Officer Training Research Articles

Implementation of Military Onboarding for Medical Students and its Effect on Student Confidence in the Health Professions Scholarship Program.

Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP) medical students typically enter the military with minimal military experience, commissioning specifically for the scholarship. During medical school, the only required training is a 5- to 6-week officer training course, which is neither specific to medicine nor guaranteed to be at the beginning of school, since it can be taken at any time. This lack of prior experience can lead to decreased confidence and understanding of the HPSP, specifically the medical school timeline leading up to the military match process and overall military. Our study investigated the effect of implementing a new military-specific orientation module on improving students' confidence and specific knowledge about the HPSP and military training. Two current HPSP students gave a 1-h presentation on the following topics: medical school reimbursements and finances, active duty training, military training, deferrals, the medical school timeline, and the types of medical residencies available associated with the HPSP. The orientation was held for first- and second-year medical students who were either enrolled or interested in the HPSP. The study participants (n = 21) completed a pre- and post-survey that assessed case-based knowledge (12 questions) and students' confidence levels regarding the program (1 question each for the HPSP, overall military, and medical school timeline leading to the residency match). The pre- and post-survey results were analyzed using Fisher's exact test to assess the change in students' confidence and knowledge change after the presentation. The program significantly improved students' confidence in understanding the HPSP (P = .0004), military (P = .003), and medical school timeline leading to the residency match (P = .002). Our study also significantly improved participants' knowledge regarding reimbursements for medical school supplies (P = .041) and board exams (P = .001), active duty definition (P = .039), and deferment because of failure (P = .010) or fellowship (P = .025). Overall, the students felt more confident regarding the HPSP and showed improved knowledge after the orientation program. We found higher baseline knowledge regarding active duty tours, which their coordinators communicate well with HPSP students. Similar orientation programs could effectively improve the onboarding process of incoming HPSP students and those interested in applying for HPSP across multiple medical schools. Such programs can improve long-term student satisfaction and the duration of service following the minimum service commitments. Future research with a larger sample size and prospective design is needed to understand the long-term effects of this increased confidence on overall program satisfaction and military career.

The Effect of Online Registration System on Outpatient Satisfaction

This study aims to analyze the effect of online registration system on outpatient satisfaction . The background of this study focuses on the need for improving fast, efficient, and technology-based health services to meet patient expectations. The online registration system is expected to reduce queues, speed up the administrative process, and improve patient comfort. This study uses a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique was carried out using the simple random sampling method , with the criteria of patients using the online registration system in December 2024, namely 115 patients. Data were collected through a questionnaire that measured aspects of patient satisfaction, such as ease of access, speed of service, data accuracy and system convenience. Data analysis was carried out using a simple linear regression test to identify the effect between the online registration system and patient satisfaction levels. The results of the study showed a positive and significant effect between the online registration system and patient satisfaction. This system simplifies the registration process and increases positive perceptions of the quality of hospital services. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the quality of information technology and training for officers to ensure the sustainability of excellent services and further development of system features is needed to improve accessibility and reliability of services.

Peran Inovasi (PETIK DUREN) Pelayanan Tilik Kampung Penduduk Rentan dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kabupaten Lamongan

PETIK DUREN Program (Pelayanan Tilik Kampung Penduduk Rentan) is a public service innovation in Lamongan Regency aimed at improving access to civil administration for vulnerable groups, such as individuals with mental health disorders (ODGJ) and persons with disabilities. This study analyzes the program's success using Everett M. Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, which includes indicators of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and official government reports.The analysis results show that the program successfully registered 161 individuals in 2023 and an additional 16 individuals by May 2024. Success is evident in the trialability and observability aspects, demonstrated through improved access to healthcare, education, and social assistance services. Simplified procedures and a proactive approach facilitate vulnerable groups in accessing civil documents. The program meets innovation indicators, especially relative advantage and compatibility, by creating efficient services tailored to local needs.However, challenges such as low community participation in certain areas and logistical constraints remain. Recommendations include strengthening data verification technology, training officers, and implementing a zoning approach to expand coverage. With these improvements, PETIK DUREN has the potential to become a national model for public service innovation in improving the welfare of vulnerable communities.

