Traffic Movement Research Articles

Efficient Vehicle Detection and Classification Algorithm Using Faster R-CNN Models

This work focusses the issue of traffic analysis of video surveillance using Efficient-RCNN. The challenge here is expressed as classifying and counting vehicles in Traffic. To provide this proposed issue, we used the related work of efficient RCNN and detector vehicles. For the classification in live traffic movement. The robustness of the efficient RCNN was provided by many restrictions such as adaptive feature pooling, anchors optimization, focal loss, and other mask branch. For training the proposed model, we used UA-DETRAC dataset of ten hours of videos at twenty-five frames / seconds, with resolution of ninety hundred sixteen× five hundred fourteen pixels, this dataset has more than one hundred fourteen k frames in the UA-DETRAC dataset and eight Townend two hundred fifteen vehicles that are manually annotated with DarkLabel, we have 80% recall for proposed method compared to 79% for YOLO, and we also have 79% of precision for the proposed method compared to 78 in YOLO

Temperature Effects on Traffic Load-Induced Accumulating Strains in Flexible Pavement Structures

AbstractRutting is a major distress mode in flexible pavements, results from the repetitive loading caused by traffic movement. Pavement deformation consists of both recoverable (elastic) and unrecoverable (plastic) components. The continuous movement of vehicles contributes to the overall deformation in the flexible pavement system, involving all pavement components. In regions with hot climates or in the hot summer season, rutting tends to be more prominent due to the substantial reduction in the viscosity of the asphalt binder. This decrease in viscosity, which is inversely linked to rutting, occurs as temperatures rise, leading to a heightened susceptibility of the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) blend to rut formation. However, according to studies, a significant amount of permanent deformation takes place in the unbound layers beneath the asphalt course, it is therefore essential to prioritize attention on these layers. Temperature exerts besides viscosity a substantial impact on asphalt stiffness, leading to the transfer of higher vertical deviatoric stresses to the unbound layers beneath the asphalt course (base, subbase, subgrade). This research presents a study integrating the High Cycle Accumulation (HCA) model into a laminar model to determine permanent deformations in the unbound granular layer of flexible pavements and taking into account the temperature dependent stiffness of asphalt. Rutting depths at the end of the design lifetime were computed, accounting for seasonal stiffness variations. It was shown that the softer asphalt behavior significantly increases the development of ruts in the underlaying soil layers. The findings were compared with results obtained from mean annual temperature and the typical equivalent asphalt stiffness utilized in fatigue tests. Additionally, an analysis was conducted to assess whether the timing of road implementation influences settlements throughout the design lifetime. The results suggest that the sequence of seasons is most relevant during the first year of service, showing a distinct effect at that time. However, with a higher number of axle passes, the initial differences fade away, and the curves start to merge.

Аналіз підходів щодо оцінювання просочування опадів у ґрунт узбіччя автомобільних доріг

Introduction. The article investigates the impact of atmospheric precipitation on road structures, specifically focusing on water infiltration into the roadside soil along highways, which is a critical aspect of road infrastructure maintenance. Ensuring the reliable operation of the roadway is becoming increasingly important due to rising traffic loads and climate changes that result in increased precipitation. Continuous moisture penetration into the road embankment can lead to road degradation, creating risks for safe traffic movement and necessitating frequent repairs. It is essential to develop and implement effective methods for assessing moisture infiltration into the soil, which will help ensure the longevity and cost-efficiency of road operation. Problem Statement. With climate change and increasing intensity of precipitation, the issue of assessing its impact on road structures becomes more relevant. Moisture accumulation in the road embankment can disrupt the stability of the soil foundation, reducing the load-bearing capacity of the road surface. Research aimed at analyzing rainfall infiltration and its effect on road structures will allow the implementation of effective solutions to maintain the operational condition of roads.

