Traditional Wireless Research Articles

Construction and Implementation of Wireless Network Online Learning System Based on Edge Computing

The traditional wireless network laboratory constructed with physical equipment prompts two obvious problems: high hardware investment and long experiment deployment time. To address these issues, this study proposed a novel Wireless Network Physical Teaching System (WNPTS) based on Edge Computing (EC). Firstly, the isolation design of in-band and out-band network avoids the interference between management data and experimental data. Secondly, this study designed a unified experimental resource description method based on XML format, which is parsed and executed by parser and topology switcher to realize the rapid deployment of the experimental environment. In the edge computing layer, multiple Virtual Network Devices (VNDs) were implemented on one physical network device through the following mechanisms: in the process space, each virtual device used an independent working directory and files to build an application software cluster dedicated to each VND. In physical space, this study designed a novel fast-forwarding mechanism, which takes each switch engine chip as one allocation unit and maps the forwarding table in the kernel space to realize the fast data forwarding for each VND. Statistical analysis shows that, compared with traditional approach, WNPTS reduced the total fixed investment cost by 30.25%, shortened the Average Deployment Time of Experimental Environment (ADTEE) from 18.3 minutes to 2.75 minutes, and improved the Timely Completion Rate of Experiments (TCRE) from 59% to 70%.

An DL-based approach for Packet Error Compensation using radio mobile network quality parameters in a rainfall scenario

This study proposes a new approach to guarantee the Quality of Service of mobile radio links via Packet Error Rate (PER) compensation at varying levels of rainfall. Compared to traditional radio channel degradation estimation methods, the proposed study uses a different set of parameters mainly related to the cell selection and handover mechanisms, more appropriate for rainfall scenarios. By means of a new model based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the proposed technique estimates the PER on two different radio links in such a way as to dynamically adapt the weights of a VPN (Virtual Private Network) Bonding algorithm based on a dual Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) system belonging to two different telephone operators. This guarantees a halved adaptation frequency when compared to traditional cellular bonding methods and avoids saturating the channel band during the estimation of the weights. The experimental results carried out in video surveillance applications for smart road scenarios show that it is possible to dynamically improve the radio link with an enhancement in the quality perceived by the user of about 200%.

Podcast production and marketing strategies on the main platforms in Europe, North America, and Latin America. Situation and perspectives

Fifteen years after the term was coined, the podcast is now consolidated as a sound format with a specific identity within the digital media ecosystem. The practice of podcasting is none other than radio, but one encompassing diverse production on both expressive and thematic levels whose properties (mobility, narrative fragmentation, and the integration of multiple devices) and personalized consumption generate a very different listener attitude compared with traditional radio. After an initial period of independent amateurism strongly conditioned by the technologies available, the podcast has achieved significant global popular recognition, as well as an increasingly important professional dimension thanks to the emergence and spread of new distribution platforms (podcast networks) designed to serve as alternatives to the dominant feeds (such as Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, iVoox, and Spotify) that rely on different catalogs and business models. This investigation identifies, describes, and systematically orders the main management and marketing models for podcasts on these platforms on the basis of a comparative analysis of fourteen of them, two in each of the eight countries in Europe, North America, and Latin America where this format is most widespread: Acast (Sweden); Podimo (Denmark); Binge Audio and Majelan (France); Podimo Spain and Podium Podcast (Spain); PodcastOne and Luminary (USA); Convoy Network and Puentes (Mexico); Posta and Parque Podcast (Argentina); and Pia Podcast and Podway (Colombia). The study measures and compares the offerings of each of the studied platforms using different quantitative and qualitative variables (age, territorial reach, content categories, dominant genres, funding, and consumption). The objective is to start to draw up a global map of the main operators in the podcasting industry, and to identify the production trends and marketing strategies of a format with increasing impact and demand, destined to become the future heir of broadcast radio.

