Traffic Control Program Research Articles

Smart fuzzy logic-based model of traffic light management

Traffic congestion difficulties have resulted in low productivity, significant air pollution, and energy losses in Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria. The paper looked at the design of a smart fuzzy logic traffic light management module, the development of a traffic control program using an Arduino microcontroller system, and the validation of the developed program's functionality using a Proteus circuit model to confirm the efficiency of fuzzy signal control. The traffic light environment of a fuzzy logic controller is simulated using Matlab software, and isolated traffic of multiple junctions is simulated using the Sumo Urban Mobility Simulation (SUMO) environment. The performance of the traditional fixed-time controller vs the fuzzy logic traffic light controller is examined. To allocate pedestrian crossing the right of way, traffic light systems function in tandem with pedestrian displays. The simulation results indicated that the overall durations for the fixed traffic light controller and suggested smart fuzzy logic traffic light controller simulations are 1,426 seconds and 1,328 seconds, respectively. The results also showed that the suggested smart fuzzy logic traffic light controller recorded significant waiting and movement times, indicating its standard appropriateness for Owerri city's various crossings.

ANALYSIS AND FEATURES OF TRAFFIC MONITORING SOFTWARE

The article discusses the main capabilities of traffic control programs. Sending too many Internet connection packets can result in heavy Internet traffic, which can lead to bottlenecks or network congestion. Meanwhile, operations between communication devices are also affected and slowed down. The main problem is that the growth of Internet traffic increases dramatically, and on the other hand, the Internet connection always has a finite bandwidth for data flow and can only support a certain number of packets at a time. Sending too many packets at once over an Internet connection is difficult because sending too many packets at once can lead to heavy Internet traffic that can become a bottleneck or cause network congestion. Meanwhile, transactions between communication devices are also affected and slowed down, which ultimately leads to Internet congestion and network service degradation. Effective congestion management is one of the most important issues in managing Internet traffic. The new algorithmic congestion prevention model will improve performance and network utilization by making TCP a more flexible and efficient protocol with a new preemptive approach. Traffic control programs are the primary application of a computer engineer. The entire world is interconnected by a vast network of routers, switches, servers, and consumers, and so many devices and packets need to be controlled. That is why the basic principle of traffic control was created. Thanks to such programs, there is a stable traffic and network. The future of today’s Internet is the adaptation of cloud computing, 3D technologies, the Internet of Things, global communication, distributed computing, wireless media, and high-definition multimedia broadcasting over the Internet. To manage sustainable and efficient Internet traffic, a systematic approach to planning, testing, and maintaining its behavioral mechanism is desirable to avoid network congestion and ensure uninterrupted data transmission. Effective congestion management is one of the most important problems of internet traffic management efficiency that needs to be solved. The main way to solve the problem is to use traffic control programs. Effective means that the control mechanism must also ensure the proper level of use of network resources, which is a fundamental condition for ensuring the profitability of work. It was found that the reason for the use of traffic control is the increase in the use of Internet resources – therefore, the use of programs is necessary for successful traffic control.

Design for traffic light control program based on increment and comparison instruction

The traffic light procedure is a classical case using in the plc. It is commonly used for Timers and Step Ladder instruction (STL) to implement in reality. It has a complicated procedure with a low implementing rate. This article uses the increment and the comparison instructions to implement. In concert with the s7-1200 as the design background, the portal software can help the procedures become more straightforward and flexible.

A new evaluation model for uncertain traffic pollution control planning under the risk attitudes of the decision maker

The purpose of this work is to address a new multi-attribute decision making evaluation model for uncertain traffic pollution control program, by considering the preference of each decision maker to different programs. An interval mapping function was introduced to specify the risk attitudes of the decision maker, which can dissect the original problem to decision problems of traditional values. The proposed model can quantitatively analyze how the risk attitudes of the decision makers affect efficiency ranking for different plans. Case studies performed on the four plans showed that the optimistic ranking of the four plans is the same as that of the neutral situation, but there is a significant difference with the results of pessimistic situation.

