Operational Training Research Articles

Real-Time Seamless Multi-Projector Displays on Deformable Surfaces.

Prior works on multi-projector displays have focused primarily on static rigid objects, some focusing on dynamic rigid objects. However, works on projection based displays on deformable dynamic objects have focused only on small scale single projector displays. Tracking a deformable dynamic surface and updating projections precisely in real time on it is a significantly challenging task, even for a single projector system. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end solution for achieving a real-time, seamless display on deformable surfaces using mutliple unsychronized projectors without requiring any prior knowledge of the surface or device parameters. The system first accurately calibrates multiple RGB-D cameras and projectors using the deformable display surface itself, and then using those calibrated devices, tracks the continuous changes in the surface shape. Based on the deformation and projector calibration, the system warps and blends the image content in real-time to create a seamless display on a surface that continuously changes shape. Using multiple projectors and RGB-D cameras, we provide the much desired aspect of scale to the displays on deformable surfaces. Most prior dynamic multi-projector systems assume rigid objects and depend critically on the constancy of surface normals and non-existence of local shape deformations. These assumptions break in deformable surfaces making prior techniques inapplicable. Point-based correspondences become inadequate for calibration, exacerbated with no synchronization between the projectors. A few works address non-rigid objects with several restrictions like targeting semi-deformable surfaces (e.g. human face), or using single coaxial (optically aligned) projector-camera pairs, or temporally synchronized cameras. We break loose from such restrictions and handle multiple projector systems for dynamic deformable fabric-like objects using temporally unsynchronized devices. We devise novel methods using ray and plane-based constraints imposed by the pinhole camera model to address these issues and design new blending methods dependent on 3D distances suitable for deformable surfaces. Finally, unlike all prior work with rigid dynamic surfaces that use a single RGB-D camera, we devise a method that involve all RGB-D cameras for tracking since the surface is not seen completely by a single camera. These methods enable a seamless display at scale in the presence of continuous movements and deformations. This work has tremendous applications on mobile and expeditionary systems where environmentals (e.g. wind, vibrations, suction) cannot be avoided. One can create large displays on tent walls in remote, austere military or emergency operations in minutes to support large scale command and control, mission rehearsal or training operations. It can be used to create displays on mobile and inflatable objects for tradeshows/events and touring edutainment applications.

Effect of soil stiffness on ground vibration amplitude and operational train speed

Using a finite element simulation approach, we studied the influence of ground stiffness on the vibration of a multi-layer ground subjected to high-speed train loading. The study focuses on ground vibration characteristics in cases where the ground contains a soft soil layer with low stiffness, and the effect of increasing ground stiffness on ground vibration amplitude (Umax), critical speed (VTH), and operational speed of the train. The study results show that, in the case of ground with a soft and thick clay layer, owing to its low stiffness, the clay layer mainly influences the dynamic response of the ground. The weaker the clay layer, the lower the VTH and the larger the Umax, thereby limiting the operational speed of the train. When the clay stiffness is increased, the deformation of the clay layer decreases; thus, Umax decreases and VTH increases, thereby increasing the operational speed of the train.

Strengthening event-based surveillance (EBS): a case study from Afghanistan

SummaryThe sustained instability in Afghanistan, along with ongoing disease outbreaks and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, has significantly affected the country.During the COVID-19 pandemic, the country’s detection and response capacities faced challenges. Case identification was done in all health facilities from primary to tertiary levels but neglected cases at the community level, resulting in undetected and uncontrolled transmission from communities. This emphasizes a missed opportunity for early detection that Event-Based Surveillance (EBS) could have facilitated.Therefore, Afghanistan planned to strengthen the EBS component of the national public health surveillance system to enhance the capacity for the rapid detection and response to infectious disease outbreaks, including COVID-19 and other emerging diseases. This effort was undertaken to promptly mitigate the impact of such outbreaks.We conducted a landscape assessment of Afghanistan’s public health surveillance system to identify the best way to enhance EBS, and then we crafted an implementation work plan. The work plan included the following steps: establishing an EBS multisectoral coordination and working group, identifying EBS information sources, prioritizing public health events of importance, defining signals, establishing reporting mechanisms, and developing standard operating procedures and training guides.EBS is currently being piloted in seven provinces in Afghanistan. The lessons learned from the pilot phase will support its overall expansion throughout the country.