The future of airport noise: a comprehensive analysis of population exposure at Dublin airport 2023 to 2030

There are conflicting trends in the impact of aircraft noise as increased air traffic is offset by advancements in low noise aircraft technology. This paper considers the case of Dublin Airport and projects the noise impact of operations over the timeline to 2030. The airport projects an (Average Annual Growth Rate) of 1.2 %, translating to an estimated rise in annual air traffic movements from over 212736 flights in 2023 to around 244635 flights in 2030. This estimated increase poses not only logistical challenges for airports but also an escalation in noise pollution in the surrounding areas. The most significant challenge in predicting future airport noise exposure lies in the shifts in aircraft fleet distribution and the adoption of technology in newer generations of aircraft. This paper evaluates the most likely combination of fleet distribution and technology uptake. In 2023, the noise footprint is projected to affect a population of approximately 105762 people with Lden ≥ 55 dB. By 2030, this exposure increases to 168267 people. The increase in air traffic numbers also leads to a notable increase in nighttime flights, bringing nighttime noise exposure Ln ≥ 50 dB from 127720 in 2023 to 189376 in 2030.

Traffic Light Control in Vehicular Network Systems using Fuzzy Logic

Vehicular concentration is getting worse in big and developed cities as we approach the year 2020, creating a challenge. Accurate traffic signal management is a key to efficient free traffic movement and increasing transport security levels. It is thus important to have traffic lights that change with the traffic intensity information that is collected in real-time. Thus, the objective of this study is to design a viable traffic signal control algorithm that would cause minimal delay to drivers. Building on the basis of fuzzy logic, the approach sets input attributes like the volume of the street and the queue of vehicles to identify the right traffic light settings. Performance criteria for evaluation include the average waiting time of the vehicles, and the findings of simulations in this regard show 21.7 seconds, which is faster than the benchmark formula of 25 seconds. This improvement is attributed to the fact that the fuzzy control system is adjustable.

Revolutionizing Urban Mobility: Smart Transportation & Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication – A Review

The burgeoning popularity of IoT technology has significantly altered transportation, with an extensive variety of repercussions. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are at the vanguard of this change, which has the potential to fundamentally change urban transportation for both individuals and businesses. ITS has expanded considerably in recent years, owing to global urbanization and industrialization advancements. It is regarded as a game-changing technology that improves road safety, improves traffic flow, and improves the entire driving experience. Despite many research efforts on ITS applications and simulation platforms, formal semantic descriptions for intelligent transportation systems have been noticeably lacking. Rising rates of accidents suggest the necessity for a robust Smart Transport System (STS) that prioritizes improving mobility, and reliability, as well as reducing carbon dioxide and methane emissions from automobiles beyond dispersing gains throughout everywhere. Multiple traffic signal management approaches have been designed to enhance real-time traffic movement at intersections, but none have achieved seamless, congestion-free traffic movements. The creation of an interconnected unified framework that integrates and links vehicles with VANET, IoT, and AI technologies will significantly affect the establishment of an innovative reliable mobility network. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) systems will connect several automobiles to share vital information through an IoT-enabled network. Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is essential in developing intelligent transportation and rail traffic management systems, significantly improving road traffic safety and efficiency. A V2I system integrates transmission and analysis capabilities into vehicles and corresponding infrastructure. Wireless sensors are strategically positioned along highways or driving zones in this system. The significance of safe and effective V2X communication between automobiles and facilities expands substantially as intelligent modes of transport progress.

Optimal allocation of autonomous PV-powered fast charging stations for electrified transportation considering traffic dynamics

In response to the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, global efforts are focusing on electrifying transportation and adopting renewable energy sources. This necessitates establishing reliable fast-charging stations (FCSs) for the widespread integration of electric vehicles (EVs). Indeed, the arbitrary distribution of FCSs can detrimentally affect the efficiency of traffic movement. Thus, this paper presents a planning methodology aimed at optimizing the allocation of FCSs within large-scale transportation networks. The energy system proposed includes an autonomous photovoltaic (PV)-powered FCS based on a DC microgrid, supplemented by a stationary battery energy storage system for backup power. The behavior of EVs within the traffic flow is modeled using a realistic traffic simulation software called Dynamic Network Assignment Simulation for Advanced Road Telematics (DYNASMAT). The conflicting objectives of minimizing total annual costs and EV average waiting time at stations are addressed through multi-objective optimization. To solve this optimization problem, the GAMS software is employed. A transportation network with 92 nodes and 284 links is utilized to test the proposed approach. The proposed autonomous PV-powered FCS is compared with Natural Gas-fired Distributed Generators (NGDG)-powered FCS. The simulation results show that while the NGDG-powered FCS exhibits higher emissions, the autonomous PV-powered equivalent operates emission-free. However, the annual cost of the autonomous PV-powered FCS is higher than that of the NGDG-powered FCS.

