Tragic Mistakes Research Articles

The American Board and the Lausanne Conference Processes

This study aims to deal with and analyse how the American Board missionaries viewed both the process leading to the Lausanne Conference and the Treaty of Lausanne through the Missionary Herald, the journal of the American Board and to cast a light upon the views of America and the missionaries towards the new Ankara government within the framework of the Treaty of Lausanne. Thus, it is intended to show on which basis America built its relations with the newly established Turkish state after the collapse of the Ottoman State, and on which principles of this relationship are founded. In line with this purpose, the process leading to the Treaty of Lausanne and the Lausanne Treaty has been chosen as an example. In other words, case study analysis, one of the qualitative research patterns, was used to understand and evaluate the relations between the United States and the newly established Turkish state, and the study was mainly based on the information given by the American Board missionaries regarding the Lausanne Treaty. The data obtained were analysed through the descriptive analysis method, which allows the data to be summarised and interpreted within the framework of predetermined themes and to examine the cause-effect relationship in the quotations. As a result of the Treaty of Lausanne, missionary organisations were now completely subjected to Turkish law and lost their foreignness and privileges. For the American Board missionaries in Turkey, the behaviour of the American government officials that led to all these developments were considered "tragic mistakes that could not be corrected". Despite this view, the treaty made it possible to make more precise plans for the continuation of missionary initiatives in Turkey. The rights and privileges expected in the work to be carried out were finalised with this treaty.

Auschwitz and the Gulag: Remember Impossible (to) Forget

The article explores the problem of memory and oblivion on the example of the tragic events of the 20th century associated with Auschwitz and the Gulag. The choice of this problem for analysis is due to its relevance by today, since in modern public life discussions about Stalin's repressions and the policy of Nazism haven’t lost their sharpness. Critical analysis and an unbiased assessment of these events today are faced with the phenomenon of “post-truth”, which generates a corresponding narrative, in which specific facts and analytical conclusions have less persuasive power than ready-made interpretations. The article discusses the question of how this issue fits into the global agenda as a whole, and whether it is particularly relevant for Russia due to its historical and cultural characteristics. Based on the works of modern philosophers, in particular, Valery Podoroga’s “Time after. Auschwitz and the Gulag: to think absolute evil”, an attempt is made to identify the main fractures of human subjectivity and the points of splitting of the individual. The destructive transformation of the human who has passed the test of a concentration camp manifests itself through the psychological state of the subject, the reflex work of the body, and as a result of bodily manipulations. However, Podoroga considers not exactly the survival in inhuman conditions, but continuation of life after the camp experience, as the main problem. If survival is a physiological overcoming; then life after survival is an existential struggle with the past so painfully experienced, which haunts and tries to constantly remind of itself. The evil of the past days has not been dissolved in the past, has not been fully comprehended either. The reasons for its origin have not been overcome and persist in the present. Until the tragic mistakes of the past are worked out, society will not find an incentive for moral development. The conducted research allows us to conclude that it is necessary to strive to recognize the Absolute Evil in various guises and prevent new humanitarian disasters, restoring memory and historical justice by realizing and experiencing guilt in one's own history, since memory is one of the main foundations of culture.

Crises and Crossroads in Ethiopia

Crises and Crossroads in Ethiopia

La Révolution de 1917 dans les manuels d’histoire du secondaire en Russie : rejeter le passé, renouer avec le passé


 
 
 L’article s’interroge sur la nature et les causes des révisions du récit de la Révolution de 1917 dans les manuels d’histoire de la Russie postsoviétique. La première partie passe en revue les changements apportés depuis la fin de l’époque soviétique. Entièrement réécrit au lendemain de la chute de l’URSS, le récit de 1917 s’est transformé en une série d’erreurs tragiques dans certains manuels d’histoire postsoviétiques. Cependant, ce récit a connu une nouvelle révision dans les années 2000 et 2010. Celle-ci vise à justifier et à célébrer l’évènement que les textes appellent aujourd’hui « la Grande révolution russe ».La seconde partie examine les acteurs et les processus qui se cachent derrière ce nouveau changement. Après un aperçu des facteurs politiques et administratifs qui ont entraîné une évolution du contenu des manuels d’histoire, nous nous intéressons à la sociologie des auteurs des manuels. L’analyse de leurs parcours permet de démontrer que loin d’être de simples exécutants des injonctions formulées par les décideurs, ils ont joué un rôle important dans la réécriture du récit du XXe siècle.
 
