Training Of Students Research Articles

Register competence in academic writing of student teachers specialising in English didactics at the University of Venda

The adept utilisation of appropriate language registers is fundamental for proficient academic writing among students who study English as a secondary language within educational institutions such as schools, colleges, and universities. This investigation stems from a comprehensive study that sought to evaluate the register proficiency of a select group of student teachers who, for various reasons, encountered challenges in employing suitable language registers. The primary objective of this scholarly article is to scrutinise the application of apt academic registers among a specific cohort of third-year English students at a rural university. This cohort comprised 15 trainee educators specialising in English didactics. The research adopted a case study design, focusing on the qualitative method, with data analysis conducted through thematic analysis. The outcomes of this study illuminated that a deficiency in register comprehension and application could impede the academic writing endeavours of the selected third-year teacher training students. However, it also highlighted the potential for improvement, as the students’ compositions demonstrated instances of passive voice, absence of parallel structure, and utilisation of colloquial language, slang, personal pronouns, and phrasal verbs––styles generally deemed unsuitable for academic writing. This study underscores the significance of meticulous attention to register employment to ensure that students have attained mastery over the appropriate writing style and its correct usage in academic contexts. It also suggests that with targeted interventions, such as the integration of an Artificial Intelligence pedagogical approach, these students can improve their register proficiency, providing a clear path for their future academic writing competence.

PKDGAN: Private Knowledge Distillation With Generative Adversarial Networks

The deployment of deep learning applications has to address the increasing privacy concerns when using private and sensitive data for training. A conventional deep learning model is prone to privacy attacks that can recover the sensitive information from either model parameters or accesses to the inference model. Recently, differential privacy (DP) has been proposed to offer provable privacy guarantees by randomizing the training process of neural networks. However, many approaches tend to provide the worst case privacy protection for model publishing, inevitably impairing the accuracy of the trained models. Thus, we present a novel private knowledge transfer strategy, where the private teacher trained on sensitive data is not publicly accessible but the student models can be released with privacy guarantees. In this paper, a three-player (teacher-student-discriminator) learning framework, Private Knowledge Distillation with Generative Adversarial Networks (PKDGAN), is proposed, where the student acquires the distilled knowledge from the teacher and is trained with the discriminator to generate similar outputs as the teacher. Moreover, a cooperative learning strategy is also suggested to support the collective training of multiple students against the discriminator when each student is with insufficient unlabelled training data. To enforce rigorous privacy guarantees, PKDGAN applies a Rényi differential privacy mechanism throughout the training process, and use it with a moment accountant technique to track the privacy cost. PKDGAN allows students to be trained with unlabelled public data and very few epochs, which avoids the exposure of training data while ensuring model performance. In the experiments, PKDGAN is found to have consistently good performance on various datasets (MNIST, SVHN, CIFAR-10, and Market-1501). When compared to prior works [1], [2], PKDGAN exhibits 5-82% accuracy loss improvement without compromising any privacy guarantee.

The virtual modality and its impact on the training of medical sciences students

Introduction: The social restrictions that countries imposed to contain COVID-19 generated challenges in all areas of human development, including higher education. University institutions had to adapt abruptly to the new pedagogical demands, resorting obligatorily to the use of the virtual modality in all their academic offerings. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the virtual modality in the academic and professional training of students of Medical Sciences, in order to identify its advantages, disadvantages and potentialities in the current educational context. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out to analyze virtual health education, using databases such as REDALYC, SCOPUS, DIALNET and SCIELO. Relevant articles were identified and grouped, excluding those that did not focus on virtual education related to health careers. Several search terms were analyzed and multiple articles were obtained in each database. Results: Although there is uncertainty in the formative quality of students of health careers due to the eminently practical condition of the knowledge imparted, it is evident that telematic education has overcome acceptably the obstacles posed from the dogmatic criterion, so it should be recognized for its support to the continuity of teaching and learning processes. Conclusions: The university community is obliged to encourage the development of the virtual modality and its application for the benefit of strengthening the professions related to health.

