Traffic Movement Research Articles

Effect of air pollution on plant secondary metabolites in selected trees of Delhi

AbstractAir pollution is emerging as one of the most important stresses, particularly in urban areas, of both developed and developing countries. It severely affects plant growth and development besides being a health hazard to humans and animals. Delhi has the dubious distinction of being one of the most polluted cities in the world. Incidentally, it is also one of the greenest cities with ongoing programs to increase the already considerable forest cover and biodiversity parks. Plants often act as a sink for airborne pollutants, including particulate matter. Hence it is important to evaluate their efficacy in absorbing pollutants and use the promising species for urban plantation. In the present study, the stress tolerance of four common trees of Delhi (Psidium guajava, Alstonia scholaris, Murraya koenigii, and Moringa oleifera), growing in three areas with varying pollution levels, was estimated by measuring Plant Secondary Metabolites (PSMs: total phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins) along with the total chlorophyll content of the leaves. P. guajava showed significant increase in the contents of phenols, tannins, and alkaloids with higher Air Quality Index (AQI). Increased amounts of phenols and flavonoids were observed in A. scholaris, those of phenols and alkaloids in M. koenigii, and only of alkaloids in M. oleifera. There was a decrease in the total chlorophyll content of the leaves of all four species investigated. P. guajava and A. scholaris can be recommended for plantation along the sides of roads with heavy traffic movement. Since PSMs are seen to accumulate as a defense mechanism against air pollution too, as in various abiotic and biotic stresses, they can be used as biomarkers for stress tolerance in plants.

Modeling Volume-Speed-Density Relationship on the Cibubur Transyogi Road Based on Traffic Behavior During Peak Hours Activity

Transyogi road Cibubur is the main road connecting the activity zone in the city of Bogor. This research models the Volume - speed - density relationship model to determine traffic behavior caused by the activity system in that zone. The research methodology used is quantitative descriptive research modeled using mathematical equations. The inter-city traffic movement that occurs on this section causes the traffic flow situation to become unstable, plus the large rate of increase in traffic and the number of vehicles in the area means it is necessary to carry out planning to anticipate future traffic movement needs. A macroscopic approach can show overall traffic flow. This approach is described by 3 parameters, namely traffic flow (volume), density and speed. The Greenshield, Greenberg, and Underwood models can describe the relationship mathematically between these three parameters. The results of the research show that the flow characteristics at peak hour conditions are shown in the Underwood model with the model significance analysis value on Friday having a value of 0.940. For the model equation between Speed and Density we get S = 54.1 Exp (–D/370.15) Volume and Density get V = 54.1 D Exp (–D/370.15) Volume and Speed get V = 370.15 S Ln (54.1/S). The volume - speed - density relationship model shows that traffic in urban areas has characteristics determined by the zones built from the cover area. So, controlling traffic volume during peak hours in this zone must be controlled by adjusting the activity system on the road corridors that are traversed.

The E16_Geometric Redesign of Road Parongpong-Ngamprah STA. 0+750-1+500 Based on Atraction-Generation Interzone Movement

The increase in movement between zones between sub-districts in the Regency increases in line with economic development in the region. Parongpon sub-district and Ngamprah sub-district are West Bandung regency areas that have increased economic growth which is quite significant in West Bandung Regency. The geometric redesign research between Parongpong and Ngamprah zones has the aim of adjusting the road geometry based on increasing the volume generation and attraction of traffic movement between these zones. The generation and attraction of traffic movement between these zones is dominated by the volume of vehicles with larger dimensions and heavier loads, so that geometric alignment of the road is required based on the standard slope of the vertical alignment and the super-elevation curve of the horizontal alignment. The research method used is quantitative descriptive in geometric design parameters which are developed in accordance with the development of traffic volume and vehicle types. The research results show the Rise and Attract model of movement between Parongpong-Ngamprah zones with the mathematical model shown by the equation Y = 28.064 +0.0003612X1+0.001X2+0.005X3 with R2 = 0.97. With the influence of the generation of traffic volume movement on these roads, of requires adjustment of the super evaluation curve with a larger radius and smaller vertical alignment slope so that the increase in traffic volume from the influence of the generation and attraction of the movement of the Parongpong-Ngamprah zone can be anticipated with fine.

