Gymnastics Training Research Articles

Effects of proprioceptive training using BOSU® balance trainer on core strength and static balance in young competitive rhythmic gymnasts

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the effects of eight weeks of proprioceptive training using a BOSU® balance trainer on core strength and static balance in young rhythmic gymnasts. Methods: Twenty-three young competitive female rhythmic gymnasts, (age: 9.7 ± 1.9 yrs; weight; 26.1 ± 6.5 kg; height: 131.2 ± 10.9 cm; years of experience in RG: 3.5 ± 1.7) were assigned into an experimental group (EG, n = 12) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a series of tests included the side bridge test, the stork stand balance test, and the rhythmic gymnastics balance test before and after the experimental intervention. All participants engaged in regular rhythmic gymnastics training throughout the intervention period with EG supplemented with BOSU® balance trainer proprioceptive training. The intervention programme consisted of six sets of exercises that focused on improving core strength and static balance. Training volume was kept consistent throughout the experiment, with each exercise performed for 30 s followed by a 45-s rest in 2 sets, 3 times a week. Results: Results showed that EG improved core strength significantly for right (P < 0.001) and left (P = 0.038) sides. However, there was no significant difference found in static balance (Stork Stand Balance Test and Rhythmic Gymnastics Balance Test) between EG and CG. Conclusion: The study concluded that proprioceptive training using BOSU® balance trainer implemented for 8 weeks on young competitive rhythmic gymnasts improved core strength but not in static balance

The Influence of Creative Gymnastics Exercise on Improving Physical Fitness In Women In Coastal Area Jorong Tanah Laut District

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of creative gymnastic exercises on women on the coast of Jorong, Tanah Laut. The method used in this study is the pre-experimental method. The population in this study were female traders on the coast of Jorong, totaling 30 people and a sample of 30 people. In this study, a total sampling technique was used, namely the entire population was used as the main sample. The process of carrying out the research was by making creative exercise videos, then the exercises were tested on women on the coast. after the gymnastic movements can be carried out properly and correctly, the researcher provides a creative gymnastic training program 3 times a week, this activity lasts for 2 months.Based on the results of calculations using the t-test, it can be seen that the tcount before exercise with creative gymnastics with aerobic gymnastics is -7.071 with a probability of 0.000, because probability <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of creative gymnastics training on increasing fitness body for women along the coast of Jorong, Tanah Laut Regency.

Insights from a Nine-Segment Biomechanical Model and Its Simulation for Anthropometrical Influence on Individualized Planche Learning and Training in Gymnastics.

The Planche is a challenging, the most required, and a highly valued gymnastic skill. Yet, it is understudied biomechanically. This article aims to explore the anthropometric variations that could affect the quality of balancing control in the Planche and to identify the body types that have an advantage in learning and training. To achieve this goal, a 9-segment rigid-body model is designed to simulate the skill performance by using 80 different body types. The results demonstrate that body type is a critical factor in determining an individual's innate ability to perform the Planche. The innate ability is affected by body mass, height, gender, and race. The findings reveal that a personalized training plan based on an individual's body type is necessary for optimal learning and training. A one-size-fits-all approach may not be effective since each individual's body type varies. Additionally, this study emphasizes the importance of considering segmental and/or limb characteristics in designing effective training plans. This study concludes that, for a given height, individuals with relatively longer legs and a shorter trunk (the characteristics of Europeans in comparison to Asians) could be better suited to perform the Planche. This suggests that European body types are naturally more advanced than Asian body types when it comes to performing the Planche. The practical implications of the current study are that practitioners can use biomechanical modeling and simulation techniques to identify body types that are most suited for the Planche and design training programs that are tailored to individual body types for optimizing their learning and training.