 

ОТ «КОММУНАЛЬНОЙ» ДАЧИ К ДАЧЕ-УСАДЬБЕ. К ИСТОРИИ ДАЧИ КОРОЛЕНКО В ДЖАНХОТЕ

The paper, basing on the correspondence (partially unpublished) between V. G. Korolenco, his relatives and friends, is to present the reconstruction of history of the house which the writer planned to build as a summer dacha, in cooperation with some of his associates from Nizhny Novgorod, in Dzhankhot near Gelendzhic. According to Korolenco’s project the house was erected in Dzhankhot as a dacha, but the construction was supervised by his brother, I. G. Korolenco, who later converted the dacha, initially designed for temporary stay, into a place of his own constant dwelling, a country estate, where he, as a sole owner and master, lived until his death in 1915. From the 1950-s onwards the country estate was being gradually transformed into Korolenco`s museum, which was opened in 1964. The choice of Dzhankhot as a site for a summer house was motivated by Korolenco’s acquaintance with F. A. Tscherbina, the first “dachnik” in khutor Dzhankhot since 1870, who had also organized one of the first workers’ artels, as well as one of the first agricultural associations, and later became a renowned expert in the history of agricultural communities in Russia. Korolenco first visited Tscherbina in Dzhankhot on July 6–7 in 1898 when he came to the agricultural colony Krinitsa founded by V. V. Yeropkin in 1886. Thus, the idea of a “communal” dacha came to be a reflex of the agricultural communities created by narodniks, N. G. Tchernishevsky’s followers. Korolenco witnessed tragic mistakes made by the communes’ founders, at the same time thinking that his own idea was quite reasonable. The plan of the “communal” dacha, however, was not realized. Dzhankhot became a country estate of Illarion Korolenco, remaining one of Vladimir Korolenco`s summer dachas.

Τα τραγικά λάθη της Οικονομικής Θεωρίας που εξακολουθούν να διδάσκονται στα Πανεπιστήμια (The Tragic Mistakes of the Economic theory that Are Still Being Taught in Universities)

Greek Abstract: Η συμβατική μικροοικονομική θeωρία, η οποία θeμeλιώθηκe και αναπτύχθηκe κυρίως από τους νeοκλασικούς οικονομολόγους, eμπeριέχeι κάποια βασικά λάθη τα οποία οδηγούν την οικονομική θeωρία σe eσφαλμένα συμπeράσματα σχeτικά μe τον τρόπο λeιτουργίας της οικονομίας και τα αποτeλέσματα αυτής της λeιτουργίας. Δυστυχώς τα λάθη αυτά παρέμeιναν και μeτά τη νeοκλασική σύνθeση που eπήλθe δια της eνοποιήσeως (merger) της νeοκλασικής μe την κeϋνσιανή θeωρία (mainstream economics) και eξακολουθούν να διδάσκονται στα πανeπιστήμια μέχρι σήμeρα. Κατωτέρω γίνeται μια σύντομη ανάλυση των λαθών αυτών και μια προσπάθeια ανίχνeυσης των πιθανών αιτίων τους. Eπίσης παρουσιάζeται μια πeριληπτική αναφορά των δραματικών αλλαγών που eπιφέρeι η διόρθωση των λαθών αυτών στην οικονομική θeωρία μe τις κοινωνικές και πολιτικές eπιπτώσeις της. Για μια αναλυτικότeρη παρουσίαση παραπέμπουμe στο άρθρο του συγγραφέα “A Revision of the Theory of Perfect Competition and of Value”. English Abstract: Conventional microeconomics theory, which was founded and developed mainly by the neoclassical economists, contains some basic mistakes that lead economic theory to erroneous conclusions about how the economy operates and the results of this operation. Unfortunately these mistakes have still remained after the neoclassical synthesis that came through the merger of neoclassical and Keynesian economics (mainstream economics) and are still taught in universities to this day. Below a brief analysis of these mistakes and an attempt to detect their probable causes is made. Also, a brief account of the dramatic changes brought about by the correction of these mistakes in economic theory with its social and political implications is presented. For a more detailed presentation, we refer to the author's paper A Revision of the Theory of Perfect Competition and of Value.

