Traffic Aircraft Research Articles

무인 항공기 교통관리 시스템(UTM)의 발전 방향에 관한 연구

무인 항공기 교통관리 시스템(UTM)의 발전 방향에 관한 연구

An ATC instruction processing-based trajectory prediction algorithm designing

The radiotelephony communication is a voice communication mode between air traffic service unit and aircraft currently. The control instruction is a kind of unstructured data, so that the automatic systems cannot use understand its semantic. If control instruction is regarded as a sort of special “natural language,” methods such as syntax analysis and sematic analysis can be adopted to generate the structured instruction. The correct recognition of the language must be important for the control instruction. However, the control instruction in Chinese is different from the general use of Chinese language in form, resulting in prepositions becoming important for semantic analysis. This paper proposes a deep neural network-based Chinese language control construction algorithm for the trajectory prediction. In particular, analysis of sematic characteristics of control instruction is realized by using cognitive linguistics theory and construction grammar theory. The control instruction is then designed by the semantic ontology. Based on the deep neural networks by considering the word sequence of instruction as the inputs. The test results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with a developed entity extracting model. (The results are quantified using the BiLSTM-LAN-CRF in detail.)

Using cognitive task similarities to compare UAS control station designs to air traffic control workstations: a pilot study

This study examines possible similarities between the cognitive tasks of air traffic control specialists (ATCS) and unmanned aircraft system (UAS) pilots as a pilot study to determine if the results from air traffic control (ATC) human factors research can be applied to the creation of Federal Aviation Administration UAS control station design standards. Ultimately, demonstrating such similarities in a pilot study could provide a safer and more cost-efficient avenue for UAS integration into the National Aerospace System as gaps in UAS research could then be filled by existing ATC studies rather than through the commissioning of new studies. In this study, an empirical analysis was conducted on possible similarities through an extensive literature review and a small population sampling. The results of this study support the existence of similarities between the cognitive tasks of ATCSs and UAS pilots; however, these findings are preliminary. Further research is needed to prove the applicability of ATC studies to UAS research.

Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Failure of PMSM Indicator based on Kalman Filtering in Operational Behavior

In the next twenty years traffic aircraft will be doubled. Thus, avionic devices will become more and more electric and the aircrafts become lighter in order to save more fuel. Thus, the more electric aircraft will face a great challenge that of the predictive maintenance of its electrical equipments. A key component of these devices is the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). In this article we are interested in one of the most recurrent failure of electric motor, that of the inter-turn short circuit failure. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to develop an interturn short-circuit sensitive indicator. It’s based on a linear Kalman filter for a healthy model to estimate residual voltage drops in the rotor reference (d,q). The proposed study shows a high sensitive indicator to the inter-turn short-circuit fault even under external disturbances. As well, several features can result from it, especially the signal energy, spectral and statistical information, etc. These features can highlight aging laws that will be used as patterns for Prognosis and Health Management (PHM) of inter-turn short-circuit failure.

Multi-objective optimization of high altitude sector operation based on environmental protection

The emission and contrail of flights at high altitude sector have a great impact on the environment. The paper establishes the multi-objective optimization method of high altitude sector operation based on environmental protection, which can reduce the impact of sector air traffic operation on the environment and enhance the operation efficiency of the high altitude sector. According to the operation characteristics of the sector, the aviation meteorological data of the sector are analyzed, and the forming conditions of the contrail are calculated. Considering the air traffic control rules and aircraft flight characteristics, a multi-objective optimization model of sector flight allocation strategy is established, and the influence of aviation meteorological conditions and different allocation strategy combinations on the optimal operation of sector is analyzed. To solve the multi-objective optimization model, the paper uses an evolutionary computation method in intelligence computing and takes non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II with elitist strategy (NSGA-II). Shanghai Area No.20 sector (ZSSSAR20) is selected as the case in this paper. Example verification reveals that taking number of contrails, fuel consumption and flight delays as the optimization targets, aircraft are more likely to rely on altitude deployment strategy so as to better reduce the impact of air traffic operation en route on environment, and improve sector operation efficiency en route.

