Training Law Enforcement Officers Research Articles

Features of Teaching First Aid Skills to People without Medical Education

A comparative study was conducted on the effectiveness of various methods of training law enforcement officers of the Krasnodar Territory in providing first aid, taking into account the specific conditions of official activity.

Some aspects of tactical medicine in service and combat activities of police officers under the conditions of the legal regime of martial state: problem issues in critical situations and combat conditions

The article highlights the problematic issues of tactical training of law enforcement officers in today’s conditions, considers the actual problems and challenges that law enforcement officers may face during the performance of official duties and the provision of first aid in combat conditions and emergency situations. The issue of the interaction of the National Police of Ukraine with other rescue services at the scene for the effective provision of first aid was considered. It is noted that the interaction of the police and other rescue services at the scene of the event in the conditions of martial law requires a special approach and careful planning. It is necessary to ensure a clear coordination of actions, an appropriate level of protection for the personnel of the rescue services, and to take into account the peculiarities of work in the conditions of hostilities. Effective interaction between different services will minimize the consequences of emergency situations and ensure the safety of the population in the conditions of martial law. The article highlights the algorithm of actions for providing assistance to injured persons by police officers under fire, considers the key issues of training law enforcement officers to provide effective first aid in conditions of martial law or extreme situations in general. The authors of the article emphasize the importance of unified training programs for police officers in tactical medicine, which should include both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Special attention is paid to ensuring a high level of readiness of police officers for quick and effective response to emergency situations and saving lives in the conditions of an aggravated conflict. Service situations in which police officers may find themselves are often accompanied by conflicts and their escalation, up to “fire contact” with the offender. Therefore, for the training of police officers, the section of tactical medicine is the most relevant, which teaches the basic skills of providing self- and mutual aid in combat conditions, which are primarily aimed at eliminating the preventive causes of death, taking into account the threat from combat operations or an active shooter. Unfortunately, there are infamous cases of the death of police officers while performing law enforcement tasks, which indicates the need for mandatory integration of first aid standards into their training and operations in various tactical situations. In addition, it is important to note that training police officers in tactical medicine will not only help them provide effective care to victims, but will also increase their level of safety while performing their duties. Therefore, unified training programs for police officers in tactical medicine should be an integral part of the training of law enforcement officers.

Training Law Enforcement Officers About Autism: Evaluation of Adding Virtual Reality or Simulation to a Traditional Training Approach.

Prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across the globe and lifespan suggest that law enforcement officers (LEOs) are likely to interact with autistic people in their professional duties. In developed countries, LEOs have professional encounters with autistic individuals, and research strongly supports LEOs need training to increase their knowledge about autism and confidence interacting with autistic people. The purpose of the present study is to compare three training approaches with LEOs: (a) a training presentation alone (P), (b) a training presentation combined with virtual reality simulation (P + VR), and (c) a training presentation combined with in-vivo simulation (P + SIM). The primary outcomes are LEO knowledge of autism and self-reported confidence in responding to autism calls. The present study included 259 LEOS who completed a survey assessing autism knowledge and confidence in level of skill before and after participating in ASD-specific training for LEOs. Findings support that participant knowledge of autism and confidence in responding significantly increased for all LEOs equally across training conditions. Results support that formalized training in ASD significantly impacts LEO's knowledge of ASD and confidence responding to calls. As such, standardized training for LEOs is needed to assure appropriate knowledge and confidence when responding to calls involving autistic persons.

Перспективные методы установления личности неизвестного преступника: криминалистический профайлинг

The article discusses the concept of criminalistic profiling, analyzes foreign and domestic experience in the use of psychological profiling, provides examples of the effectiveness of using this method; reveals the methodology for compiling a psychological portrait of an alleged criminal, studies the possibility of training law enforcement officers on the use of criminalistic profiling techniques.

Theoretical Analysis of the Problem of Formation of Professional Readiness of Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to Perform Official Duties

The author considers in detail such aspects in his work, which are devoted to the system of psychological support in the learning process. The study of the influence of the mental health of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation on their work productivity and communication in the service team. The subject of the research in the presented work was the process of professional education and training for law enforcement officers in various conditions. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the formation of professional skills of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The object of the study was the professional skill formed by law enforcement officers in the process of performing official duties. The main conclusions of the study are the assumptions that the readiness of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is often formed under the influence of various factors, circumstances and conditions. As the main ones, the author identified such as the development of professional motivation, psychological readiness to work in conditions associated with increased loads and peculiarities of service, awareness of the value of human and citizen life, the formation of verbal and non-verbal communication culture, the formation of tolerance to stressful situations, the absence of excessive requirements. The work is based on the analysis of fundamental and modern research on this issue, processing and drafting of modern provisions for training law enforcement officers to perform official duties.