Evaluation of capacity and number of gates for delays and fuel consumption in the FTSP UII parking area

One of the goals of campus development is to provide more adequate facilities for campus residents. This is caused by the increase in vehicles and a large traffic movement that will result in parking users having difficulty parking and causing congestion. This study was devoted to examining the capacity of the FTSP UII motorcycle parking area. Data in this study was obtained by conducting a survey at the research location. The research results will be obtained by comparing the capacity of the FTSP UII parking area in the existing conditions and the next 5 years as well as comparing the value of fuel consumption. Based on the research that has been carried out, the existing parking lot can still accommodate vehicles. Furthermore, in the next 5 years, the parking lot can no longer accommodate vehicles. In addition, it can be concluded that the addition of parking gates can reduce the queue length by 56%, delay by 19%, and fuel consumption by 19%.

CO2 Emissions in Air Transport: A Comparative Study Using Data Envelopment Analysis

The international community has been actively addressing the issue of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as evidenced by various initiatives such as Rio 92, Rio +20, the Paris Agreement, and the 2030 Agenda. These endeavors aim to promote sustainability worldwide. While air transport accounts for only 2% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, its projected growth has spurred the exploration of new technologies to enhance aircraft efficiency. Consequently, further studies are necessary to assess the efficiency and impact of air transport on CO2 emissions in most countries. A methodology utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed in this study for this purpose. This methodology correlates the structure and annual air movement of 21 countries with CO2 production, considering it an undesirable output. The clustering method establishes the relationship between DEA efficiency, the number of airports, air traffic movements (landings and take-offs), and annual economic factors such as gross domestic product in these countries. Additionally, a regression analysis is conducted to examine the influence of air transport on CO2 emissions from transport systems. The findings reveal that the U.S. and China exhibit low efficiency as outliers because of their significant economic disparities. Other countries are grouped based on economic similarities, with South American nations such as Colombia and Chile showing lower air traffic movement efficiency compared with economically powerful European countries such as the UK and Germany. However, the impact of air transportation variables on CO2 emissions remains substantial.

FEMALE USERS AND LEVEL OF SAFETY AT LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT STATION, PETALING JAYA, SELANGOR

Public transportation is an important way of moving people or goods from one point to another point of destination. Light Rail Transit (LRT), Monorail, taxis and buses are currently a good choice for people, especially those who work at the city centre. Lately, the light rail transit was seen to be preferable by all, especially in the area with heavy traffic congestions. The increased number of vehicles heading to the city centre day by day causes the delay in traffic movement on the road. This can easily be seen especially in the morning when people are mobile to work and at the evening time after the working hour. Choosing the public transportation as LRT has helped much in reducing the congestions in many roads to the city centre. Apart from the intention to ensure the minimum road congestion, the other concern is the safety parameter. The safety level among the passengers must also become a priority matter especially for female users. Nowadays, the female users were seen to become more aggressive using the LRT to work, shopping, travelling short distances or for weekend sight-seeing. This is a good sign in the transportation sector as people had noticed that using the LRT would help to reduce mileage, cost, reduce stress, and promote a healthy lifestyle. This research will investigate the safety level among female users in using the LRT in selected destinations and to identify the unsafe location along the walking trails from or to LRT station.

PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI PTV VISSUM PADA EVALUASI KINERJA JALAN KAWASAN TAMAN BUKIT GELANGANG

The city of Dumai is an area that is currently carrying out activities such as the construction of the Dumai Islamic Center and the Lepin market, and some are already operating, such as a culinary village, Taman Bukit Arena, and Ramayana. With these places, it can increase the volume of traffic that is on Jalan Jawasan Taman Bukit Gelanggang. From the existing problems, an evaluation of road performance is carried out, whether the road is still able to accommodate the increase in traffic volume that has occurred. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of roads and intersections based on the 2014 Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI) and modeled using the PTV Vissum 22 application. From the results of the evaluation carried out, it was found that DJ was on Jalan Sudirman 0.19, which with a DJ value of that size, the road was still safe and far from traffic jams. After the simulation was carried out using the PTV Vissum 22 application, the road that experienced the most traffic movement was Jalan Raya Bukit Datuk.