Evaluating a method of creating artificial caries in typodont teeth for teaching Class III cavity preparations.

The purpose of the study was to report a step-by-step process of creating artificial caries typodont teeth and to determine the perception and efficacy of their use in preclinical operative training. Artificial caries material comprised of commercially available hide glue and chocolate powder for more realistic coloring was embedded into the distolingual of #9 ModuPRO plastic typodont teeth. First-year dental students having no clinical experience in excavating Class III cavity preparations were divided into two groups. Group BA prepared conventional typodont teeth (CTT) first, then artificial caries typodont teeth. Group AB prepared the ACT first, then CTT. The preps were scored employing a rubric used in the operative dentistry course class. A feedback questionnaire was conducted to rate students' satisfaction regarding the use of ACT and CTT. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the scores between groups ACT-CTT and CTT-ACT and the Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the positive and negative questionnaire responses. The two groups showed no significant difference in grades and no significant changes in their scores regardless of which order they prepped the teeth (P>0.05). The questionnaire heavily favored the use of artificial caries typodont teeth (P<0.05). The artificial caries typodont teeth protocol described in this study was feasible when implemented at the preclinical laboratory instruction level with positive questionnaire feedback from dental students.

Issues and Challenges Encountered by Police Officers in Automated Fingerprint Identification System Operation

Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) play a vital role in modern law enforcement by aiding in the identification and apprehension of criminals through fingerprint analysis. However, despite their significance, challenges in operating AFIS remain the main hindrance to its effective utilization. Thus, this study aims to investigate the issues and challenges faced by police officers in the Philippines with AFIS. Employing a convergent parallel mixed methods research design, quantitative data were collected through a survey questionnaire, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews. The study participants comprised six experienced Filipino police officers purposively chosen for their exposure to AFIS operations. The study uses the mixed method. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U Test were used during quantitative data analysis, while thematic analysis was used in analyzing qualitative data. The study findings revealed that the top challenge faced by police officers in the Philippines is comparing and storing fingerprints in the AFIS database, primarily due to insufficient training and technical support. Themes such as regular training, technical support, and continuous learning emerged to address the challenges related to fingerprint quality, technical issues, storage limitations, and hardware problems. The study also revealed that Filipino police officers encounter moderate challenges when operating AFIS, with variations depending on sex, age, and length of service. In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of continuous training, technical support, and effective communication for successful AFIS operations. Law enforcement agencies are urged to prioritize providing proper training and technical support to ensure accurate and reliable utilization of this technology in policing.

Medical education and artificial intelligence: Question answering for medical questions based on intelligent interaction

SummaryComputer assisted medical diagnosis technology is widely used in the field of medical assistance to assist doctors in making diagnostic decisions. But as the number of patients increases, the diagnostic pressure on doctors gradually increases, and more efficient computer‐aided medical diagnosis technology is needed to improve the accuracy of doctors' diagnosis. Today's computer‐based medically assisted diagnostic technologies suffer from the inability to fully simulate physical attributes and environmental factors, the large computational resources required for high‐precision models, the need for professional training for user operation, and the limited intuition for innovative design. For improving diagnostic efficiency, this study designs a medical Question answering intelligent interaction system in view of artificial intelligence algorithms. The system is constructed with an active interactive intelligent Q&amp;A model consisting of a medical reasoning module and a medical examination recommendation module. Then, it uses local Bayesian network algorithm as the foundation to establish an intelligent strategy optimization network. And it puts forward the answer selection model of medical Question answering in view of hierarchical interaction for natural language processing tasks in the medical context. The performance test results show that when the diagnostic end threshold of the medical reasoning module is 0.8, the shortest diagnostic path is 3.33. When the diagnostic threshold is 0.85, the maximum length of the diagnostic path is 4.66, and the maximum difference between the diagnostic paths is 1.33, which is basically not affected by the diagnostic end threshold. The local Bayesian network algorithm can reduce the impact of noise features and extract more valuable information. The accuracy of the multilevel interactive answer selection model on the Stanford Natural Language Inference dataset without using external resources reached 89.2%. The ablation test results show that the overall accuracy of the model is 89.64%. The visualization results of the attention weight distribution test between interaction layers show that under different levels of interaction, the attention distribution will undergo significant changes.