Residue Number System-Based Approach to Minimise Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

This study harnesses the useful number properties of the residue number system (RNS) to minimise energy consumption in a wireless sensor network. In a traditional cluster-based wireless sensor network, large bit representations of aggregated packets are transmitted to the base station. However, large bit patterns of packets are slower compared to smaller bits. The proposed approach splits aggregated data into a pre-specified number of transmission channels using a moduli set. Cheap energy cost routes from the cluster heads are computed to deliver the chunked aggregated data to the base station. Forward and reverse converters are proposed to encode data into RNS and decode the RNS data that reaches the base station. MATLAB simulation is used to implement the proposed data splitting method and to evaluate network performance. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method is more effective at minimising transmission energy when compared with traditional approaches in which complete packets are transmitted.

Analysis of special technical problems of wireless charging at UUV docking stations and a new underwater electromagnetic coupler

In order to solve the problem of insufficient range of autonomous underwater vehicles, underwater docking stations deployed on the seabed can wirelessly charge autonomous underwater vehicles through recyclers. Compared with traditional wireless charging of electric vehicles, wireless charging based on underwater docking stations has many special technical problems that need to be further understood and deciphered. This paper introduces the basic functions of the docking system and the docking process, and then focuses on the following three aspects of wireless charging at docking stations: firstly, the design of the coupler to suit the underwater vehicle and the complex marine environment, the coupler mechanism should match the shape and structure of the underwater vehicle, and the coupler should have a high resistance to deflection; secondly, the influence of the seawater medium on the wireless charging system. The impact of seawater medium on the wireless charging system is analysed, and the equivalent circuit model considering seawater eddy currents and the equivalent circuit model considering cross-connecting capacitance effects are established respectively; thirdly, the design of communication-independent wireless charging system. The existing eddy current loss calculation methods are analysed for the key technical problem of eddy current loss in seawater. A new type of electromagnetic coupler is proposed, the structural characteristics of the coupler are introduced and the simulation results show that the new coupler has a strong anti-deflection capability.

The Perspective of Hybrid Radio in the Process of Media Convergence

Digitization and the Internet have enabled traditional radio to gain new formats, new listeners, enrich content and make it available globally. Hybrid radio is the result of digitization and media convergence, enabling the availability of programs and accompanying multimedia content to a larger number of listeners thanks to a combination of FM or DAB+ signals and the Internet. Today, listeners expect a radio station to enable listening to the program non-linearly (on-demand, podcast), they expect to have access to information about weather, traffic conditions, news, and information about a song broadcast in various formats (audio, video, or text) and information about the artist. Also, listeners expect to be able to listen to their favorite radio on the same device, via the same application, even when they are not within the coverage area of the program. From an economic point of view, this is a sustainable, cost-effective system, because most stations, in addition to broadcasting on the FM or DAB+ network, already have a program available online. Also, audience growth increases advertiser interest. Although four and a half billion people have access to the Internet, in this paper I will claim that, thanks to the hybrid model, the future of radio is not exclusively in the online sphere, and that in the coming decades the Internet will be an additional tool for increasing the number of listeners and expanding the commercial market.
 Article received: May 12, 2022: Article accepted: July 15, 2022; Published online: October 15, 2022; Original scholarly paper

Energy-Constrained UAV Flight Scheduling for IoT Data Collection With 60 GHz Communication

In recent years, the data from Internet of Things (IoT) devices is growing at a rapid pace, and the data collection issues have attracted more and more attention. Distinct from existing solutions which usually adopted traditional wireless technologies achieving low-bandwidth data connections towards IoT devices, this paper adopts the 60 GHz communication technology which is with increasing maturity, providing high-bandwidth wireless transmission for data-intensive IoT devices, such as high-definition (HD) cameras. However, 60 GHz links are subject to line-of-sight short communication range, therefore, we propose to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to fly over data-intensive IoT devices and achieve short-range high-throughput 60 GHz transmission in this paper. Moreover, for a set of HD cameras deployed in the linear scenario, multiple UAV flights are assigned to collect data by 60 GHz communication. To this end, we investigate the UAV flight scheduling (UFS) problem which aims to minimize the number of UAV flights while satisfying the data requirements of all ground cameras (GCs) with limitations of UAV’s energy and data storage. We prove that the UFS problem is NP-hard and design efficient algorithms with constant theoretical approximation ratios. Specifically, we first study a special case of the UFS problem where all the cameras are on the same direction of the UAV ground station, and propose two algorithms NF_SUFS and FF_SUFS, whose approximation ratios are both proved to be 2 by theoretical analysis. Then, we extend the algorithms to a more general case with the cameras on both directions of the ground station along the road, and put forward the FF_UFS algorithm that achieves an approximation ratio of 3. Finally, we conduct experiments to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms.