Research on Injury Factors of Figure Skaters and Construction of Injury Prediction Model

Objective: This study aims to systematically analyze and screen the main factors affecting injuries of figure skaters and to construct a scientific injury prediction model. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the basic information of 34 figure skaters from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai, including the subjects' gender, starting age, years of skating, frequency of on-ice training, duration of each training session, frequency of off-ice training, warm-up time, sleep duration, coach level, ice surface conditions and skate fit during training, as well as the number injuries the subjects had in the past years. The main factors affecting injuries of figure skaters were found through a logistic regression model, and a nomogram was constructed. All data were analyzed in R language. Results and Conclusion: The findings indicate that gender, starting age, height, skating experience, and free skating level are key factors influencing the risk of sport injuries. Based on these factors, this study successfully developed a comprehensive risk assessment model for sports injuries in youth figure skaters. This model can predict and reduce the risk of injuries and provide a scientific basis for personalized training programs

Реализация организационно-андрагогического обеспечения профессиональной подготовки сотрудников, впервые принятых на службу в органы внутренних дел Российской Федерации, в образовательных организациях МВД России

The article is devoted to the implementation of organizational and andragogical provision of professional training for ordinary and junior officers who were first recruited to serve in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The methodological foundations of the research and the goals of the studied professional training are outlined. In addition, the main methods, means and forms of organization of the educational process, as well as the conditions for their implementation, are reflected. The concept of organizational and andragogical provision of professional training for ordinary and junior officers who were first recruited to serve in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is given. The methodological foundations and specific features of the students of the rank and file and junior commanding staff, expressed in their professional tasks and psychological and pedagogical characteristics, determine the criteria and performance indicators of the organization.

Penerapan Pola Peran Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Administrasi Desa Melalui Sistem Informasi Manajemen

This service aims to implement a Management Information System (SIM) to improve the efficiency of village administration management, accelerate public services, and increase transparency in Sei Mencirim Village. This program also aims to improve the digital literacy of village officials to be able to utilize technology in managing village administration. This activity is carried out through socialization, technical training, and mentoring of village officials in using SIM. Socialization aims to provide a basic understanding of SIM, while technical training includes simulations of using SIM software and managing village administration data. The final stage is mentoring to ensure the SIM can operate optimally. The implementation of the SIM has improved the efficiency of village administration management, accelerated public services, and increased transparency of village budgets. The community felt the direct benefits in the form of faster document processing time, as well as increased transparency in budget use. Village officials can access and manage data in real-time, accelerating the decision-making process. The main challenges in implementing the SIM include limited technological infrastructure and low digital literacy of village officials. However, the training provided has improved the ability of village officials to manage administration better. The program is also credited with reducing administrative errors that are common in manual systems. However, strengthening the infrastructure and increasing the capacity of village officials are needed to optimize the operation of the SIM. The implementation of SIM in Sei Mencirim Village has brought positive impacts in the form of increased administrative efficiency and public services. Although there are still challenges such as limited infrastructure and digital literacy, this program can be used as a model for implementing technology in other villages. With the support of the local government, this program is expected to improve community welfare and encourage transparency in village management.

Sentencing Under The Special Minimum Threat For Small-Scale Drug Traffickers: Challenges And Implications For Justice And Drug Eradication Policy

The imposition of sentences below the minimum penalty specifically for small-scale drug dealers has become an important debate in the context of criminal justice. This study aims to analyze the practice of judicial independence in small-scale drug trafficking cases and identify the challenges and implications for substantive justice and drug eradication policy in Indonesia. The method used in this study is comparative normative juridical, this research analyses the applicable legal rules in Indonesia and compares them with practices in several other countries. The results show that the application of sentences below the special minimum threat has a significant influence on drug eradication policies, but also raises dilemmas related to justice for offenders with a small role. Comparatively, practices in other countries show a more flexible approach, which integrates restorative justice and rehabilitation principles. This study recommends the revision of legal policies in Indonesia by adopting a more proportional approach, as well as improved training of law enforcement officers to ensure fair and consistent application. This research is expected to contribute to the formation of a more effective, humane, and equitable drug policy.