Facilitating workplace learning in clinical practice, an evaluation among medical specialists

Purpose Training of medical students, interns and residents (junior professionals, JP) happens predominantly through workplace learning. This is supported by medical specialists (MS) and varies by MS, workplace, medical specialty, and social context. This study aimed to gain insights into the facilitation of workplace learning in clinical practice by MS. Method Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with MS at the gynaecology and paediatrics department in an academic and three non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands. Participants were purposively sampled to be involved in the training of JP. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed to describe facilitators and barriers for workplace learning. Results Workplace learning was interpreted as a broad concept, with some MS acknowledging its occurrence beyond created opportunities. Four themes revealed facilitators and barriers related to (1) Connection and alignment, (2) Attitude, (3) Organizational and learning dynamics, and (4) Policy and Logistics. Our research suggests MS’ beliefs and awareness regarding workplace learning guide their ability to recognize and utilize learning moments. Conclusions Our findings underscore the importance of a work environment for MS that is founded on interpersonal relationships, supportive logistics of healthcare institutions and a culture of active involvement within the team, all of which are essential for recognizing and utilizing learning opportunities.

Алгоритмизация курса начертательной геометрии как дидактическая основа обучению информационной технологий

This article discusses the principles of creation and development of new content for the courses "Descriptive geometry" and "Engineering computer graphics" of algorithmic and software solutions for graphic problems used in computer modeling applied to the training of students of pedagogical specialties on the basis of new information technologies. The article also tells about the successful solution of the most common geometric problems by students and their solution in an interactive mode. The reason is that the input of graphic information into the computer is carried out only using algorithms. Also, the algorithmization of graphic constructions should become an integral part of the new technology of teaching at the university in the course of graphic disciplines, which should be didactics-the practical basis for using a computer in the educational process as a means of teaching graphic disciplines.

Enhancing Health, Safety, Security & Environment (HSSE) Training through Virtual Reality: An Offshore Emergency Evacuation Exercise

The offshore oil and gas industry poses unique safety challenges, particularly during emergencies such as fires, where quick and effective evacuation is critical. This paper explores the use of virtual reality (VR) technology in Health, Safety, Security, and Environment (HSSE) training, specifically through a VR exercise developed for the emergency evacuation scenario on an offshore platform at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP). The exercise focuses on training students to safely evacuate the platform during a fire emergency, navigating through realistic escape routes while avoiding hazards. The study evaluates the effectiveness of VR in enhancing students’ situational awareness, response times, and overall preparedness for real-world emergency situations. The results demonstrate that VR-based training significantly improves understanding of evacuation procedures and decision-making under stress, offering a valuable tool for HSE education in high-risk industries.

Challenges Faced by International Students in Adapting to Chinese Universities Life: A Case of Zhejiang Normal University

This research explores the challenges encountered by international students at Zhejiang Normal University, employing a qualitative methodology to gain insights into their adaptation to Chinese universities within the larger framework of global education integration. Through comprehensive interviews, the study highlights crucial challenges such as variations in academic standards, teaching techniques, evaluation methods, and linguistic hurdles. Cultural differences, particularly regarding social interactions and authority deference further obstruct students’ engagement and social assimilation. Environmental factors, such as subtropical weather and the local living environment, also add to the adaptation challenges. Despite these difficulties, international students demonstrate perseverance and adaptability, actively working to enhance their language proficiency and build supportive networks. The research suggests that educational institutions should facilitate tailored academic assistance services, improve cultural sensitivity training for both staff and students, improve accommodation options, and create programs to orient students to the local environment. By promoting intercultural engagement and fostering a more inclusive atmosphere, educational establishments can better assist international students, enriching their academic journeys and cross-cultural encounters while contributing to the ongoing discussion on global education and intercultural comprehension.