Unconventional Intersection Design to reduce The Delay Time for Bab Al Mashhad Intersection in Hilla City

Abstract The study aims to evaluate and improve traffic movements for an intersection in Bab al-Mashhad in Hilla City, the improvement for this intersection is done by changing the intersection from a conventional model to an unconventional model. The video techniques were utilized to gather the traffic data. The traffic information was collected from the video by using the event program and arrangement by Excel sheet, the VISSUM software was used for the simulation process. This simulation shows the level of service before improvement (F) and after improvement (C) and emission co decreased with 64% so this is lead to activate the sustainability principles in the intersection. The results refer to the traffic volume had big effect on intersection sustainability classification The results refer to a good acceptance of using the unconventional intersection to improve this traffic movement intersection.

Sustainable operation of on-street parking within Hilla City by Simulation Model (VISSIM) with Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM)

Abstract The preservation of sustainability poses an ongoing and persistent problem. To attain sustainability, it is imperative to prioritize the preservation of road traffic safety, the prevention of crashes, the utilization of pollution-free vehicles, and the secure transportation of commodities. The research approach employed in this study involves collecting data about many factors, including air pollution, noise levels, incident frequency, and traffic volumes. The study focuses on 20 links with on-street parking facilities in Hilla City, Iraq. This study uses the VISSIM microsimulation model SSAM software. This study used PTV VISSIM (Thesis) 2024 (SP 02). This license(Thesis) of PTV VISSIM software enables one to conduct the research unlimitedly, which is good for obtaining accurate results. The simulation time used in this study is 3600 seconds. PTV ViSSIM software enables the emulation of traffic movements on selected streets that contain on-street parking. Six streets in Hilla City are divided into 20 links. The streets were monitored using video recordings to collect real traffic data, which was then used to estimate delay and emissions. Additionally, trajectory files were created for future analysis. The SSAM program can be used to determine the conflicts in each link. The simulation models were effectively calibrated and validated using actual data. This study assesses the sustainable, social, economic, and environmental aspects of roadways, including on-street parking spaces. This project intends to construct a sustainable composite index utilizing existing data collection methods. Existing data on urban transportation sustainability considers economic factors like delay, social factors like safety, and environmental factors like noise and air pollution. The composite sustainability index incorporates economic, social, and environmental data, effectively tackling the difficulties related to normalization, weighting, and aggregation. This study aims to evaluate the long-term viability of transportation in Hilla’s central business area (CBD) by considering the incorporation of on-street parking. The Composite Sustainability Transportation Index (ICST) results for links with on-street parking in Hilla City indicate that the sustainability operation is evaluated at different levels: low (8 links), moderate (7 links), and high (5 links).

Modeling drivers’ dilemma at unsignalized T-intersections under mixed traffic conditions: A case study from India