The Tragic Mistakes of the Economic Theory Still Being Taught in Universities

Conventional microeconomic theory, founded and developed mainly by the neoclassical economists, contains some fundamental mistakes that lead economic theory to erroneous conclusions about how the economy operates and the results of this operation. Unfortunately, those mistakes have still remained after the neoclassical synthesis that came through the merger of Neoclassical and Keynesian economics (mainstream economics) and they are still taught in universities to this day. The correction of those mistakes brings about dramatic changes in the economic theory concerning price theory, perfect competition, income distribution, social welfare, and other major fields of economics. Below a brief analysis of those mistakes and an attempt to detect their probable causes is made. Also, a brief account of the dramatic changes brought about by the correction of these mistakes in the economic theory with their social and political implications is presented.

Dmytro Kremin`s Poetical Admonition

The creativity of the award winner of the Taras Shevchenko National Prize in the domain of literature Dmytro Kremin (1953-2019) is a vivid phenomenon of modern Ukrainian literature and culture. His poetic heritage has a special meaning after the poet passed away in May of this year. Now it is worth to be considered and conceived as a kind of his testament left to descendants by the outstanding master of the imaginative word. Dmytro Kremin`s legacy has always been in the centre of attention of critical literary practice, his poems evoked a contradictory attitude towards himself, thanks to it the critics` reviewers were so brilliant and emotional. But after the poet`s death, there is a need for a literary study of his heritage and a conclusion to the study of the work of an outstanding poet on a qualitatively new level. Among the poet’s many works, the poem holds a special place. It was created before long after Ukraine gained independence. Appeal to the people and the country`s history, Dmytro Kremin comprehends the origins of their heavy fate. The philosophical approach to understanding concrete historical phenomena allows the poet to look profoundly into the past, to define the influence on the present, and the origins of our young state`s problems. A wide range of historical figures, to which the author refers, characterizes the history of Ukraine in its most noticeable facts. The analysis of the poem is philological. The figurative system of the work is perceived in the unity of form and content. Thus it is possible to identify the aesthetic singularity of the work and its patriotic directivity. The study proves that the appeal of the patriotic poet to history should be received as a kind of poetic admonition, an attempt to draw attention to the tragic mistakes for the people`s fate to avoid them in the contemporary history of Ukraine. The poet’s call to live for the sake of the Motherland, to conscientious service to the country and people reflects his moral and aesthetic position and becomes his contribution to the development of the country. We consider that the article can be useful for researchers, lecturers, school teachers, students, and everyone interested in the creativity of the outstanding Ukrainian poet.

Victims’ Race and Sex Leads to Eyewitness Misidentification of Perpetrator’s Phenotypic Stereotypicality

Eyewitness misidentification is the primary cause of wrongful convictions in North America. Discovering a discernible pattern to these errors is a critical step toward creating procedures that reduce the occurrence of these tragic mistakes. To these ends, we hypothesized that both the victims’ race and the victims’ sex may impact eyewitness identification for perpetrators of certain crime types. In two experiments, we demonstrated that a Black male drive-by shooter’s level of phenotypic stereotypicality is accurately identified by eyewitnesses only when the victims are Black males. Specifically, when eyewitnesses believe the victims are White or female, the drive-by shooter’s level of Black phenotypic stereotypicality is falsely elevated. In contrast, when a Black male perpetrator is suspected of committing a stereotypically non-Black crime (i.e., serial killing), the perpetrator’s level of phenotypic stereotypicality is accurately identified regardless of the victims’ race or sex.

ОБРАЗ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА У ТВОРЧОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ХУДОЖНИКА ІВАНА-ВАЛЕНТИНА ЗАДОРОЖНОГО

ОБРАЗ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА У ТВОРЧОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ХУДОЖНИКА ІВАНА-ВАЛЕНТИНА ЗАДОРОЖНОГО

Beyond Professional Emergencies: Patterns of Mistakes in Social Work and Their Implications for Remediation

This paper analyzes the emerging field of government mandated child protection, the work's design, and the public crisis caused by public airing of its mistakes. The cycle of reacting to public revulsion at errors,followed by a return to business as usual persists despite official, government inquiries and the social work profession identified with the protection of children. The risk of working in a highly emotional area is discussed through the sociology of at work, or professional emergencies. This work balances risks with advantages of evoking emotions. The risk comes from the negative emotions associated with official failures seen by the public as tragic mistakes or worse. In the past four decades social work has become vulnerable to public outcries when a child is killed when supposedly protected. The management of that risk is relatively new to the profession and it has not responded effectively. The sources of child fatalities within the child welfare system are at least partly due to the design of the system, its daily work routines and the central role of the profession in the emerging field of child protection. These routines are described with an analysis of how they contribute to failures. Recommendations for system change are suggested.

