Traditional Work Research Articles

Ornamental Patterns of Contemporary Indonesian Batik: Clothing for Strengthening the Articulation of Appearance Characteristics

Batik is a significant aspect of Javanese and Indonesia culture, celebrated for its complex motifs, rich history, and deep cultural values. The research method used is qualitative research based on exploration and explanation supported with Iconographical Analysis and Elegant Design Theory. UNESCO’s recognition of batik as a world culture heritage, has led to a revival in interest and respect for this art form in Indonesia. Historically, batik was reserved for the nobility, but nowadays, it has evolved into national attire with contemporary significance. The focus of this study is to position batik as not only a traditional work of art that has developed into contemporary fashion, but also contains various ethical and aesthetic boundaries as a reflection of the intelligence of clothing culture. Contemporary batik is seen as a medium that can enhance the wearer’s appearance. Several characteristics of a person’s appearance that can be strengthened based on batik ornamental patterns are authoritative, openness, responsible, dynamic, and simplicity. This pattern is actualised in fashion design with a format resembling the letters or punctuation marks of Y, +, \, Z, and I.

Improved Low-Rank Matrix Approximation in Multivariate Case

The low-rank matrix approximation (LRMA) algorithm is an important method in signal processing. This algorithm is usually used in many tasks such as the matrix estimation and machine learning algorithms. In the past, many convex regularizers, such as the absolute-value norm, were presented for LRMA. Recently, many works show that LRMA on many nonconvex regularizers, such as the quadratic and logarithmic regularizers, can give better efficiency than the convex regularizer. Furthermore, many traditional works present LRMA in the univariate case, and do not consider in the multivariate case. Therefore, LRMA in the multivariate case on the nonconvex regularizer is presented in this work. Note that our proposed method is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm. The relationship between singular values is considered by this multivariate case. We also present the novel nonconvex regularizer for LRMA. The simple solution for our method can be obtained from this regularizer. In many random signals, our proposed method is evaluated with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Experimental results show that the best results can be obtained from the proposed method.

How management support and diversity factors affect employee performance within the digital workplace

PurposeWe aimed to determine how remote management support (MS) practices and staff diversity influenced employee performance (EP) within the digital workplace (DW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article highlights the challenges managers face in achieving EP in the DW compared to traditional work environments.Design/methodology/approachWe developed a theoretical model (MS→DW→EP) and tested it based on the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) conducted in mid-2022. Factors of primary, secondary and organizational diversity moderated the relationship between the variables. We purposely selected a sample of 1,000 respondents with remote working experience.FindingsThe results show that the DW partially mediates the relationship between MS and EP. The greater the uncertainty in managing people, the more flexibility, trust and job satisfaction required in the DW to achieve EP. Organizational diversity influenced the model more (i.e. teamwork vs individual work) than the primary and secondary diversity (i.e. gender and education).Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the sample size was large, we cannot consider it statistically representative.Practical implicationsZoomers and Millennials reflect full mediation in the model that supports EP.Social implicationsBroader work autonomy, smaller organizations and teams as well as hybrid work arrangements, reduce the necessity for in-person meetings with superiors.Originality/valueSupervisors had to reduce control over the DW while expanding organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) to enhance job satisfaction and thus ensure the expected EP during the pandemic. We may consider allowing an employee to postpone work as a new managerial activity within MS.

ACLNDA: an asymmetric graph contrastive learning framework for predicting noncoding RNA-disease associations in heterogeneous graphs.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), play crucial roles in gene expression regulation and are significant in disease associations and medical research. Accurate ncRNA-disease association prediction is essential for understanding disease mechanisms and developing treatments. Existing methods often focus on single tasks like lncRNA-disease associations (LDAs), miRNA-disease associations (MDAs), or lncRNA-miRNA interactions (LMIs), and fail to exploit heterogeneous graph characteristics. We propose ACLNDA, an asymmetric graph contrastive learning framework for analyzing heterophilic ncRNA-disease associations. It constructs inter-layer adjacency matrices from the original lncRNA, miRNA, and disease associations, and uses a Top-K intra-layer similarity edges construction approach to form a triple-layer heterogeneous graph. Unlike traditional works, to account for both node attribute features (ncRNA/disease) and node preference features (association), ACLNDA employs an asymmetric yet simple graph contrastive learning framework to maximize one-hop neighborhood context and two-hop similarity, extracting ncRNA-disease features without relying on graph augmentations or homophily assumptions, reducing computational cost while preserving data integrity. Our framework is capable of being applied to a universal range of potential LDA, MDA, and LMI association predictions. Further experimental results demonstrate superior performance to other existing state-of-the-art baseline methods, which shows its potential for providing insights into disease diagnosis and therapeutic target identification. The source code and data of ACLNDA is publicly available at https://github.com/AI4Bread/ACLNDA.

