Gymnastics Training Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF 10-WEEK ISOKINETIC TRAINING ON MUSCLE STRENGTH AND GYMNASTIC PERFORMANCE IN PREADOLESCENT FEMALE GYMNAST

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isokinetic training on muscle strength and gymnastic performance when added to traditional gymnastic training on handspring vault in preadolescent female gymnasts. Twenty female gymnasts with a mean age of 10.50 ± 1.19 years, height 125.50 ± 4.52cm, and body mass 27.30 ± 2.58 kg volunteered to participate in this study. A Cybex II Isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the peak torque of the knee joint in extension at angular velocities of 60°/sec and 300°/ sec. A Casio EX-F1 (Tokyo, Japan) high speed video camera was placed perpendicular to the optical axis of springboard and vaulting horse. The subjects participated in 10-weeks training for three non-consecutive days per week, 2 hours per day, and separated into two equal groups. The experimental group (EG) followed a specialized training program (technical preparation and muscle strength via Cybex II), whereas the control group (CG) followed the traditional training program (technical preparation and muscle strength). Results showed no significant interaction was found for gymnastic score; however, a significant main effect was found for the time. No significant interaction effect among the three independent variables (group, time, side) was found for the knee extension at 60°/sec. However, the EG had a significantly higher mean values compared to the CG in the post-test. The interaction among the three independent variables with respect to the knee flexion at 300°/sec was not significant. However, the interaction between sides by group was significant. The 10-week isokinetic training added to the traditional training improved the knee strength, which consequently improved aspects of the vault, but did not affect other technical aspects of the handspring performance. Furthermore, results of our study support the claim that optimal performance is the result of a complex interaction of several factors.

Effects of Brain Gymnastics on Decreased Stress Levels in College Students

The background of this study is non-pharmacological management to reduce stress one of which is brain gymnastics. Brain gymnastic movements can activate the neocortex and sympathetic nerves to reduce the increased production of adrenaline hormones in the body that can relieve psychological tension as well as physical tension. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of brain gymnastics on the decrease in stress levels in students of the final level of the DIII Health Analyst Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba in 2019. The method used in this research using a pre-experiment research design with the one-group pre-post test design method. Sampling by means of Nonprobability sampling: Consecutive sampling with a total of 28 respondents. Measurement of stress levels using a watershed questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) with statistical tests used is a paired t-test. The results of this study showed that there was an effect of brain gymnastics exercise on the decrease in stress levels in students of the final level of the DIII Health Analyst Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba with a mean Pretest score of 22.61 while the mean Postest 12.75 so that the average value of changes in pretest and posttest stress levels with a mean value of 9,857 with an std. deviation of 3,354. In conclusion, there is a meaningful influence on brain gymnastics training on the decrease in stress levels in students of the final level of the DIII Health Analyst Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba 2019.

Precompetitive Stress In Rhythmic Gymnasts Assessed By Using Salivary Alpha-amylase, Protein And Potassium

Stress and adaptation are primary components of training and competitions in rhythmic gymnastics. This sport requires gymnasts to demonstrate maximum physical effort under great psychological pressure. Non-invasive biomarkers, such as salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), function as useful indicators of stress in acute and chronic stress studies. PURPOSE: To assess the pre-competitive stress levels in rhythmic gymnasts by using non-invasive biochemical methods and anxiety questionnaires. METHODS: The study included 10 rhythmic gymnast competitors (age: 14.7 ± 1.57 years), at the Bulgarian Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships. Saliva was collected by using cotton swab salivates without salivary stimulation at three different times: at home nine days pre-competition (baseline), before a training session five days pre-competition, and just before the competition. The sAA activity and the concentration of salivary protein (sP) and salivary potassium (K+) were measured. Trait and state anxiety were evaluated by using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS: The mean state anxiety score was significantly higher before the training session in contrast to the baseline, 36.90 ± 11.03 vs 30.80 ± 10.26, p < 0.05 and before the competition, 40.10 ± 9.57 vs 30.80 ± 10.26, p < 0.05). The mean sAA activity was 5.89 ± 0.75 ln(U/mL) at baseline, and increased significantly to 6.56 ± 0.58 ln(U/mL) just before the training session (p < 0.05), and it was 6.90 ± 0.70 ln(U/mL) before the competition (p < 0.05 vs baseline). The mean sP concentration increased progressively but the differences were not significant 1.84 ± 0.70 [g/L] vs 2.28 ± 0.97 [g/L] vs 2.91 ± 1.44 [g/L], respectively. The mean salivary K+ concentration was significantly higher before the competition vs the baseline value (35.73 ± 8.3 mmol/L vs 23.94 ± 4.83 mmol/L, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The sAA activity and salivary K+ concentration were both in agreement with the anxiety scores, and they can be applied as useful non-invasive biomarkers of stress. A combination of psychological, biochemical and physiological indicators should be used to establish a comprehensive assessment of stress in competitive sport.