Perbedaan Angka Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut (HI) Anak Umur 12 Tahun yang Menyikat Gigi dengan Teknik Kombinasi Fone’s Horizontal dan Roll Horizontal di SDN 06 dan 21 Taluak IV Suku

Dental caries is the most common oral health problem experienced by the public, with plaque being the main cause. Brushing teeth is an effective method for removing plaque, where the brushing technique plays a crucial role in oral hygiene. Elementary Schools (SDN) 06 and 21 Taluak IV Suku regularly receive visits from the local health center every six months for dental check-ups. SDN 06 has never conducted a mass tooth brushing activity, while SDN 21 does it routinely every Wednesday, guided by trained student health officers. Preliminary studies showed that 60% of the children from both schools brush their teeth once a day using a horizontal technique. This study aims to compare the oral hygiene of 12-year-old children who use the combination of Fone’s-horizontal technique and the combination of roll-horizontal technique. The research design is a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest. The population consisted of 50 children, with 48 samples taken using the saturated sampling technique. Dental hygiene was measured using the Hygiene Index, and data were analyzed using the independent t-test (α < 0.05). The results showed an average improvement of 16% for the Fone’s-horizontal technique and 36% for the roll-horizontal technique, with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05). In conclusion, the roll-horizontal combination technique is more effective, and children are advised to brush their teeth using this technique twice a day to prevent dental and oral diseases.

PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENYELUDUPAN MANUSIA DARI DAN LUAR INDONESIA

Immigration in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration, which replaced the previous immigration law, Law Number 9 of 1992. The law states that anyone who enters or exits Indonesia without undergoing immigration inspection, or without valid travel documents or visas, will be subject to criminal sanctions. The legal foundation for human trafficking offenses is also outlined in Law Number 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. Immigration matters are closely related to the movement of people across international borders, which has increased in the era of globalization and free trade, and has now become a concern for countries around the world, including Indonesia. Smuggling, which involves trafficking people for exploitation or physical and psychological abuse, is a violation of human dignity. The method used in this research is sociological legal research. Based on the results, it is known that law enforcement at the Bengkalis Immigration Checkpoint Office (TPI) is in accordance with the provisions set out in the Immigration Law. However, challenges remain, such as limited human resources, inadequate infrastructure, and suboptimal coordination between agencies. Handling human trafficking requires active involvement from various parties, including the police, customs, and other related agencies, to strengthen oversight and prevent this transnational crime. This research concludes that to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement, there needs to be enhanced training for officers, improvement of inspection facilities and infrastructure, and strengthened cooperation between agencies involved in the prevention and prosecution of human trafficking. Additionally, a broader socialization to the public regarding the dangers and impacts of human trafficking should also be conducted to strengthen preventive efforts.

Analysis of Public Trust Factors in Zakat Distribution Institutions (Case Study at Lazismu North Labuhanbatu)

As a religion that encompasses various aspects of life, Islam not only touches on the personal dimensions of worship but also on social and economic domains. Zakat represents one of the pillars of Islam with a social character. Every Muslim is obligated to pay zakat on certain assets that are eligible for zakat when these assets reach a specific threshold (nishab) and time period (haul). In Indonesia, there are many legally recognized zakat management organizations that distribute zakat from the community, one of which is the Lembaga Amil Zakat Infaq dan Sadaqah Muhammadiyah (LAZISMU), which is spread throughout Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach using observation and in-depth interviews with administrators and local communities from various professions. The study aims to analyze the factors that influence public trust in LAZISMU in Labuhanbatu Utara, North Sumatra. The results show that there are at least five factors that drive public trust in LAZISMU Labuhanbatu Utara, namely: (1) Data transparency, (2) The prominent reputation of the organization, (3) Ease of paying zakat through LAZISMU, (4) The friendliness of the zakat officers, and (5) Various social contributions of the organization to the community. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of data transparency, the development of technology-based services, zakat officer training, and relevant social programs as strategies to build and maintain public trust. These measures can be implemented by LAZISMU and other zakat institutions to enhance effectiveness and gaining more public trust.