Resident perspectives on the role of gender in operative experience during general surgery residency training: A mixed-methods study

BackgroundIt remains unclear why female general surgery residents perform fewer cases than male peers. This exploratory study investigated possible contributors to gender-based disparities and solutions for improving equity in operative experience. MethodsSurveys, including Likert scale and free-text questions, were distributed to 21 accredited general surgery residency programs. ResultsThere were 96 respondents, of whom 69% were female. 22% of females personally experienced barriers to operative experience versus 13% of males (p ​= ​0.41), while 52% of female residents believed operative training was affected by gender (p ​= ​0.004). Inductive analysis revealed the most common barrier to operating room participation was floor work/clinical tasks. The most common barrier for female residents was perceived sexism/gender bias, with subthemes of “misidentification,” “feeling unwelcome,” and “poor trust/autonomy.” To improve parity, residents proposed structured program-level review, feedback, and transparent expectations about case assignments. ConclusionFemale general surgery residents believe gender bias impacts training. Further mixed-methods research is crucial to determine the cause of gender-based disparities in operative experience.

Cumulative Blast Impulse Is Predictive for Changes in Chronic Neurobehavioral Symptoms Following Low Level Blast Exposure during Military Training.

Cumulative low-level blast exposure during military training may be a significant occupational hazard, increasing the risk of poor long-term outcomes in brain function. US Public Law 116-92 section717 mandates that US Department of Defense agencies document the blast exposure of each Service member to help inform later disability and health care decisions. However, which empirical measures of training blast exposure, such as the number of incidents, peak overpressure, or impulse, best inform changes in the neurobehavioral symptoms reflecting brain health have not been established. This study was approved by the US Army Special Operations Command, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the VA Puget Sound Health Care System. Using methods easily deployable across different organizational structures, this study sought to identify and measure candidate risk factors related to career occupational blast exposure predictive of changes in neurobehavioral symptom burden. Blast dosimetry-symptom relationships were first evaluated in mice and then tested in a military training environment. In mice, the righting time neurobehavioral response was measured after exposure to a repetitive low-level blast paradigm modeled after Special Operations training. In the military training environment, 23 trainees enrolled in a 6-week explosive breaching training course, 13 instructors, and 10 Service member controls without blast exposure participated in the study (46 total). All participants provided weekly Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) surveys. Peak blast overpressure, impulse, total number of blasts, Time in Low-Level Blast Occupation, and Time in Service were analyzed by Bayesian analysis of regression modeling to determine their probability of influence on the post-training symptoms reported by participants. We tested the hypothesis that cumulative measures of low-level blast exposure were predictive of changes in neurobehavioral symptoms. In mice, repetitive blast resulted in reduced righting times correlated with cumulative blast impulse. In Service members, peak blast overpressure, impulse, total number of blasts, Time in Low-Level Blast Occupation, and Time in Service all showed strong evidence of influence on NSI scores after blast exposure. However, only models including baseline NSI scores and cumulative blast impulse provided significant predictive value following validation. These results indicate that measures of cumulative blast impulse may have utility in predicting changes in NSI scores. Such paired dosimetry-symptom measures are expected to be an important tool in safely guiding Service members' occupational exposure and optimizing force readiness and lethality.

Structured Operations Training and Evaluation: A Case Study

Onboarding for a company with remote, hybrid, and in-office workers can be challenging, especially if the workers are spread across the United States. This case study examines a US-based medical records company. This company met with stakeholders and developed a structured onboarding process which was implemented in December 2021. The case study follows employees who started between January and December 2022, analyzing their improvement in 30-, 60-, and 90-day assessments as well as their retention. While the data do not support a statistically significant increase, this process anecdotally improved the onboarding experience for new employees.