Sex-based comparison of trunk flexors and extensors functional and contractile characteristics in young gymnasts

PurposeGymnastics is a sport characterized by acrobatic and postural strength exercises that require great trunk muscles activation and control. Males and females can be characterized by different morphological and neuromuscular characteristics of such muscles, and this might be of importance for training and injury prevention. The aim of this study was to measure different aspects of trunk flexors and extensors characteristics in a sample of young female and male gymnasts.MethodsTwenty-eight sub-elite adolescent female (n = 14, 16 y, 14–17) and male (n = 14, 17 y, 14–18) gymnasts participated in this cross-sectional study. Tensiomyography was used to assess muscle contractile properties of the rectus abdominis (m.RA) and erector spinae (m.ES), while muscle thickness was assessed for abdominal muscles and lumbar multifidus (m.LM) with ultrasound. Flexors, extensors, and lateral endurance tests were performed.ResultsFemales presented smaller m.ES radial displacement (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.535), smaller internal oblique thickness (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.543), and shorter lateral endurance (p = 0.002, pη2 = 0.302). A significant side × sex interaction was found for the external oblique thickness (p = 0.004, pη2 = 0.276).ConclusionPresent findings report sex-based differences in abdominal and lumbar muscles characteristics and support the development of different sex-based training and rehabilitation protocols in adolescent gymnasts.

The role of choregraphic training in the development of artistic skills in 7–8-year-old female gymnasts

Within rhythmic gymnastics, the choreographic training of 7–8-year-old children is a current issue, but not valued in the theory and practice of sport. Since the choreographic training represents one of the basic links that conditions the aesthetic training of the movement, it offers the maximum possibilities of knowing the school of movements, which positively reflects on the level of technical training of the gymnasts. Choreographic training must be based on elementary technique, a correct outfit, stable motor skills, musical training and a series of requirements of this activity. Well-systematized choreographic training develops muscle elasticity, agility and coordination capabilities of movements, contributes to achieving harmonious and expressive movements. In the choreographic training, exercises from various dance styles are used to develop the qualities that dance execution requires: support force, joint mobility, the formation of body aesthetics and the improvement of artistic execution and rhythmicity. Choreographic training is more easily formed in childhood, when we have to act correctly by applying a scientifically based system, but this is achieved in performance. We propose to form a qualified choreographic training of gymnasts to be able to face the needs imposed by the Scoring Code of the International Federation of Rhythmic Gymnastics.

Gymnastics and concussions: A retrospective chart review

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation (using PCSS), mechanism of injury, and recovery time of concussions sustained by gymnasts. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed at Boston Children’s Hospital: Sports Medicine Clinic. Patients were identified with the words ‘gymnastics’ and ‘concussion.’ Male and female gymnasts were included if they sustained a concussion during gymnastics training or competition and were between the ages of 6–22 years old. Sex, age, injury site, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and time to presentation are described. Patients were compared during different types of gymnastics events for overall symptom burden, and individual symptom severities. Results A total of 201 charts were assessed over a 6-year period and 62 patients met inclusion criteria. Floor exercise was the most common event at the time of injury. Loss of consciousness occurred in 20% of injuries. There was no significant association between the type of event and PCSS upon initial clinical visit (p = 0.82). A total of 13 gymnasts returned to the clinic for a subsequent injury after their concussion (Table 3). Conclusions Gymnasts are at risk for sport-related concussions. Most gymnasts reporting to a tertiary care center with the diagnosis of concussion sustain their injuries during floor exercise.

How does artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics training affect dynamic balance, abdominal strength, jump performance, and flexibility in adult females?

How does artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics training affect dynamic balance, abdominal strength, jump performance, and flexibility in adult females?

Methodologically and Psychological Aspects in the Gymnastics Training

The author has created two gymnastic exercises on parallel bars on the basis of objective logical analysis. One of them (bent with side straddleturn and twist on 90 degrees to longitudinal angle swing) is performed by the author and some other gymnastics. The next one—the same with open legs is performed only by the author (1989), which makes the article innovative activity. By this moment no other gymnast has performed the exercise.The significance of the physical and the technical as well as the psychological preparation for successful learning of new and difficult gymnastic exercises is underlined.