The Effect Of Physical Fitness Gymnastics Training 2012 On Increasing Of Physical Fitness

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh menurunnya tingkat kesegaran jasmani yang dimiliki siswa di SMA Negeri 8 Kendari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan kebugaran jasmani 2012 terhadap peningkatan kebugaran jasmani siswa. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Penelitian eksperimen adalah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebab dan akibat yang terjadi pada subjek penelitian setelah diberikan suatu tindakan atau perlakuan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu, desain penelitian ini adalah One Group Pretest-Posttest Design . Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 9 minggu dengan frekuensi latihan 3 kali seminggu yaitu pada hari Kamis, Jumat dan Sabtu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMA Negeri 8 Kendari yang berjumlah 98 siswa dan sampel sebanyak 10 siswa yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel yang memberikan kesempatan yang sama kepada siswa untuk menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Analisis statistik menggunakan IBM SPSS versi 25 untuk mencari data deskriptif (mean, standar deviasi), uji normalitas (shapiro-wilk) dan homogenitas (uji levene) dan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji-t dan uji-t sampel berpasangan untuk pengujian hipotesis di penelitian dan untuk tingkat signifikansi menggunakan 0,05. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai post-test dengan hitung t-hitung = 6,474 &gt; t-tabel = 1,833 dan 0,006 &lt; 0,05. Artinya ada pengaruh akibat latihan kebugaran jasmani 2012 terhadap peningkatan kebugaran jasmani siswa. Jadi, dalam penelitian ini dipastikan bahwa latihan kebugaran jasmani tahun 2012 terbukti positif dapat meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani siswa dari rendah ke tinggi. Penelitian ini berimplikasi untuk memberikan informasi bagi dosen, guru atau instruktur mengenai pentingnya penggunaan latihan kebugaran jasmani 2012 bagi mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat kebugaran jasmani relatif rendah..

An Investigation of the Effect of 12-Week Gymnastics and Ballet Training on Balance and Flexibility Skills in Preschool Children

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of a 12-week gymnastics and ballet training on the balance and flexibility skills in pre-school children. The study was conducted with a total of 23 girls who had just started gymnastics (n = 11) and ballet (n = 12) in private sports clubs in Erzurum, Turkey. The verbal provocation method was used during the tests and exercises since the children aged 5-6 years may have low attention span. Also, some alternative methods (i.e. educational games) were used in cases where children were distracted. Flexibility of the children was measured on the sit-and-reach box, and their static balance was measured with the flamingo balance test. First, the pre-tests and then, after 12 weeks of training, the post-tests were administered, upon which the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores was estimated. Mann-Whitney U Test was used to examine the relationship between pre-test and post-test values. No statistical significance (p> 0.05) was found between the balance pre-test and post-test scores after 12 weeks of training, while a statistical significance (p<0.05) was found in terms of the flexibility scores. As a result, it turned out that the training did not affect the stabilization between the two branches, but it increased the flexibility development in gymnasts in comparison to ballerinas. This can be explained by the different development rates of balance and flexibility in children, and also by the fact that gymnastics and ballet develop children's bio-motor characteristics at different rates.