Rapid cycle deliberate practice: application in forceps simulation training for gynecology and obstetrics residents

Background Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice (RCDP) has gained prominence in recent years as an innovative teaching method in simulation-based training for adult and pediatric emergency medical skills. However, its application in the training of forceps delivery skills among obstetrics and gynecology residents remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess the impact of RCDP in this domain. Methods Conducted in March 2021, this randomized controlled study involved 60 second-year obstetrics and gynecology residents undergoing standardized training. Participants were randomly assigned to the RCDP group or the traditional teaching method (TTM) group, each comprising 30 residents. The RCDP group followed the RCDP practice mode, while the TTM group adhered to conventional simulation teaching. Post-training assessment of operational proficiency was conducted immediately and after one year. Independent operational confidence and training satisfaction were evaluated through questionnaire surveys and the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience (SSE) scale. Data analysis utilized SPSS 23.0. Results The RCDP group displayed significantly higher immediate post-training forceps operation scores compared to the TTM group (92.00 [range: 90.00–94.00] vs. 88.00 [range: 86.75–92.00]; z = 3.79; p < .001). However, no significant difference emerged in forceps operation scores after one year (86.00 [range: 85.00–88.00] vs. 85.50 [range: 84.00–88.25]; z = 0.54; p = .59). The RCDP group exhibited notable performance improvement over the TTM group (z = 3.49; p < .001). Independent operation confidence showed no significant discrepancy (p > .05). Importantly, the RCDP group reported higher satisfaction scores, particularly in the Debriefing and Reflection subscale (44.00 [range: 43.00–45.00] vs. 41.00 [range: 41.50–43.00]; z = 5.24; p < .001), contributing to an overall superior SSE score (z = 4.74; p < .001). Conclusions RCDP exhibits immediate efficacy in elevating forceps delivery skills among residents. However, sustained skill enhancement necessitates innovative approaches, while RCDP’s value lies in tailored feedback and reflection for enriched medical education.

Exploring and prioritising strategies for improving uptake of postnatal care services in Thyolo, Malawi: A qualitative study.

Although postnatal care services form a critical component of the cascade of care in maternal, newborn, and child health the uptake of these services has remained low worldwide. This study explored and prioritised the strategies for optimising the uptake of postnatal care (PNC) services in Malawi. A qualitative descriptive study followed by nominal group techniques was conducted at three health facilities in Malawi from July to December 2020 and in October 2021. We conducted focus group discussions among postnatal mothers, fathers, healthcare workers, elderly women, and grandmothers. We conducted in-depth interviews with midwives and key health managers. Nominal group techniques were used to prioritise the main strategies for the provision of PNC. The demand strategies include appointment date reminders, provision of free health passport books, community awareness campaigns, and involvement of men in the services. The supply strategies included training health providers, improving clinic operations: task-shifting and hours of operation, having infrastructure for the services, and linkage to other services. Having services delivered near end-user residences was a crosscutting strategy. Refresher training and improvement in the clinic operations especially on hours of operation, appointment date reminders, and linkage to care were the prioritised strategies. There is a need to use acceptable and contextualised strategies to optimise the uptake and delivery of postnatal care services. Educating the healthcare workers and the community on postnatal services is key to increasing the demand and supply of the services.

Designing an operational research TB training program in Zambia

&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;/title&gt;The USAID-funded Eradicate TB Project (ETB) partnered with the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Program (NTLP) to establish an operational research (OR) training program in order to generate local evidence to enhance TB care in Zambia.&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;METHOD&lt;/title&gt;Between 2017 and 2021, healthcare workers (HCWs) from district teams underwent two 10-day intensive training sessions. The program evolved to include a competitive application process and an additional primer workshop on developing feasible research questions.&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;RESULTS&lt;/title&gt;Of the 36 enrollees in the OR training program, 26 (72.2%) completed it, leading to nine OR studies that informed interventions for TB care improvement. Notable achievements include reduced TB mortality, increased pediatric notifications, and enhanced sputum courier systems, with all studies disseminated at national and international conferences, four submitted to peer-reviewed journals, of which three were published. Two studies were replicated by the NTLP at provincial and national levels.&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;CONCLUSIONS&lt;/title&gt;Integrating OR training into TB initiatives is feasible and beneficial. The program's phased execution and adaptive strategies provide valuable insights for similar settings, although challenges in sustainability of mentorship and funding persist. This success underscores the importance of continuous OR capacity strengthening among HCWs in Zambia.&lt;/sec&gt;