Exploring the role of generative AI in higher education: Semi-structured interviews with students with disabilities

AbstractThe release of a free generative artificial intelligence (GAI), ChatGPT, in November 2022 has opened up numerous opportunities for students with disabilities in higher education. While the transformative impact of GAI on teaching and learning in general is being debated intensively, little attention has been given to its potential for fostering or hindering inclusion. In news and blog articles, disability advocates have provided insights into the benefits and uses of GAI. However, a comprehensive understanding from a broader sample remains lacking. In order to address this gap, this study raises the question: “How do students with disabilities use and perceive ChatGPT as a tool in higher education?”. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with students with disabilities to gain insights into their current utilization of GAI, identify limitations and challenges, and explore their expectations. A total of 33 participants took part, including neurodiverse students as well as students with visual impairments, chronic diseases, hearing impairments, and mental health conditions. Results suggest that ChatGPT brings significant opportunities as an assistant in teaching, writing, reading and research, or self-organization. Based on this study, higher education institutions are recommended to consider the opportunities the tool represents for students with disabilities in their AI policies. They also have a responsibility to train and inform students to harness the potential of GAI. Developers are encouraged to address accessibility issues and to include the opinions of individuals with disabilities in their research. More practically, the results of this study can be used to design future applications that bear in mind the expectations and concerns of students with disabilities.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНШОМОВНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ У СТРУКТУРІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ В УМОВАХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ: РЕАЛІЇ СЬОГОДЕННЯ

The paper deals with the descriptions of modern educational paradigms as genesis indicators of innovative changes in higher education, which are determined by integration processes aimed at introducing innovative ideas, models and technologies into the foreign language training of higher education students. Foreign language and foreign language training of higher education students is considered in the context of the competence paradigm. The conceptual foundations of foreign language training and the structure of foreign language competence are highlighted. The purpose of foreign language training of higher education students is defined, which is to form skills of tolerant interaction, communication and life-creation in the youth environment on the basis of foreign language competence. It is proved that theories of communication, multiculturalism and dialogue are used in building the content of foreign language training. The essence of dialogical interaction, which has communicative, interactive and perceptual components, is characterized. Professional dialogue interaction in the multicultural/multicultural environment of the university presupposes a certain level of accumulated professional knowledge, facilitates the implementation of multi-vector tasks facing the future specialist. It is proved that social reflection plays an important role in the foreign language training of higher education students in the structure of professional training in the university environment. It has been found that the implementation of foreign language training for higher education students at a university requires the design of an appropriate creative educational environment, built taking into account the objective laws of the processes of learning a foreign language for the purpose of professional application in the future.

ПРОФЕСІЙНА ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The article examines transformation of social work under conditions of contemporary challenges in Ukraine and changes in training of social workers under these conditions. It was determined that difficult circumstances of wartime affect the course of education process, education format is changing, there is a transition to its distance forms, and there emerges a need to create a safe environment for the subjects of educational services provision. The purpose of the publication is to determine characteristic features of training of future social work specialists under conditions of martial law, to study transformation of social work caused by contemporary challenges. The research methodology is a combination of philosophical ideas about the course of social processes unders conditions of crises and challenges with theories of social work based on the socio-pedagogical paradigm of scientific knowledge. It has been proven that models of social work are flexibly transformed in accordance with contemporary legislation, unification of different regions of the country is being actualized, and the guidelines of social development in the post-war era, in which modern specialists should orient themselves, are gradually being updated. It was substantiated that additional attention must to be paid to changes in the content of social work to overcome stressful situations, develop resilience, form social cohesion of the population. A model of distance training of social workers in the educational online space was proposed, which includes a step-by-step algorithm of actions to ensure inteconnection of learning and extracurricular activities of students, which is an effective means and environment for implementation of educational activities in the process of theoretical and practical training of future social workers. The practical significance of the research lies in creation of a favorable distance educational environment, in which necessary competences of specialists are formed and their social creativity, which contributes to performance of professional activities, develops. Types and forms of educational work, which can be integrated into training and education process of higher education students, are being implemented with transformation according to requirements of specific educational programs and components for training of future social workers. Key words: social workers training, educational and professional program, transformations of social work in Ukraine, distance education, safe environment.