Pelayanan perpustakaan desa berbasis inklusi sosial di Perpustakaan Desa Jendela Dunia Kabupaten Kuningan Jawa Barat

Introduction. A village library is a public library that support rural community education activities. The village library should be transformed into a sosial inclusion-based library. The paper aims to explore services and activities of Jendela Dunia Village Library based on sosial inclusion. &#x0D; Data Collection Method. This paper used a qualitatative research method with a case study approach. &#x0D; Data Analysis. The data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observations, and library studies. &#x0D; Results and Discussion. The Jendela Dunia Village Library has been run based on sosial inclusion considering aspects of collection development to support the needs of the community with a web-based digital library. Several activities have also been conducted such as organising training of computer, making handicrafts, arts, and gymnastics, organisings innovative KOBOK services, managing mobile reading bicycles, and supporting health literacy through Posyandu and Posbindu. &#x0D; Conclusion. Jendela Dunia Village Library is a sosial inclusion-based library that is creatively managed and has the full support of the village leader. This can be a model for other village libraries in utilizing the potential of the village. Jendela Dunia Village Library also opens training sfor library managers outside the village.

A Longitudinal Study of Bone Mineral Accrual during Growth in Competitive Premenarcheal Rhythmic Gymnasts

The purpose of this investigation was to study whether prolonged competitive rhythmic gymnastics training influenced bone mineral accrual in premenarcheal girls. Eighty-nine girls (45 rhythmic gymnasts [RG] and 44 untrained controls [UC]) between 7 and 9 years of age were recruited and measured annually for four years (not all participants were measured at every occasion). Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess the development of whole body (WB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral content (BMC). In addition, body composition, blood adipokine and jumping performance characteristics were obtained. For longitudinal analyses, hierarchical mixed-effects models were constructed to predict differences in the development of WB, FN and LS BMC between RG and UC groups, while accounting for differences in body composition, blood adipokine and jumping performance values. It appeared that from 8 years of age, RG had lower (p < 0.05) fat mass and leptin values, and higher (p < 0.05) jumping performance measures in comparison with UC girls. Hierarchical mixed-effects models demonstrated that RG had 71.9 ± 12.0, 0.23 ± 0.11 and 1.39 ± 0.42 g more (p < 0.05) WB, FN and LS BMC, respectively, in comparison with UC girls. In addition, WB, FN and LS BMC increased more (p < 0.05) between 7 to 12 years of age in RG girls in comparison with UC. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the prolonged exposure to competitive rhythmic gymnastics trainings in premenarcheal girls is associated with greater bone mineral accrual despite lower body fat mass and leptin values.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЗМІСТУ ХОРЕОГРАФІЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВИСОКОКВАЛІФІКОВАНИХ СПОРТСМЕНІВ В АЕРОБНІЙ ГІМНАСТИЦІ

The study identified areas for improvement of choreographic training in aerobic gymnastics. Improving the structure and content of choreographic training of athletes in aerobic gymnastics remains one of the central problems of the theory and methods of training athletes. The current level of world achievements in this sport, the growth of its popularity and the expansion of the geography of competitions requires the search for new scientifically sound, effective methods of choreographic training that meet modern trends in sports. One of the ways to improve the methodology of choreographic training in aerobic gymnastics should be intensified work on the technique of performing elements inherent in the sport, as well as choreographic movements. For this purpose, it is necessary to improve the program material on choreographic training, to systematize it according to modern tendencies of development of aerobic gymnastics, and also to adapt to a stage of preparation of the highest achievements of athletes. The article is aimed to increase the effectiveness of choreographic training in aerobic gymnastics at the stage of preparation for higher achievements. Materials and methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of data of scientific, methodical and special literature, documentary materials. The analysis of the data allowed to outline areas for improving the content of choreographic training at the stage of preparation for higher achievements in aerobic gymnastics: creating the latest methods of choreographic training, improving regulations, taking into account the specifics and trends of aerobic gymnastics in software development of choreographic training; development of a control system for choreographic training; improvement of means of education of expressiveness, improvement of compositions of competitive programs. The content of choreographic training of athletes at the stage of preparation for higher achievements in aerobic gymnastics has been improved, in which means and methods of improving choreographic training in accordance with modern requirements of the sport have been selected, the optimal amount of load has been established; means of education of expressiveness and a technique of perfection of competitive compositions have been introduced, means and methods of control of choreographic readiness of athletes have been developed.