Analysis of Apron Movement Control Coordination in Plotting Parking Stands to Support Flight Safety at Adi Soemarmo Airport Solo

Apron Movement Control (AMC) at Adi Soemarmo International Airport is aimed at monitoring all traffic movements in the apron area consisting of air traffic, vehicles and personnel at the airport, supervision here provides the meaning of the steps needed to prevent accidents from happening. in this case the case of a collision between the three elements forming the apron traffic, where they carry out joint activities. In addition, supervision is also intended so that traffic control can take place smoothly, if the parking stand plotting is not in accordance with the existing SOP, plotting errors will occur. This research is to find out the role of AMC in coordinating Plotting Parking Stands to support flight safety and to find out what are the constraints of AMC in coordinating Plotting Parking Stands to support flight safety at Adi Soemarmo Solo Airport. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. Observation of this study by direct observation of the handling of AMC coordination in plotting parking stands at Adi Soemarmo International Airport. The interviews in this study were Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit officers, tower unit officers and Ground Handling officers at Adi Soemarmo International Airport. Data analysis consists of data reduction (data reduction), data presentation (data display) and drawing conclusions (drawing/ verification). The validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The results of this study can be concluded that the important role of AMC in coordinating plotting parking stands is very large and has great responsibility in each of its operations, one of which is regarding plotting parking stands. As well as coordination carried out by AMC with towers and ground parties. One of the obstacles faced by Apron Movement Control was the implementation of the parking stand plotting procedure carried out by AMC for the tower and ground which had to be taken by one of the parties due to communication constraints carried out by the relevant parties, because if the plane is delayed, damaged or there are many requests it must be coordinated swiftly and responsively with competent personnel as stated by AMC.

The Effect of the Effectiveness of Application and Technical Capabilities of Siopskom Users on the Performance of AMC Officers at Yogyakarta International Airport

AMC is the unit responsible for regulation and supervision of order, safety of traffic movement on the apron, and aircraft parking placement, managing all vehicle movements on the apron. To increase the effectiveness of AMC performance, it is necessary to have an information system, namely siopskom to help provide every work convenience for employees. The purpose of this research is to find out how much effectiveness the application has on the performance of AMC officers, to find out the techniques of using SIOPSKOM on the performance of AMC officers, and to find out how much is the effectiveness of the implementation and technical ability of the siopskom user on the performance of AMC officers at Yogyakarta International Airport. This study used a quantitative method with the variables of application effectiveness (X1), the technical ability of Siopskom users (X2) and the performance of AMC officers (Y). The data used are primary data, secondary data, and documentation. Primary data was obtained from distributing questionnaires to 15 AMC officers, secondary data was obtained from taking references from previous studies that were relevant to the research being carried out, and the documentation was in the form of pictures of filling out the questionnaire. Data analysis was used using multiple linear regression tests. The results of the study from the average value on the indicator of the effectiveness of implementation (X1) there is no significant effect between the effectiveness of the application on the performance of AMC officers at Yogyakarta International Airport. There is a significant influence between the Siopskom user's technical ability variable on the performance of AMC officers at Yogyakarta International Airport by looking at the t count value of 6.024 t table of 2.160. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the implementation and the technical ability of Siopskom users simultaneously affect the performance of AMC officers at Yogyakarta International Airport. Data analysis uses multiple linear so that it produces an f-count value of 24,944 Ftable 0.263 and a significance of 000 0.05.

