the period, both theoretical and practical education was provided at the village teacher training schools, which set an example for the Village Institutes to be opened later. This research, which is an examination of the decision book of the Kayseri Zincidere Village Teacher Training School Council (1929-1932), is a qualitative study and was framed with the content analysis technique. Although the school opened in 1926, the existing decision book (1929-1932) was analyzed because the book belonging to the first years of the school could not be reached. Because of the examination, it was seen that topics such as "status of one-month education, actions to be followed, disciplinary situation, books and stationery, instructions, examinations, curriculum program, discussion of one of the lessons", which will set an example for today’s teachers’ council, were emphasized. In addition, in line with the information obtained, the structure, functioning, and practices of the teachers’ boards of that period also lead to the idea that the issues discussed are more effective and efficient than the structure, functioning, and practices of today’s teachers’ boards.

THE USE OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM TECHNOLOGY IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF ENGLISH IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

The relevance of the study stems from the change in the educational paradigm from traditional to information and communication using various computer technologies as a result of the global pandemic and martial law in Ukraine. The organisation of the educational process has undergone significant adjustments and updates, in particular, the introduction of blended learning in primary schools. The article explores and clarifies the concepts of "distance learning" and "blended learning" based on the views of various national and foreign scholars. The authors of the article focus on one of the types of blended learning – the method of "flipped learning" or "flipped classroom".
 The history of this approach and its improvement by various innovative teachers are analysed. In the course of the study, the definition of the concept of "flipped learning" is clarified and it is found that there are different forms of organising this type of learning. It has been proved that the pedagogical phenomenon of the "flipped classroom" as a form of teaching English in primary school has not received sufficient coverage in the system of professional training of future primary school teachers of English, so this topic is relevant.
 The article analyses the content of the concept of professional competence of an English teacher in primary school and finds out that its information component is of particular importance. In accordance with the requirements of professional standards, a graduate of the pedagogical profile should possess and operate the necessary information and communication techniques, including: the ability to apply various means of communication, use non-standard forms and techniques in solving pedagogical tasks in the classroom in online/offline modes. On the example of the training of the Masters of the Institute of Pedagogy of Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University in the speciality "Primary Education and English Language", examples of the use of the "flipped classroom" as a form of teaching various educational components were given: "Methods of teaching English in primary school", "Innovative technologies of teaching English", "Theory and practice of teaching a foreign language using information and communication technologies".

Designing a Media Literacy Training Curriculum Framework for Junior High School Teachers

Being capable of media literacy is an important competence in the contemporary era characterized by widespread digitalization. Teachers play a vital role in integrating learning and imparting it in schools. However, due to the absence of media literacy training, their level of media literacy remains low. It necessitates a solution involving the creation of a training program by designing its curriculum beforehand. This study attempts to design a curriculum framework for media literacy training for teachers. The participants were junior high school teachers in West Java, with a total sample size of 381 teachers who used purposive sampling techniques. A design research method has been used to produce a prototype for research purposes. Research procedure refers to the three decisions that determine the design outcome, covering procedure design, problem analysis and solution design Data collected with questionnaires given to teachers and it has been analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS software 26. Results of this study provide a curriculum framework for media literacy training for junior high school teachers in West Java, including objectives, content, methods, and assessment. Its current training curriculum framework serves as a valuable reference point for enhancing the media literacy competence of teachers.

A Comparison of Primary School Teacher Training Systems in Türkiye, United States of America, England and South Korea

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İngiltere ve Güney Kore sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirme sistemlerini karşılaştırmak ve bu ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerindeki benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma bir karşılaştırmalı eğitim çalışmasıdır. Karşılaştırmalı eğitim araştırmaları; karşılaştırılan olgu, olay ve konuların farklı bakış açıları ile ele alınarak incelenmesini ve değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. Araştırmada; ülkelerin sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirme sistemlerine dair yazılmış makalelerden, tezlerden, üniversitelerin resmi internet sitelerinde yer alan verilerden ve resmi dokümanlardan faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre üniversitelerin kabul koşulları incelendiğinde; ABD ve İngiltere’de lisans programına öğrenci kabul edilirken ortaöğretim not ortalaması ve mülakat sınavı dikkate alınmaktadır. ABD’de ayrıca referans mektubu, konuşma testi, kişilik testi ve fiziki sağlık raporu gibi kriterler bulunmaktadır. Ülkelerin göreve başlama kriterleri incelendiğinde; Türkiye, ABD, İngiltere ve Güney Kore’de göreve başlamak için lisans programından mezun olmak ve lisans diplomasına sahip olmak gerekmektedir. Türkiye, ABD ve Güney Kore’de göreve başlayacak öğretmenin seçiminde merkezi bir sınav yapılmaktadır. Türkiye ve Güney Kore’de merkezi sınava ek olarak öğretmen adaylarının kendini ifade etme ve iletişim becerilerinin de değerlendirildiği mülakat sınavı yapılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarından yola çıkarak sınıf öğretmenliği lisans programında bulunan uygulamalı derslerin saatleri arttırılması önerilebilir.

