Traffic Inconvenience Research Articles

The Diagnosis and the Activation Plans on Reading of Family and Local Library

The purpose of this paper is to propose the actual condition of family and local library on reading and to propose the activation plans of reading in Korea. The survey was contucted on student, parents, and teachers. The survey included students and parents' reading hours, family reading obstacles, family reading activation requirements, local library usage frequency and purpose of use and disability requirements, and local community reading activation requirements. As a result of the study, students answered 0.76 hours per week and parents 1.42 hours per week, and students were short of books to read, and parents were short of time to read books. For the obstacles to home reading education, parents cited a lack of time for their children, lack of expertise in reading guidance, and lack of time for parents. In order to revitalize home reading, students were most hoping to secure the books they wanted to read, and parents said they should secure time to read. On the other hand, due to the status of community-linked reading, it was investigated that students visit local libraries about 2.26 times a week. As for the obstacles to the use of local libraries, students, teachers, and parents all cited the inconvenience of transportation as a priority. On the other hand, students visited to the local library is to approximately 2.26 times a week. As barriers to use the local library, students, teachers, and parents commonly cited as traffic inconvenience. Wishes to use the local library to enable ease of transport also cited as a priority. As a way to activating home reading, it was requested in the order of securing time to read books, securing books you want to read, and reading activities with your family. As a way to activating the use of local libraries, convenient transportation systems for library use, book equipment suitable for interest and interest, and recommendations of good book appeared in order. Based on these results, this paper suggested the strategies to activate reading.

Factors Influencing Delayed Treatment in Patients With Breast Cancer During COVID-19 Pandemic.

BackgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has endangered human health and life. This pandemic has changed people's lifestyle and affected the regular delivery of standard cancer treatment. In the present study, we aimed to explore the influencing factors of delayed treatment in patients with breast cancer during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional investigation, and the subjects were patients who were discharged from the department of burn and plastic surgery after February 2020. All participants completed this study's online questionnaire based on the WeChat and Wenjuanxing platforms. Levels of anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients were divided into a delay group and non-delay group according to the occurrence of delayed treatment. Univariate analysis was performed by using the t test or chi-square test. A logistic regression model was employed to determine factors associated with delayed treatment.ResultsThe present study included a total of 397 patients with breast cancer, among whom delayed treatment occurred in 76 patients, accounting for 19.1%. Scores on both the anxiety subscale and depression subscale in delay group were significantly higher than those in non-delay group. Compared with non-delay group, we found that patients in delay group usually had a higher level of education (P = 0.020), worse self-feeling (P = 0.030), poor compliance of medical order (P = 0.042), and a higher prevalence of anxiety (P = 0.004) and depression (P = 0.012). Traffic inconvenience was also an important relevant factor for delayed treatment (P = 0.001). The prevalence of recurrence in delay group was higher than that in non-delay group (P = 0.018). By using logistic multivariate regression analysis, the results revealed that level of education and traffic inconvenience were independent factors influencing delayed treatment in patients with breast cancer during COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionThe prevalence of delayed treatment in patients with breast cancer during COVID-19 pandemic is relatively high. Our findings reveal several influencing factors closely associated with delayed treatment, which is useful information that will be beneficial for patients to receive standardized therapy by taking targeted measures.

Comparative analysis of infrared thermography processing techniques for roadways’ sub-pavement voids detection

Roadways' sub-pavement voids caused by eroded soil through damaged culverts lead to safety hazards, traffic inconvenience, and expensive repairs. Infrared thermography (IRT) could help to identify those voids before the structural integrity of roadway pavements is compromised. However, IRT suffers from poor signal-to-noise ratio. This study implements the use of three advanced image-processing techniques to increase the accuracy of IRT in detecting voids underneath a roadway. A comparison between R2-based analysis, principal component thermography (PCT), and sparse principal component thermography (S-PCT) is presented and validated through extensive tests on a laboratory-scale section of a roadway. Results show pros and cons of the three techniques and how S-PCT allows determining the physical size of sub-pavement voids with an accuracy above 95%. This research provides the foundation for comparing advanced image-processing techniques that can progress the use of IRT as a more accurate and cost-effective nondestructive evaluation method for roadways’ condition monitoring.