Hyposkillia as a cause of delayed diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the second half of pregnancy

The incidence of acute appendicitis in pregnancy is 1:2000 (1:700 ÷ 3000); 60% suffer from acute appendicitis in the first half of pregnancy. When perforated appendicitis complicated by diffuse peritonitis, maternal mortality rate reaches 16.7%, with perinatal loss in the 19,4-50%. Explainable limitation application of instrumental diagnostic methods at different stages of pregnancy makes to rely more on clinical experience of doctor. However, the ubiquitous phenomenon observed by the lack of clinical skills (hyposkilliya) sometimes leads to tragic mistakes.

Two clear minds

I am not an anthropologist, so cannot contribute anything to the subject in which Diane Barwick was so distinguished and humane a worker. But her voice, in its humanity, its dedication to reason and justice, speaks across 140 years to an early observer of the relations between Aborigines and white invaders: Alexander Harris. If due attention had been paid to what he had to say in his book Settlers and convicts (1847) many of the tragic mistakes which have bedevilled black-white relationships might have been avoided. It is their absolute honesty and freedom from cant which bring Alexander Harris and Diane Barwick so close together across a century; reminding ourselves of their closeness helps to sustain a faith that justice and reason will not fail.

Truth, Lies, and O-Rings: Inside the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster

Reviewed by: Truth, Lies, and O-Rings: Inside the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Steven Pomeroy (bio) Truth, Lies, and O-Rings: Inside the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster. By Allan J. McDonald, with James R. Hansen. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2009. Pp. xix+626. $39.95. In late February 2010, the fifty-seventh and final ground firing of a space shuttle solid-rocket booster occurred. These tests and a hundred-plus shuttle flights significantly shaped the design, development, and operation of the space shuttle system over nearly four decades. Via an insider's perspective, Truth, Lies, and O-Rings describes and analyzes the processes of managing such an aerospace project in the light of tragic mistakes. The author, Allan J. McDonald, formerly directed the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Project at producer Morton Thiokol, Inc., and he was instrumental in redesigning the shuttle's twin solid-rocket boosters following the 28 January 1986 Challenger explosion. To craft his book, McDonald sought the services of historian James R. Hansen, author, among many other works, of First Man: The Life of Neil Armstrong (2005). Hansen contributed the foreword, McDonald's biographical sketch, and a scholarly bibliographical essay. Those familiar with his writing will also note his deft touch throughout the narrative. McDonald does not provide a generalized tale of what happened during the Challenger explosion and the deaths of its seven astronauts. Those seeking this should first skim Hansen's bibliographic essay for a more popular-audience introduction. Rather, he demonstrates the detailed functioning of government, industry, and academe in an aerospace case study in which he himself served as a first-person participant. As such, he analyzes primary sources retained for more than two decades which detail engineering, leadership, and management personalities and decisions involved [End Page 1038] in the shuttle program. He tells not so much Challenger's tale as he illuminates relationships within the aerospace community, demonstrating that success in such work demands integrity and professional heterogeneity in engineering, management, testing, operations, and bureaucracy. Details matter in rocketry. McDonald provides a plethora of internalist explanations covering the design, function, and limitations of the O-rings sealing the solid-rocket motor joints. He repeats his descriptions—perhaps too frequently—to aid reader retention. Nonetheless, the details were important. Effectually retaining sight of the shuttle system's unbending temperature limitations, O-ring sealing characteristics and operational and test data allow comprehension of the effects of human personality, organizational limitations, institutional culture, and, one may add, faulty operational practices on the disaster and recovery. McDonald methodically discusses competing explanations. He disposes of them without losing sight of how final arbiters ignored important data and declared "go for launch" when "no-go" was appropriate. Indeed, as he explains, Challenger was the first time he had to justify to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration the reasons for not launching a rocket versus convincing NASA why it was safe to do so. The narrative and analysis chiefly contextualize within the work of the post-accident, presidentially appointed investigative agent, the Rogers Commission. Herein scholars will see the challenges that accident-investigation bodies face. In the Challenger's case, this included honest confusion, faulty memory, deplorable lies, cover-ups, and sustained demonstrations of pure integrity and bureaucratic courage by engineers, managers, astronauts, and commission members. The success of any technocratic endeavor depends on the depth of the questions asked and the courage of the answers, and, as McDonald recounts, the Rogers Commission and those within government, industry, and academe who redesigned the shuttle boosters asked and answered well. McDonald's description of the important return-to-flight process is insightful and relatable to the 2003 shuttle Columbia tragedy. Both as memoir and as history, McDonald retains his passion for what happened, but he does not allow his judgment to cloud. Hansen's historiographical essay rightly stresses the importance of McDonald's contribution as the only serious work produced by one of the Challenger launch, post-accident, and return-to-flight principals. Aerospace and technological historians will find the book insightful for illuminating how and why the accident occurred, the interactions of government, industry, and academe, and the continued relevance of human agency within technocratic projects...