Isolated Spiral Solutions of the Ginzburg–Landau Equation

Using finite element simulation, we study the main features of rotating wave solutions of the cubic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. To focus on the characteristics of the waves themselves, we have used a circular domain to avoid the effects of irregular boundaries; we have inhibited the formation of defects using an Archimedean wave centered at the origin as the initial condition, and we have chosen a domain size long enough to contain several spiral arms but not so long as to promote long-wave instabilities. This allows us to focus on the geometric features of the solutions often overlooked in traditional works with random initial conditions in large domains. We show with our simulations that the convective and absolute stabilities differ from those predicted for plane waves. Likewise, we show that the appearance of spirals and anti-spirals can occur in any of the quadrants of the parameter space and depends fundamentally on the initial conditions. Finally, regarding the stability of spiral waves against sideband disturbances, we show that the persistence of two-dimensional spiral waves, if fulfilled, does not correspond to the Eckhaus criterion. Our simulations allow us to corroborate the idea that two-dimensional spirals depend on the size of the domain and that they require new analytical results whose trends are identified in this work.

A continuous concrete vibration method for robots based on machine vision with integrated spatial features

The traditional manual concrete vibration work faces numerous limitations, necessitating efficient automated method to assist in this task. This study proposes a vision-based continuous concrete vibration method for vibrating robots. By enhancing the YOLOv8n model with attention mechanisms, our proposed method demonstrates a high AP of 93.31 % in identifying reinforcing grids, and an FPS of 25.6 on embedded systems. For the first time in concrete vibration tasks, this study utilizes spatial positional information to cluster coordinate data, transforming confidence-sorted data into spatially ordered sequences. Vibrating robot case test shows that the proposed method enhances the vibration speed by 22.18 % and improves the vibration success rate by 11.67 % compared to traditional strategies. Additionally, the on-site experiment conducted at four construction sites demonstrated the robustness of the proposed method. These findings advance automation in concrete vibration work, offering significant implications for the fields of robotics and construction engineering.

COVID-19 pandemic & neurosciences in India- the CoINstudy: Impact of the pandemic on research related to the neurosciences.

Background & objectives We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19-related disruptions on ongoing and future projects related to neuroscience research and young researchers in India. Methods We conducted a countrywide online survey using a structured, self-administered questionnaire involving medical trainees, post-doctoral fellows, PhD students, early career faculty members and basic neuroscience researchers. The purpose was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the respondents' ongoing/planned research activities and capture their concerns related to future research. Results Five hundred and four valid responses were analyzed. More than three-fourths of the respondents were in their early careers - 64.1 per cent were resident doctors, and 19.8 per cent were early career consultants. Maximum responses were received from respondents working in neurology (228; 45.2%), followed by psychiatry (192; 38.1%) and neurosurgery (49; 9.7%). More than three-fourths [83.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8-0.867] of the respondents reported that the pandemic had affected their research. About one-third of the respondents (171; 33.9%) reported delays in completing research studies. Respondents adapted to the pandemic's circumstances by making methodological changes in their research (155; 30.8%). Most respondents (301; 59.6%) reported being diverted from their traditional work settings to COVID-19-related clinical services. Respondents conducting prospective studies and randomized controlled trials and those diverted to COVID-related services were significantly more likely to report the adverse research impact. Interpretation & conclusions In our survey, an overwhelming majority of the respondents reported that the pandemic adversely impacted their study. This trend was independent of sex, designation, and research output of individual subjects. The serious impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosciences research warrants the attention and concerted efforts of the research supervisors, institutional heads, funding agencies and other stakeholders.

ГИБРИДНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РАБОТЫ: PRO ET CONTRA

The article is devoted to the study of the prospects and problems of developing a hybrid work model, which has already become an inevitable solution for many organizations. The main options for implementing the hybrid model are presented, as well as other advantages compared to traditional office work and completely remote work. Typical problems arising in a hybrid environment and their manifestations in such areas as communications and cooperation, professional development, corporate culture, staff well-being, productivity and motivation, technological safety are highlighted). It is shown that the features of hybrid work often conflict with established management practices. Based on a generalization of experience in implementing a hybrid work model, national and global studies, recommendations are substantiated to overcome difficulties and find the optimal balance between the advantages and disadvantages of working in a hybrid environment.

Integrating Intelligent Sensors for Safe UAV Distribution: Design and Evaluation of Ranging System

In our increasingly electrified society, electricity has become indispensable to both production and daily life. However, high-load electric energy transmission presents inherent safety risks. To ensure the secure transportation of electric energy, live work on distribution networks is essential. However, traditional live work techniques require a high level of dependence on worker experience, which frequently leads to inaccurate safety distances and degrades worker security. This study proposes the integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with intelligent robot sensing technology to enhance safety and efficiency in live work. By accurately measuring safety distances, UAVs offer a promising solution to mitigate risks associated with high-voltage circuits. Comparative analysis between traditional and intelligent live work safety distance measurements reveals the two live works under the high voltage circuit were 92% and 96%, respectively, and the accuracy of the two live work safe distance measurements under the low voltage circuit was 84% and 99%, respectively. Results demonstrate that UAVs equipped with intelligent sensing technology achieve superior accuracy in safe ranging for live work, thereby ensuring stable energy transmission and safeguarding the lives of workers in distribution networks. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-03-04 Full Text: PDF

Virtual expatriate assignments and host country national support: The role of higher-level construals in social categorization processes

Although extant research on expatriate management has explored the drivers of host country nationals’ (HCNs’) support for expatriates in traditional physical work environments, there is limited understanding in the context of virtual expatriate assignments. This necessitates further theorizing that departs from the presupposition that HCNs and expatriates interact physically. It integrates the particularities of working virtually to understand if and how the virtual context affects the provision of HCN support for expatriates, and whether related social categorization and identification processes work differently as part of virtual assignments. We draw on social identity and construal level theory and develop a conceptual model explaining the emergence of three types of HCN support that virtual assignees can receive, i.e., emotional support, appraisal support, and informational job support. We focus on the interplay between social categorization mechanisms and higher-level construals and, thus, more interpersonal neutrality and social disengagement originating from the virtual work context. We contribute by deriving a set of propositions that outlines the varied consequences of performing the expatriate job role virtually, with a particular focus on the provision of different types of support for expatriates by HCN co-workers.

The Role of Cloud Computing Technology in Environmental Protection

In recent years, the level of informatization in various industries has been increasing with the continuous improvement of information technology. While developing, natural environment protection also faces many challenges, and the timeliness and predictability of information transmission test environmental monitoring workers. In traditional environmental protection work, optimizing existing technologies and utilizing cloud computing technology to quickly and accurately transmit information to the work platform, and then utilizing existing protection measures to timely detect and handle problems, in order to reduce environmental damage. On this basis, it is possible to analyze and provide reference suggestions.

Employer–Domestic Worker Dynamic in Kolkata: From Maternalism to Transactionalism

Domestic workers used to be treated virtually as members of the family in South Asian contexts, with much evidence of various forms of exploitation. Presently, the increasing prevalence of formal patron–client dynamics among part-time domestic labourers in urban India takes specific hybrid forms that require further research. The article examines to what extent efforts to establish purely commercial arrangements in the domestic service sector may avoid traditional forms of exploitation. Or do more formal professional relationships still tend to benefit employers more, allowing them to assign additional tasks without offering corresponding extra benefits? The findings identify that establishing and maintaining purely professional relationships remains challenging in India due to deep-rooted ethical and cultural considerations and adaptability issues. Employers often unwittingly perpetuate traditional personalised domestic work settings. The article shows how both sides in this complex relationship struggle to identify and practice new modalities of fair interaction.

