Training Aid Research Articles

Auditory Training and Hearing Aid Satisfaction

Auditory Training and Hearing Aid Satisfaction

Reference tool kinematics-kinetics and tissue surface strain data during fundamental surgical acts

Haptic based surgical simulations are popular training aids in medicine. Previously, surgical tool loads and motion were measured during cutting and needle insertion on non-human tissue and several haptic based simulations were developed to enhance surgical training. However, there was a lack of realistic foundational data regarding the mechanical responses of human tissue and tools during fundamental acts of surgery, i.e., cutting, suturing, retracting, pinching and indenting. This study used four recently developed surgical tools in a variety of procedures on a diverse set of cadaver leg specimens from human donors. The kinematics and kinetics of surgical tools were recorded along with topical three-dimensional strain during commonly performed surgical procedures. Full motion and load signatures of foundational surgical acts can also be used beyond the development of authentic visual and haptic simulations of surgery, i.e., they provide mechanical specifications for the development of autonomous surgical systems.

Biosecurity Dogs Detect Live Insects after Training with Odor-Proxy Training Aids: Scent Extract and Dead Specimens

Detector dogs could be trained to find invasive insect pests at borders before they establish in new areas. However, without access to the live insects themselves, odor training aids are needed to condition dogs to their scent. This proof-of-concept study assessed 2 potential training aids for insect detection: a scent extract and dead specimens of the target species. Using Musgraveia sulciventris (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) as an experimental model, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to compare the chemical headspaces that make up the odors of live specimens and these 2 training aids. This was then followed by canine scent-detection testing to investigate biosecurity detector dogs' (n = 4) responses to training in an ecologically valid context. Both the scent extract and the dead specimens shared the majority of their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with live insects. Of the dogs trained with scent extract (n = 2), both were able to detect the live insects accurately, and of those trained with dead specimens (n = 2), one detected the live insects accurately. These findings lend support for these training aids as odor-proxies for live insects-particularly scent extract, which is a relatively novel product with the potential for broad application to facilitate and improve insect-detection training.

Screenwriters’ Collectives or the “Making Of” a Profession

Amid the resurgence of some television formats, writers of TV series form a professional group that has gained exposure but is still looking for recognition in France. This paper examines how ‘collectives,’—informal groups of professional screenwriters—contribute to redefining their members’ practices, identities, and professional relationships. Findings are drawn from an ongoing qualitative study based on interviews with writers involved in these collectives (N=22). We show that the collegial functioning and management of these groups is instrumental in turning them into socially homogeneous venues for discussion and training aids. Collectives help bring together writers and stabilize their professional identity by focusing their collective reflection on their writing skills and ways to combat the individualistic rationales currently prevailing in creative work. Ultimately, collectives support their members in their quest for recognition in the profession and autonomy within the television industry through their labelling effect and contribution to the reversal of power relations with producers and directors.

Підходи до класифікації наочних засобів у підготовці фахівців з технологій медичної діагностики та лікування

Підходи до класифікації наочних засобів у підготовці фахівців з технологій медичної діагностики та лікування

Self-reported training needs among physicians in a tertiary institution, Southwest, Nigeria: An application of hennessy-hicks training needs assessment tool

Background: To keep pace with existing as well as emerging public and population health challenges, continuing in-service professional development (CPD) of physicians is paramount. This study assessed the training needs of physicians in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, South-West, Nigeria. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Three hundred and fifty-five physicians were randomly selected. Data were collected with the aid of the Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Assessment tool. The instrument has five broad sub-sections: Research/audit, communication/teamwork, clinical tasks, administration, and management/supervisory tasks. In all, these subsections are made up of 30 items with their roles/tasks and were used to assess the training needs of individual study respondents. Charts and proportions were utilized to present the CPD training needs reported by physicians. Mann–Whitney U test was used to examine the difference in training needs between consultants and resident doctors. Results: A larger proportion of the study respondents were middle-aged adults. Respondents' ages were fairly distributed across the varying age brackets. Respondents within the age bracket 35–39 were the highest (30.36%), followed by those within ages 30–34 years (24.09%). With regard to training needs and capacity development, research/audit skills had the highest need (0.83). Furthermore, training that enhances managerial/supervisory skills had a rating of 0.68. Clinical tasks and administration tasks have the same rating (0.63), whereas communication/teamwork had the lowest rating. Consultants expressed higher training needs compared with resident doctors across all task domains. Conclusion: Quest for skills in research had the topmost priority among physicians, and thus, majority were likely to be receptive to training and acquisition of new skills. Future CPD training should reflect the critical needs for performance improvement, as indicated in this study.