ANALISIS KECELAKAAN PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA UNTUK PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN

Achievement level of aviation safety can be achieved with the proper function of all components of the system in the aviation industry which consists of airport operators, airline operators, air traffic operators and aircraft maintenance operator, as well as the regulations set by the regulator. Every incident should be investigated aviation accidents to fin d the cause. This is to provide appropriate recommendations so that the same airline accident does not happen again. The increasing number of flights that are needed with safety guarantees. So it is importance to analyzed routine flight accident to improve the safety performance of airlines. This research is descriptive analysis with qualitative methods. Flight accidents data that have investigated from NTSC and DGCA grouped causes are then recommendations have been made by the NTSC also grouped for each operator stakeholders. Improved system of aviation safety in Indonesia can be done with a thorough analysis based on the results of investigation of NTSC whose recommendations have been given to all stakeholders in the aviation industry. The results showed that the causes of flight accidents in Indonesia is dominated by the human factor the percentage reached 60%. The highest number of the recommendations given by the NTSC to DGCA as many as 208 recommendations during the period 2007-2014 but the trend o f declining. On other side of the trend of the recommendations given to aviation operators showed an increase. This shows an increase in the duty on DGCA to always supervise, and set the standard flight operations carried out by several airline operators in Indonesia.

Robust Aerial Object Tracking from an Airborne platform

While the average remaining time to collision of about 20 s is quite promising, there are also a couple of scenarios where it drops below 10 s. The main issue there is generally the low contrast between the terrain as background and the approaching traffic aircraft—a result of the exceptional dynamic range if the sun is close to the camera FOV and shady terrain is visible at the same time. These situations could certainly be improved by using a higher bit depth instead of the 8-bit used for the scenarios presented here.

Enhanced situation awareness for unmanned aerial vehicle operating in terminal areas with circuit flight rules

This paper considers the situation awareness function associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle arriving at an uncontrolled airfield. Given no air traffic control service available within such a terminal area, the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to establish a good level of situation awareness by using its onboard sensors to detect and track other traffic aircraft. Comparing to the existing works which mainly use sensor observations in the filtering process, this paper exploits the circuit flight rules to provide extra knowledge about the target behaviour. This is achieved by using multiple models to describe the target motions in different flight phases and characterising the phase transition in a stochastic manner. Consequently, an interacting multiple model particle filter with state-dependent transition probabilities is developed to provide the required situation awareness function.

Improvement of the Aircraft Traffic Management Advisor Optimization Using a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

AbstractDuring the last decade, problems regarding the Traffic Management Advisor(TMA) has become a concerning matter. A novel hybrid Genetic Algorithm(GA) for the goal of seeking best possible alignment has been presented in this paper. This simple and yet very thorough method benefits from low computational burden, higher convergence rate and lower overall delays. Comprehensive simulations and implementation of the imbedded specially designed rearrangement operator, have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with previous literatures and classic GA.

Marine Environment Influence on Fiber Optic Systems Operation

Optic communications are increasingly used in many areas, including traffic and maritime nowadays. There is a lack of researches about environmental parameters impact to the operation of fibers in traffic systems, i.e. ships, cars, aircraft or port logistics. This paper investigates environmental influence on three-layer fiber optic system. The two-layer optic system is also analyzed for the comparison purposes. Several environmental factors were simulated, including temperature, pressure, and humidity for all three IR windows. In the three layer optic system, the environmental influence is brought through the air’s refractivity index. The final goal is to determine if the change of the environmental factor(s) can change or lose some of the modes used for communication in some specific application.