Design and Formal Analysis of a Lightweight MIPv6 Authentication Scheme

The emergence of mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) significantly affected how we live and work, while it still faces more security threats than traditional wireless networks. On the other hand, most mobile devices have constrained computing and storage resources. The network environment is complex, and the network topology also changes very frequently. Although various security protocols have been proposed for authentication in MIPv6, there are still some challenges. First, most of the subsisting authentication schemes cannot work in resource-constrained environments. Second, each of these authentication protocols has some defects, which may lead to serious consequences. So it is valuable and crucial to conduct security analysis at the design stage of protocols. Currently, most researchers attempt adopting informal methods, which are not as effective and suitable as formal methods. Some researchers have been conscious of the advantages of using formal methods to verify protocols. However, the approaches are too complex to understand for those who are not familiar with formal methods. In light of these challenges, we propose a lightweight MIPv6 authentication scheme for environments with low resources. We conduct a security analysis and performance comparison of the proposed authentication scheme. In particular, we use the SVO logic to formally analyze its security. We also explain how to use this formal method, which can be regarded as an example to better illustrate the application of formal analysis in MIPv6 authentication schemes.

Radio Resource Allocation for Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computation Networks

Integrated sensing, communication, and computation (ISCC) will become a key enabler for automation applications. However, since the performance region of ISCC has a higher dimension than those of traditional wireless networks, existing schedulers typically fail to simultaneously meet the heterogeneous requests in ISCC. In this work, we propose a novel wireless scheduling architecture to explore the coordination gains of sensing, communication, and computation from a perspective of joint optimization. Specifically, we first construct an implementation framework of ISCC by combining the mobile edge computing paradigm with the integrated sensing and communication technology, where the inherent tradeoff between sensing, communication, and computation performance is characterized. Next, a joint device association and subchannel assignment problem is formulated to capture the network externalities induced by resource competition among mobile devices with multi-functional requirements. Due to its intractability, we then reformulate it in the matching theoretical manner. To obtain a mutually satisfactory solution under externalities, an iterative matching algorithm is developed by introducing pairwise stability and proved to be convergent and stable. The extensive simulations elucidate the significant superiority of our proposed scheme over those externality-unaware wireless schedulers.

Simulation Test Research on Typical Simulator NS-2 in Urban Vehicle Ad Hoc Network Based on Big Data

Abstract Vehicle ad hoc network (VANET) has gradually become a prominent research topic in the fields of wireless networks and intelligent vehicles. VANETs are unique mobile ad hoc networks with vehicles as their mobile nodes, presenting distinctive performance characteristics compared to traditional wireless self-organizing networks. In recent years, VANETs have gained significant attention in the wireless network and intelligent transportation domain. As an integral aspect of autonomous driving technology, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication spans multiple disciplines and is closely related to intelligent transportation, assisted driving, active safety, and smart vehicles. Evaluating VANET protocols and applications in real-world settings can be challenging. Therefore, utilizing simulation tools for VANET research is an effective approach. In this paper, we have designed and developed an optimized platform that uses IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11p protocols for communication within a simulated urban traffic environment created with NS-2. The simulation results confirm the feasibility and rationale of applying the IEEE 802.11p protocol to wireless vehicular ad hoc networks. Within a distance of 300 m, at 0.0000 s, 14 key packets have not arrived in IEEE 802.11a, and 8 packets have not arrived in IEEE 802.11p; at 8.0000 s, 38 key packets have not arrived in IEEE802.11a, and 6 packets have not arrived in IEEE802.11p. Comparing the performance of IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11p, the study concluded that the use of the 802.11p protocol in urban mobile environments can improve reliability and reduce average packet latency.