ANTHROPOMETRIC AND MOTOR CHANGES AFTER ONE-YEAR AEROBIC GYMNASTICS TRAINING IN YOUNG GYMNASTS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one-year specific aerobic gymnastics training on selected anthropometric and motor parameters in 6-11-year-old girls. 23 girls (average age in the beginning of the study was 8.04 ± 1.22 years) were involved in the study representing 2 different aerobic gymnastics sports clubs in Slovakia. The selected group completed their regular trainings and competitions for a period of one year. Measurements were taken in January 2019 and January 2020, in the middle of the preparatory period. Normality of distribution of the traits was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Considering anthropometric parameters, there were significant changes (p≤0.01) in body height, body weight and BMI. Considering motor parameters, the mean values of straddle support hold and back extension endurance test increased significantly to the level of p≤0.05. The mean values of 4x10m shuttle run, standing long jump, modified push-ups, sit-ups in 60s increased significantly to the level of p≤0.01. No significant changes were observed in bent arm hang test or hanging knee tucks. On the other hand, the values of 1 leg stand with eyes closed and 2-min endurance shuttle run decreased insignificantly.

Boys gymnastics injuries: A 9-year retrospective review

ABSTRACT Objectives: Young male gymnasts are a frequently injured, yet infrequently studied population. Literature on gymnastics injuries has focused primarily on female gymnasts at elite and collegiate levels. Gymnastics equipment, rules, and training methods have continued to evolve over the past few decades so the previous data likely does not reflect current injury patterns. Our study aimed to provide a description of injury patterns for contemporary club-level, pre-collegiate male gymnasts. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 163 gymnastics injuries from 84 male subjects ages 4–19 years. Subjects were seen between 2010 and 2019 in pediatric sports medicine clinics. Gymnast demographics, injury locations, injury types, and gymnastics apparatus were collected as available. Results: Our cohort had a mean age of 12.5 ± 3.0 years, gymnastics participation for 8.1 ± 2.9 years, and gymnastics level of 7.4 ± 1.7. Overuse injuries (59.5%) were more common than acute injuries (40.5%). The most common injury locations were lower extremity (42.3%), followed by upper extremity (32.5%), spine/trunk (19.6%), and head/neck (5.5%). The leading injury types were strains (16.6%) and apophysitis (12.9%). The most common apparatus for injury was floor (25%) followed by vault (20%). Binomial logistic regressions revealed that higher gymnastics level (OR = 5.19, p = .031) and younger age (OR = 4.05, p = .012) were predictors of lower extremity injuries. Conclusion: Our data show that injuries among club-level, young male gymnasts were most frequently located in the lower extremities. This contrasts older studies of primarily elite male gymnasts where injuries were more common in upper extremities. Overuse injuries were most prevalent in our cohort, and the most frequent injury types were strains and apophysitis.

INFLUENCE OF 12-WEEK ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS TRAINING ON CHILDREN'S STRENGTH AND BALANCE PERFORMANCE

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of 12-week artistic gymnastics training on children's strength and static balance performance. A total of 32 children attending gymnastic club for kids with mean age 6.09 ± 7.45 years; height 106.81 ± 5.47 cm, body weight 17.00 ± 2.72kg and body mass index (BMI) 14.98 ± 2.57 kg/m2 were included in the study. A training program with 270-minute intensity at a frequency of 3 days a week for 12 weeks has been implemented for all participants. Hand grip strength test, stretched arm hanging duration on high bar and stork balance test for dominant and non-dominant legs were applied to the participants. SPSS 21.0 statistical program was used in the statistical analysis of the data and the statistical significance level was accepted as &lt;0.05. As a result of the study, while a statistically significant difference has not been observed between Non-dominant leg stork balance pre-test and the post-test (p=0.06&gt;0.05), a statistically significant difference was observed between the Dominant leg stork balance pre-test and the post-test (p=0.00&lt;0.05). However, a significant difference was found between both hand grip strength pre-test and post-test (p=0.00&lt;0.05) and stretched arm hanging duration on high bar pre-test and post-test (p=0.00&lt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the participant’s pretest sit and reach and the post-test (p= 0.00&lt;0.05). It can be said with this study that 12-week artistic gymnastics training increased children's forearm flexor muscle isometric strength and balance performance.