Co-teaching among English pre-service teachers for integrated STEAM+CLIL education

In Spain, primary education teachers teaching subject matter in a foreign language through Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) require new pedagogical competencies. Teaching in a second language often poses problems, as many teachers have no specific training in CLIL and often wish to gain greater self-confidence when teaching some subjects, for example, Natural Sciences, in a foreign language. In that scenario, two general objectives are proposed in this study within the framework of pre-service CLIL teacher training: to examine the impact of a co-teaching programme on the development of the pedagogical competences of pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers engaged in STEAM+CLIL integrated education; and 2) to study the impact of the programme on the perceived self-confidence of pre-service teachers when teaching CLIL. The results of this research involving three experimental cohorts of pre-service teachers showed an improvement in their pedagogical competencies at designing integrated STEAM+CLIL didactic units, compared to the respective control groups; and an increase in their perceived self-confidence when teaching EFL through CLIL. These results point towards an alternative pathway for primary school teacher training in a foreign language, particularly English. FUNDING INFORMATION. This research was funded by the European Commission which financed the research project STEAM Education and Foreign Language Learning in Europe - SeLFIE (2020-1-ES01-KA201-081850).

Teachers’ learning driven by “multi-subject needs”: Implication, mode and strategies

Under the influence of the concept of lifelong learning, teachers’ learning has become the main paradigm of teacher development. The traditional training for primary and secondary school teachers often pays too much attention to the transmission of theories and ignores the practical needs of teachers, resulting in the dilemma of low learning efficiency and poor effect. In order to break through the current learning dilemma of primary and secondary school teachers and meet the needs of students’ growth and long-term development of schools, on the basis of clarifying the basic implication of teacher learning driven by “multi-subject needs”, this paper introduces the Activity Theory to discuss the implications of teacher learning, constructs the teacher learning mode driven by “multi-subject needs,” and analyzes the operating mechanism of this learning mode. In order to promote the effective operation of this mode, teachers should set up the concept of lifelong learning, adhere to the self-orientation of learning, and pay attention to learning reflection. The school level should create a cultural atmosphere for teachers’ learning, make clear the purpose of teachers’ learning, let teachers’ pay attention to the practical situation, and make teachers’ learning become a normal activity.

Self-education of future teachers in education of primary school children through national values

Relevance. Relevance of the study is due is a pedagogical conditions, the implementation of which in the educational process of universities, taking into account the aspect of transformation of the content of education from knowledge-centered to competence-based, wich will be contribute to the effective preparation of future primary school teachers for successful professional and pedagogical self-education through national values in today's rapidly changing world. Purpose. The aim of the study is to provide theoretical justification and develop pedagogical conditions for the successful formation of professional and pedagogical self-educational competence of future primary school teachers through national values in the educational process of higher education institutions. Methodology. As part of the study, we formulated the following hypothesis: if the process of professional training of future primary school teachers through the national values of the Republic of Kazakhstan will take place taking into account the pedagogical conditions developed and justified by us, this will lead to the successful formation of professional and pedagogical self-educational competence of future primary school teachers, since professional and pedagogical self-educational competence is not formed by default, for its formation, it is necessary to create adequate pedagogical conditions in the educational process of the university. Results. At present, there is an obvious contradiction between the need to prepare future primary school teachers through national values in the educational process of universities for successful professional and pedagogical self-education in a rapidly changing world, taking into account the transformation of the content of education from knowledge-centered to competence-based, and its insufficient development in modern higher pedagogical educational institutions and specialized scientific literature. Conclusions. National values allow the state to ensure its sovereignty, the continuity of generations, the identity and traditions of the people, so future primary school teachers through continuous self-education should be able to develop and apply current technologies for instilling them in younger schoolchildren.