«Педагогика и психология в деятельности сотрудников правоохранительных органов: интеграция теории и практики» (Обзор международной научно-практической конференции)

The article gives an overview of the second international scientific and practical conference "Pedagogy and Psychology in the Activities of Law Enforcement Officers: Integration of Theory and Practice" held in October 2023. The conference is aimed at expanding and strengthening scientific international and interdepartmental cooperation, sharing scientific ideas on the development of pedagogy and psychology in the activities of law enforcement officers.
 The conference brought together more than 100 participants from 40 organisations in Russia and abroad, including: representatives of the People's Police Academy of the Ministry of Public Security of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic named after Major-General E. Aliyev, Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Educational Complex of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, the Russian State University of Justice, Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky, Volga State University of Water Transport, Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Practical Psychology "Imaton"; representatives of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rosguard, Investigative Committee of Russia, Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Ministry of Defence of Russia, Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
 At the plenary session of the conference, reports and analytical materials characterising the current state of moral and psychological support of official activities of law enforcement officers of Russia and foreign countries were discussed. The pedagogical studio and master-classes presented positive experience in the implementation of modern psychological and pedagogical practices.
 The conference resulted in the discussion of academic and practical challenges of introducing the theory of legal pedagogy and psychology into practice and strengthening scientific contacts between law enforcement officers and educational organisations of law enforcement institutions, as well as searching for effective pedagogical forms and methods of training law enforcement officers.
 According to the results of the international scientific and practical conference the resolution was formed and accepted.

(Dis)trust in action

Recent public statistics on law enforcement activities show that the Brazilian police are among the nation’s least trusted institutions. The legitimacy of policing derives from a perception of fair and justifiable rules applied fairly to all citizens, but police actions in low-income favela communities in Brazil have been denounced repeatedly for their arbitrary nature, abuse of authority and truculence. Most studies analysing trust in the police have been conducted through surveys. In this paper, however, we examine trust in action, through a video analysis of a stop-and-check operation undertaken by police officers in a low-income favela community in Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of this interaction shows that distrust steered the actions of both sides: the officers’ decision to stop somebody and use force reflects this distrust in people living or moving around in these narrow alleys, while the suspect’s resistance and calls for help demonstrate his fear and distrust of the police. We believe that examining police actions through a micro-analytical lens can contribute to training law enforcement officers, encouraging deeper reflection on factors that undermine trust in this institution.

The model of training law enforcement officers’ readiness for professional self-fulfillment

The aim of the study was to determine an effective model of training law enforcement officers’ readiness for professional self-fulfillment taking into account the level of their professional training and the demands of society. The research involved the methods of questionnaire survey, expert evaluations and interviews with the use of focus groups. The obtained data were analysed using the methods of mathematical statistics. According to the results of the factor analysis, motivation, support, ability to manage time, recognition of success and relaxation have the greatest impact on readiness for self-fulfilment. Stress, insecurity, self-criticism and attitude to risk have a negative impact on readiness for self- fulfilment. The research gave grounds to conclude that readiness for self- fulfilment depends on various factors, such as the level of stress, insecurity, support, self-criticism, motivation, recognition of success, ability to manage time, independence, attitude to risk, and relaxation. Further research can help in understanding more precise mechanisms of influence of various factors on readiness for self-fulfilment and personality development.

Педагогика и психология в деятельности сотрудников правоохранительных органов: интеграция теории и практики (Обзор международной научно-практической конференции)

The article presents an overview of the international scientific and practical conference «Pedagogy and psychology in the activities of law enforcement officers: integration of theory and practice», held in October 2022. The conference is aimed at expanding and strengthening scientific international and interdepartmental cooperation, exchange of scientific opinions on the development of applied pedagogy and psychology in the activities of law enforcement officers. The conference was attended by more than 200 people from 50 organizations of Russia and abroad, among them: representatives of the People’s Police Academy of the Ministry of Public Security of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Police Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the National University of Uzbekistan named after M. Ulugbek, the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A. I. Herzen, the Moscow Pedagogical State University University, St. Petersburg Academy of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education; representatives of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rosgvardiya, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the Ministry of Defense of Russia, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. At the plenary session of the conference, reports and analytical materials were presented that characterize the current state of psychological and pedagogical support for the official activities of law enforcement officers in Russia and foreign countries. The master class presents the positive experience of implementing modern educational technologies in the training system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The conference resulted in a discussion of academic and applied problems of introducing the theory of legal pedagogy and psychology into practice and strengthening scientific ties between law enforcement officers and educational organizations of law enforcement agencies, as well as the search for effective pedagogical forms and methods of training law enforcement officers. Following the results of the international scientific and practical conference, a resolution was formed and adopted.