Using interactive training aids foreign languages at university

Using interactive training aids foreign languages at university

Transitioning Cognitive Aids for Training to Tools for Rescue in Clinical Practice

Transitioning Cognitive Aids for Training to Tools for Rescue in Clinical Practice

Stylized Female Images in Stained-Glass Artwork, Panels and Lithography of Art Nouveau

The aim of the article is to analyze the use features of the female images in the creative work of stained-glass artwork, panels and lithography in the Modern Age.Research methodology is based on the use of cultural, structural, comparative, and analytical methods in the study of female images. Results. The paper studies the technologies of decorative and applied art, using features of the female images in stained-glass artwork, panels and lithography of Art Nouveau. The author analyzes the concept of “stained-glass artwork”, “panel”, “lithography” in decorative and applied art and considers the history of their introduction in the study. The main tendencies and patterns of representation of female images in these types of art are revealed in the paper.Novelty consists in the implementation of the complex analysis of the features of the female images in decorative and applied art in the Modern Age (in stained-glass artwork, panels and lithography).The practical significance. The material in this article can contribute to the new issues into the history of culture and art. The results of the study can be used in teaching such courses as “History of Modern Culture”, “Decorative and Applied Art”, “Modern Art”, and in the development of training aids on the history and theory of culture, and in training the specialists in history of arts as the practical material.

Epoch Detection Using Hilbert Envelope for Glottal Excitation Enhancement and Maximum-Sum Subarray for Epoch Marking

A technique is presented for detecting glottal excitation epochs in the speech signal, using Hilbert envelope for enhancing the glottal excitation and maximum-sum subarray for marking the epochs. The processing comprises the steps of dynamic range compression, Hilbert envelope calculation, saliency enhancing, and epoch marking. The dynamic range compression reduces the amplitude variation of the signal. The Hilbert envelope enhances the glottal excitation. The saliency enhancing further enhances the instants of significant excitation by reducing the residual ripples related to the vocal tract filter, by using a dynamic peak detector, a nonlinear smoother, and a differentiator. The epoch marking locates the peak of the maximum-sum subarray as the instant of significant glottal excitation. Evaluation of the proposed technique showed its performance measures to be similar to those of the state-of-the-art techniques for normal speech, telephone-quality speech, and highpass filtered speech and better than or similar to them for pathological speech. The averaged accuracy-weighted identification rates with the proposed technique for normal speech, telephone-quality speech, and pathological speech were 79.46%, 77.04%, and 71.52%, respectively. The proposed technique employs single-pass processing and may find applications in speech training aids, diagnosis of speech disorders, and voice conversion of speech with voice disorders.

Abstract 190: Does Gender Matter? Addressing the Question of Gender Superiority in Resuscitation Leadership