Developmental disabilities: challenges for research practices and policies in the 21st century

Some of the issues include: how can modern research be translated into everyday practices and policies? How can we make use of new biomedical, psychosocial, and public health technologies? And, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, how can we eradicate the deep-rooted myths about developmental disabilities that have shaped practices in the past? In the past 20 years many innovative services have been introduced in the area of childhood disability. It is sad however, that the huge amount of research in the field of developmental disabilities 1 has not resulted in full implementation of basic rights for children with disabilities. A similar gap between the results of good research and translating such research into everyday practice has also been identified in the area of mental health services 2,3 For many decades children with developmental disabilities in countries in Central and Eastern Europe were held hostage to state policies of institutionalization and medicalization, according to what was then perceived as the science of ‘defectology’ (i.e. children with developmental disabilities were ineducable and should be institutionalized) and child psychoneurology (i.e. providing highy medicalized care for children with emotional and behavioural problems). In many countries of this region more resources are still allocated to institutional care for these children than to providing community-based and family-focused services. Apart from institutionalization, other practices aimed at solving the problems of children with disabilities, although well intentioned, have sometimes led to tragic mistakes. These include treating autism and mental retardation* as ‘diseases’ and employing ‘therapies’ that are mostly ineffective or even harmful, often based on manipulating the hope of parents for a ‘miraculous’ cure for their child with disabilities. As a member of the committee for the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, I have had a unique opportunity to observe that the rights of children with developmental disabilities ‐ the right to education or the right to live with their parents rather than in institutions ‐ are seriously challenged all over the world. Although the second half of the 20th century has been marked by obvious progress in this field, children with disabilities in many countries of the world are suffering from grave violations of their basic rights. There are many safeguards that can be put in place to prevent mistakes in the provision of services for children with disabilities and in investing in research. One of the strongest protective factors is a rights-based approach. Dialogue between politicians, professionals, researchers, and parents of children with disabilities is a prerequisite for effective implementation of modern, evidence-based services based on a human rights approach. Modern research on genetic and biomedical determinants of disabilities needs today to be better integrated with social research and the social model of disability that is currently dominating disability policies and practices. The social model of disability acknowledges that obstacles to full participation and inclusion for children with disabilities reside in the social environment rather than in the individual and that such barriers can and must be prevented. Most of these obstacles and barriers are of an attitudinal nature, and this fact needs to be addressed more convincingly in research as well as in provision of services. We must avoid the mistakes of the past and implement the principles of participation, inclusion, and autonomy for children with developmental disabilities through better interaction between biomedical and social research and practices and policies.

Combining prevention, treatment and care: lessons from South Africa

Over one million people in sub-Saharan Africa now access HIV treatment, and as the prognosis of life expectancy on antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves, the central question that arises for governments, civil society and the private sector must be: how will we pay for the healthcare costs?This paper critically evaluates the need to provide effective treatment, prevention and care for HIV over the long term. Compelling evidence and moral argument suggest that the right combination of treatment and prevention policies, bolstered by grassroots mobilization and effective treatment literacy campaigns, can prevent new infections, save lives and mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS. South Africa's HIV epidemic and its antiretroviral roll-out provide instructive global templates. The scale of the epidemic, the political responses, the epidemiological evidence and the outcomes data are lessons for countries where there is only a low-level epidemic at present. The investment needed to provide universal ART in South Africa will be substantial, but the economic rationale to act now is compelling. Brazil and to a lesser extent Thailand have responded with increased urgency and foresight. When compared with South Africa, their successes lend further credence to the importance of augmenting HIV prevention efforts with widespread access to treatment and care. Despite the obstacles, important gains have been made in South Africa, with community level health facilities documenting noteworthy treatment and adherence results. Our example suggests that even after tragic mistakes have been made, collective action, evidence-informed programmes, and sustained investment can still save lives and mitigate the epidemic.