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LEVEL OF THE SĂLAJ COUNTY POLICE INSPECTORATE

This study highlights the changes in human resource management, the shift from traditional paradigms to an individual-centered approach, and the importance of continuous learning and adaptability. It describes the sustainable development of human resources in the Sălaj County Police Inspectorate, emphasizing the crucial role in maintaining public order and cooperation with various institutions, the activity of the structures of the Human Resources Service and the Professional Training Office within the unit, structures with essential activities in the management and development of police personnel. The culmination of the study is the analysis of the professional training within the inspectorate, which highlights the progress and adaptability in the training of the personnel within the Sălaj County Police Inspectorate, but also the importance of effective communication and recognition of meritorious in achieving institutional performance.

Analysis of the application potential of the "Kanonir" computer artillery range in the training of ground artillery specialists

An analysis of the technical capabilities of the computer artillery range (the "Kanonir" product) has been conducted to support the training of cadets and officers in artillery units on topics such as optical and aerial reconnaissance, target detection and acquisition, and execution of fire missions against moving and stationary targets using various methods to determine fire settings. The accuracy of object placement, structures, local landmarks, and characteristic landscape points on the simulator's 3D terrain map was verified by comparing coordinates and elevations. The accuracy of determining topographic data for targets, calculating corrections for deviations from standard firing conditions, and determining fire settings for various artillery systems with standard ammunition was also checked. The possibilities of using this computer range for performing individual fire missions on simulation tools were evaluated. A comprehensive analysis of this software product's capabilities for use in the training of cadets and officers of artillery units was performed. Based on the analysis results, the primary training areas in which the "Kanonir" product is appropriate to use were identified. The results of a pedagogical experiment conducted using the "Kanonir" product in the training of cadets in the "Shooting and Fire Control" course were presented. Additionally, practical recommendations were provided for preparing, setting up, using, and, overall, improving the effectiveness of this software in the training of cadets and artillery officers.

Legal Protection for Victims of Online Gender-Based Violence (Cyber-Based Violence)

Online gender-based violence is a serious problem that negatively impacts victims physically, psychologically and socially. This research aims to analyze the legal protection of victims of cyber-based violence in Indonesia, focusing on existing regulations and their implementation. The method used in this research is a normative research method with a juridical-analytical approach, where data is collected through a literature study of relevant laws and regulations, legal documents, and previous research related to online gender-based violence. The results show that Law No. 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence provides a strong legal basis for victim protection, including the right to assistance, temporary protection, and recovery. In addition, regulations regarding the removal of content involving victims are an important step in reducing further impact. However, this research also found challenges in law enforcement, public awareness, and training of law enforcement officers that need to be strengthened in order for victim protection to be implemented effectively. This research is expected to contribute to improving the understanding and effectiveness of legal protection for victims of online gender-based violence in Indonesia.

Project Double Barrel: Crime Rate and Experiences of the Implementers in the Municipality of Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay

This study aimed to determine the crime rate in the Municipality of Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay in the calendar years 2013-2015 and 2016-2018. Specifically, this study described the index and non-index crimes prior to and during the implementation of the project double barrel and whether significant differences existed on the crime profiles prior to and during the project. It also aimed to identify the experiences encountered by the imple-menters of the project under CMC 16 2. 2016. Archived data were taken from police blotters and crime statistics given by the PNP Personnel in Diplahan Police Station and employed the qualita-tive design using in-depth interview to generate and explore the experiences of the PNP Personnel and Barangay Captains before and during the implementation of the project. Thematic analysis was then applied to generate codes and themes that described the experiences of the participant-interviewees. Findings re-vealed the decrease in index crimes, which include serious of-fenses like murder, theft, and robbery, suggests an improvement in public safety. The heightened police presence and visibility likely acted as a deterrent to violent and property crimes, con-tributing to a more secure environment in public areas. There is a need for a multifaceted approach to improving law enforce-ment's effectiveness and ethical standards in addressing drug-related crimes. Integration of advanced technologies and en-hanced coordination among agencies to improve operations and monitoring capabilities and collaboration with external organi-zations focuses on rehabilitation and prevention, while inde-pendent oversight mechanisms and regular reviews are also needed to ensure accountability, transparency, and continuous improvement of policies and drug related operations. Stronger collaboration between police, local governments, NGOs, and health organizations is also necessary to reinforce community-based rehabilitation efforts and preventive measures. Providing mental health support for officers is equally important, as it im-proves their well-being, reduces burnout, and fosters ethical de-cision-making under high-pressure situations. Comprehensive training for officers is vital to prepare them for the complexities of the drug campaign, improving operational effectiveness and promoting accountability within the force.