Introduction: Effective team leadership is linked to better patient care during resuscitations. Several studies suggest a relationship between team leader gender and the quality of resuscitation leadership and clinical care. However, these studies have been either (1) retrospective investigations that do not capture clinical care processes or (2) simulation-based research involving novice medical student subjects. The objective of this study is to compare the quality of team leadership and clinical care between male- and female-led trauma resuscitation teams. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that team leader gender is not associated with differences in trauma team leadership and clinical care Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of prospectively acquired data by analyzing video recordings of trauma resuscitations at a Level 1 trauma center. Subjects (n=60) included 2 nd and 3 rd year emergency medicine and surgery residents functioning in the team leader role. Two video recorded observations for each participant (n=120) were coded for team leadership and clinical care by two sets of raters balanced with regard to gender and blinded to study hypothesis. Duplicate coding was performed on 10% of the observations. We analyzed data using random coefficient modeling (RCM), controlling for patient injury severity score and subject postgraduate training year. Results: We found no significant difference between men and women on team leadership behavior (p=.43; Men: M=7.63, SE = 0.54; Women: M = 8.67, SE = 0.74) nor on clinical care (p=.39; Men: M = 62.32, SE = 1.50; Women: M = 64.87, SE = 2.57). Effect sizes were modest in favor of women and nonsignificant for both team leadership behavior ( d = .26) and clinical care ( d =.21). Conclusion: Our prospective evaluation of team leadership quality and clinical care during trauma resuscitations does not support a male performance advantage, contradicting previous simulation-based work. Focusing on effective team leadership behaviors, not inherent traits and leadership styles, will allow resuscitation leaders to optimize their individual and team performance, irrespective of gender. Further work is needed to develop training and cognitive aids capable of supporting team leadership during complex resuscitative care.

TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA PENERAPAN HYDROCOOLING DAN PENYIMPANAN DINGIN UNTUK MEMPERPANJANG UMUR SIMPAN BUAH DAN SAYUR YANG TERKENA ERUPSI GUNUNG SINABUNG

The effect of Mt. Sinabung eruption has profoundly affected the quality of fruit and vegetable production, in this context is fruit and vegetables. Fruit and vegetable, carrot, strawberry and pakcoy is kind of fruit and vegetable that is consumed by the community especially the communities surrounding both the mountain ranges and the general medan area. The fruit and vegetable are kinds of climateric and the lifespan must be kept. During the transportation of field to market, there wa both mechanical and physical damage.The damage will obviously harm farmers, merchants, and other marketers. So that hydrocooling is applied as a post harvest treatment. Hydrocooling is done right after the harvest, This prosess extracts heat from fruit and vegetables so that respiration and transpiration can continue for a long time.The lack of farmer understanding for post harvest handling is a major problem. Therefore, farmers in aberastagi will be given education and training about post harvest handling (hydrocooling) so they could understand and self applying that will keep their produce fresh. As for the output of this activity is a simple hydrocooling device designed as a visual aid in training. This hydrocooling equipment can also be a reference to training science for schoolchildren in particular agriculture schools and could be a referenceto researchers and developing them.

The Cognitive Process of Wildland Fire Chainsaw Troubleshooting: Structure, Content, and Training

Wildland firefighting often involves the creation of a fireline (a break in vegetative fuels), an operation commonly hindered by the break-down of gas-powered chainsaws. Some firefighters may not possess the knowledge and skills needed to address break-downs quickly, which threatens productivity and safety. The Applied Cognitive Task Analysis method was used to examine the troubleshooting process of an expert wildland fire sawyer. This included elicitations of key steps in this process, specific pieces of valuable knowledge, and sources of expertise. These results show that much of the expert understanding of complex faults was developed on-the-job rather than during a formal training program. This study highlights areas where training and job aids may be improved to support wildland firefighters in chainsaw troubleshooting and provides preliminary support of ACTA as a tool for training specialists in this domain.

Towards Protecting Critical National Assets and Preparedness for Response to Hazardous Chemical, Biological and Radiological Attacks

Hazardous chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) materials are catching attention of unscrupulous actors for creating terror and havoc. Threat perception for use of such materials by terrorists and non-state actors for malicious purposes, is not imaginative but real and imminent in today’s context. World has witnessed a number of such incidences in the recent years, e.g., Mustard gas attack against Kurdish forces in Iraq; ricin laced letters sent to US President and others senators; use of Nerve gas agents in Syria; capturing of Uranium from University of al- Mousal, Iraq by IS, etc. National assets like critical buildings where main legislative, historical building, Hospitals are some of the likely targets for CBR attacks attract quick coverage by media. Authorities related with managing and safeguarding mechanisms of the facilities to prevent such events happening also to enhance their capabilities as well as effective response. Essential CBR security should include measures to rapidly detect and effectively deter the CBR incidences their deleterious consequences. In this review, protection of the critical facilities from CBR attacks and capacity in terms of infrastructure, specialised training and mutual aid have been discussed.