Traffic Control Models Based on Cellular Automata for At-Grade Intersections in Autonomous Vehicle Environment

Autonomous vehicle is able to facilitate road safety and traffic efficiency and has become a promising trend of future development. With a focus on highways, existing literatures studied the feasibility of autonomous vehicle in continuous traffic flows and the controllability of cooperative driving. However, rare efforts have been made to investigate the traffic control strategies in autonomous vehicle environment on urban roads, especially in urban intersections. In autonomous vehicle environment, it is possible to achieve cooperative driving with V2V and V2I wireless communication. Without signal control, conflicted traffic flows could pass intersections through mutual cooperative, which is a remarkable improvement to existing traffic control methods. This paper established a cellular automata model with greedy algorithm for the traffic control of intersections in autonomous vehicle environment, with autonomous vehicle platoon as the optimization object. NetLogo multiagent simulation platform model was employed to simulate the proposed model. The simulation results are compared with the traffic control programs in conventional Synchro optimization. The findings suggest that, on the premises of ensuring traffic safety, the control strategy of the proposed model significantly reduces average delays and number of stops as well as increasing traffic capacity.

MMPI Profiles of the Students Who Applied and Won Air Traffic Control and Pilot Training Programs at Anadolu University

Psychological tests special for measuring the fitness of candidates who want to become a pilot haven’t been developed yet. Correspondingly MMPI tests have been using for this purpose. In this research MMPI test is administered to 248 candidates who passed the elimination examination for “air traffic control” and “pilot training” departments of Anadolu University, Aviation Vocational High School in the years of 2004, 2005, and 2006. The aim of the study is to compare the students who passed the all examination and those who failed at some point of the examinations according to the 13 sub tests scores taken from MMPI test. According to the result; at the sub tests of PT (psikasteni), Mf (male- female), SC (schizophrenia) and MA (hipo-mania) scores of men are higher than the women.

Green wave traffic control system optimization based on adaptive genetic-artificial fish swarm algorithm

The urban green wave traffic control system is one of the effective means to solve the problems of urban traffic jams and reduce vehicle delay. Aiming at the problems of traditional green wave traffic control in optimization computation, this paper introduces the adaptive mechanism and crossover, mutation operators to artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) in order to adjust the evolution group. Through setting bulletin board measure and retention strategy, the individual status of the optimal artificial fish is recorded. In that way, the adaptive genetic AFSA is established. Finally, the paper applies this algorithm to green wave traffic control in five continuous intersections on Jianning Road, Lanzhou, China, gains one traffic control program better than traditional method through calculation, and verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of adaptive genetic-AFSA to optimize green wave traffic control system.

Aircrafts Monitoring and Early Warning Based on Air Traffic Complexity Measure Analysis

This paper studied air traffic complexity by the theory of complex analysis. The calculation system of air traffic complexity measure and the robustness analysis of air traffic flow were proposed. When the aircraft influenced the air traffic flow complexity mostly, the flight warning system began to work. This paper discussed the theory of the monitor- ing and early warning based on the complexity of air traffic complexity measure analysis. The studies shown that the method provided in this paper could discern the state parameter associated through technical indicators from complex, un- certain data in the calculation of system complexity, and the research also pointed out the flights which had larger effects on the air traffic through robustness change. The researches show that the complexity theory proposed in this paper can carry on monitoring and early warning on flights through the complexity measure and the air traffic complexity analysis. Aerospace system is a classic complex giant system, which is composed of aerospace structure, air traffic flow consisting of aircraft in operation, air traffic control rules and programs, as well as management and controller' ability. The complexity of air traffic management is up to three factors: 1.The mutual influence among people, equipment, environ- ment and management; 2. Partial but not complete certainty of the system's condition during air traffic operation; 3. The difficulty of measuring data to evaluate the system objective- ly, which needs more than qualitative analysis based on ex- perts' research and scoring as well as flight statistics. The complexity of air traffic is a quantitative result under the interaction between aircraft-consisted air traffic flow and aerospace structure. The management of air traffic complexi- ty is a reliable method to handle comparative intense air traf- fic in order to identify the complicated air traffic condition and take effective actions including operation programs to scale down the complexity to an acceptable range or level with key factors which matter to the detected complexity. Based on that, it is a significant problem that how to quantify the predicted air traffic flow complexity.