Training in Rhythmic Gymnastics During the Pandemic.

The pandemic caused by the COVID 19 Virus creates an unprecedented situation of global confinement altering the development of competition and sports training at all levels of participation and in all sports, including rhythmic gymnastics (RG). To avoid possible effects of physical, technical and psychological detraining, coaches looked for home training alternatives. The objectives of the study were to know how rhythmic gymnastics training developed during the lockdown period (the conditions, type of training, performance monitoring means, and determinants of gymnasts’ participation) and to provide recommendations for a possible future lockdown. Three hundred and two RG coaches from twenty-six different countries throughout the five continents and four professional levels took part in the study: national team (28), international (26), national (172) and regional (75). The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of 39 closed questions structured in three dimensions: identification data of the coaches, training data during confinement and gymnast participation data. The independent variable was the gymnasts’ performance levels and the dependent variables organized in four categories: the technical media used to conduct and monitor the training sessions, the type of training done, the mechanisms for monitoring training performance and the aspects that determined participation. Most coaches kept their gymnasts training during confinement, although 76.5% confirm abandonment of any of their gymnasts. The main means used were real-time video conferencing, although at the lower practice levels the media stand out in deferred time. The contents of the training were mainly body technique, physical preparation and body difficulties. For performance monitoring, challenges, physical, and technical tests were predominant. The determinants for the development of training in the confinement vary depending on the level of the gymnasts, connectivity and electronic resources at the highest level, and the availability of spaces and social distancing at lower levels. For future lockdowns, it is necessary to review the content of the trainings, as well as the performance evaluation and the means necessary for it.

The Neuromuscular Characteristics of Gymnasts' Jumps and Landings at Particular Stages of Sports Training.

Safe and proper landings are crucial elements of gymnastics events. Long-term training leads to specific neuromuscular adaptations which are yet to be explored in terms of gymnastic landings. The aim of the study was to assess differences in landings’ neuromuscular characteristics between gymnasts at three subsequent gymnastic training stages and age-matched non-athletes. Forty-six gymnasts (G) and 58 controls (C) performed countermovement jumps on a force plate with simultaneous surface electromyography (SEMG) of lower body muscles, measured during the pre-(100 ms) and post-landing phase (0-100 and 0-200 ms). Three age groups participated in the study: 8–10 (G1, C1), 12–14 (G2, C2), 18–25 (G3, C3) years. Analysis included the normalized root mean square (NRMS) SEMG signal and ground reaction forces (GRFs). Gymnasts achieved 13% higher values (p = 0.04) of relative peak GRFs in comparison with controls. It was especially seen in 8–10-year-olds: G1 presented 33% higher (p = 0.03) results than C1 and G2. In SEMG analysis, gymnasts showed overall lower NRMS values in comparison with the controls. In the pre-landing phase, the NRMS in the rectus femoris was from 1.6 up to 3.4 times higher for C1 (p = 0.02) than for C2, G2, C3, and G3. Gymnasts across subsequent training stages exhibit different patterns of neuromuscular coordination during landings. The highest GRF observed in the youngest gymnasts may be a potential risk factor of injuries. Therefore, further injury-focused investigation is recommended to monitor landing strategies among gymnasts of different stages with particular emphasis on the beginners.

Characteristics of Functional Stability in Young Adolescent Female Artistic Gymnasts.