Teaching Quality as Predictor of Student Engagement, Well-Being and Performance

The relevance of the study is due to the need to obtain reliable data on the components of effective teaching that affect important learning outcomes, such as motivation, engagement, academic performance, and well-being of school students. The purpose of the study was to analyze the contribution of three, actively discussed in the literature, psychological and pedagogical indicators of teaching quality, assessed by the school students, to their engagement, psychological well-being and academic performance. The study involved 2028 eighth-grade students (1085 girls, 906 boys and 35 of unspecified gender; mean age - 13.96, SD = 0.46) from 73 schools and 16 regions of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the respondents’ assessments included such indicators of teaching quality as the relevance of the learning content, psychological and instrumental support, as well as school engagement, indifference, academic performance and indicators of their satisfaction (with themselves, their teachers and school). The results of the regression analysis showed that the perceived psychological support from the teacher was the strongest predictor of the growth of all the types of educational engagement of school students and the decrease of all the types of educational indifference; besides, this component of teaching quality was a predictor of well-being in the context of school life (including the respondents’ satisfaction with their school, their teachers and themselves). The teacher’s instrumental support was the next most important predictor of cognitive and emotional engagement of the students and, no less important, was a negative predictor of all the types of learning indifference; it was also a predictor of the students’ satisfaction with their school and relationships with their teachers. Thus, the present study, conducted on a large and representative sample of Russian school students, has shown the positive effects of two components of teaching quality, namely, psychological support and instrumental support provided by the teacher. The effects of actual learning content are less clear, which casts doubt on the importance of teachers emphasizing the connection between the educational material and real life in order to maintain the motivation of school students. The results obtained can be used for training and retraining school teachers and improving teaching quality in Russian schools.

Methodological-didactic teacher education in Italian secondary school and competence assessment1

Abstract The paper aims to reflect on the training of teachers in Italian lower and upper secondary schools by presenting the training activities carried out by the Pegaso Telematic University in the provision of the training course foreseen by Ministerial Decree 180/2022. The first training activities focused on the training of the course tutors, while the second focused on the feedback given to the teachers who followed the course, following the development of the competence assessment. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the replicability of the training actions presented and the lines of research that open up.

Scientific Writing Preparation Training for High School Teachers in Muara Gembong Regency

The low level of publication among high school teachers is an indication that the research conducted by teachers has not been fully disseminated. The purpose of this study is to provide technical guidance to teachers of SMA Negeri 1 Muara Gembong in improving the ability and quality of publication of their papers that can be used in the context of graduation or promotion/position as well as the component of assessing the portfolio of teacher certification in Indonesia. The methods used in this training include conducting discussions. The method is developed according to the situation and conditions that develop simultaneously and continuously. The population in this study is participants/teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Muara Gembong. The number of samples in this study was 25 participants or 25 teachers from various subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Muara Gembong. This training was conducted directly/offline in one of the SMA Negeri 1 Muara Gembong classes for approximately one day. The instrument used here is a questionnaire in the form of a survey of participant satisfaction with the presenters and the material that has been given. In addition, the results of this study received feedback. Namely, most participants stated that the speaker was very good at delivering material and asked for frequent training like this because the material was beneficial for the teachers there. This measure is intended so that the culture of teacher literacy and research will increase along with the rapid progress of educational science. That is, this community service activity is basically a form of concrete contribution of educational people in fulfilling the quality standards of higher education, especially in the standards of high school teacher graduates in Indonesia

Awareness and Confidence of Vietnamese Primary School Teachers towards STEM-Integrated Teaching Approach

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has been piloted by the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training for primary school teachers since 2022. This research aims to evaluate awareness, confidence and the correlation between those variables with the demographic factors of Vietnamese elementary school teachers after nearly a year of implementing integrated STEM teaching. This study used a questionnaire survey method consisting of 30 items on a 5-point Likert scale for 148 elementary school teachers in the Central and Central Highlands of Vietnam. Data was analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics results showed that Vietnamese elementary school teachers have good awareness but lack confidence in STEM-integrated teaching. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between teachers’ awareness, confidence, and some demographic factors (educational level, work area). The outcomes of the one-way ANOVA analysis revealed a positive correlation: increased levels of teachers’ education corresponded to heightened awareness and confidence in STEM-integrated teaching. Additionally, teachers located in urban areas demonstrated greater awareness and confidence compared to their counterparts in rural countryside and highland areas.. Some recommendations to increase awareness and improve confidence in teaching STEM integration for Vietnamese elementary school teachers are presented at discuss session.