Secure Estimation and Attack Isolation for Connected and Automated Driving in the Presence of Malicious Vehicles

Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) rely on the correctness of position and other vehicle kinematics information to fulfill various driving tasks such as vehicle following, lane change, and collision avoidance. However, a malicious vehicle may send false sensor information to the other vehicles intentionally or unintentionally, which may cause traffic inconvenience or loss of human lives. Here, we take the advantage of vehicular cloud and increase the resilience of CAVs to malicious vehicles by assuming each vehicle shares its local sensor information with other vehicles to create information redundancy on the cloud side. We exploit this redundancy and propose a sensor fusion algorithm for the vehicular cloud, capable of providing robust state estimation of all vehicles under the condition that the number of malicious information is sufficiently small. Using the proposed estimator, we provide an algorithm for isolating malicious vehicles. We use numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of our methods.

Tracking spatio-temporal variation of geo-tagged topics with social media in China: A case study of 2016 hefei rainstorm

Tracking how discussion geotagged topics evolve over time in social media has the potential to provide emergency information in natural disasters. In the traditional evolution of social media topics of disaster events, there are some problems, such as the topic of spatial subcategory aggregation is rarely discussed. Due to the behavior patterns of the focus groups in disaster events, it is inevitable to focus on the transfer and evolution of the focus topics of individuals in different periods before, during and after the disaster. In this study, we establish a framework to collect social media data from Sina Weibo, extract and analyze valuable information for emergency management. By using the case of 2016 Hefei rainstorm and flood disaster in China, this paper proposes a novel attempt to introduce latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model into density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) for exploring topics of spatial sub-categories, and quantitatively analyze the temporal evolution characteristics of fine-grained topics related to natural disasters by combining LDA topics and Markov transition probability matrix. The results indicate that before the rainstorm, people are advised to prepare for rainy travel, and they show attention for traffic inconvenience caused by pavement flooding. During the rainstorm, the continuous rainfall has had a serious impact on the traffic situation between Hefei and other cities. Floods broke out in certain areas, and the action of flood fighting and rescue is imminent. After the rainstorm, the weather gradually improved, and post-disaster reconstruction is particularly important. This study has the potential to promote effective policies and will allow decision-makers to respond quickly in the mitigation of damage caused by natural disasters.

Mobility of Elderly People in Areas with Traffic Inconvenience, and Desirable Outing Support Measures

Mobility of Elderly People in Areas with Traffic Inconvenience, and Desirable Outing Support Measures

Real-World Outcomes of High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: Retrospective Analysis of Cams&pumc

OBJECTIVE:To record and describe the current status of real world treatment and outcome of patients with high risk multiple myeloma by retrospective ,single-center, non-interventional, observational studyMETHODS:The data were collected from the CAMS&PUMC estimated real-world outcomes in high-risk multiple myeloma patients between January 2013 to June 2017.RESULTS:A total of 160 patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 1 case discontinued treatment with complications. 52 cases had not received standardized first-line treatment (9 cases of traffic inconvenience, 40 cases were unable to bear treatment costs, and 3 cases were refused consolidation / maintenance therapy after induction). In 107 patients received standardized treatment, the median age 56 years (31-77), 37 and 70 did and did not undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT) at any time during treatment, respectively. In these 37 patients, 4 patients received double auto stem cell transplantation(ASCT), 2 cases of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), and the other 31 received single ASCT. Immunological subtype IgA was found in 21 cases (19.6%), IgG in 42 cases (39.3%), IgD in 18 cases (16.8%), and light chain in 23 cases (21.4%), non secretory 3 cases(2.8%).The proportion of IgD subtypes was significantly higher than that of MM patients in the same period (5.8%).Non parosteal extramedullary myeloma was found in 24 cases (22.4%), primary plasma cell leukemia in 12 cases (11.2%). 9.3%(10 cases) of the patients had received bortezomib-based therapy without thalidomide/lenalidomide, 8.4%(9 cases) had received thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy without bortezomib, and 82.2%(88 cases) had received bortezomib plus thalidomide/ lenalidomide-based therapy as frontline treatment, respectively. After a median follow-up of 22.31 months, the median disease-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 28.52 and 48.10 months, respectively. Although there was no difference in OS between the treatment regimens, the SCT group had a better survival benefit than the non SCT group. The median PFS in the two group was 46.78 months vs 24.84 months (p=0.037), the SCT group had not reached the median OS, but the median OS in the non SCT group was 43.30 months, and the SCT group could obtain longer survival time than the non SCT group, p=0.012.However, the PFS of single, double and allo-SCT in the SCT group was 46.78, 19.32 and 54.51 months respectively (P single vs double = 0.770, P single vs allo = 0.547, P double vs allo = 0.317), and the three subgroups had not reached the median OS.CONCLUSION:The results of our study suggest that there are significant differences in the treatment regimen used in the real world for the therapy of high risk MM. About 1/3 of high-risk MM patients can not adhere to the standard treatment. Patients who received transplantation were only 34.6% of the patients in the standard treatment. Patients with high-risk MM who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can obtain longer remission time and have significant survival benefits even in the novel drugs era. This diversity provides references for treatment recommendations. Moreover, our results provide real world data for clinical benefits. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Study on Speeding up the Construction of Shandong Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Base