Whistleblowing – an extension of working life democracy? The case of Norway

Working life relations are in a continuous state of change. So are the institutions of working life democracy. In Norway, three well-established components of working life democracy have been in place since the 1960s and 1970s, developing along different institutional tracks: collective bargaining at the national level, employee representation on the boards, and employee participation in protection of health and safety in the work environment. From 2007, legal protection of whistleblowing was included in the Working Environment Act (WEA), anchored in specific institutional arrangements. Before the turn of the century, a common assumption was that whistleblowing mainly targets irregular, even criminal, dispositions of the enterprise. After the inclusion in the WEA, data from Norway from the years 2016 to 2022 demonstrate that to a large extent, psycho-social problems have become the object of whistleblowing. However, institutional specificities limit the handling of social interaction problems by the traditional work environment arrangements. Against the background of its separate institutions for the handling of grievances, it is argued that whistleblowing, along with freedom of expression, are parts of a fourth track of democratization. Even though the institutional setup of whistleblowing has been revised twice since 2007, the findings indicate that additional revisions are still desirable.

Exploration of Multi-level Teaching of Physical Education in Universities Based on Information Technology

Since entering the information age, various industries have been further developed with the support of information technology, and the field of education is no exception. Since the construction of sports informatization in universities, the widespread application of various educational informatization technologies has promoted the innovation of sports teaching modes and methods. At present, the construction of a multi-level physical education teaching system based on information technology in universities is not only an innovative exploration of traditional physical education teaching work, but also a necessary path to promote the reform of physical education teaching work. Based on this, the article first elaborates on the concept of multi-level teaching, and then analyzes the application advantages of information technology, as well as the importance of implementing multi-level physical education teaching in universities based on information technology. Corresponding suggestions are proposed to mobilize the enthusiasm of college students to participate in physical education learning and exercise, unleash the educational value of sports, and help them shape a sound physical and mental quality.

The Best of Both Worlds: Affiliation and Agency in Traditional and Gig Work Choices

The opportunity to construct a career and the prevalence of virtual work are hallmarks of the extant environment that makes career decisions and workforce recruitment increasingly complex. We seek to understand jobseekers’ choices in this context, which allows for great personal control and independence. We draw on the career self-management stream of social-cognitive career theory to inform our examination of the influences of certain applicant work preferences and individual characteristics on preferences for gig or traditional work and related job-seeking behaviors. Findings from this study indicate that a sense of agency and need for affiliation are significantly related to new and transitional job seekers’ willingness to pursue face-to-face versus gig work opportunities. Additionally, this work revealed a positive relationship between a preference for face-to-face and gig work options, indicating that incorporating a combination of the two may be optimal for employees and employers.

The Prevalence of Self-Exploitation in Media Production: Analyzing the Impact of Technological and Societal Transformations

The development of science and technology and the changes of society have given a new look to traditional conceptual work. The developed network and ubiquitous communication have broken the time and space boundaries of work. Working from home has become a reality. Some people continue to predict that work will become a relaxed enjoyment. But the reality is frustrating. Not only did people not relax, but they also took on increasingly heavy work pressures. The boundaries between work and leisure are eliminated by heavy business, and the office is transformed into a place where people spend the most time. Therefore, work is no longer a pleasure, but self-exploitation behaviour. The unstable and unsafe nature of creative work in the media industry creates stress and anxiety, and the strong emotional pleasure associated with this kind of work exists. The tension between "pleasure" and "pain" in creative occupations has been fully proven. Unstable labour has now become a key feature of creative work. Creative occupations are driven by self-fulfilling desires and are places for exploitation and serious insecurity.