Results of study of environmental noise before, during and after COVID-19 period in conditions of Samara region of Russia and approaches to noise reduction

The acoustical pollution in conditions of urban territories is rapidly increasing and causing a negative impact to the population and to the staff of industrial enterprises. The sources of environmental noise generations are analyzed. Transport and industrial plants may be considered as the main noise sources in the city environment. New results of research of environmental noise in urban conditions before, during and after COVID-19 period on the Samara region of Russia are presented. Experimental results of noise measurements caused by traffic movement and industrial enterprises operation are discussed. Comparison of results of environmental noise measurements in urban conditions before and during COVID-19 period shows that transport noise level was reduced, but the industrial noise level was almost the same, especially in low frequency range. Approaches to reduction of increased environmental noise levels in urban conditions are suggested.

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Layanan Jalan Tol Bakauheni-Terbanggi Besar (Bakter)

The Bakter Toll Road, which is managed by PT. Hutama Karya is a freeway that connects traffic movements between cities and provinces. The Bakter Toll Road has been operating for more than 3 years. However, so far no research has been conducted on whether the Bakter toll road has met the expectations of its users. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct a study on the analysis of road service satisfaction related to the services it provides. The data used are in the form of questionnaire data, observations of available toll road facilities, and data from related agencies. Sampling for the questionnaire used purposive sampling to 306 respondents online and offline. Based on the results of the analysis using the factor analysis method regarding the factors that influence the service performance of the Bakauheni-Terbanggi Besar toll road, it is known that there are 3 influencing factors, namely the facility factor 9.83 (44.68%), service factor 2.71 (12.32%) ) and a traffic flow performance factor of 1.42 (6.43%).

A decoding-based method for fast background filtering of roadside LiDAR data

This study is part of an investigation on application of LiDAR sensors to roadside to create a human-in-the-loop system that actively protects all road users, especially pedestrians and cyclists. The primary challenge for implementing such a system in the field is its computational efficiency. Unlike on-board LiDAR sensors used in autonomous vehicles, roadside applications must perform complete background filtering and monitor entire real-time traffic movements. This paper presents an innovative method for fast filtering background objects from roadside LiDAR data and demonstrates its capabilities to achieve higher accuracy, faster processing speed, and require less data storage. The proposed method is innovative in that it embeds background filtering within the decoding process to exclude irrelevant information, thus saving computational expense on analyzing background points that are not of interest. A 2D channel-azimuth background table is generated by learning the critical distance information of both static and dynamic backgrounds, which is more accurate than traditional background models that only focus on static backgrounds. Performance measurements and comparison analysis were conducted using data from our testbeds and open source. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the new method achieves faster processing speed (0.65 ms/frame and 0.90 ms/frame) and requires less data storage (225 KB and 450 KB memory) when processing 16- and 32-laser LiDAR data collected at 10 Hz.

Urban Regeneration: Search for Identity in the Historic Core–A Case of Hassan City

Urban Regeneration seeks to bring about appropriate guided transformations in the physical, social, economic and environmental contexts of the city that has deteriorated over a period of time. The historic core of the city is one such place that gets worn out, disguised and ultimately destroyed. This collective asset of the city and its community is valuable, needs to be recognised, restored and managed. The case of each Indian city is such that it presents a unique character, hence demands unique intervention. The present article focuses on a small city of Hassan, in the state of Karnataka, India. The historic core of the city is centred on community living, and traditional occupations, dotted with temples marked by local fairs and festivals, presently endangered with traffic movement, parking, inappropriate land uses and the like. The proposal aims at restoration of the historic glory of the city based on a careful analysis of the existing situation and opportunities available. A holistic intervention approach proposed is based on the internal–external factor evaluation, and the prioritization matrix. The work presented can be a model for urban regeneration intervention that can be replicated contextually in the urban historic core of any small city across the globe.