As an important part of manufacturing base, Shandong petroleum equipment manufacturing base occupies 1/3 market share in our country. In the past ten years, the construction of Shandong petroleum equipment manufacturing base has made great progress under the joint efforts, and this base gradually become the backbone of the Dongying and even the whole Yellow River delta. However, compared with the whole construction of the efficient ecological economic zone and the strategic target of "Oriental Houston", the construction of Shandong petroleum equipment manufacturing industry base is a long way to go. The main reasons are late start, remote location, traffic inconvenience, poor technical conditions, poor ecological environment and so on. In the face of reality, we must take a series of effective measures to speed up the construction of Shandong petroleum equipment manufacturing base from the strategic height of the rise of entire Yellow River Delta.

Negative psychological state analysis and nursing of young and middle aged families of acute myocardial infarction patient

Objective To explore the young and middle-aged families psychological status of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods A total of 120 families of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who admitted in our hospital from 2011 to 2013, and the families were divided into experimental group and control group. All patients of two groups were used the self-evaluation of anxiety scale (SAS), depression self rating scale (SDS) questionnaire after different interventions in two groups. We analyzed the families′ anxiety and depression influencing factors and compared the SAS, SDS, HAMS and HAMD scores in two groups. Results Within group comparison: in both groups, each index of the third day of admission were significantly lower than those on admission day (P 0.05); but the difference had statistical significance at third days and seventh days in each index value of two groups (P<0.05). Each index of third days and seventh days in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Factors that cause anxiety in patients′ families included concerning about the health of patients, family economic difficulties, families′ work affected, unbearable physical strength and energy, to understand patient′s condition, treatment and prognosis, eager to know disease-associated knowledge, first aid knowledge under emergency situation, traffic inconvenience and so on. Conclusions The psychological nursing should be paid attention on patients′ relatives by four-dimensional innovation service model to guide nursing service, so as to reduce medical dispute, indirectly encourage patients and promote patients recovery early. Key words: Myocardial infarction; Young and middle ages; Patients′ families; Four dimensional innovation model; Negative psychology

2A1-H04 アクセシビリティを考慮した交通弱者支援シティコミュータの研究開発

These days, population outflows increase from the district to the urban area by the opening to traffic of the expressway. By a population outflow, a traffic inconvenience area occurred in each place of the whole country in the district. In addition, The vehicle that has been being produced for elderly person until now has some problems such as heavyweight, expensive cost, and it is difficult to move when the battery gave out, so only some people is able to purchase it. Besides, although a power-assisted bicycle is light and able to move even out of battery, it can be used on only roads for the size, not sidewalk, so the risk of accidents is increased. Therefore, this paper explains about the research and development of vulnerable road users support city commuter with excellent accessibility as new mobility turning into existing transportation.

The Research on Area Classification in Intercity Rail Traffic Forecast Based on Cluster Analysis

With the rapid development of social economy, China has sped up urbanization and motorization, as thus the intercity rail transport has become an important means to solve the traffic inconvenience. Traffic distribution forecasting is the second stage of Four-Stage Predict Method. To make the trip distribution forecasting fully reflect the impact of socioeconomic and land use, this paper builds a generalized cost calculation model by fitting the areas based on cluster analysis, and the generalized cost is applied to Gravity Model as traffic impedance, which improves the forecast accuracy to some extent. Finally, taking Nanchang-Jiujiang intercity railway as the empirical analysis sample, the result obtained shows the practicality and simplicity of the method.

The influence factors and strategies of reconstruction timing of pacing system

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate what factors affect reconstruction timing of pacing system, and to explore how to optimise reconstruction timing of pacing system. The study will provide a new...

Multifaceted public outreach and cost–benefit analysis for its effectiveness validation

A heavily trafficked 4.5km highway stretch on Interstate 15 east of Los Angeles was rebuilt using two extended closures, each spanning nine days with 24/7 operations. Before and during the closures, a multifaceted, extensive, dynamic public outreach programme was implemented to gain public support for the project and to minimize inconvenience to the public. That outreach programme is described, its overall effectiveness in terms of total net benefit and traffic inconvenience during lane closures is assessed, and changes in public perception of the accelerated construction strategy resulting from the outreach programme is examined. Pre‐ and post‐construction surveys performed using the project website mirrored the findings of the traffic measurement study, indicating that the outreach programme effectively reduced traffic demand. The results of two web‐based surveys with a combined total of approximately 400 respondents indicated a dramatic change in public perception of the accelerated construction strategy. The survey results showed that strong initial objection to the accelerated project eventually became supportive of future, accelerated projects. The cost–benefit analysis showed that the additional cost of the outreach programme was outweighed by the savings achieved from reduced road user delay costs.