The Prevalence of Self-Exploitation in Media Production: Analyzing the Impact of Technological and Societal Transformations

The development of science and technology and the changes of society have given a new look to traditional conceptual work. The developed network and ubiquitous communication have broken the time and space boundaries of work. Working from home has become a reality. Some people continue to predict that work will become a relaxed enjoyment. But the reality is frustrating. Not only did people not relax, but they also took on increasingly heavy work pressures. The boundaries between work and leisure are eliminated by heavy business, and the office is transformed into a place where people spend the most time. Therefore, work is no longer a pleasure, but self-exploitation behaviour. The unstable and unsafe nature of creative work in the media industry creates stress and anxiety, and the strong emotional pleasure associated with this kind of work exists. The tension between "pleasure" and "pain" in creative occupations has been fully proven. Unstable labour has now become a key feature of creative work. Creative occupations are driven by self-fulfilling desires and are places for exploitation and serious insecurity.

Traditional Irrigation Systems of Mountainous Agrarian Landscapes: Case Study of Tegalalang Rice Terraces, Bali, Indonesia, and Cacaoiten Rice Terraces, Pangasinan, Philippines

Abstract Traditional irrigation systems play a vital role in sustaining agriculture in mountainous agrarian landscapes around the world. However, little is known on how these traditional irrigation systems work, and how they differ from one another. This paper examines the traditional irrigation systems of two distinct regions: the Tegalalang Rice Terraces in Bali, Indonesia, and Cacaoiten Rice Terraces in Pangasinan, Philippines. The aim is to understand their own ways of irrigating their crops, focusing on the source of water, and method how it is being distributed on the fields. The study utilizes a qualitative approach, employing field observations, interviews with local farmers, administrative representatives, and analysis of existing literatures, and documentations. Findings reveal that in Tegalalang, the Subak system prevails, characterized by cooperative water management through a network of embedded pipes regulated by the Subak Management. In contrast, the Inang-ayan system dominates in Cacaoiten, which works through series of canals connected to nearby streams and other sources of water.

What is hybrid work? Towards greater conceptual clarity of a common term and understanding its consequences

The concept of ‘hybrid work’, characterized by ongoing alternation between traditional and non-traditional work modes, has gained significant attention in recent research. Despite its growing relevance, a consistent and coherent conceptualization of hybrid work remains elusive. This article aims to address this gap by offering a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of hybrid work, contributing to conceptual clarity in its application. We draw on an extensive literature review to propose a definition of hybrid work that encompasses dynamic switches across three dimensions: modality (analog/face-to-face vs. digital/virtual), location (office/co-located vs. non-office/distributed), and temporality (constrained/synchronous vs. unconstrained/asynchronous). Building on existing literature and our dynamic, three-dimensional, and multilevel definition of hybrid work, we reinterpret key findings within the HRM domain, illustrating how our framework brings clarity to previously ambiguous aspects of hybrid work. This reinterpretation not only underscores the theoretical contributions of our definition but also identifies new research directions inspired by these insights.

A visual management and augmented-reality-based training module for the enhancement of short and long-term procedural knowledge retention in complex machinery setup

Proper training for operators is essential, given the complexity of modern manufacturing and the challenges posed by diverse worker demographics and high workforce turnover. Since conventional training methods are inadequate when considering the mentioned challenges, digital technologies and assistive devices can be used to improve information management. This work studies how the combination of Augmented Reality (AR) and Visual Management (VM) supports worker training by considering short- and long-term efficacy. The literature gaps on researching the training and knowledge retention of manufacturing workers using combined lean tools and digital technologies indicate that current studies focus on short-term training performed in laboratories, overlooking the integration of VM and AR for industrial training. Thus, the authors developed and validated in practice a VMAR-based training module for the setup of complex machinery in the process industry. To assess its efficacy, a comparison between a test group and a confirmation group of company’s workers has been performed. The number and types of setup error have been collected and analysed to evaluate and compare short- and long-term procedural knowledge retention. The results reveal that the VMAR-based training module better supports workers both in the short- and long-period compared with traditional working procedures. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates the inefficacy of traditional approaches in properly supporting the training of complex machinery setups considering the study’s application. Future works should address the assessment of knowledge retention by considering a longer period, as well as on physiological data collection to better understand which elements of the training module are most crucial to the transfer of knowledge.