EFEITOS DO TREINAMENTO DE GINÁSTICA SOBRE A APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIAS

ABSTRACT Introduction: The physical education curriculum aims to improve the level of students, benefiting the development of physical and mental health. Currently, the original physical education curriculum does not meet the specific requirements of today's students and needs to undergo a new stage of restructuring in its development. Objective: Analyze the impacts of gymnastics training on the physical fitness of female college students. Methods: We selected 86 female college students who chose the gymnastics elective course. The volunteers were divided into an experimental (n=43) and a control group (n=43). While the control performed basic training, the experimental group performed aerobics training according to an established protocol. The experiment, 60 minutes daily, was performed twice a week for 18 weeks. Data related to body composition and functional physical performance were collected before and after the intervention, and a comparative analysis was performed with statistical software. Results: The experimental group showed considerable gains; body fat ratio decreased from 27.99 to 26.25; vital capacity increased by 15.13%, and maximum strength performance in one minute increased by 15.02%. Conclusion: According to the results presented, gymnastics training significantly improved female college students’ physical fitness. Its constant exercise also has the potential to improve the muscle tone of the pelvic girdle and abdomen. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Retracted: Gymnastics Action Recognition and Training Posture Analysis Based on Artificial Intelligence Sensor

Retracted: Gymnastics Action Recognition and Training Posture Analysis Based on Artificial Intelligence Sensor

TREINAMENTO PREVENTIVO DE FORÇA DE LESÕES NA GINÁSTICA AERÓBICA

ABSTRACT Introduction Aerobics is a combination of strength and beauty. The complexity of its movements is extreme, and it is easy to cause injuries from sports training in its athletes. Objective Analyze the effect of strength training on injury prevention in aerobic gymnastics. Methods The total duration of the experiment was 8 weeks, and the athletes in the experimental group were trained three times a week with the help of teachers in a dedicated strength training program. The exercise principle of the control group was to perform physical strength training based on running. The control group did not have the special protocol intervention. Their scores were collected and compared before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed for scientific appreciation of the collected data. Results The scores on the deep squat, obstacle avoidance, front and back squat, scapular girdle joint flexibility, straight leg raising, stable trunk flexions, and rotational stability tests in the experimental group were all statistically differentiated. However, the control group’s scores had little difference, showing a slight decrease. Conclusion It is recommended to insert the presented program into the conventional aerobic gymnastics training, always with changes that adjust the reality of the athletes’ situation, protecting their physical health and improving their competitive level. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

FADIGA E REABILITAÇÃO NO TREINAMENTO DE GINASTAS

ABSTRACT Introduction Aerobic gymnastics requires a lot of physical ability and endurance. Fatigue is an inevitable consequence of intrinsic movements with a high intensity related to the sport. Objective Analyze the rehabilitation strategy of sports fatigue in aerobic gymnastics athletes caused by training. Methods 20 volunteer aerobics students in colleges and universities were recruited and divided into experimental and control groups. High-intensity aerobic gymnastics training was performed where the experimental group used a combined exercise fatigue recovery scheme, while the control group used only traditional walking and stretching. Results Lasting 40 minutes, the post-exercise fatigue rehabilitation protocol showed a decreasing trend in muscle stress, while the control group evidenced a fluctuating decreasing trend. The recovery frequency of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion The combined method of rehabilitation training mentioned in this paper can better regulate the heart rate of athletes, reduce the level of fatigue, and transform passive relaxation into active sports rehabilitation, engaging the enthusiasm of sport in athletes. Therefore, the scheme proposed in this paper has better practical significance and practical value. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

LESÕES ESPORTIVAS EM ATLETAS DE GINÁSTICA AERÓBICA DE ALTO NÍVEL

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the rapid development of aerobic gymnastics worldwide, research is required to constantly increase. Objective: Analyze the main causes of sports injuries, proposing measures for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation, as well as providing a theoretical basis for reducing the risk of sports injuries and actively seeking ways and measures to prevent and treat sports injuries in aerobic gymnastics athletes. Methods: Statistical-mathematical analysis was used, mainly including the coefficient of variation method, correlation matrix method, and factor analysis. The common variable of the trend of sports injuries was found. Results: The research shows that the scientific awareness, self-protection, and injury prevention of aerobic gymnastics training strengthen the ideological education and theoretical guidance of athletes, improve athletes' awareness of sports injuries, regulate technical specifications, strengthen fitness training and improve Chinese competitive aerobics. Conclusion: In the healthy period before injuries, we should take various measures to improve physical fitness and skills, enabling good health work in the acute period after injuries and understanding the working principle of early diagnosis and treatment to better use treatment time. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Aktivno vreme vežbanja devojčica na treningu ritmičke gimnastike

