Traditional Way Of Life Research Articles

Increased Frequencies of ‒174G and ‒572C <i>IL6</i> Alleles in Populations of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia Compared to Russians

The study of immune response and inflammation gene polymorphism in a genogeographic context is a relevant direction in the study of human populations. Here, in the indigenous populations of Siberia the frequencies of polymorphic variants ‒174G/C (rs1800795) и ‒572C/G (rs1800796) of the IL6 gene encoding the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 were determined. For the first time, it was shown that the frequencies of ‒174G and ‒572C alleles, which determine increased inflammatory response and also associated with several diseases were statistically significantly higher in ethnic groups of Buryats, Teleuts, Yakuts, Dolgans and Tuvinians than in Russians living in Siberia. These values were in the intermediate position between those in European and East-Asian groups. We suppose the adaptive role of these IL6 genetic variants in the human settlement from Africa to the Eurasian continent. However, due to the departure from the traditional way of life and increasing anthropogenic environmental pollution, the risk of diseases whose pathogenesis is based on inflammation in indigenous Siberian populations is probably increased.

Current issues and Countermeasures of Smart City Construction: the case study in China

As an emerging pattern in city planning around the globe, the smart city is gradually changing people's traditional way of life. Building smart cities can boost domestic demand, drive the growth of innovative industries, and promote regional economic development. It helps to enhance the core competitiveness of cities and allows them to gain a competitive advantage in the fierce regional competition. China has led the way in the construction of smart cities in recent decades. This paper provides a concise overview of the evolution of Chinese smart city policy and relevant strategies, and it analyses some of the challenges encountered along the way. The main problems can be divided into three: lack of specific plans, concerns about environmental protection, and low degree of citizen participation and information privacy. This paper puts forward relevant recommendations based on these problems as follows: scientific planning and rational layout increased investment, implementation of the concept of sustainable development, and introduction of public participation and protection of information privacy. These recommendations can aid in the growth of smart cities in China and serve as a point of reference for the relevant government agencies and smart city-related businesses in China and abroad, boosting the sustainable and healthful growth of the smart city.

Уламжлалт мэдлэгийн холбогдолтой үг, хэллэгийн судалгаа (Малын зарим тоног, хэрэгслийн нэрийн жишээгээр)

This article shows the statistical results of sociolinguistic research on practical knowledge of traditional vocabulary and terminology associated with nomadic livestock industry accessories. The study was conducted among two groups of high schoolers of the 11th-grade general education school of Ulaanbaatar, and the 11th-grade general education school of the Bayandelger sum of Sukhbaatar aimag. It is noted that the number and age of participants /15-16 years old/ of the survey, respectively, is identical. Comparative results of the research, data on the practical knowledge of the survey participants in the field of traditional vocabulary and terminology related to livestock industry accessories are attached in percentage terms. The study showed that participants' practical knowledge of traditional terminology of livestock equipment varied by species. In recent few decades, due to urbanization, the current social situation and the needs arising from it, the migration of people to urban areas has continuously increased, which ultimately led to the way of life of the Mongols intensively moving away from the traditional way of life of a nomadic civilization based on animal husbandry. At the same time, the results of the study show that the rapid development of technology, the consumer world of electronic and digital gadgets and social networks actively influence the interests of children and youth, create new conditions in the trend of modern education, the demand for jobs and professions. As a result, these social factors have a significant impact on the acquisition of traditional knowledge among the younger generation.

Increased Frequencies of the -174G and -572C IL6 Alleles in Populations of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia Compared to Russians

The study of immune response and inflammation gene polymorphisms in a genogeographic context is relevant in the study of human populations. Here, in the indigenous populations of Siberia the frequencies of polymorphic variants -174G/C (rs1800795) and -572C/G (rs1800796) of the IL6 gene encoding the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 were determined. For the first time, it was shown that the frequencies of the -174G and -572C alleles, which determine increased inflammatory response and are also associated with several diseases were statistically significantly higher in ethnic groups of Buryats, Teleuts, Yakuts, Dolgans and Tuvinians than in Russians living in Siberia. These values were in the intermediate position between those in the European and East-Asian groups. We hypothesize an adaptive role of these IL6 genetic variants in human settlement from Africa to the Eurasian continent. However, due to the departure from the traditional way of life and the increasing anthropogenic environmental pollution, the risk of diseases whose pathogenesis is based on inflammation in indigenous Siberian populations is likely increased.