Research on Adaptive Cruise Systems Based on Adjacent Vehicle Trajectory Prediction

Vehicles in the adjacent lane making abrupt lane changes is a common and frequent action during traffic movement. Being aware of adjacent vehicles ahead of time, determining their cut-in intention, monitoring their cut-in trajectory in real time, and actively adjusting following speed are all critical for adaptive cruise systems for vehicles. This study proposes a flexible following-factor-calculation approach that considers the driver’s willingness to take risks for the purpose of identifying cut-in intent, predicting trajectory, and narrowing the window for following cruise speed adjustment to improve passenger ride comfort. To begin, a lane-change trajectory prediction algorithm based on driver adventitious factor correction is proposed in order to correctly predict the lane-change trajectory of adjacent vehicles in urban road traffic scenarios. Second, the flexible following factor and the flexible switching factor of the following target are constructed to overcome the influence of the uncertainty caused by internal and external disturbances on the vehicle following the motion process, and to reduce the impact of cut-in events on passenger comfort. An anti-disturbance rejection control and an adaptive cruise controller based on the vehicle’s longitudinal inverse dynamics model are proposed in order to compensate for and suppress the internal perturbations caused by the vehicle’s internal parameter changes and the random disturbances caused by external road environment changes. The results of simulation and real-world testing showed an average of 28% improvement in passenger comfort.

PENGAWASAN UNIT APRON MOVEMNT CONTROL (AMC) TERHADAP DISIPLIN PENGGUNA JASA DI BANDAR UDARA KOMODO LABUAN BAJO

Apron Movement Control (AMC) is an airport personnel who has a license and rating to carry out supervision of order, safety of traffic movements on the apron, ensure the cleanliness of the apron area and determine aircraft parking. One of the aims of the supervision carried out by Apron Movement Control (AMC) is to create discipline for service users in flight activities. The purpose of this study was to find out how the Apron Movement Control unit supervises service user discipline and how the Apron Movement Control unit disciplines service users at Komodo Airport Labuan Bajo. 
 This research is a qualitative research using primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The observation is to conduct a review or direct observation on the AMC unit. Interviews in this study were 2 AMC personnel. The documentation is taking data during observations and interviews, as well as taking pictures during field activities. 
 The results of this study can be concluded that the supervision of the AMC unit on the discipline of service users is to supervise all operational activities on the apron such as supervision of the speed of GSE vehicles and also officers' vehicles, supervision of the mobility of people or passengers, supervision of equipment that must be used by officers such as safety vests, supervision of engine running up, supervision during refuelling, and also supervision of the cleanliness of the apron area. The way the AMC unit disciplines service users on the air side (apron) is to supervise all mobility of people/passengers, then for Ground Handling officers if they violate the rules, they must take action from AMC. The action taken is a direct warning to the person concerned and if the warning is given to the same person three times, then the airport is revoked or detained, so that the person concerned is not allowed or prohibited to work in the apron area or in the air side area

Systemwide Identification of Signal Retiming Opportunities with Connected Vehicle Data to Reduce Split Failures

Road networks are significantly affected by traffic signal operations, which contribute from 5% to 10% of all traffic delay in the U.S.A. It is important for agencies to be able to systematically monitor traffic signal performance and have procedures to identify locations as proactively as possible where the redistribution of green time has the greatest potential of reducing congestion. Currently, Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures (ATSPMs) require extensive communication networks and detectors on all phases at each intersection to effectively monitor the traffic signal performance for every traffic movement. This study utilizes commercially available connected vehicle (CV) trajectory data to identify overcapacity movements where there is availability of unused green time and no downstream blockage by an adjacent signal. Over 100 intersections, 400,000 trajectories, and 6,800,000 Global Positioning System points are evaluated using this method to prioritize signal retiming opportunities in a proposed Relative Performance Diagram (RPD) by assessing split failures and downstream blockage of all traffic movements. Out of the intersections identified as having opportunities for operational improvements, three were selected for retiming. A post-retiming review of the traffic signal performance measures showed up to 30% reductions in split failures, 53 s/veh reductions in control delay, and 21% increase in arrivals on green at the benefited movements. The techniques easily scale to any intersection where CV data is available without the need for vehicle detection or communication technology.