Nowadays, children are most often involved in different sports clubs where they can satisfy their need for movement through recreational activities or the practice of sport on a higher level, and obtain benefits brought by regular physical activity. If the program of these activities is well-organized, its contribution is reflected in the fact that in this manner young people can increase their total time of practicing physical activity during the day. The goal of this research was to establish the active exercise time of female gymnasts in rhythmic gymnastics training sessions, with various apparatuses used in the training, as well as exercises without any apparatuses. A method of descriptive analysis was applied in this paper, with the utilization of objectively acquired data in rhythmic gymnastics training sessions. The data was collected by trained observers by applying the "SOFIT" instrument, during November and December of 2022. Twelve training sessions were observed and analyzed, performed in three different gymnastics clubs, and attended by a total of 126 girls, aged 7 to 11. Out of the total number of training sessions, there were three that had exercises without apparatus as their content, three with jump rope exercises, three with ball exercises, and three with hoop exercises. The acquired data was first analysed by the methods of descriptive statistics, after which a comparative analysis of gained results was performed. The application of various forms of apparatuses or exercises without apparatuses influences the active exercise time, as well as coach behaviour in rhythmic gymnastics training.

The shape of the sagittal curvatures of the spine in a high-level acrobatic gymnasts – comparison by sex

Specific loads on the spine and the very young age at which acrobatic gymnastics training is undertaken require monitoring the shape of the spine curvatures in gymnasts to detect possible postural abnormalities. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess and compare the shape of the spine in the sagittal plane in acrobatic gymnasts of both sexes and their associations with demographic and somatic variables. The study group included 159 acrobatic gymnasts aged 12-19 (106 females and 53 males) from 16 European countries. The study was designed as a survey and measurements of somatic variables and the angles of inclination (using the Baseline Bubble inclinometer) at four topographic points of the spine: S1, L5/S1, Th12/L1, C7/Th1. Based on the angles of spinal inclination, the sizes of the sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), and thoracic kyphosis (TK) were calculated. Body posture was assessed based on Wolański’s modified typology. The angles of SS and LL were significantly higher in females, and TK did not differ between sexes. Training experience positively correlated only with the size of the SS in both sexes. Age and somatic variables were significantly correlated with the size of the sagittal curvatures, mainly in females. The majority of gymnasts had a normal angle of SS and TK and a flattened LL. The equivalent and lordotic types of body posture were more frequent in females, and the kyphotic type in males. The incorrect body posture was noted in 19.8% of females and 43.4% of males. We concluded that acrobatic gymnasts are not at risk of increasing the size of spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane, but males show a tendency toward flattened LL and kyphotic type of body posture.

EFEITOS DOS EXERCÍCIOS DE AQUECIMENTO COM TREINAMENTO INTERVALADO NA APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE GINASTAS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Competitive gymnastics training is extremely debated in the Chinese scientific community. It is only when coaches choose proper physical training methods, they can fundamentally improve gymnasts’ physical fitness. Objective: Analyze the effect of warm-up exercises on gymnasts’ physical fitness. At the same time, this paper analyzes the factors that influence the indicators of gymnasts’ physical fitness. Methods: This paper selects several gymnasts as research objects. The gymnasts perform physical training with interval training warm-up for two months. Data of gymnasts’ physical constitution and the indicators related to their function are tracked and tested. Morphological indicators include height, circumference and body composition; functional indicators include multiple physiological and biochemical indicators (blood and urine analysis). Results: Gymnasts increased urea and creatine kinase concentrations after warm-up physical training. However, there was no statistical difference (P&gt;0.05). The primary functional status of the athletes was stable. The results showed a normal resting heart rate and a reduction of blood pressure in the elite athletes. Conclusion: Gymnasts using interval training can maintain high intensity levels for prolonged periods. The indicators of physical fitness were above average. However, players’ fitness to complete the movement set needs to be improved. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

EFEITOS DA GINÁSTICA SOBRE A FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA E O FÍSICO DOS ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS MASCULINOS