Evaluation for Acquiring Method for Agents’ Actions Using Pheromone Communication in Multi-Agent System

This paper has presented acquiring method for agents' actions using Ant Colony System (ACS) in multi-agent system. ACS is one of powerful meta-heuristics algorithms and some researchers have reported the effectiveness of some applications with the algorithm. I have developed agents with proposed method in a multi-agent system. The final goal of this research is an achievement of co-operations for hetero-agent in multi-agent systems. In this research for implementation for one type of agents is the first step of this goal. Then I have reported results of evaluation experiments using these agents. Index Terms—Machine learning, multi-agent system, swarm intelligence, ant colony optimization. I. I NTRODUCTION Recently, some researchers have reported the effectiveness of systems installed swarm intelligence algorithms (1)-(3). Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Ant Colony System (ACS) have become a very successful and widely used in some applications. These algorithms have been used in programs for network routing, traffic control programs, Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and so on (4)-(6). In real ants' feeding actions, they are able to find the shortest path from a food source to their nest by pheromone information. Pheromone is one of chemical materials and ants deposit pheromone on a path between a food source to their nest and it become one candidate solution. In a case that other ants trail a path deposited pheromone, the candidate is reinforced. Moreover pheromone disappears into air as time progresses. Ants have done these processes iteratively. The behavior of real ants has inspired ACO and ACS. The system based on ACO and ACS are used artificial ants cooperate to the solution of a problem by exchanging information via pheromone.

The Legality of Parking Meter Ordinances and Permissible Use of Parking Meter Funds

ONE of the most critical problems facing cities today is that of proper traffic control and regulation. Because of the enormous increase in the number of registered motor vehicles within California, its cities have been particularly vexed.' The growth of vehicular traffic during the last decade throughout America caused most cities to enact ordinances regulating the length of time for parking in a given space. Practical enforcement of such regulations not only met with difficulty but also failed to furnish anticipated results. In 1936 the municipal authorities of Oklahoma City turned to the parking meter, hopeful of finding a solution to the downtown parking problem. Experience since that time has indicated that the parking meter is no panacea but is, nevertheless, a useful device greatly facilitating efficient traffic control and regulation. The primary purpose of the parking meter is to regulate auto parking in otherwise congested areas. A secondary but nonetheless important purpose is to provide necessary revenues to finance an adequate traffic control program.2 In the eleven years since their first

Study on Bi-Level Programming Model for Traffic Control on Massive Activities

In the massive activities of cities, rush hour is temporary while hot roads are congested seriously. Traffic flows are unbalanced severely in two aspects of time and space. Traffic control program is key point while few researches put emphasis upon it. In this paper, a bi-level programming model to make traffic control measure is brought forward. In upper level, providing key member with high transportation service is first thought over, and then the sum of travel delay of the masses and cost of traffic control is minimized. In lower level, evacuation delay of activities personnel is designed to ensure no traffic jam emerged. Rough set genetic algorithm is employed to solving bi-level programming problem in the paper, and an example of traffic control to massive activity verifies the validity of the proposed model.