DEFINITION THE STABILITY AND CONTROL DERIVATIVES IN THE LONGITUDINAL CHANNEL OF SMALL SUBSONIC UAV

The problems of determining the stability and control derivatives of small subsonic UAV in the longitudinal channel are solved.An approach to the stability and control derivatives determination based on the analysis results of wind tunnel investigation and analyzes conducted .To the longitudinal movement usually referred traffic aircraft where it is in the plane of symmetry of one and the same vertical plane. Thus the aerodynamic lateral force, rolling moment and yaw angles of heel and slip and angular velocity of roll and glide zero. To investigate the longitudinal motion of the aircraft (movement in the longitudinal channel) important issue is to determine the components of the aerodynamic forces and moments as a function of the kinematic parameters of the flight, the so-called aerodynamic derivatives.Given that the object is a lightweight UAV that has subsonic range of operating speeds, significantly less than the speed of sound, it should be noted that the derivative of the coefficient of lift coefficient and drag coefficient for longitudinal moment of flight speed can be taken to be zero at subsonic speed range. This is due to the fact that these values are almost constant with airspeed , lower the speed of sound . Change the value of these parameters with growth rate appears only when approaching the speed of sound, due to changes in the position of the center of pressure and the additional impedance. Also, when calculating stability derivatives are generally neglected by changing the drag because the drag value of derivatives are small and commensurate with the error of the calculation methods.Derivatives of lift coefficient by the following kinematic parameters: angle of attack, the angular velocity of rotation around the transverse axis , rate of change of angle of attack and angle of elevator deflection are defined.Obtained results make it possible to analyze the movement of the UAV in the longitudinal channel and determinate the coefficients of a mathematical model of the UAV. Also possible to determinate the stability and controllability of the UAV during automatic control systems design.

Information flow recognition in radio communication channel between air traffic dispatcher and aircraft crew

Classification of data streams according to phases of flight (maneuvering, takeoff, flight, descending, entrance to the landing area, landing, maneuvering) is proposed . Development of algorithm, which uses a dictionary and grammar to refine the recognition results, is given

Measuring the Impact of NextGen Operating Concepts for Separation Assurance on Pilot Situation Awareness and Workload

We determined the effect of NextGen concepts of operation for separation assurance on pilot situation awareness and workload using an online probe technique. We also evaluated the probe technique for sensitivity, diagnosticity, and validity with respect to different NextGen separation assurance operating concepts. These concepts allocated responsibility for conflict detection and resolution to either pilots, air traffic controllers, or an automated, ground-based, conflict detection and resolution agent. Probe queries were developed to fit in 1 of 3 categories: traffic conflicts, aircraft or airspace status, or commands and communications. We determined that pilot situation awareness of conflict information was highest when the pilot was responsible for separation assurance; workload was minimally affected. Moreover, the changes in pilot awareness of task-specific information can be determined using this online probe technique. Evidence for the reliability and validity of our probe technique is also provided.

The Effect of Aircraft Traffic Emissions on the Soil Surface Contamination Analysis around the International Airport in Delhi, India

To investigate the effect of aircraft traffic emissions on soil pollution, metal levels were analyzed for 8 metals (Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Cd) from the vicinity of the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) airport in Delhi, India. The texture of the airport soil was observed to be sandy. Among the metals, Cd showed minimum concentration (2.07 ㎍ g -1 ), while Fe showed maximum concentration (4379 ㎍ g -1 ). The highest metal accumulation was observed at the landing site. Significant correlations were observed between metals and different textures (sand, silt, and clay) as well as with organic carbon (OC). The results indicate that grain size play a major role in OC retention in soil and subsequently helps in adsorption of metals in soil. Muller’s geoaccumulation index (I-geo) showed that airport soil was contaminated due to Cd and Pb with the pollution class 2 and 1, respectively. Pollution load index of the airport site was 1.34-3 times higher than the background site. The results of factor analysis suggested that source of the soil metal is mainly from natural weathering of soil, aircraft exhaust, and automobile exhaust from near by area. With respect to Dutch target values, the airport soils showed ~3 times higher Cd concentration. The study highlighted the future risk of enhanced metal pollution with respect to Cd and Pb due to aircraft trafficking.

Network DEA approach to airports performance assessment considering undesirable outputs

In this paper, a directional distance approach is proposed to deal with network DEA problems in which the processes may generate not only desirable final outputs but also undesirable outputs. The proposed approach is applied to the problem of modelling and benchmarking airport operations. The corresponding network DEA model considers two process (Aircraft Movement and Aircraft Loading) with two final outputs (Annual Passenger Movement and Annual Cargo handled), one intermediate product (Aircraft Traffic Movements) and two undesirable outputs (Number of Delayed Flights and Accumulated Flight Delays). The proposed approach has been applied to Spanish airports data for year 2008 comparing the computed directional distance efficiency scores with those obtained using a conventional, single-process directional distance function approach. From this comparison, it can be concluded that the proposed network DEA approach has more discriminatory power than its single-process counterpart, uncovering more inefficiencies and providing more valid results.