Estimating real-time crash risk at signalized intersections: A Bayesian Generalized Extreme Value approach

The current reactive road safety assessment cannot assess real-time crash risk at signalized intersections, and as such, the real-time risk mitigation strategies could not be developed. This shortcoming is mainly attributed to a lack of a proper methodological framework that could reveal insights into the real-time crash risk using the crash signatures or precursor of crashes, otherwise known as traffic conflicts, near misses, or surrogate safety measures. This study proposes a traffic conflict-based crash estimation technique to estimate real-time crash risk at signalized intersections. In particular, a Bayesian modeling framework is employed to estimate crash risk in real-time from traffic conflicts identified by modified time-to-collision (MTTC). A Block Maxima approach corresponding to generalized extreme value distribution is used to identify traffic extremes at a micro (i.e., traffic signal cycle) level. Then, the traffic flow at the signal cycle level is included as a covariate in the model to explain time-varying crash risk across different cycles. The unobserved heterogeneity associated with the crash risk of different cycles is also addressed within the Bayesian framework. The proposed framework is tested using a total of 96 h of traffic movement video data from a signalized intersection in Queensland, Australia. A comparison between the estimated crashes and the historical crash records demonstrates the suitability of the developed model for crash risk estimations. The crash risk of each signal cycle is identified by generating a different generalized extreme value distribution for each traffic signal cycle. Further statistical analyses reveal that crash risk varies within the different periods of a typical day, with higher crash risks found during the morning and evening peak periods. This study concludes the efficacy of the proposed real-time framework in estimating the rear-end crash risk at the micro-level, allowing proactive safety management and the development of risk mitigation strategies.

Design of Traffic Intersection

bstract: Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country. Traffic congestion is a major problem due to the unexpected growth of private vehicles in a country. The intersection is the most important part in any highway, Because the traffic congestion is due to this. An intersection is defined as the general area where two or more highways join or cross, within which are included the roadway and roadside facilities for traffic movements in that area. In this project, an intersection at Tirupur was taken for analysis. All the necessary traffic parameters of the intersection was collected and analyzed. The intersection is designed as per IRC standards ensuring safe and efficient movement of vehicles at intersection

Software Defined Networking Based Detection of DDoS Attacks

Software-defined networking (SDN) separates network management from data-traffic routes. More businesses are adopting it because of its flexibility, adaptability, and ability to improve traffic movement. SDN, or security-by-design, might be a desirable alternative for securing networks. While there have been many advancements in SDN technology, it is still susceptible to DDoS assaults. The growing frequency and scope of DDoS attacks pose a threat to network security, despite the availability of various methods for detecting and countering such attacks. There are two main methods to spot a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack: signature recognition and abnormality detection. When personal characteristics such as fingerprints or iris scans are used to verify identity. Anomaly-based detection, which relies on network behavior, employs machine learning methods. We present a strategy for SDNs to identify DDoS assaults in this article. In the proposed architecture, DDoS attacks are detected using the Advanced Support Vector Machine (ASVM) technique. When compared to the SVM method, ASVM has the benefit of significantly less testing and training time. To evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested system, we use the Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) method of measuring human error.

Innovations and challenges in design and construction of underground Mumbai Metro Line 3 – Lot UG‐04 and UG‐06

AbstractIndia is well on its way to create a world‐class Mass Rapid Transport system environment as an integral part of community infrastructure development. Mumbai Metro Line 3 is one such project being constructed in Mumbai city. It comprises 33.5 km‐long underground metro corridor running along Colaba to Bandra to Santacruz Electronic Export Processing Zone. It includes 27 stations (26 underground and 1 at grade), depot and associated twin‐tube tunnel. Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., an affiliate organisation of Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, is responsible for the implementation of the project. Excavation and tunnelling works posed significant challenges as they cross densely inhabited zones of Mumbai. There were several buildings which were old and in delicate condition, many of which were heritage structures. In Mumbai – being a coastal city – the water table is almost at ground level which added to complications. There were several utilities, many of which were lifeline utilities, which could not be diverted or even closed, thus requiring support during excavation. Likewise, ensuring traffic movement with minimal disruptions with enormous excavation works for the project required several innovative solutions. Other criticalities included low overburden to the existing flyovers and to the air traffic control tower as well as saving a 100 year‐old banyan tree.