The aim of this study was to determine whether young adolescent female artistic gymnasts demonstrate better functional stability than age- and sex-matched non-athletes. Different characteristics of the gymnasts’ postural control were expected to be observed. Twenty-two 10- to 13-year-old healthy females (ten national-level artistic gymnasts and twelve non-athletes) participated in the study. To assess their forward functional stability, the 30-s limit of stability test was performed on a force plate. The test consisted of three phases: quiet standing, transition to maximal forward leaning, and standing in the maximal forward leaning position. Between-group comparisons of the directional subcomponents of the root mean squares and mean velocities of the center of pressure and rambling-trembling displacements in two phases (quiet standing and standing in maximal leaning) were conducted. Moreover, anterior stability limits were compared. During standing in maximal forward leaning, there were no differences in the center of pressure and rambling measures between gymnasts and non-athletes (p > 0.05). The values of trembling measures in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions were significantly lower in gymnasts (p < 0.05). Both groups presented similar values for anterior stability limits (p > 0.05). The comparisons of rambling components may suggest a similar supraspinal control of standing in the maximal leaning position between gymnasts and healthy non-athletes. However, decreased trembling in gymnasts may indicate reduced noise in their postural control system possibly due to superior control processes at the spinal level. The anterior stability limit was not influenced by gymnastics training in female adolescents.

Choreography as a means of increasing the level of technical training of gymnasts 6-7 years

Choreography in sports has long been established as a means of specialized training of high-class athletes, which helps to make compositions more vivid, original, expressive, spectacular. Thanks to the means of choreography, you can watch the wonderful, diverse performances of gymnasts, where for each athlete selected styles and nationalities, based on their physical characteristics and temperament. Therefore, the team work of a coach and choreographer is very important. The purpose of the work - to determine the effectiveness of choreography lessons in the training process of gymnasts 6-7 years. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical observation and experiment; testing; methods of mathematical statistics. Organization of the study. The research was conducted in SDYUSHOR DOO FST "Ukraine" on rhythmic gymnastics. The study involved 20 girls 6-7 years old, who attended sports school 5 times a week for 135 minutes. Research results. Based on the results of testing the initial level of choreographic training of gymnasts 6-7 years old, we can say that the level of choreographic training in both groups is almost the same and is insufficient for further sports improvement, so we have developed and implemented choreography lessons. The lesson consists of a classical exercise, in which the basic technique of dance skill is practiced. When studying choreography develops inversion, flexibility, coordination, stability, easy high jump; the correct posture is made; the musculoskeletal system is strengthened, and also culture of movements and ability to think creatively is formed. At the end of the experiment, retesting was performed, which showed that the level of choreographic preparation of the control group, which was engaged in the usual schedule, without the use of choreography lessons, almost did not change and only 2 exercises were performed at a high level. Meanwhile, in the experimental group, which was engaged in the developed methodology, there have been significant changes. All 10 exercises were demonstrated by gymnasts at high and above average levels. Prospects for further research. Development of choreography complexes for gymnasts 6-7 years old using objects for rhythmic gymnastics.

Role of Human Body Posture Recognition Method Based on Wireless Network Kinect in Line Dance Aerobics and Gymnastics Training

With the rapid development of the information society, human body gesture recognition has become an important technology for human‐computer interaction. This paper combines Kinect’s human bone monitoring technology with auxiliary gymnastics training. The gymnastics and dance training can correct students’ wrong movements in time through feedback and improve the training efficiency, so as to meet the needs of nature and harmony of human‐machine interaction. In this paper, based on the wireless network Kinect, the human body posture recognition method and tracking technology are studied, and the joint point angle representation method based on the fixed axis is proposed, and the posture recognition method based on the joint point angle is improved, which can accurately recognize the human body posture. Aiming at the situation that the human joint points are occluded, the human joint point repair algorithm is improved. The algorithm is based on the proportion of human bone nodes and the characteristics of human motion, and based on geometric principles, it repairs the occluded points. The feasibility of the original joint point data, angle feature, and distance feature in expressing human behavior is analyzed through experiments, a standard gymnastics movement database is established, and new gymnastics movements can be entered at any time. A gymnastics auxiliary training system is designed, which can analyze and evaluate the exercises of the trainer from the joint point coordinates and the angle formed by the joints and provide the trainer with intuitive error correction prompts. The human body posture recognition method studied in this paper can accurately give the difference between the trainer’s movement and the standard movement, and the trainer can adjust the movement posture according to the prompts, improve the level of gymnastics, and achieve the purpose of auxiliary training. Experiments show that the algorithm model has an accuracy rate of 95.7% for human body posture recognition, and it plays a huge role in line dance aerobics and gymnastics training.