A forensic investigation framework for Internet of Things monitoring

With low-energy wireless sensing platforms enabling communications between the physical world and numerous Internet based digital devices, Internet connected physical objects have blurred the lines that traditionally separated a physical scene from the digital scene. Whilst sophisticated new Internet enabled physical objects are rapidly introduced for various IoT applications, the increasing variety and similarities of the connected Things to ordinary physical objects has significant implications for the digital forensic process of identification. The often-constrained Things, however, communicate utilizing new and improved technologies that provide for robust wireless communications where other traditional wireless technologies are less suitable. This brings the opportunity to gather valuable insights from the radio frequency signals of a physical environment. This research introduces a novel concept of harnessing radio frequency signals to discover, determine and locate the wireless sensing deployments of a digital scene. A model of the system for IoT monitoring combines the processes of collecting communications between connected Things, building the logical topologies and predicting the locations of disparate Things. The design of this solution is suited to benefit both forensic investigators and law enforcement agencies.

Digital audio and programmatic ad buying: status and prospects in the post-pandemic context

This article examines the implementation of programmatic buying in the digital audio sector. The sustained growth present in the different markets helps the consolidation of this medium that brings enormous benefits to commercial communication. The main aim of this research is to understand the current situation of the programmatic audio advertising buying sector. In order to address the object of study, an exploratory approach has been carried out by applying a qualitative and quantitative methodology developed with professionals from the sector and supported by the collaboration of entities such as IAB and Programmatic Spain. The results show that there is a greater commitment by brands to invest in digital audio due to its flexibility and the ability to send segmented messages with greater effectiveness and consumer engagement. As a non-invasive medium, the inclusion of digital audio in media plans has a direct impact on listener’s attention. Data shows that there has been a significant increase in the consumption of streaming music, online radio, and podcasts. Nevertheless, investment is still focused on traditional radio and the results of the study show a reluctance to plan integrated campaigns. Moreover, the difficulty in measuring return on investment is a major deterrent to the investment attracted. Professionals interviewed say that the market provides transparency and quality guarantees, as opposed to other problems such as fraud in data measurement that have slowed down investment in the past.

Research and Implementation of Indoor 3D Positioning Algorithm Based on LED Visible Light Communication and Corresponding Parameter Estimation.

In the era of mobile Internet, the application of various positioning-based location service systems is becoming more and more common. In addition, the traditional radio positioning system is limited in the use of special environments such as mines, hospitals, and gas stations, and long-term electromagnetic radiation can cause potential damage to the human body. Compared with the traditional wireless positioning technology, VLC-based positioning technology has a good application prospect in the field of indoor wireless positioning. Compared with traditional radio positioning technology, the use of VLC technology to achieve indoor positioning is different in that the system design and layout need to consider the basic needs of indoor lighting; that is, the layout of multiple visible light sources in the room should meet the minimum illumination requirements of any area of the room. Since the layout structure of the light source that only considers the lighting requirements or only considers the positioning accuracy requirements is not the same, in the design process of the indoor visible light wireless positioning system, it is necessary to consider the overall optimization layout of multiple indoor visible light sources under the conditions of lighting and positioning constraints. This paper mainly optimizes indoor positioning from the aspects of light source layout, reflected light intensity distribution, and noise model.

A Bioactive and Photoresponsive Platform for Wireless Electrical Stimulation to Promote Neurogenesis.