Evaluasi Kebijakan Penurunan Stunting di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi

This study analyzes the evaluation of stunting reduction policies in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Indonesia, using William N. Dunn's policy evaluation theory. Stunting is a serious nutritional problem that impacts children's growth and development, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Although there has been a decrease in stunting prevalence in Riau Province, Kuantan Singingi Regency experienced an increase in stunting rates from 17.8% in 2022 to 23% in 2023, making it the highest in the province. The evaluation was conducted based on five criteria: effectiveness, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The results showed that despite significant efforts in policy implementation, the target for reducing stunting prevalence has not been achieved, with communication between officers and the community still lacking. There is a shortage of skilled personnel and funds, and unequal access to health services. The policy provides a clear framework, but information about the program is still lacking in the community. The assumptions underlying the policy are quite strong, and positive impacts are starting to be seen, but challenges such as lack of training for officers remain. Overall, despite progress, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed to achieve the goal of reducing stunting effectively.

Analisa Prosedur Tembakan Peringatan terhadap Keselamatan Petugas dan Publik

This study aims to analyze the warning firing procedure in the context of law enforcement in Indonesia, especially its impact on the safety of officers and the public. Warning shots are a form of use of non-lethal force regulated in Perkap No. 1 of 2009. While the goal is to mitigate the threat, the procedure often presents risks, such as the psychological impact on the suspect and the potential danger of falling bullets. The research method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach, with literature review and case study analysis of several incidents in Indonesia, including the panic incident in Bekasi. The results showed that while warning shots are effective in some situations to stop threats, they can also trigger unexpected responses such as panic that threaten public safety. In addition, the implementation of this policy is highly dependent on the understanding and discretion of officers in the field. This study recommends the use of non-lethal tools such as Taser and the application of de-escalation methods to reduce the risk. Intensive training for officers is also needed to improve decision-making abilities in emergency situations. The findings of this study are expected to be the basis for perfecting the policy on the use of force by the National Police to improve the safety of officers and the public.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ АДАПТАЦИИ И ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДОЛЖНОСТНЫХ ЛИЦ ТАМОЖЕННЫХ ОРГАНОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ТАМОЖЕННОГО АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЯ

The article considers the issues of improving the processes of adaptation and training of officials in the context of changes in customs administration in order to prevent personnel risks. The purpose of this study is to formulate practical recommendations for improving the processes of professional adaptation and training of customs officials. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of scientific studies, the results of which can be of practical importance for increasing the efficiency of personnel measures for adaptation and training of officials in the process of customs service. The following methods were used in the study: expert survey, methodology for diagnosing personnel risks, hierarchy analysis method, methodology for assessing the comfort index of the workspace and methods of mathematical modeling. The article presents an analysis of the results of expert surveys to determine the significance of practical recommendations for improving the methods of professional adaptation and training of customs officials. The experts were customs officials and retired customs officials. The most significant recommendations for improving the methods of professional adaptation and training of officials were determined based on the hierarchy analysis method (HAM). The authors analyzed the factors of the organizational environment of the customs authority that have a potential impact on the effectiveness of adaptation and training of officials: the index of comfort of the working space; the indicator of personnel risks in the area of professional adaptation and training of personnel; the general indicator of personnel risks.