Method of Reducing Energy Consumption during Forklift Operator Training in Cargo Terminals Utilizing Virtual Reality

In the era of shrinking resources of traditional fossil fuels and the increasingly dominant sustainable development policy, actions are taken to reduce energy consumption as much as possible, assuming that we achieve identical operational goals. These activities are apparent in the industries with the most significant energy demand, i.e., the aviation industry. To achieve this, these industries implement modern technologies in all possible areas of operation. One of these areas is the area of operator training, especially the most energy-consuming devices and types of equipment. This article investigated the potential of virtual reality (VR) technology for energy optimization of forklift operating training in airport cargo terminals. The authors propose a method whose practical implementation in one of the cargo terminals reduced energy consumption by several times while training forklift operators. The added value is that the method is universal and, after appropriate modification, can be used to train operators of other devices. The study compared traditional training methods with a VR-based training approach, assessing their impact on energy consumption and overall efficiency of forklift operations in airport cargo terminals. The results prove that VR technology training can significantly reduce energy consumption while improving operational efficiency and can offer a sustainable and effective training solution for the entire logistics sector.

경기도 고교학점제 사례연구

This research aims to examine the case of Galmae High School, a research school for the high school credit system in Gyeonggi Province, to analyze its plans and achievements of implementing the high school credit system introduced by the Ministry of Education. Literature analysis of various policy documents and reports, case reports, and operational plans and reports was conducted to comparatively analyze the directionality and plans of the Ministry of Education and Galmae High School's high school credit system, and to explore the current status and performance of Galmae High School's high school credit system. Results were as follows: Galmae High School's implementation plan in 2022 was in line with those proposed by the Ministry of Education. In addition, the report on the results of their high school credit system operation in 2022 showed that overall, Galmae High School supported students' career exploration and curriculum design, motivated students to learn, and provided a foundation for students to develop knowledge and competencies for career exploration and elective courses. On the other hand, the contents regarding the high school credit system curriculum revision, the details of various course offerings, and the contents related to training for effective operation of the high school credit system and a teacher capacity development system were found to be lacking. Based on the findings of this study, implications are presented for the operational planning and performance reporting of the high school credit system in the study schools.

Image-based vegetation analysis of desertified area by using a combination of ImageJ and Photoshop software.

Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is a crucial indicator to estimate degradation and desertification for grasslands. However, traditional small-scale FVC analysis methods, such as visual estimation and point-sampling, are cumbersome and imprecise. Innovative methods like image-based FVC analysis methods, while accurate, face challenges such as complex analytical procedures and the necessary training for operations. Therefore, in this study, a combined application of ImageJ and Photoshop was employed to achieve a more effective analysis of FVC values in desertification areas. Our results showed that the FVC results obtained by combination of Photoshop and ImageJ were dependable and precise (R2 > 0.98), demonstrating equivalency to results obtained through either visual estimation or Photoshop-based methods. Furthermore, even in the face of background interference and varied shooting angles, the combination of ImageJ and Photoshop software was still able to maintain a low error rate when analyzing FVC values (average error rate = - 2.6%). In conclusion, the imaged-based combined FVC analysis method employed in our research was an effective, precise, and efficient technique for analyzing small-scale FVC, promising substantial improvement over conventional methods.