«ЖИВІ МЕЛОДІЇ СЕЛА» У ВОКАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОМУ РЕПЕРТУАРІ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ОСВІТИ ФАКУЛЬТЕТІВ МИСТЕЦТВ

The article analyzes the peculiarities of applying the results of the innovative project of the author of the study – «Living Melodies of the Village» in the vocal training of students of art faculties. The features of the implementation of the «Village Melodies Live» project are described, information about the participants and winners is provided. The article substantiates the importance and effectiveness of the innovative project «Living Melodies of the Village» in the vocal training of students of higher art education, describes recommendations for the use of video materials and sheet music in the process of learning Ukrainian singing and mastering a new vocal-pedagogical repertoire. The content of the song collection, which includes various folk songs of Cherkasy region and photographs of artistic works, is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of using video materials of the project, which allow you to hear and see authentic performers of Ukrainian songs and learn from them specific techniques and means of Ukrainian folk singing. The proposed materials – expedition videos and song’s book of the project - are aimed at the musical, all-round spiritual development of students, their patriotic upbringing and enrichment of worldview, the formation of vocal and pedagogical repertoire and stimulation of scientific research and artistic and educational activities. The article determines that the project «Living Melodies of the Village» affects national self-awareness, identity, helps students to master the culture of Ukrainian singing, to form a worldview and artistic and aesthetic tastes, spiritual values, to develop musical abilities and talents, to enrich knowledge about the traditions of their people. Links to Internet resources with the materials of the «Village Melodies of the Village» project are provided for their practical use in art pedagogy.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ПРАКТИКИ В ЛУЦЬКОМУ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОМУ УЧИЛИЩІ (40-70-ті рр. ХХ ст.)

The article describes the organization and practical training of future teachers at the Lutsk Pedagogical School. In the process of the retrospective analysis of documentary sources (archive materials), the peculiarities of practical training of students in the Lutsk Pedagogical School since the period of post-war reconstruction have been analyzed. The role of pedagogical practice in the educational process was analysed, its organizational principles, content and forms were defined. It was found that despite the unsatisfactory material and living conditions and the acute shortage of teaching staff in the post-war years, practical training was implemented in the pedagogical school as an integral part of the educational process. It was proved that pedagogical practice was the important means of forming the professional qualities for future teacher, approving the role of a teacher. In the process of research, it was determined that the urgent task of reforming Ukrainian education was the constant improvement of practical training of future specialists for the quality training of a modern competitive teacher.

Modern Chinese and European Vocalist Training Methods: An Exploration of the Involvement of Bachelors With the Help of IT’ Sources

ABSTRACTIn this day and age, there is a need to create a modernised educational system, as well as to preserve and popularise the classical traditions of high art. Thus, it is important to study the problem of shaping professional academic singers in Europe and China. The purpose of this study was to explore the methods of developing the vocal apparatus of European and Chinese students in 21st century. This system includes a series of leading components responsible for preserving unique timbres, expanding the capabilities of the voice, and the reflection of Western and Eastern cultures. The following methods were used in the study: questionnaire, analysis, comparison and synthesis. The study involved 100 students from institutions and universities in Ukraine and China. Having studied modern methods of training singers, the authors have established the components of professional vocal education in China and Ukraine, as well as the common student training characteristics. The distinctive properties of the European and Chinese professional vocal schools manifested in national traditions were also determined. The results of the conducted student survey allowed academic vocal teachers to identify progressive vocal training methods commonly used in China and Europe.

Problem Mapping: Implications for Social Work Education and Practice

ABSTRACT Social work education plays a significant role in training students to work for the mission of enhancing human well-being and meeting the needs of the people. However, the complex social problems of the contemporary world and reducing funding to nonprofits are posing challenges, even for trained social work professionals. Realizing the need to adopt innovative, creative, and entrepreneurial ways of problem-solving, social entrepreneurship (SE)/intrapreneurship and social innovation (SI) have widely gained attention within social work education. The contextual and comprehensive understanding of the social problem and identification of the specific problem to solve (opportunity identification) is a prerequisite for practicing SE/SI for social workers. In this context, the present conceptual paper introduces the approach of “Problem Mapping” and the “Problem Map” tool by citing the SE cases from India. Lastly, pedagogical changes in the social work curriculum are suggested to incorporate this learning, considering its importance for the social workers.