자동차 부제에 의한 서울 대기오염 저감 효과 분석

이 논문에서는 최근 서울시에서 시행하고 있는 대기오염 개선을 위한 정책 중 하나인 승용차 요일제가 대기오염도 저감에 어느 정도 효과가 있는지를 밝히려고 하였다. 먼저, 승용차 요일제와 같은 형태인 차량 2부제의 효과에 대한 연구에서 서로 다른 결론을 내고 있는 두 논문 김철희 등(2005)과 Lee et al.(2005)을 분석해 보았다. 분석 결과, 언뜻 보기에 전혀 다른 결론을 내리고 있는 것 같았던 두 논문은 문제에 접근하는 시각이 달랐기 때문에 다른 결론에 이른 것일 뿐, 기본적으로 같은 사실에 동의하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 두 연구 모두 대기오염도는 오염물질의 배출량과 매일매일의 기상조건에 의해 결정된다는 사실이다. 가장 최근의 자동차 관련 자료를 활용하여 2002년도 차량 2부제 시행시, 서울에서의 배출량 변화를 계산하였다. 전체 배출량에 대해 이산화질소는 22.3%, 미세먼지는 5.5%, 아황산가스는 2.4% 저감되었다. 이러한 배출량의 저감이 대기 농도 변화에 미친 기여율을((배출량 변화/대기 농도변화)<TEX>$\times$</TEX>100로 정의) 계산한 결과 이산화질소 97%, 미세먼지 28%, 아황산가스 6%였다. 또한, 비산먼지 배출을 고려하여야 정확한 미세먼지 저감 영향을 산출할 수 있음을 알았다. To reduce the vehicular emissions of air pollutants, various traffic control programs (TCPs) have been used. In 2002, two TCPs have been implemented in Seoul and Busan, respectively. In this study, based on the study results on the effectiveness of the TCP in Seoul (Kim et al., 2005) and Busan (Lee et al., 2006), emission reduction by the TCP in Seoul was estimated and their contribution to the ambient air pollutants' concentrations was discussed. During the TCP period in 2002 at Seoul, emissions of air pollutants were reduced by 35% for CO and <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>, 80% for HC, 23% for <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX>, and 24% for <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX>. Vehicular emission reduction affected the ambient concentrations significantly for <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>. However, for <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX>, vehicular emission reduction did not affect the ambient concentration significantly. For <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX>, vehicular emission reduction did not affect the ambient concentration significantly if considering fugitive emissions.

New Method to Design Traffic Control Programs

A control structure shows the sequence of realization of all green phases. Often, control structures designed for fixed-time control are based only on the order of the critical conflict group. When applied to vehicle-actuated control, structures based only on the critical conflict group regularly lead to inefficient control structures. Because of its flexibility, vehicle-actuated control requires a different approach for designing control structures. This paper presents a design method based on combining maximum conflict groups (mutual conflicting streams), resulting in all possible control schemes. Based on volume and saturation flow rate and assuming a uniform arrival process, each control scheme has a specific minimum cycle length. By ordering a control scheme according to its minimum cycle length and its flexibility to adjust green periods to varying traffic demand, the designer is supported in the process of choosing the most appropriate control scheme. This method was recently implemented in the Traffic Control Program Generator design support program and is used for training practitioners. If the minimum cycle length is less than the accepted maximum cycle, volumes can be increased proportionally to find maximum extension green times. In the near future, the Dutch province of South Holland intends to implement this method in a controller to generate online the most suitable control structure and control parameters.

New Method to Design Traffic Control Programs

A control structure shows the sequence of realization of all green phases. Often, control structures designed for fixed-time control are based only on the order of the critical conflict group. When applied to vehicle-actuated control, structures based only on the critical conflict group regularly lead to inefficient control structures. Because of its flexibility, vehicle-actuated control requires a different approach for designing control structures. This paper presents a design method based on combining maximum conflict groups (mutual conflicting streams), resulting in all possible control schemes. Based on volume and saturation flow rate and assuming a uniform arrival process, each control scheme has a specific minimum cycle length. By ordering a control scheme according to its minimum cycle length and its flexibility to adjust green periods to varying traffic demand, the designer is supported in the process of choosing the most appropriate control scheme. This method was recently implemented in the Traffic Control Program Generator design support program and is used for training practitioners. If the minimum cycle length is less than the accepted maximum cycle, volumes can be increased proportionally to find maximum extension green times. In the near future, the Dutch province of South Holland intends to implement this method in a controller to generate online the most suitable control structure and control parameters.

Data sharing between ada and C/C++

The En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) program is a real-time Air Traffic Control (ATC) program being developed by Lockheed Martin Corporation. The ERAM program has high availability requirements, mission critical applications, and stringent response time requirements. The estimated size of the ERAM program is 1,300 KSLOC and includes primarily Ada, C, and C++ code. Legacy code being reused in ERAM is both Ada and C. This resulted in the need for several cross-language interfaces. Standard methods for passing binary data structures between the languages have been developed and will be discussed in this paper.