Подготовка кадров для органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации в условиях современных социальных трансформаций

The article is devoted to the organizational and pedagogical problems of managing the processes of training of employees of internal affairs bodies in the context of challenges to the Russian state and society. The issue under consideration concerns the external and internal conditions for the implementation of law enforcement activities in our country. the actual problems of personnel training for the internal affairs bodies in the conditions of modern socio-economic and socio-psychological transformations characteristic of the beginning of the new millennium are touched upon. Attention is paid to the consideration of some features of socio-communicative processes, socialization and social adaptation of various social groups, the impact of these features on improving the system of training law enforcement personnel. It is emphasized that over the next decades, the tasks of ensuring public security in the Russian Federation will be carried out by internal affairs bodies with new personnel resources and new competencies. The quality of this resource is largely determined by the management system of the organizational and pedagogical system of personnel training in educational institutions.
 Statement of the problem: the main problem considered in the work is the compliance of the management system for training the personnel potential of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation in a rapidly changing social situation, due to the reflection by society of climatic-ecological, epidemiological, man-made and, ultimately, social threats in the XXI century.
 Purpose: based on the analysis of the current situation in which the system of training personnel filling positions in state bodies engaged in law enforcement activities is being implemented, to propose for consideration some recommendations for improving the management of the organization of specialized training.
 Research methods: historical-genetic, comparative, systematic, general logical methods.
 Conclusions: modernization of the management system for training law enforcement officers is an integral part of the response of modern Russian society to the challenges of the new millennium. Positive examples in this area are contained in the practice of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in particular, the Academic Department of Psychology, Pedagogy and Organization of Work with Personnel. It is recommended that the experience gained at the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia be translated into the organization of the activities of educational organizations located in the system not only of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, but also of other executive authorities that also train personnel for the law enforcement industry.

Managers and shorebird biologists' perceptions of enforcement and voluntary compliance techniques to increase compliance with dog regulations on beaches

Abstract Disturbance to shorebirds by domestic dogs can cause direct and indirect bird mortality. Dog regulations to minimize disturbance are only effective if people comply with them. Non‐compliance is a universal problem in biodiversity conservation, with an associated body of applicable social science from the field of conservation criminology. We apply the lens of this literature to better understand non‐compliance with dog regulations on beaches along the Atlantic Flyway of the U.S. and the role of law enforcement and voluntary compliance techniques (e.g. persuasive communications, behavioural alternatives) in fostering compliance. Through in‐depth interviews with 27 land managers and shorebird biologists experienced in creating and/or implementing regulations to reduce disturbance to shorebirds, we found that non‐compliance is a challenge that law enforcement alone is inadequate to address. Managers are working to overcome these challenges with law enforcement through training law enforcement officers, as well as voluntary compliance approaches, such as conducting on‐site stewardship programs led largely by volunteers, placing educational signage at sites, and highlighting alternative areas to walk dogs. The early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the U.S. increased dog walking on beaches and exacerbated the issue of non‐compliance and lack of enforcement, while the capacity for educational and stewardship programs was also limited. We conclude by recommending that managers and biologists tackle non‐compliance with multiple and concurrent strategies along a spectrum from enforcement to voluntary compliance techniques, while also better studying the efficacy of these approaches. We also highlight the importance of continuing to track the ongoing challenges to compliance with biodiversity conservation regulations due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

DEVELOPMENT OF LAW ENFORCERS’ COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN ТHE USA