Delivering electrical signals to neural cells and tissue has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of nerve injuries. Unlike traditional wired electrical stimulation, wireless and remote light stimulation provides less invasive and longer-lasting interfaces, holding great promise in the treatment of nerve injuries and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as human-computer interaction. Additionally, a bioactive matrix that bridges the injured gap and induces nerve regeneration is essential for injured nerve repair. However, it is still challenging to construct a 3D biomimetic cell niche with optoelectrical responsiveness. Herein, a bioactive platform for remote and wireless optoelectrical stimulation is established by incorporating hydrophilic poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles (P3HT NPs) into a biomimetic hydrogel matrix. Moreover, the hydrogel matrix is modified by varying the composition and/or the crosslinking degree to meet the needs of different application scenarios. When exposed to pulsed green light, P3HT NPs in hydrogels convert light signals into electrical signals, resulting in the generation of tens of picoampere photocurrent, which is proved to promote the growth of cortical neurons that covered by hydrogels and the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) encapsulated in hydrogels. This work is of great significance for the design of next-generation neural electrodes and scaffolds.

Design and Control of a Decoupled Multichannel Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Multilevel Inverters

Traditional multichannel wireless power transfer (WPT) systems suffer from the complex system structure and cross-interference among receivers. To solve such problems, this article presents the design and control methods of a decoupled multichannel WPT system based on multilevel inverters. A single-phase multilevel inverter is utilized to drive the transmitter circuit with a voltage waveform consisting of multiple components. Particularly, these components are independent in the frequency spectrum, and their amplitudes can be controlled independently. Moreover, primary compensation is used to offer multiple frequencies for the primary circuit. Additional damping filters are used in the secondary circuits to reduce the cross-interference between the receivers. In addition, the features of the system topology are analyzed, and an exact parameter design method is presented. Furthermore, combined with the neutral point voltage balance strategy, a simple vector-based control method is proposed to regulate the transmitted power in each power channel. As a result, the power can be transferred to loads through the designed power channels simultaneously without mutual interference. Finally, both simulation and experiment of a 1-kW experimental prototype with SIC-MOSFET are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed multichannel WPT system and the control strategy.

Multi-Channel Data Aggregation Scheduling Based on the Chaotic Firework Algorithm for the Battery-Free Wireless Sensor Network

The emergence of battery-free wireless sensor networks (benefiting from the ability to collect energy from the surroundings) has broken through the energy and lifetime limitations of traditional wireless sensor network systems, but also brings challenges to the sharing of network resources. In the multi-channel wireless communication environment, in particular, how to coordinate the communication time and occupied channels of a large number of sensor nodes from the perspective of optimizing the global network has become a research problem that must be solved. To reduce the transmission delay and the usage of wireless channels, a new multi-channel data aggregation scheduling method based on the chaotic firework algorithm is proposed in this paper. With the help of the generation function of feasible solutions, one scheduling set and a firework individual can be rapidly converted to each other. By the operations of firework explosions, the Gaussian mutation, and chaotic exploration, a sub-optimal scheduling set could be found during an acceptable time period. Finally, simulation results show that the new scheduling method has advantages in aggregation delay and occupied channels when compared with existing methods.

Detection and Blind Channel Estimation for UAV-Aided Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities Under Mobile Jamming Attack

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be integrated into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for smart city applications in several ways. Among them, a UAV can be employed as a relay in a "store-carry and forward" fashion by uploading data from ground sensors and metering devices and, then, downloading it to a central unit. However, both the uploading and downloading phases can be prone to potential threats and attacks. As a legacy from traditional wireless networks, the jamming attack is still one of the major and serious threats to UAV-aided communications, especially when also the jammer is mobile, e.g., it is mounted on a UAV or inside a terrestrial vehicle. In this paper, we investigate anti-jamming communications for UAV-aided WSNs operating over doubly-selective channels in the downloading phase. In such a scenario, the signals transmitted by the UAV and the malicious mobile jammer undergo both time dispersion due to multipath propagation effects and frequency dispersion caused by their mobility. To suppress high-power jamming signals, we propose a blind physical-layer technique that jointly detects the UAV and jammer symbols through serial disturbance cancellation based on symbol-level post-sorting of the detector output. Amplitudes, phases, time delays, and Doppler shifts - required to implement the proposed detection strategy - are blindly estimated from data through the use of algorithms that exploit the almost-cyclostationarity properties of the received signal and the detailed structure of multicarrier modulation format. Simulation results corroborate the anti-jamming capabilities of the proposed method, for different mobility scenarios of the jammer.

Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Their Application for Reform and Development of Table Tennis Training in Complex Environments.

The development of information technology has been deployed in almost all sectors and is making life easier. In this development, the sports sector has seen tremendous expansion. In traditional table tennis training, the coach and the players have to meet daily to take appropriate training for the game. This process is time-consuming in a complex environment, and it will have a significant impact on the reformation and development of table tennis training. The utilization of improved technologies can overcome this challenge by performing training of the game online with an intelligent wireless system with advanced training mechanisms. Carrying the traditional and heavier intelligent wireless devices will be difficult for the players. In this research, the fine-grained evaluation (FGE) system is incorporated into the deep learning model to analyze the player's body postures during the training and event sessions and make them develop after each session through online training in any circumstance. The proposed FGE was compared with the traditional statistical model, and it was observed that the proposed FGE had obtained higher precision and recall values of 70% and 98.9% than the statistical model.

Podcasting: The Radio of Generation Z in Spain

The fact that traditional radio is synchronous and unidirectional, with little or no room for interaction and content selection, is one of the main reasons why young people have turned their backs on it. In retrospect, conventional radio never cared for the younger generation, never designing strategies to bring them in. As a result, radio lost its relevance and it does not feature as part of young people’s digital diet. Over the last year, the number of podcast consumers has steadily increased, which is causing this format to become more and more cemented in society. It could be a way to gain younger listeners, an opportunity not to be missed by the radio industry. In the past, young people continued to listen to the radio as they got older, but that is no longer the case nor is radio seen as the go-to resource for new musical content. The challenge for radio is clear: regaining its influence through proposals with added value to differentiate itself from global platforms. In order to carry out this research, a total of 410 young university students were surveyed. The results show what the current picture is in such a changing atmosphere. It has been observed that this audience bases their audio consumption on personal preferences, they mainly access it via social media and they would find it useful and interesting to create their own podcast. This paper includes a podcast where academic experts and audio professionals, interviewed for the doctoral thesis “xxx (anonymity for review)”, reflect on the strategies that radio should adopt in order to gain young listeners.

Cultural Differences of Basketball between China and the United States and Its Concept in Basketball Teaching under the Background of Wireless Network Intelligence Technology

The increasingly extensive socialization trend has led to the comprehensive innovation of sports. The development of Chinese basketball should be based on the successful experience of the development of professional basketball in the United States. The development of China’s basketball has a solid cultural and mass foundation, but we should not be proud and arrogant. It is necessary to make full use of the critical and inherited attitude to learn and absorb the excellent and advanced knowledge of American basketball culture. At present, there are still some problems that need to be further explored. The purpose of this paper is to research and discuss the cultural differences of basketball between China and the United States and their concepts in basketball teaching based on the background of wireless network intelligence technology. This paper firstly analyzes and introduces the difference between the wireless network and wireless sensor network. The main design goal of traditional wireless networks is to improve service quality and efficiently use bandwidth and then consider energy saving, while the main design goal of sensor networks is to use energy efficiently, which is one of the most important differences between sensor networks and traditional networks, to analyze the differences between Chinese and American basketball cultures, to understand the impact of Chinese and American basketball cultural differences on basketball teaching concepts, and to compare and study the differences between Chinese and American basketball culture and their teaching philosophy in basketball. Using the method of this article, through the analysis of experimental data, we understand the impact of Chinese and American basketball cultural differences on basketball teaching concepts and find that Chinese and American basketball cultural differences play an important role in basketball teaching concepts, with a satisfaction rate of 66%. Through theory and experiments, based on the data, it is analyzed that the impact of the differences between Chinese and American basketball cultures on basketball teaching concepts reaches 50%. The research results show that the differences between Chinese and American basketball cultures play an important role in basketball teaching concepts and can be used to promote the development of basketball culture and skills.