Three-Dimensional Flight Simulator Takeoff Movement on Boeing 737-300 Aircraft

The simulator is a form of imitation of conditions describing a behavior in conformity with the reality in which there is an interaction between the user and the simulation. Simulators are very useful for simulating events that can help the teaching and learning system. The result of this final project is a 3D take off simulator on a desktop-based Boeing 737-300 that serves as a training aid and contains an explanation of Boeing 737-300 take off information. This simulator provides ideal data in the form of weight, take off speed, flap settings and distance data to understand the aircraft performing the V1, VR and V2 processes. The research methods carried out include modeling a Boeing 737-300 aircraft using blueprint, asset modeling, and texturing using Blender 3D software then proceed with the design of simulations using Unity software. Simulation tests include black box testing. The results of the black box testing indicate that all functions of the simulator run according to the Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10 operating system with a 64-bit system. Flight simulator is functioning properly and can show information on the movements and conditions od the aircraft in taking flight in the takeoff phase with weight conditions, the speed at which the aircraft drove on the runway, wind pressure conditions on the runway and flaps that will be arranged in this flight simulator.

The importance of life basic support training and first aid in the school setting: Knowledge building in the scope of university community outreach

The aim of this study was to develop an educational process on First Aid (FA) and Basic Life Support (BLS) in the initial care of emergency and emergency victims in the school setting, in order to compare the previous knowledge acquired by educational actions in health carried out by students of the undergraduate program of nursing (UFMT/Sinop). A longitudinal, prospective, quantitative approach involved the training of 27 teachers from a municipal school, who answered a questionnaire before and after each training. It was demonstrated that the training promoted a significant increase in the hit rates after the training, in relation to the previous knowledge, on BLS and FA. The educational actions have achieved an excellent use, which gives the University and the academics, in the scope of extension, a very important role in the transformation of lay citizens into potential rescuers capable of providing immediate and quality assistance to the victim in urgent situations and emergency situations, both in school settings and in other out-of-hospital environments.

How dogs learn to detect colon cancer—Optimizing the use of training aids

The use of dogs in the detection of cancer is booming. Many dedicated dog trainers have begun to pursue this field, helped by doctors that provide them with samples. Unfortunately, samples are usually from a very limited number of patients, and matched controls are usually lacking. Testing is not always as rigorous as it should be. In this study, training and testing has been integrated to optimally use a limited number of samples. Two groups of dogs (5 and 3) have been trained at the Royal Dutch Guide Dog Foundation (KNGF Geleidehonden) using stool samples in a carousel setup. By routinely testing samples from new patients and controls before including them in the training odor set, valuable information on how the dogs learn has been gathered, especially that pertaining to how they generalize and develop an odor concept. Using such a strategy provides insight into conditions that need to be monitored for the training of dogs to become successful as a diagnostic tool.

Evaluating the Usability and Acceptability of the HARP Mobile App

Background Studies show that good communication between doctors and patients and among all caregivers who interface with patients directly results in better clinical outcomes, reduced costs, greater patient satisfaction, and lower rates of physician burnout. The main purpose of this pilot study was to test the acceptability and usability of a mobile phone app (HARP), an app designed to improve communication and data collection among nonclinical care givers such as home health aides and case managers of patients who receive care at home. The home health aides collected information on patient’s mood, energy, medication adherence, potential falls and appetite level for the day. This information is summarized in postvisit, weekly and final discharge summary reports via an online dashboard and sent to the patient’s case manager at different time points. We assessed the usability and acceptability of the HARP mobile app. Objective This is a quality improvement pilot project geared towards assessing the usability and acceptability of a mobile app developed to facilitate patient data collection by trained home health aides who work together on a regular basis to provide home-based care to discrete subpopulations of patients. Methods Four home health aides were recruited from Partners Healthcare at Home to use the app to collect data on at least 12 patients. Eligible patients received care from 1 of the 4 home health aides for at least 23 days and scheduled to have at least 5 home visits during this time. Each of the patients were followed for a minimum of 23 days and a maximum 60 days in which home health aides collected patient data using the app. Postvisit reports, weekly reports and discharge summary reports were shared with the patient’s case managers. Data collection included acceptability and satisfaction data from all home health aides and case managers via surveys. A subgroup of 2 case managers and 2 home health aides participated in semistructured interviews. Results 9 have completed the project to date, 5 patients dropped out due to discharge from Partners Healthcare at Home care. The interim data included is from 8 case managers and 4 home health aides who provide care to one or more of the 9 patients who completed the project. Most case managers (75%) found postvisit and weekly reports useful and 87% found tracking mood and energy helpful. About 75% felt tracking appetite and falls via the HARP app helpful. Almost all case managers (87%), agreed that integrating a tool like the HARP app to the EMR would help them provide better care to their patients. Three out of four home health aides (75%) felt that the app easy to use or learn about once they received instructions and were willing to consider using the app in their workflow. Conclusions Acceptability and usability of HARP app was considerably high among case managers. The acceptability of the app varied among home health aides, some found information useful and believed the app has potential to help personalize patient care. Future research would require exploring other patient information that is useful to all staff involved in the clinical workflow and increase adoption of tool in clinical settings. Such tools could potentially reduce clinician burnout and improve patient outcomes.