Brief review of legal framework on environmental noise in Japan

This paper makes a brief review of legal framework for the assessment of environmental noise in Japan and discusses issues of noise policy to be improved and needs to change or modify noise evaluation methods. For example, road traffic noise and aircraft noise are now evaluated using Leq metrics, but high speed railway noise is still evaluated using LASmax. It may cause a difficulty when evaluating the impact of compound noise exposure due to simultaneous road and railway traffic. On the other, level magnitude and frequency of C-weighted sound levels of noise events are still used as metrics for assessment and improvement of sound environment at public buildings such as schools, hospitals and so on near airfields and maneuvering grounds. Needs and requirements for sound environment may have greatly changed with the times. The author looks back over the way to use such metrics.

Route planner for unmanned aerial system insertion in civil non-segregated airspace

One of the most interesting challenges of the next few years will be airspace system automation. This process will involve different aspects such as air traffic management, aircraft and airport operations and guidance and navigation systems. The use of unmanned aerial systems for civil missions will be one of the most important steps in this automation process. In this article, an air traffic management oriented conflict detection & resolution algorithm that models air traffic management operative technique as avoidance manoeuvres in order to self-separate the unmanned aerial vehicle from piloted air traffic is presented. As a first step, a geometric analysis identifies all possible unmanned aerial vehicle routes among the mission targets and related potential conflicts with piloted air traffic. For each potential conflict, air traffic management operative techniques are used to model different options of conflict resolution: vertical and horizontal avoidance, speed regulation, holding patterns and rerouting. The performances of a reference unmanned aerial vehicle are used to estimate the cost of each possible sub-route and, in case of conflict, the cost of each possible avoidance manoeuvre. In this way, the unmanned aerial vehicle mission is modelled as a combinatorial optimization problem that concerns the sequencing of both targets and conflict resolution options. As output, a conflict free route that minimizes the air traffic impact over the mission is provided. Simulation results over real air traffic data show how this approach could be useful for future common management of piloted and non-piloted air traffic.

Analysis of Taxiway Aircraft Traffic at George Bush Intercontinental Airport, Houston, Texas

Serving one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States, the George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) in Houston, Texas, is one of the 10 airports with the longest average taxi-out and taxi-in times. This paper assesses the congestion at IAH by analyzing taxi times and flight data during different hours of the day. The capacity of IAH is investigated by examining the number of departing flights on the ground. IAH is operating close to capacity most of the time. Because increasing airport capacity can mitigate congestion, this report develops a surface operation model based on analyzed results to achieve this aim. A mixed-integer programming formulation is proposed to optimize total taxi times by finding optimal taxi routes and the related schedules. The model is applied to a sample from real data.

Misleading Communication VS. Effective Aviation Management

In this paper some of the important problems and issues such as human and communication errors in safety and civil aviation management are presented. The problems arise from misleading information from different sources. To avoid the above problems, a centralization of the information is proposed here. To centralize the information for Air Traffic Management (ATM), a mining data routing system called SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system is suggested in this study. The utilization of SCADA system will helps to capture air traffic information and aircraft data via satellite technology and transfer it to data mining center and then to central organization. The stored digital data will exchange the information between different organizations and will be used by management systems. The stored reliable information helps to make an appropriate decision in the Air Traffic Management system.

Aircraft Traffic Analysis for Forecasting

Analysis of historical air traffic is used to determine trends that will assist in traffic forecasting. This process begins with externally supplied forecasts that use econometrics as a base to produce passengers and movements as an output, which is then refined through the results of traffic analysis. The paper begins by defining the service charge structure for Nav Canada and defines two main service charges, one related to departures from Canadian airports and one related to the distance traveled by these flights. From the defined markets, domestic, transborder, south, Atlantic, and Pacific monthly growth rates are examined for potential trends. Although frequency may be a primary driver underlying much of the growth, the service charge structure includes the components of aircraft size (weight) and distance, factors that are not included in external forecasts. The paper presents the growth rates of all three components (frequency, aircraft size, and distance) within these markets to identify potential areas for further analysis and then examines the domestic market in more detail to determine the causes of traffic changes and their impact on a forecast on a month-by-month basis. This analysis also reveals further questions and identifies the need for additional analytical techniques.