The Development and Evaluation of Metropolitan Toronto's Real Time Program for Computerized Traffic Control Devices

Under the tri-level sponsorship of the Canadian Federal Transportation Development Agency, the Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications and Metropolitan Toronto, the staff of the Metropolitan Toronto Roads and Traffic Department developed a computerized traffic signal control program capable of optimizing and implementing on line traffic signal splits, cycle lengths and offsets within 15 minute control periods. Prior to a detailed field evaluation, the various real time program components were subjected to sensitivity testing in order to ascertain their practicability within a real world environment. During the Fall of 1975 the on line and an optimized set of fixed time/time of day signal settings were evaluated in a suburban and a central area signal network within Metropolitan Toronto by collecting link traffic volume, travel time and delay data. This data served as the base for a series of comprehensive statistical analysis oriented towards an evaluation of network travel time and service rate and a link by link paired comparison.This statistical analysis indicated that the real time optimization program settings outperformed the fixed time time of day settings by 3.6 percent in the central area; whereas in the suburban area, the fixed time time of day settings were superior by 6.3 percent. Overall a number of areas in the real time program were identified for improvement; but more important the role of on-line responsive signal timing packages has been demonstrated for computerized traffic control applications.

The Use of Specialized Antenna Technology for Air Traffic Control and Communications

The implementation of new antenna techniques will contribute significantly to the success of air traffic control (ATC) and communication development programs. Three new antenna developments that incorporate advanced techniques are described, including an electronically scanned array for air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS), a hybrid-scan array for aircraft/satellite communications at SHF, and a small antenna for aircraft/satellite communications at UHF.

Computer center operation in a civil engineering establishment

It is said that in the office of a wise old programmer hangs the sign: “Anything you can do, I can do better. Anything I can do, you can do better, and anything I have done, I most certainly can do better”. With this premise in mind, we will try to capture some of the practices, management concepts and general operational procedures of computer use as practiced by various Civil Engineering concerns. Computer installation management may still be considered a relatively new ‘science’. Numerous articles have been written about it, but most of this information pertains to large installations and service bureaus. The Civil Engineering practitioner, however, because of his size, nature and diversification of his work and clientele does not fall within this category. The hour has come when the Civil Engineering profession must take hold of itself and review this phase of its practice. The ideas and concepts expressed by the author are not professed to be original or recommended as rules of practice. As a matter of fact, they may be considered of a rather pedestrian nature. They should, however, be considered as an opening thesis inviting all possible constructive criticism that will eventually lead to a mature and organized management approach. Among the topics to be discussed are the following: Computer justification Space requirements and physical planning Security precautions Open shop versus closed shop Priorities and scheduling Input preparation and processing Organization chart Personnel relations; Loafers Job description and qualification Computer room traffic control Program development policy Operational log Cost distribution and billing Pricing policies Credibility of computer aided engineering Professional and legal aspects.

Computer Generated Airport Noise Contours

Existing airport noise prediction programs are incapable of dealing with complex flight paths and normal dispersion of flight paths due to variations in aircraft gross weight or pilot technique. A computer program that is capable of handling these problems has been developed, using an air traffic control simulation program as its base. The original air traffic control program is capable of very accurate simulation of aircraft motion in an airspace, including random deviations from assigned parameters and automatic metering of traffic using holds, delaying turns, etc. A grid of noise measuring points, of arbitrary extent, is superimposed on the airspace and constant recording of aircraft noise at each location is simulated. At the end of a “run,” a contour plot of noise levels in the grid area is produced. Variations in traffic density, controller technique, traffic patterns, and runway use can be simulated, and the results of such variations conpared directly.

Modern Applications of Traffic Control Devices

Modern, uniform, traffic-control devices, including computer-directed signal systems, effective traffic signing, well-defined pavement markings, and modern street lighting, as an essential part of a city’s transportation system, are presented. Modern traffic control installations are as important as the basic structural and geometric design of the arterial itself. Traffic control programs should be given adequate budgets to insure that motorists are provided with the best level of service that can be obtained from a well-engineered total design. Traffic control systems should be given greater emphasis in the future, as most traffic and highway engineers now know and appreciate the importance of modern traffic control methods in developing safe and efficient city traffic systems.