Based on the study of the experience of training law enforcement officers in the United States, there has been stressed in the article on the need to improve the police training considering development of communicative and interpersonal skills. These skills as well as creative thinking, problem-solving and decision-making skills are among the most needed for the professional efficiency of every law enforcement officer. The author considers that a new law enforcement agency serving the social needs and protecting the rights of citizens requires modern approaches to the police training. So, as the community-oriented policing is an important aspect of law enforcement work, police training academies should train their officers to interact effectively with public. Coming from the USA research outcomes, the core interpersonal competencies for law enforcement officers are identified as following: ability to use good judgment and to problem solve; capacity for empathy and compassion; capacity for multi-tasking; ability to demonstrate courage and to take responsibility; ability to be resourceful and show initiative; demonstrating assertiveness; possess and demonstrate integrity; capacity for engaging in teamwork and ability to collaborate. The contemporary methodologies like problem-based learning, communications-based instructions, and practical scenario training providing development of law enforcers’ communicative and interpersonal skills are analyzed in the article. Within training programs these methods integrate many of the educational results such as: thinking critically with the ability to analyze complex problems; locate, assess, and utilize significant educational resources; display outstanding skills related to written and oral communications; and develop into life-long learners by using their intellectual and content knowledge. The author says that the experience of the USA police training according to the mentioned sphere can be crucially useful for the police reform process in Ukraine.
 Кеу words: communication skills; interpersonal skills; law enforcers; police training; the USA.

The concept of rule of law and the notion of justice in the survival of the Nigerian State

Upholding the rule of law and adherence to the principles of justice play an important role in the economic and social development of a Nation, this is because rule of law and justice to all guarantee peace, security and stability. For a Nation to be ranked among the committee of civilized and developed Nations, rule of law and principles of justice must be upheld. Using the doctrinal methodology, this work assessed Nigerian State from the perspective of her adherence to the rule of law and upliftment of justice. This work reaffirms that for Nigeria as a State to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 16, will depend on her commitment to the notion of the ideal character of the rule of law as a guiding principle for organizing life in society and access to justice as the essential instrument for the protection of human right. The work concluded that upholding law and order, providing predictable and efficient judgments through the institutional framework and attributes believed necessary to actuate the rule of law such as well trained law enforcement officers, functional courts, independent judiciary, comprehensive law and equipped correctional facilities and homes are the things upon which the Nigerian state can continue, prosper and survive.

Innovative methods in training law enforcement officers in the era of digitalization: foreign experience

The object of the study is the possibility of using innovative methods in the training of law enforcement officers in the era of digitalization. The subject of the study is the foreign experience of using innovative methods in training law enforcement officers. In the course of the conducted research, general scientific methods of dialectics, analysis, generalization, as well as special scientific methods of summary and grouping were used. All this allows us to consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the change of the traditional approach in the educational process, which is replaced by an innovative and technological way of information exchange along with analytical, normative and axiological study of the humanities and natural sciences. The article focuses on the fact that in modern conditions, the training of law enforcement officers of departmental higher educational institutions is gradually acquiring digital prospects in the development of professional potential and high technology. The main conclusions of the study are the formulated main components of general cultural, professional competencies that allow law enforcement officers to develop special abilities in the process of studying at higher school. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is to consider it from the point of view of various training technologies and methods of training law enforcement officers used in police agencies of foreign countries. Conducting research, the authors come to the conclusion that in the law enforcement sphere, during the period of total digitalization, there is a need for technologically savvy specialists with a legal education who have interdisciplinary skills in various scientific fields. The novelty of the research lies in the extrapolation of foreign experience and technologies of training law enforcement officers in foreign countries to the educational activities of law enforcement officers of the Russian Federation.

College Students Training Law Enforcement Officers: The Officer Charlie Get Fit Project

While most law enforcement agencies recognize the importance of physical fitness for their officers and encourage them to maintain an adequate level of fitness, many find it difficult to implement a fitness program successfully. Prior studies and literature support the implementation of community-centered fitness initiatives. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe participant outcomes from the service- learning project Officer Charlie Get Fit Project and (2) delineate Kolb’s experiential learning model implemented by undergraduate kinesiology majors when applied in an exercise setting. Students were charged with working directly with police officers over an 8-week program with the goal of lowering health-risk factors for the participants. Additionally, the project provided an opportunity for students to assess their own learning style and infuse it in a real-world professional application. Participants included 16 police officers (M = 44.6, SD = 10.7 years of age) and one elected city administrative official. Paired sample t tests revealed nonsignificant differences between the pretest and posttest scores on the 10 fitness measures. Descriptive statistics revealed improvements in categories of body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, sum of skinfolds, and overall body fat percentage. Participant exit interviews indicated positive qualitative results. The student reflection piece indicated that the frequent writing helped with (1) the myriad of planning and preparation issues, (2) selecting a community partner and recruiting participants, and (3) data collection and analysis. This study was an important assessment of immersive learning opportunities provided through classroom lecture and development of community partnerships.