Distraction or motivation? Unraveling the role of fear of missing out on college students’ learning engagement

BackgroundDespite the recognition of the impact of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) on learning engagement, research conclusions remain inconsistent. This inconsistency may be due to a lack of exploration of the underlying mechanisms and the singularity of research perspectives.MethodsDrawing from motivational dynamics model for learning engagement, this study investigated the relationship between FoMO and learning engagement from both variable-centered and person-centered perspectives, and further explored the mediating role of self-control. A total of 1,510 college students from eastern China were selected via an online platform, including 642 males and 868 females.ResultsThe results from the variable-centered analysis indicated that FoMO had a significant positive direct effect on learning engagement (effect = 0.293, 95% CI = [0.185, 0.401]). FoMO negatively predicted self-control, which in turn had a negative impact on learning engagement (effect = -0.375, 95% CI = [-0.456, -0.295]). This suggests that self-control acts as a masking effect between FoMO and learning engagement. The person-centered results suggest the presence of four latent profiles of FoMO: the low trait-FoMO low state-FoMO group, the high trait-FoMO low state-FoMO group, the low trait-FoMO high state-FoMO group, and the high trait-FoMO high state-FoMO group. Specifically, compared to the low trait-FoMO low state-FoMO group, self-control acts as a masking role between the low trait-FoMO high state-FoMO group, the high trait-FoMO high state-FoMO group and learning engagement.ConclusionsFoMO exhibits a “dual-edged sword effect”. Educators should adopt diverse instructional methods to leverage the positive aspects of FoMO while guiding students in self-control training to mitigate its negative effects to enhance college students’ learning engagement.

Self-Control or Crime Control: Teachers’ Insights on Good Practices in 1:1 Classrooms and Implications for Professional Development

Norway ranks high in digitalization in schools, with over 90% of students in grades 1–10 having their own digital device supplied by their school districts and reporting the highest use of digital tools globally in the latest PISA report. However, research shows that implementation processes and competence measures for teachers’ professional use of digital devices vary considerably between schools. This study aims to inform the development of research-practice partnership (RPP) measures focused on professional digital competence development in digitalizing schools internationally by exploring what teachers consider important for good teaching practices in 1:1 computing classrooms. We draw on both closed and open survey responses from 1505 Norwegian teachers in highly digitalized schools where the most experienced teachers have had 1:1 computing since 2014. The findings show that classroom management is seen as gradually more important with higher digital teaching competence and more experience, but that the teachers’ understandings of what digital competence entails and their use of classroom management strategies are rather limited. The study concludes that professional competence development measures that provide broader understandings of digital competence and classroom management are needed, dependent on competence levels and experience, as well as systematic training of students’ digital self-regulation.

A Simulation for Teaching Set Based Design in Architecture Engineering and Construction

Question: How can a simulation be designed to support teaching and learning of set-based design principles among architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) learners? To what extent can a set-based design (SBD) simulation enhance the understanding of set-based design (SBD) principles in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC)? Purpose: This paper presents a simulation exercise for teaching SBD principles and processes among AEC learners. Research Method: The simulation game is presented through a physical, in-class simulation activity. A pre-and post-test survey is also incorporated into the study to assess its effectiveness among learners. Findings: The paper disseminates a novel physical simulation exercise that can be adopted for teaching set-based design principles among AEC learners. The findings demonstrate that the simulation can enhance learners’ understanding of set-based design concepts, such as mapping the design space, imposing constraints on the design, and performing the set-based design process. Limitations: The study involved two rounds of surveys with 26 student participants from the Architectural Engineering discipline. Including more learners from more diverse disciplines can be further explored and compared to the current findings. Further studies may also include practitioners and trainees within the construction industry. Implications: The simulation can be adopted to train students in a set-based design process to prepare for collaborative project delivery in contexts with the involvement of construction teams early in the design process. Value for practitioners: The paper presents a simulation that can guide practitioners in elaborating the concepts of collaborative design to project AEC teams. Keywords: simulation, games, lean design, point-based design, set-based design Paper type: full paper