Kinematic analysis as the basis for training strategy in gymnastics

The kinematic analysis of gymnastic skills performance is a widely used research method in sports science. This study presents the experience of applying the method of kinematic analysis in the managing the training process of junior gymnasts on the example of mastering three basic gymnastic skills. The test group included 10 junior male gymnasts of the age 9 to 12. The subject of kinematic analysis was based on comparing gymnasts’ joint angles, angular velocity and angular acceleration parameters. The kinematics parameters of gymnastic skills performance by a highly qualified gymnast became the target model for junior gymnasts. As a result of these targets application in the training of junior gymnasts, changes in the basic skills kinematic parameters were detected. At the end of the study, the kinematics parameters of junior gymnasts became much closer to the model parameters. Thus, the effectiveness of the kinematics analysis method in the training of junior gymnasts was demonstrated.

The Effects of after-School Training of Different Sports Events on the Physical Fitness of Adolescents and Its Comparative Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various sports interventions on adolescents’ physical fitness. One hundred twenty adolescents were recruited from a college (60 males and 60 females) and were randomly divided into four equal groups. The experimental groups (Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3) each received 1.5 hours of medium-intensity sport interventions three times a week. The only difference among them was that Group 1 did tennis, Group 2 did basketball, and Group 3 did gymnastics. Group 4, on the other hand, served as a control group, receiving no intervention. Subjects in each of the four groups were tested before and after the intervention using the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students (2014 Revision) items. The test results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The independent variable was the sport natures, whereas the dependent variable was the difference between pre and post-intervention measurements. It was found that 1) the experimental groups outperformed the control group on all test indicators; 2) The basketball group improved significantly more than the tennis and gymnastics groups in terms of spirometry performance; 3) The gymnastics group improved significantly more than the tennis and basketball groups in terms of sitting forward bend; 4) The tennis group improved significantly more than the basketball and gymnastics groups in one-minute sit-up performance. To conclude, this study found that after-school training could promote adolescents’ physical fitness. In detail, tennis training can significantly improve one-minute sit-up performance. Basketball training can significantly improve vital capacity. Gymnastic training can significantly enhance the sitting forward bend performance.

ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ В СПОРТИВНОЙ АЭРОБИКЕ

High requirements in sports aerobics to the versatile special readiness of athletes (physical, technical and artistic) are determined by its significant influence on the results of competitive performances and on their high-quality performance. In gymnastics the process of sports training is understood as a unity of closely related components, the main component is the special physical and technical training of gymnasts. The conducted research summarizes the scientific and methodological material on the problem of optimising the process of special training in sports aerobics, aimed at a comprehensive increase in the level of performance skills of young gymnasts. The experimental methodology of special training is based on the complex use of integral training means such as special preparatory exercises, structurally similar to the main competitive components of sports aerobics, and training forms of competitive exercises. During the experiment the organizational and pedagogical conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the process of special training in sports aerobics at the stage of sports improvement were specified.

Generalized and Efficient Skill Assessment from IMU Data with Applications in Gymnastics and Medical Training

Human activity recognition is progressing from automatically determining what a person is doing and when, to additionally analyzing the quality of these activities—typically referred to as skill assessment. In this chapter, we propose a new framework for skill assessment that generalizes across application domains and can be deployed for near-real-time applications. It is based on the notion of repeatability of activities defining skill. The analysis is based on two subsequent classification steps that analyze (1) movements or activities and (2) their qualities, that is, the actual skills of a human performing them. The first classifier is trained in either a supervised or unsupervised manner and provides confidence scores, which are then used for assessing skills. We evaluate the proposed method in two scenarios: gymnastics and surgical skill training of medical students. We demonstrate both the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the generalized assessment method, especially compared to previous work.