Cyber5Gym: An Integrated Framework for 5G Cybersecurity Training

The rapid evolution of 5G technology, while offering substantial benefits, concurrently presents complex cybersecurity challenges. Current cybersecurity systems often fall short in addressing challenges such as the lack of realism of the 5G network, the limited scope of attack scenarios, the absence of countermeasures, the lack of reproducible, and open-sourced cybersecurity training environments. Addressing these challenges necessitates innovative cybersecurity training systems, referred to as “cyber ranges”. In response to filling these gaps, we propose the Cyber5Gym, an integrated cyber range that enhances the automation of virtualized cybersecurity training in 5G networks with cloud-based deployment. Our framework leverages open-source tools (i) Open5GS and UERANSIM for realistic emulation of 5G networks, (ii) Docker for efficient virtualization of the training infrastructure, (iii) 5Greply for emulating attack scenarios, and (iv) Shell scripts for automating complex training operations. This integration facilitates a dynamic learning environment where cybersecurity professionals can engage in real-time attack and countermeasure exercises, thus significantly improving their readiness against 5G-specific cyber threats. We evaluated it by deploying our framework on Naver Cloud with 20 trainees, each accessing an emulated 5G network and managing 100 user equipments (UEs), emulating three distinct attack scenarios (SMC-Reply, DoS, and DDoS attacks), and exercising countermeasures, to demonstrate the cybersecurity training. We assessed the effectiveness of our framework through specific metrics such as successfully establishing the 5G network for all trainees, accurate execution of attack scenarios, and their countermeasure implementation via centralized control of the master using automated shell scripts. The open-source foundation of our framework ensures replicability and adaptability, addressing a critical gap in current cybersecurity training methodologies and contributing significantly to the resilience and security of 5G infrastructures.

Impact of the endovascular revolution on vascular training through analysis of national data case reports

BackgroundIn the last couple of decades, there has been a shift in use of endovascular procedures in vascular surgery. We aim to examine the impact of this endovascular shift on vascular trainees, determine whether the surgical experiences of trainees in the integrated residency and fellowship program changed over time, and identify differences between the two training paradigms. MethodsData were extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education National Data Case Logs for the vascular surgery fellowship (1999-2021) and integrated residency (2012-2021) programs. Every procedure was categorized as open or endovascular, then designated into the following subcategories: thoracic aneurysm repairs, cerebrovascular, abdominal aneurysm repairs, venous, vascular access, peripheral arterial disease, visceral, or miscellaneous. We compared the prevalence of open and endovascular cases in the fellowship and integrated residency using data from overlapping years (2012-2021). In addition, we compared the mean number of cases per trainee per year within designated time intervals. The vascular surgery fellowship was grouped into three intervals: 1999 to 2006, 2006 to 2013, and 2013 to 2021; the integrated vascular surgery residency was grouped into two intervals: 2012 to 2017 and 2017 to 2021. Data were standardized to represent the average number of cases per trainee per year. ResultsWithin the fellowship, we found a 362.37% increase in endovascular procedures (mean, 56.80 ± 32.57 vs 262.63 ± 9.91; P < .001), although there was only a 32.47% increase in open procedures (220.19 ± 4.55 vs 291.68 ± 8.20) between the first and last time intervals. There was a decrease in abdominal aneurysm repair (24.46 ± 7.30 vs 13.85 ± 0.58; P < .001) and visceral (6.41 ± 0.44 vs 5.80 ± 0.42; P = .039) open procedures. For the integrated residency, there was an increase in open procedures by 8.52% (352.18 ± 8.23 vs 382.20 ± 5.84; P < .001). Residents had greater total, open, and endovascular procedures per year than fellows (all P < .001). Chief residents had approximately one-half as many cases as vascular fellows per year. Fellows performed more open abdominal aneurysm repair (14.04 ± 0.80 vs 12.40 ± 1.32; P = .007) and visceral (5.83 ± 0.41 vs 4.88 ± 0.46; P > .001) procedures than residents. Overall, 52% to 53% of cases performed by trainees per year were open procedures in both the fellowship and integrated residency (288.56 ± 12.10 vs 261.27 ± 10.13, 365.52 ± 17.23 vs 319.58 ± 6.62; both P < .001). Within the subcategories, only cerebrovascular, vascular access, and miscellaneous had more open procedures performed per trainee. ConclusionsVascular surgery training has incorporated new endovascular techniques and technologies while maintaining operative training in open procedures. Despite changes in vascular surgery training, trainees are still performing more open procedures than endovascular procedures per year. However, there are evolving deficits in specific types of procedures.