ABSTRACT Introduction People’s living standards have gradually improved with rapid economic development, and physical exercise has become a viable alternative for people to relax and improve their quality of life. Among the forms of physical exercise, the most traditional and simplest is aerobics, despite few current studies on the physiological evidence of its adherence. Objective Evaluate the effects of aerobic gymnastics on heart rate and physique of college students. Methods 10 male college students volunteered for an experiment involving a specific aerobic gymnastics protocol over six weeks. To explore the effects of aerobic exercise on heart rate variability and physique of male college students, vital and anthropometric data were collected before and after the intervention for a statistical comparison and scientific discussion according to current literature. Results There were significant differences in heart rate variability indexes SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HF, lf/hf before and after training. Conclusion There were some significant differences in vital capacity, grip strength, flexion of sitting and standing posture after the intervention protocol. It is suggested that aerobic gymnastics training can improve cardiac function and fitness of its practitioners, especially among college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

EFEITO DO TREINO DE GINÁSTICA SOBRE O DESEMPENHO FÍSICO EM DANÇARINOS DE MEIA IDADE E IDOSOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ballroom dancing has become popular as an exercise method that encompasses many benefits in the social aspect. However, some middle-aged and elderly dancers have suffered from injuries and other problems from dancing. The comprehensive understanding of gymnastic training to solve this problem has not yet been raised, without which no adequate means of prevention can be outlined. Objective: Study the effect of balanced aerobic training on the physical fitness of middle-aged and elderly ballroom dance practitioners. Methods: A study was conducted with 50 volunteers practicing ballroom dancing, middle-aged and elderly, divided into experimental and control groups. According to the community square dance protocol, the control group performed the dance for one hour daily. The experimental group also used the same period and technique, introducing balanced aerobic exercises. Fitness and performance data were collected before and after the intervention, analyzed, and presented statistically. Results: In the experimental group, the growth rate of the grip strength index was 28.70%, the lumbar strength index was 32.27%, the time rate in the orthostatic position was 6.28%, and the sitting forward flexion index was 6.69%. Conclusion: Compared to traditional community sports, balanced aerobics inserted into ballroom dance training showed an improvement effect on the physical and sports fitness of middle-aged and elderly women, and may also prevent the adverse effects of aging on activities of daily living, and its implementation is valid. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

The influence of sports gymnastics on the motor skils of male students

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the sports gymnastics program on the motor skills of male students. The research hypothesis is that a 15-week gymnastics training program will have positive influence on the motor skills of male students. The research was conducted on a sample of 54 male students aged 20-22 years ± 6 months. A sample of specific motor tests for sports gymnastics: push-ups, pull-ups, sweeps, long jump, trunk lifting, leg lifting, lunge, squat. Despite the limitations of the study, it can beconcluded that the experimental program of sports gymnastics lasting is an effective method that leads to a statistically significant improvement in motor skills of male students.

PELATIHAN SENAM POCO-POCO OLAHRAGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

Physical education is a goal that is carried out through physical activity that can develop human qualities in achieving goals. Exercise that is carried out regularly will improve physical fitness. Students who have fitness will have endurance and concentration in dealing with an increasing learning load. Exercise can be developed by participating in motion activities, one of which is through sports poco-poco gymnastics. the purpose of poco-poco sports activities is to provide education about poco-poco gymnastics as an effort to improve physical fitness and the cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities of elementary school students. The method of implementing this training uses the demonstration method, while the place for this training is held at the village hall of Watumeeto, Lainea sub-district, Konawe Selatan district, Southeast Sulawesi. The training was attended by elementary school students consisting of two schools, namely SD Negeri 3 Lainea and SD Negeri 4 Lainea with a total of approximately 60 students and two accompanying teachers from each school. The implementation process lasted for 1 (one) day, which was carried out on October 1, 2022. Based on the results of the dedication of the participants who took part in the training, they were very enthusiastic and enthusiastic, students or participants were more familiar with the poco-poco sports gymnastic movements which consisted of athletic movements, football, boxing, badminton , swimming, basketball, martial arts, volleyball and weightlifting. All movements that are performed without tools but packaged in sports poco-poco movements, where this movement begins with poco-poco steps, two steps to the right and two steps to the left, with a count of 8 x 8 repetitions. So that the conclusion of this activity can produce little instructors who can guide poco-poco gymnastics in the school environment and in the community environment and participants hope that there will be more training activities related to other gymnastics training.