Objective At unsignalized T-intersections, right turning drivers from major or minor roads have to accept or reject the available gap and cross the intersection. Poor judgment may arise risk of collision with the major road conflicting vehicles. Subject drivers intending to cross the intersection encounter wide range of gaps. Drivers accept large gaps and reject small gaps. However, drivers experience dilemma over a wide range of gaps. This study aims to examine dilemma experienced by the right turning drivers by modeling gap acceptance and rejection decisions for estimating dilemma zone boundaries on major road. Methods Videographic method was considered for collecting traffic movement data at unsignalized T-intersections. Traffic video data was collected at three specific unsignalized T-intersections with varying degree of channelization. After this, accepted and rejected gaps with different traffic characteristics of offending vehicles (subject drivers) and conflicting vehicles such as speed, distance, vehicle type, etc. for right turning movements were extracted from the video data to analyze gap acceptance and rejection decisions of the drivers and estimate dilemma zone boundaries. Results Gap decisions (acceptance or rejection) were modeled using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) as a function of conflicting vehicle type, speed, and distance from the intersection along with degree of channelization for major and minor roads. The results showed that gap rejection probability increased with increment in conflicting vehicle’s speed and decrement in conflicting vehicle’s distance from the intersection. Dilemma zone boundaries were obtained using developed GLM models by estimating the conflicting vehicle distance from the intersection for 90% and 10% gap rejection probabilities. Dilemma zone boundaries were observed to shift farther from the intersection with increase in vehicle speed and vehicle size. The analysis revealed that subject drivers experienced more dilemma while accepting a gap from major road as compared to minor road. Conclusions This study showed that channelization plays a major role in mitigating dilemma of the subject drivers. Overall, the study identified dilemma zone boundaries for unsignalized T-intersections which may assist the right turning subject drivers to cross the intersection safely.

Flexible Pavement Design Using Bina Marga 2017 Method for The Padang Mengatas Road Section in Lima Puluh Kota Regency

Kota Payakumbuh and Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota are experiencing rapid development in the fields of economy and tourism, attracting many visitors from both local and out of town. The increase in new tourist destinations has increased traffic movement in these areas. This research was conducted to plan flexible pavement using the Bina Marga 2017 method on the Padang Mengatas road section, aiming to improve future transportation comfort and meet the increasing traffic needs, thereby supporting economic and tourism growth in the region. This study uses a quantitative method, where the initial evaluation determines the Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and soil data (field CBR), essential information for pavement design. The research results show that the flexible pavement layer using the Bina Marga method has a CBR value of 3.1% and an ADT of 5792 vehicles per day. The recommended pavement layers consist of AC-WC with a thickness of 4 cm, AC-BC with a thickness of 6 cm, and a top foundation layer with a thickness of 40 cm.

Studi Kinerja Ruas Jalan Di Sekitar Masjid Terapung BJ. Habibie Kota Parepare

Construction of the BJ Habibie Floating Mosque influences the volume and system of traffic movement, the existence of high efficiency has an impact on increased traffic flow and demands the provision of a road network. The aim of this research is to identify the performance of roads and intersections and also to determine the impact on traffic due to the construction of the BJ. Habibie Floating Mosque by using the MKJI 1997 analysis. The results showed that the heaviest traffic flow on the Mattirotasi road section occurred on Saturday at 16.00 until 17.00 WITA with a traffic volume of 220.1 pcu/hour, a v/c ratio of 0.11 and Level of Service A with average vehicle speed 28.77 km/hour. Massepe road section occurred on Sunday at 16.00 until 17.00 with a volume of 943.49 pcu/hour, a v/c ratio of 0.30 and Level of Service B with an average speed of 28.06 km/hour.

Assessment of Special Rubberized Concrete Types Utilizing Portable Non-Destructive Tests

Concrete is the second most common material demanded over the world. Recently, a trending issue is the vast tracking in constructing infrastructure to ensure traffic movement and life quality. Concrete types such as self and rolled compacted concrete offer magical solutions ensuring vast infrastructure and life quality. However, these structures must be assessed using non-destructive testing methods to observe the difference between the concrete types. Several studies have used recycled waste, specifically the crumb rubber extracted from old tires, as a potential replacement for natural aggregate in concrete manufacturing. However, limited research has been devoted to nondestructive testing of produced concrete to further evaluate existing concrete elements containing crumb rubber. This study investigates the self and rolled compacted concrete in comparison with normal ones, in addition to using chopped rubber as recycled materials. This study examines the concrete manufactured destructively by evaluating its compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, in addition to impact resistance, and correlates those results with the non-destructive such as Schmit hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse (UPV) for extended utilization of the concrete produced and data publication. The results showed unique performance and a high potential for data contribution to the extensive utilization of self-compacted rubberized concrete and rolled compacted concrete.