Actual problems of police training in the conditions of the state of martial law

The article deals with the important problematic issues of the need to adjust modern educational programs for training police officers for combat conditions. Ways of improving such training are considered, among which attention is focused on the need to approve a strategy for the training of police personnel, among the main tasks of which will be the need to train policemen who are ready to serve in conditions as close as possible to combat, in settlements that are close to the line of combat confrontation, on de-occupied territories. It is emphasized that educational programs for the training of police officers in institutions of higher education with specific training conditions should provide for the acquisition by police officers of tactical medicine skills in combat conditions, handling during artillery fire, as part of tactical special training for dealing with prisoners of war or skills in extreme conditions of contact with subversives. - reconnaissance enemy group, etc. It was noted that the educational programs for the training of police officers were developed and improved in peacetime and during the period of armed conflict and full-scale aggression of the Russians, and need significant adjustment in the direction of training for police service under appropriate conditions. A separate emphasis in the article concerns the need for active implementation of simulations on training grounds, etc., for extreme police situations that may arise as a result of hostilities - artillery fire and the algorithm of actions of a police officer in such conditions, providing first aid to civilians in case of mine-explosive injuries, etc. It is also expedient to model situations of treatment of prisoners of war, contact with sabotage and reconnaissance enemy groups. The highlighted changes are necessary because police officers who serve in settlements that are close to the combat zone or at a distance from it that allows the Russians to use barrel or rocket artillery, face a variety of problems that are not typical for police service in peacetime.

Training and professional development of customs officials: challenges and perspectives

The article analyzes the main problems and opportunities facing the customs service in the context of professional training and the qualification enhancement of its employees during their service in customs authorities. In the conditions of globalization, rapid technological development, and constant changes in international trade practices, the quality training of customs officials becomes extremely important. First and foremost, the article addresses the challenges that customs authorities encounter in organizing training. Among these are insufficient financial resources, the lack of modern training materials and methodologies, as well as the need to adapt training programs to new realities. In particular, emphasis is placed on the importance of integrating new technologies, such as e-learning, which allows for the rapid updating of training materials and provides access to them for all employees, regardless of their location. The research also analyzes the current process of organizing training within the customs service and the prospects for enhancing the qualifications of customs officials. It highlights the potential for implementing a continuous education system that would enable customs officers to constantly improve their knowledge and skills. Special attention is given to the competency-based approach, which focuses on developing specific customs competencies necessary for the effective performance of official duties. The article contains recommendations for improving existing training programs and developing new approaches to enhance the qualifications of customs officials. It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to the development and implementation of a competency and job matrix at the corresponding levels: «Strategic,» «Management,» and «Professional,» the approval of typical job profiles, the development of a list of customs competencies for positions in state service «B» and «C,» as well as the introduction of the professional standard «Customs Inspector» into the curricula of higher education institutions in Ukraine. The results of the research may serve as a foundation for further initiatives in the professional development of customs officials, positively impacting the effectiveness of their work and improving customs processes in Ukraine.

A conceptual model of autonomous ship remote operators' competency

Abstract The Shore Control Centre (SCC) is being developed and tested as an autonomous ship vessel with remote control. However, since the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) regulation's competency standard has yet to be altered, it must be revised and modified. Therefore, this study aims to define the competency of remote operators on an autonomous ship from ashore and develop a conceptual model of remote operators' competency. This study used both primary data by interviewing executives from four groups of maritime experts, and secondary data from academic databases, IMO, classification society and maritime companies. Academic databases are employed to conclude the academicians' view on remote operators’ (ROs’) competency and the other data sources are used to conclude the industrial view on the RO's competency. The content analysis technique was used to determine the presence of keywords or concepts from secondary data and develop a conceptual model. The study's findings present four main dimensions to indicate the development of future training and development programs for RO officers: navigation, cargo handling and stowage, controlling the ship's operation and care for persons onboard, and information technology; and present 45 competencies of ROs for managing autonomous ships from ashore, which a conceptual model can explain.