Образовательные контексты профессиональной мотивации сотрудников полиции в фокусе гендерных различий

An overview of key issues related to the professional motivation of police officers is provided. Types of professional motivation are shown. There are outlined the vectors of studying gender studies in the framework of psychological and pedagogical support for training law enforcement officers. Promising areas of research on professional motivation of police officers in the context of gender differences are identified.

Alaska reaches settlement on holding people in MH crises

The Alaska Department of Health and Social Services and the Disability Law Center reached a settlement Sept. 3 over involuntary commitments of people suffering mental health crises before they receive treatment from health care professionals. The lawsuits filed by the Disability Law Center and petitioners represented by the Public Defender Agency maintained that a lack of timely evaluations while holding people in jails or emergency units is unconstitutional, KTUU‐TV reported Sept. 7. The center's initial lawsuit in 2018 sought to end the practice of holding mental health patients in correctional or emergency facilities as they awaited services through the Alaska Psychiatric Institute. The state facility implemented a capacity policy that created longer wait times for admission, the lawsuit said. The settlement has several provisions, including a commitment by the health and social services department to train law enforcement officers to refrain from incarcerating people when jail is not appropriate. The settlement also calls for mental health professionals to be dispatched to patients wherever they are kept when possible and for the state to file monthly reports through mid‐2021 showing the location and duration of people being held. The settlement also agreed to the implementation of a system known as “Crisis Now,” which seeks to make short‐term stabilization centers available for evaluations.

Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs and Suicide

In response to the disproportionate number of individuals with mental disorders incarcerated in local jails and prisons, crisis intervention team (CIT) programs were designed to train law enforcement officers to divert mentally ill individuals to mental healthcare resources. CIT programs and researchers soon determined that many CIT encounters involved an individual displaying suicidal behaviors by either threatening or attempting to commit suicide. Using a database containing 3103 St. Louis Area CIT Program encounters in 2005 through 2009, it was determined that many of these individuals displayed suicidal behaviors. The study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to examine their demographic characteristics, type of suicidal behaviors, and the factors associated with the disposition/outcome. The findings are that (a) the large majority of CIT encounters involved individuals engaged in suicidal behaviors; (b) this study reached different conclusions from previous CIT and suicide researchers regarding methods used or planned to be used in a suicide attempt; and (c) of those arrested and taken into custody (0.6%), most (86%) were taken first to an Emergency Department for evaluation and treatment. Future studies should focus on CIT programs that employ CIT officers and mental health professional teams that determine which individuals to transport to an emergency department and which can receive outpatient behavioral healthcare.

Can Cognitive Training Improve Shoot/Don’t-Shoot Performance? Evidence from Live Fire Exercises

Abstract Police, security, and military personnel have—at most—seconds to make a shoot/don’t-shoot decision despite the life-or-death consequences of their actions. Recent research suggests that shoot/don’t-shoot errors (e.g., commission errors of shooting at nonhostile or unarmed civilians) can be linked to specific cognitive abilities, and these errors could be reduced through targeted cognitive training. However, these studies were conducted with untrained personnel, conducted with simulated weapons, or conducted with untrained personnel using simulated weapons. Before integrating cognitive training into real-world police and military firearm training, there should be evidence that training benefits also apply to trained shooters using live weapons and live ammunition. Here we assessed differences following cognitive training for trained law enforcement officers who performed pretraining and posttraining shooting tasks with live ammunition and their service-issued weapons. Our findings provide further support that targeted cognitive interventions can significantly improve firearm safety and efficacy for armed professionals.

Training Law Enforcement Officers to Identify Reliable Deception Cues With a Serious Digital Game

Extant research indicates that professional law enforcement officers (LEOs) are generally no better than untrained novices at detecting deception. Moreover, traditional training methods are often less effective than no training at all at improving successful detection. Compared to the traditional training, interactive digital games can provide an immersive learning environment for deeper internalization of new information through simulated practices. VERITAS—an interactive digital game—was designed and developed to train LEOs to better detect reliable deception cues when questioning suspects and determining the veracity of their answers. The authors hypothesized that reducing players' reactance would mitigate resistance to training, motivate engagement with materials, and result in greater success at deception detection and knowledge. As hypothesized, LEOs playing VERITAS showed significant improvement in deception detection from the first to the second scenario within the game; and the low-reactance version provided the most effective training. The authors also compared various responses to the game between LEOs and a separate undergraduate student sample. Relative to students, findings show LEOs perceived VERITAS to be significantly more intrinsically motivating, engaging, and appealing as a deception detection activity.