Transportation Network Connectivity in Nusa Cendana University Campus Environment

The objectives of this research are, (1) To determine the connectivity index of the transportation network in the Undana campus environment, and (2) To determine and increase the level of efficiency of traffic movements in supporting the accessibility needs of transportation users in the Undana campus environment. campus environment. The method used is a quantitative descriptive method which is used to analyze data by describing or illustrating the data that has been collected as it is. The results of the analysis in this research are, with the beta index value (ϐ) of 1.05 indicates that road network connectivity is not arranged linearly or simply. Meanwhile, the gamma index (y) value of 0.38 indicates that the condition of transportation network connectivity is still low. Therefore, infrastructure planning is proposed as a solution to increase the mobility and connectivity index values. Several traffic engineering management scenarios are proposed based on the results of the analysis, namely widening roads, limiting public transportation, scheduling traffic movement activities, improving the safety of traffic signs, encouraging the use of public transportation by providing temporary stops, and monitoring traffic. engineering management.

Kajian Ulang Perencanaan Geometrik Simpang Simpang Tak Bersinyal Berdasarkan Highway Capacity Manual

Simpang Empat Jeuram Nagan Raya is often mentioned by local people as “Simpang Peut” is the main route of the city's arterial road serving traffic movement between districts or between provinces, which is located in Kuala District, Nagan Raya Regency. The intersection has four arms, serving the flow of 4 lanes of the main road with a median and 2 lanes of minor roads connecting the route for offices, residential residents, trade and as a route to the city center. The problem that is raised and also the purpose of research is how the performance of the intersection to traffic volume occurs in the four arms and distinguishes the difference between the current calculation and previous research. The limitations of the discussion are the research location at Simpang Empat Jeuram, the performance of the intersection based on the 1993 HCM method, side barriers and not predicting previous research. Based on the results, the current volume is 3,310 pcu/hour with a composition of 2,789 pcu/hour. The capacity of 4,009 pcu/hour is above the existing volume which is categorized as not jammed or not saturated. Side barriers 1,328 events are categorized as commercial areas and roadside market activity is very high. The degree of saturation is 0.70 < DS (DS < 0.80 - 0.90) with an average delay of 7.95 seconds/pcu and a queue length of 40% - 20% with a service level D where the current is unstable and sometimes has to slow down the speed of 43 km/hour. Previous research has shown significant results, because the increase in vehicles has continued to increase by 75% in the last 3 years.

HELICOPTER PROCEDURE DESIGN FOR AIR TRAFFIC MOVEMENT IMPROVEMENT: A CASE OF KERTAJATI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

A review of Aeronautical Information Publication Indonesia Volume II indicates a critical infrastructure deficiency at Kertajati International Airport. The absence of a designated helipad presents a significant obstacle for air traffic controllers. This research proposed helicopter procedures designed for instrument flight rules to improve air traffic movement at Kertajati International Airport. A qualitative approach using interviews and document analysis was employed. The research identified a critical omission: the absence of designated helicopter take-off and landing locations. This lack of a framework hinders safe and efficient traffic management. The proposed procedure addresses this challenge by providing a structured approach for managing mixed rotary-wing and fixed-wing traffic, potentially reducing human error and delays, and fostering informed decision-making by air traffic controllers.

Environmental factors in tsunami evacuation simulation: topography, traffic jam, human behaviour