Ensuring the competence of pharmacy technicians

Over the past several months, we have heard reports of medication errors involving pharmacy technicians that have led to serious injury or death. In some cases, the technicians or supervising pharmacists were terminated from their positions. Moreover, the institutions in which the incidents occurred announced immediate changes in their procedures and systems. In one instance, calls were made for legislative intervention at the state and federal levels. What is there to be learned from these events? How should pharmacy respond to these tragedies? Can such incidents be prevented? Accidents serve as primary learning tools for the prevention of similar misadventures. For example, awareness of rudder problems in Boeing 737 aircraft resulted in the inspection of thousands of 737s worldwide for possible repair.1 More than likely, this action prevented accidents. Careful analysis of tragic mistakes made by pharmacy technicians generally results in the detection of substantial systems failures. Such failures involve shortcomings in medication packaging and labeling, inconsistent verification methods (e.g., bedside barcode verification), lack of process controls, and a host of other systems problems. Accidents also reveal defects in human performance, some of which are grounded in issues of competence, such as the capacity to perform job requirements and the effect of certain psychological phenomena (e.g., fatigue, cognitive processes). In short, accident investigation allows for a compilation of factors that contribute to failure and, hence, serves as the basis for systematic improvement for the prevention of similar accidents.

Convictions of Innocent Persons in Massachusetts: An Overview

Scholars documenting incidence and causes of wrongful convictions in United States have focused on cases arising all across country. Because reform of practices that lead to such errors of justice must largely take place on state level, there is value in examining wrongful convictions in particular jurisdictions. This article attempts to identify and briefly describe all known cases of conviction of innocent persons in Massachusetts from 1800 to present time. Part I discusses criteria for identifying the For purpose of gaining support for needed reforms in law, most persuasive cases are undisputed exonerations, in which responsible judicial or executive officials have endorsed prisoner's factual innocence. Part II identifies and describes fifteen such cases, including four exonerations by DNA evidence. However, confining attention to undisputed exonerations excessively narrows inquiry by excluding legislative exonerations, and other cases which most cautious observers would view as involving conviction of innocent. Therefore, Part II describes eighteen additional cases in which official endorsement was lacking: a group of twelve cases (including two involving DNA evidence) in which prisoner's conviction was vacated under circumstances raising strong doubts as to factual guilt, and a group of six cases, also characterized by such doubts, in which convict was either executed or died in prison. Part III explores implications of these cases for law reform. Although only thirty three cases were found, some greater unknowable number of miscarriages undoubtedly exists. Over half of Massachusetts wrongful convictions involved capital crimes, including three in which exonerations were undisputed. Most of prisoners served substantial sentences before being released. Two died in prison, and four were executed. In keeping with data derived from nationwide studies, over half of Massachusetts wrongful convictions involved mistaken identification. Other prominent causal factors in Massachusetts cases included suppression of exculpatory evidence, police misconduct and witness perjury. Some of procedural reform needs suggested by these cases include adoption of nationally-recognized safeguards in conduct of eyewitness identification procedures, more rigorous requirements for contemporaneous recording of police investigative interviews, and structured prosecution access to both inculpatory and exculpatory evidence gathered by police. The cases also demonstrate need for legislation authorizing state compensation and rehabilitative services for exonerated prisoners, and an Innocence Protection Act that would regulate procedural rights of prisoners seeking to establish their innocence through DNA or other forensic testing. Finally, in order to learn from system's tragic mistakes, Massachusetts should follow example of jurisdictions that have appointed official commissions to investigate causes of particular miscarriages of justice.

Local resection of malignant lesions of the hip and pelvis. 1966.

Local resection of malignant lesions of the hip and pelvis. 1966.

On Taking Ourselves Too Seriously, and Other Tragic Mistakes

On Taking Ourselves Too Seriously, and Other Tragic Mistakes