Методи та засоби підготовки в спортивному туризмі

Актуальність теми дослідження. У статті здійснено аналіз та узагальнення науково-методичної літератури; зроблено теоретичний аналіз й узагальнення нормативних документів; висвітлено методичні положення та засоби тренувань у спортивному туризмі. Мета й методи дослідження. Мета нашого дослідження - охарактеризувати методи та засоби підготовки спортсменів у спортивному туризмі. Результати роботи. Важливого значення набуває індивідуалізація процесу підготовки відповідно фізичним і психічним особливостям туриста. Збільшення функціональних можливостей організму здійснюється при застосуванні великих тренувальних навантажень, за величиною яких має бути встановлено постійний педагогічний і лікарський контроль. Збільшується практичний досвід участі в походах більш високого ступеня складності, набуття технічних прийомів із техніки туризму (пересування, подолання перешкод, страхування, бівачних робіт, орієнтування, тощо). Особливої уваги набувають вміння адаптуватися до складних, екстремальних умов, а також формування психічної стійкості туриста. Методика підготовки характеризується широкою варіативністю величини й характеру навантажень; чергування навантаження з інтервалами відпочинку, а також складності маршруту, умов його проходження. Важливо встановити контроль динаміки антропометричних показників, фізичних якостей, технічної підготовленості, психологічної стійкості. У туризмі, як і в інших видах спорту, до головних засобів підготовки відносять загальнопідготовчі вправи, спеціальнопідготовчі та змагальні. До групи загальнопідготовчих вправ належать вправи, які збігаються як з особливостями обраного виду спорту, так і з вправами з інших видів спорту. Вправи спеціальнопідготовчі загалом збігаються за напрямом з обраним видом спорту. Змагальні вправи є основою для створення умов, які моделюють особливості обраного виду спорту. У систему спортивної підготовки, крім основних засобів, також входять специфічні: загальнопедагогічні засоби та методи, засоби посилення тренувальних впливів і прискорення відновлення працездатності, а також система змагань із різних видів туризму.

Can multisensory training aid visual learning? A computational investigation.

Although real-world environments are often multisensory, visual scientists typically study visual learning in unisensory environments containing visual signals only. Here, we use deep or artificial neural networks to address the question, Can multisensory training aid visual learning? We examine a network's internal representations of objects based on visual signals in two conditions: (a) when the network is initially trained with both visual and haptic signals, and (b) when it is initially trained with visual signals only. Our results demonstrate that a network trained in a visual-haptic environment (in which visual, but not haptic, signals are orientation-dependent) tends to learn visual representations containing useful abstractions, such as the categorical structure of objects, and also learns representations that are less sensitive to imaging parameters, such as viewpoint or orientation, that are irrelevant for object recognition or classification tasks. We conclude that researchers studying perceptual learning in vision-only contexts may be overestimating the difficulties associated with important perceptual learning problems. Although multisensory perception has its own challenges, perceptual learning can become easier when it is considered in a multisensory setting.