TaRL-Based Differentiated Learning Model Training for Primary School Teachers in Independent Curriculum Implementation

<p>Tujuan utama dari usaha pelayanan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru terhadap pembelajaran yang berbeda, khususnya melalui pemanfaatan kerangka pedagogi Teaching at The Right Level (TaRL), dan meningkatkan keahlian mereka dalam pembuatan modul pedagogis. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk pengabdian ini melibatkan strategi pedagogis yang beragam, mencakup sesi-sesi didaktik, diskusi interaktif, dan peluang pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman yang diselenggarakan melalui latihan dan kegiatan pembimbingan terstruktur. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kombinasi kuesioner peserta dan kurasi dokumen-dokumen instruksional yang relevan. Kegiatan ini berlangsung selama dua hari, yang mencakup urutan komponen instruksional yaitu: (1) eksplorasi komprehensif terhadap prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran yang berbeda dan pendekatan pedagogi TaRL, (2) pemeriksaan mendalam terhadap metodologi dan teknik pembelajaran yang berbeda dan TaRL, dan (3) panduan komprehensif dalam merumuskan sumber daya pedagogis yang didukung oleh pendekatan TaRL. Hasil dari intervensi pedagogis ini telah menghasilkan peningkatan yang dapat dilihat dalam pemahaman guru terhadap pembelajaran yang berbeda dan pendekatan TaRL. Terutama, analisis kuantitatif dari data yang terkumpul menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan secara statistik dalam skor rata-rata sebelum pelatihan, dengan skor rata-rata awal sebesar 50,50, meningkat menjadi 80,62 setelah pelatihan. Selain itu, sejumlah besar guru telah menunjukkan kemampuan dalam merancang modul pengajaran.</p>

Strategies for Addressing Indigenous Education Dropout

The issue of indigenous education dropout among the indigenous community has deep roots, despite various efforts being made. These efforts include educational assistance such as transportation allowances, pocket money for primary and secondary school students, dormitory personal needs, fees, and school uniforms for Standard 1 and Form 1 students. Similarly, there are initiatives like the Education Incentive Scheme (SBGP) managed in collaboration with the Department of Orang Asli Development (JAKOA), aimed at encouraging indigenous students to pursue higher education. However, the education dropout issue among the indigenous at the secondary school level not only hinders educational progression but also makes it difficult for the younger generation of this community to secure better employment due to the lack of required minimum qualifications. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to explore strategies for addressing indigenous education dropout in Sungai Siput, Perak. Through semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling, the researcher conducted interviews with several teachers, parents, and indigenous community members in the district of Sungai Siput, Perak. Additionally, direct observations were made in schools, homes, and indigenous villages to reinforce the interview data. The study findings outlined strategies in the context of efforts needed by various parties to address indigenous educational dropout. The results indicate that addressing indigenous education dropout requires the involvement of various parties, establishing culturally responsive education, developing indigenous community educational recovery, and enhancing teacher training and professional development in indigenous schools. This study has important implications for addressing the issue of educational dropout among indigenous students from various angles.

캄보디아와 한국의 초등교사양성제도 비교연구

[Research purpose]This study compares primary school teacher training systems in Cambodia and Korea, aiming to provide insights for future reforms in Cambodia.
 [Methodology]Through a literature review, an analysis, and a survey of Cambodian educators, we identify similarities and differences in the development processes of the two systems.
 [Results]Cambodia's system resembles Korea's during the 1980s and 1990s, reflecting transitions to four-year university-level training. However, challenges persist in Cambodia's system, with limitations in evaluating candidate’s teaching suitability, curriculum adaptability, and a loose certification and recruitment framework. Survey responses from Cambodian educators express positivity towards the implications drawn from the study.
 [Conclusion]The study recommends gradual reforms in Cambodia, emphasizing removing traditional testing and curriculum components and integrating competence-based elements, mirroring Korea's successful trajectory.