The risk a tsunami, a high-rise wave, poses to coastal cities has been highlighted in recent years. Emergency management agencies have become more prepared, and new policies and strategies are in place to strengthen the city's resiliency to such events. Evacuation is a highly effective response to tsunamis, and recent models and simulations have provided valuable insights into mass evacuation scenarios. However, the accuracy of these simulations can be improved by accounting for additional environmental factors that affect the impact of a tsunami event. To this end, this study has been conducted to enhance an evacuation simulation model by considering topography that impacts traffic mobility and speed, traffic congestion, and human behaviour. The updated model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of Napier City's current evacuation plan, as it can realistically simulate both pedestrian and vehicular traffic movements simultaneously. The simulation demonstrated in this paper was based on a scenario involving an 8.4 Mw earthquake from the Hikurangi subduction interface, which would trigger a tsunami risk in the area. Based on this event, the final evacuation time (time between after the shake is felt and the arrival of the tsunami wave at the shoreline of Napier City) is considered to be 50 min. The results of the MSEM model are presented within two categories, (1) survival rate and (2) safe zone capacity. The evacuation simulation model used to examine the environmental factors in this study is the Micro-Simulation Evacuation Model (MSEM), an agent-based model capable of considering both pedestrian and vehicular interactions. The results showed that the steep pathway to the safe zone would markedly decrease the moving speed and reduce the survival rate, highlighting the need to have supporting vertical evacuation to reduce the number of evacuees heading to steep routes. Additionally, the modelling and assessment of mass evacuation by vehicles has highlighted regions of severe congestion due to insufficient network capacity. Through highlighting such regions, the model aid policy makers with a more targeted approach to infrastructure investment to improve flows of traffic in mass evacuation scenarios and increase survival rates.

Traffic emissions before and after development based on traffic impact assessment

Abstract Traffic impact assessment evaluates the traffic conditions in the vicinity before and after the completion of a new development as new development will generate additional vehicle trips on the road and contribute to a rise in traffic emission. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the impact of the proposed development in Nibong Tebal, Penang, on the existing road network and identify the necessary improvements to ensure all intersections perform satisfactorily. Additionally, the impact of the proposed intersection’s design on fuel consumption and traffic emissions will also be investigated. During morning and evening rush hours, six hours manual vehicle counts were conducted at ten intersections. The collected data is then analyzed to determine the performance of the intersection. The level of service, based on the delay and ratio of volume over capacity of a turning movement, is used as the performance indicator for intersections. This study revealed that the reduction of delay time of more than 100 seconds at signalized intersections can significantly reduce fuel consumption and traffic emissions. In conclusion, a well-designed intersection will facilitate traffic movement and reduce traffic emissions which will eventually reduce the quantity of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere that contribute to global climate change.

Research on An IOT Based Smart E-Fuel Station using ESP-32

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is altering traditional fuel stations in the fast-changing energy and transportation landscape. The ESP32 microcontroller's capabilities are utilized in the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT) smart e-fuel station shown in this research. By adding real-time monitoring, automation, and data analytics, the system seeks to improve the effectiveness, security, and user experience of traditional filling stations. Actuators for controlling pumps and queuing traffic are important parts of theproposed system, along with sensor networks for tracking fuel levels, traffic movement, and environmental conditions. The central center for data processing, aggregation, and communication is the ESP32 microcontroller, which makes it easier for different subsystems to work together seamlessly.

Strategic Transportation Planning: Co-Site Planning at Coolwood SA Company

This technical report presents a meticulous exploration of the site planning endeavours undertaken by CoolWood SA, a distinguished entity in wood furniture production, as it endeavours to relocate its operations to Hasselt, Belgium. With over 15 years of industry expertise, CoolWood SA seeks to optimize spatial utilization and operational efficiency through strategic site planning. The report delves into the intricacies of site location, area adjustment, department allocation, external flow access to the warehouse, and current road infrastructure analysis. Utilizing a multifaceted approach, CoolWood SA collaborated with Afro International Transport Planning Consultants to employ various software tools and adhere to international standards throughout the planning process. Key findings include detailed area adjustments, department allocations aimed at enhancing operational efficiency, and analyses of internal circulation, parking requirements, and external traffic movement. Notable measures such as prioritizing employee safety, accommodating diverse transportation modes, and promoting cleanliness and hygiene within the facility are meticulously outlined. The report concludes with insights gleaned from sight distance analyses, swept analysis simulations, and overarching recommendations for CoolWood SA to elevate safety standards and facilitate industry growth. By implementing the proposed strategies and measures, CoolWood SA stands poised to navigate its relocation journey with precision and foresight