Immersive technology and hand hygiene: scoping review

BackgroundThe use of immersive technology in healthcare education is on the rise, yet its impact on learner engagement, knowledge retention, and specifically in areas like hand hygiene training, remains underexplored. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the existing studies of immersive technology in hand hygiene training of healthcare providers and health professions students.MethodsA scoping review following the Levac et al. framework was conducted. The literature search was performed in databases PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Web of Science in addition to Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRIMSA-ScR) guideline was used to report the results. We analysed data using tabular and descriptive summary.ResultsIn the final analysis 11 studies from seven countries were included. Most of the studies (n = 10, 90,91%) used virtual reality in hand hygiene training of healthcare providers and health professions students. Most studies have found that immersive technology is useful in teaching hand hygiene (n = 6, 54,55%). There are some theories and concepts that support the teaching of hand hygiene with immersive technology, but most of the research is not supported by them. Theories or concepts were included in two studies (18,18%).ConclusionImmersive technology, especially virtual reality, enhances hand hygiene learning and engagement compared to traditional methods. However, most studies lack theoretical support. To advance this field, exploring immersive technology for further research and incorporating relevant theories is encouraged. Additionally, conducting a thorough cost-effectiveness analysis and establishing a robust evaluation framework, encompassing both short-term and long-term outcomes, will be beneficial for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of immersive technology in hand hygiene education.

Physiological and hygienic assessment of the organization of specialized training for high school students

Introduction. The educational activities in children and adolescents are associated with significant potential health risks, especially during the preparation period for the unified state exam. In this regard, there is a need to optimize the management of educational activities to reduce the physiological cost of the educational process. The purpose of the study is a physiological and hygienic assessment of the management of specialized training of high school students and its impact on the functional state of their body. Materials and methods. The object of the study was two hundred fifty eight students of the 11th grade of the medical pre-university. A study was conducted on the specifics of the management of pre-university education, as well as a hygienic assessment of the curriculum. To assess the impact of the educational process on the functional state of the body in high school students, an assessment of the method of proof-reading tests was carried out by mental performance. Also there was performed a study of the psycho-emotional state of the body using the Izard method and the functional state of the body using the method for studying well-being, activity, and mood. The obtained results were processed using descriptive statistics methods. Results. The similarity of the management of classes with the university form of education is noted. The evaluation of the schedule showed a decrease in the level of academic load over the course of the academic year, as well as the irrationality of scheduling from the point of view of age physiology. During the academic year, positive trend in indicators of mental performance and functional state of the body in students was noted. A high prevalence of pronounced and severe degrees of anxiety-depressive (33.9%) and adverse (29.0%) emotions among high school students was revealed. The relationship between the severity of adverse and anxiety-depressive emotions and the subjective assessment of the state of the body by students is noted. Limitations. The study was conducted in one educational institution, which is a pre-university medical university, which had an impact on the representativeness of the sample. Conclusion. The conducted research shows the system of management of pre-university education allows students successful and effective engaging in educational activities, which is reflected in the positive trend in indicators characterizing the functional state of the body in high school students. Measures to prevent the prevalence of adverse and anxiety-depressive emotions among students are proposed.

Alternative control and assessment of auditory competence in students of humanities: motivational aspect

Importance. The rapidly changing labor market makes new demands on university graduates, including their ability to perceive and understand foreign language speech for successful interaction in international teams. The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of alternative ways of control and assessment of listening competence of students of humanities and their motivation for advanced study of English.Materials and methods. Such scientific methods as observation, formalized questionnaire survey with open and closed questions, comparative analysis, expert evaluation are used.Results and Discussion. It is proven that updating approaches to control of listening competence not only promotes its development, but also increases students' motivation to listen. Thus, after the experiment, the number of students with a high level of listening competence increased from 5.3 to 16 %, and the number of students with its low level decreased from 73.4 to 25.3 %. A statistically significant increase in the level of motivation to listening among the students who participated in the study was revealed (EG χ̅ = 4.32. Mo = 4, CG χ̅ = 3.17. Mo = 2). (EG χ̅ = 4.32. Mo = 4, CG χ̅ = 3.17. Mo = 2).Conclusion. It is concluded that the principles of monitoring and assessment of auditory competence tested in this experiment are universal. They can be recommended for application in the foreign language training of students of both humanitarian, technical, and natural science majors.