Fast-Track Urban Freeway Rehabilitation with 55-H Weekend Closures: I-710 Long Beach Case Study

As an asphalt concrete demonstration project implemented under the California Department of Transportation's Long-Life Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies program, a 4.4 km stretch of Interstate-710 I-710 in Long Beach was successfully rehabilitated during eight repeated 55-h extended weekend closures using around-the-clock construction operations and counterflow traffic. This case study documented the accelerated rehabilitation process, assessed traffic impacts, and compared collected productivity data. Compared to the productivity rates of traditional nighttime closures, the 55-h weekend closures effectively reduced the construction duration and the overall traffic inconvenience. Noticeable improvement learning-curve effect in the contractor's production rates was observed as the weekend closures were repeated. As a result of a significant 38% traffic demand reduction through the work zone, the traffic impact of construction closures was tolerable to the extent that traffic was in free-flow condition throughout the highway network. This case study will be useful for transportation agencies and contractors in developing integrated construction and traffic management plans for urban freeway rehabilitation projects to maximize pavement life expectancy and construction productivity while minimizing agency and road user costs.

Application of Polypropylene Fiber Concrete in Bridge Deck Pavement

The Badong highway bridge over the Yangtze River is a grand bridge in Enshi, Hubei Province of China. Its deck pavement consists of C40 polypropylene fiber concrete, 100 millimeters thick. Experiments show that C40 concrete incorporating polypropylene fibers at dosage of 1.35 kg/m3 has the excellent properties against cracking, permeation, impact, wearing, etc. Thus polypropylene fiber concrete as deck pavement can extend service life of the deck and decrease the maintenance cost and traffic inconvenience for reparation. It can be widely applied in construction of deck pavement and road pavement.

Planning Urban Highway Reconstruction with Traffic Demand Affected by Construction Schedule

This paper introduces an integrated approach to the development of construction and traffic management plans for the reconstruction of high-volume urban freeways. The Devore project, which rebuilds a 4.2 km stretch of the deteriorated concrete pavement (truck lanes) on Interstate-15 (I-15) in San Bernardino County in southern California, is used as a case study. Alternative closure timing, closure duration, and number of closed lanes were compared to identify the best rehabilitation strategy for the Devore reconstruction project. The perspectives of construction schedule, traffic inconvenience (road user cost and maximum delay), and agency costs were considered. The analysis concluded that full closure of one roadbed with counter-flow traffic during repeated three or four continuous weekdays, utilizing round-the-clock reconstruction operations, was the best strategy for both the public and the sponsoring agency. A delay in the start of construction from Spring to Fall 2004 is expected to cause a 5% seasonal traffic increase, which will result in a $4.5 million increase in road user cost and a 20% increase in maximum queue delay per closure.

Knowledge-Based Scheduling Analysis Software for Highway Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Projects

Most of California's highway infrastructure was built between 1955 and 1970. These pavements had 20-year design lives, and many now require frequent maintenance. In 1998, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) launched the Long-Life Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies (LLPRS) program to rebuild approximately 2,800 lane kilometers of high-traffic-volume urban freeway in the 78,000-lane kilometer state highway network over a 10-year period. Priorities identified for the successful implementation of LLPRS projects are the selection of construction schedules and the development of traffic management plans that minimize road user and agency costs. This paper presents a construction simulation program called CA4PRS (Construction Analysis for Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies). The program was developed as a scheduling and production analysis tool for LLPRS projects for use during the planning and design stages. CA4PRS estimates the optimized distance and duration of highway rehabilitation projects. It takes into account the constraints of scheduling interfaces, pavement design, lane closure tactics, and contractor logistics. As a knowledge-based computer system on a Microsoft Access database, it uses Monte Carlo simulation, critical path method analysis, and linear scheduling. CA4PRS is designed to help highway agencies and paving contractors make construction schedule decisions that balance rehabilitation productivity, traffic inconvenience, and agency cost. Application of the CA4PRS model to urban freeway rehabilitation projects in California, including the I-10 Pomona, I-710 Long Beach, and I-15 Devore projects, has demonstrated its value in saving millions of dollars for both Caltrans and road users.