Penerapan Pompa Air Tenaga Surya Untuk Sarana Irigasi dan Edukasi Desa Wisata Widarapayung Wetan Cilacap

Widarapayung Wetan Village was designated as an innovation village by the Cilacap Regency Innovation Village Determination which is located in Binangun District, Cilacap Regency. The main potential of Widarapayung Wetan Village is in the tourism sector, such as Widarapayung Beach and the pioneering tourist village. The facilities that have been built and already exist in this pilot tourism village are an art performance stage, pavilion, gazebo, gamelan instruments, plantation land, and rice fields. One of the pioneering developments of tourist villages is the development of educational tourism. This community service activity applies appropriate technology by developing water pump technology for irrigating rice fields using solar energy. Apart from irrigating rice fields, this solar-powered water pump technology is also used for educational tourism at the Widarapayung Wetan tourism village pilot, especially in the field of utilizing new and renewable energy. The stages of work carried out included surveying the installation site, designing and manufacturing a solar water pump system, system installation at the installation site, operational trials of pumps, and operational training and pump maintenance. The result of this activity is a solar water pump system for irrigating rice fields with a capacity of 30 liters/minute.

Narrative review in learning curve and pediatric robotic training program.

Studying learning curve (LC) for robotic procedures and developing an adequate training program are two fundamental steps to standardize robotic procedures. With this aim, we analyzed the literature to study the LCs of different robotic procedures and the availability of standardized training problems. The PubMed database was searched in the period from January 1995 to September 2022. Articles presenting LC and potential training programs in the pediatric population were chosen. Twenty papers were screened describing LC of robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (n=12), fundoplication (n=4), cholecystectomy (n=2), choledochal cyst resection (n=1), nephrectomy/partial nephrectomy (n=1) and lingual tonsillectomy (n=1), with a total of 1,251 procedures. In 10 studies there was only one single surgeon; nine had more than one; one did not specify how many surgeons participated. Twelve papers were retrospective single-center, three multicentric retrospective, four prospective and one was compared a retrospective case series to a prospective cohort. Most of these studies focused on operative time as the primary outcome. It was analyzed as the only outcome in three articles, along with complications in 14, time to discharge in eight, blood loss in three and pain killer use in three. The selected studies analyzed LC impacting operative planning (n=20), training (n=10) and costs (n=2). There is still a long way to go to complete a standardized functional training for robotic surgery procedures in pediatric surgery. Moreover, the progressive reduction in costs expected in the years to come will play a key role in progressing the diffusion of this technology enabling the collection of data necessary to create a standardized pediatric surgery robotic training program.

Using interactive learning methods during practical exercises on fire training

This article examines the use of interactive learning methods during practical exercises on fire training. The author considered the effectiveness and practical advantages of using modern technologies and interactive approaches to improve the educational process in the law enforcement context. The article analyzes the results of research and provides examples of successful implementation of interactive training methods during fire training, which contributes to improving the skills and knowledge of future law enforcement officers.&#x0D; The article also discusses various tools and technologies that can be used for interactive fire training, such as virtual reality, range simulators, and skill monitoring systems. The importance of involving the military in active participation in the training process, as well as the interaction between instructors and law enforcement officers during training, is highlighted. Practical recommendations for the implementation of interactive training methods in the context of fire training to achieve a higher level of training and effectiveness of military operations are described.&#x0D; Interactive learning approaches such as simulations, games, virtual reality, practical exercises and competitions are analyzed, particularly their advantages in promoting firearms proficiency and knowledge. The study describes the interaction of participants during interactive classes, emphasizing the role of cooperation and interaction in the learning process. The impact of these methods on improving the understanding of the material and ensuring effective learning is also considered. The results of the study provide an important contribution to the understanding and use of interactive training methods in the field of fire training, emphasizing their importance for increasing the effectiveness and interest in training, as well as improving proficiency in this area.&#x0D; These interactive methods help increase the effectiveness of training and the practical application of fire training skills, ensuring better learning of the material and preparation for real situations.