An ethnographic study on the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on indigenous people and their coping strategies in Bangladesh

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented suffering to the lives and livelihoods of indigenous people across the country, especially in the south-eastern parts of Bangladesh, but the situation has rarely reported by the mass media and academic literature. This study was an attempt to find out the impacts and vulnerabilities of COVID-19 on the indigenous Chakma community at Rangamati sadar (sub-district) of Rangamati (district) in the Chattogram Hill Tracts (CHT) area, Bangladesh. It also aimed to investigate how indigenous people respond to the pandemic and how they can develop resilience to adapt to the adverse situation. For conducting this study, a critical ethnographic approach was adopted, along with participant observation, in-depth interview, and focus group (FGs) for collecting data in the study area. The findings of the study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic severely affects the traditional way of life, mythology, culture, food security, economic activities, and educational activities, along with increasing health risks for the people of the indigenous community. However, indigenous people respond to this pandemic in their own ways, involving their ancestors’ works, avoiding dependence on market systems, keeping faith in traditional medicines, building close relation to nature, along with following some health guidelines announced by government. This work refutes the existing mainstream discourse that indigenous people are unwittingly vulnerable and docile in their waiting for outside assistance.

The Cultural Identity of Mien Ethnic Group in a Digital Era


 
 
 
 Purpose: The study aimed to identify the cultural identity of the Mien ethnic group and their adaptation to dominant society.
 
 Theoretical Framework: The study was conducted physically at Mae Yao District of Chiang Rai Province, located in the northern part of Thailand.
 
 Methodology: The qualitative study employed Esser model of social integration. Primary data was collected from focus groups, in-depth interviews, on-site observations, and secondary data from related documents and research work.
 
 Findings: As part of Thailand's rural population, hill tribes were considered as vulnerable group of society, who mainly depends on slash and burn subsistence farming lifestyle with low-income employment, socially distanced, low education, and poverty. Through the Royal Project of King Rama IX initiatives, issues concerning hill tribe livelihood, including quality of life and cultural preservation have been addressed. 
 
 Research, Practical & Social Implications: Socio-economic status and socio-cultural mingling in dominant society for their livelihood are the most significant factors that consequently impact upon their thinking patterns of the individuals and community. Although technology such as mobile phones and the Internet has played an explicit role in the community today, preserving the traditional way of life without oblivion still exists. Digital culture therefore becomes an essential aspect of the community's way of life with the influence of digital media.
 
 Originality: This study provides important impacts to a better identification of the Mien ethnic group cultural and their adaptation to dominant society.
 
 
 

'Rory Gallagher's Leprechaun Boogie': Irish Stereotyping in the International Music Press

This paper seeks to explore the presence of Irish stereotyping in the international music press using a case study of the Irish blues rock musician Rory Gallagher. Using a dataset of 600 articles about Gallagher published between 1968 and 1998, it draws upon a combination of corpus and thematic analysis to identify frequently occurring Irish stereotypes and how they were used to describe him, embedding arguments in postcolonial theory, particularly the work of Homi K. Bhabha. The analysis identifies five major themes—the Irish as violent troublemakers; the Irish as heavy drinkers; the ‘Irish’ way of talking; the Irish as ‘dumb Paddys’; Irish folklore and traditional ways of life—highlighting the different roles into which Gallagher was unwillingly cast by the music press. These references often wrapped Irish prejudice in a cloak of fun and frivolity, which made it seem harmless and trivial. However, such disparagement humour fostered discrimination by moulding (negative) public opinion of what it meant to be Irish at a time when Anglo-Irish tensions were already high and ignored the deeply emotional impact of the Northern Irish conflict on Gallagher. It also took attention away from Gallagher’s music and, in doing so, downplayed the important contribution he made to the world of blues and rock. Keywords: Rory Gallagher; music press; Irish; Ireland; stereotypes; disparagement humour; postcolonialism

Spatial Distribution of Urban Heritage and Landscape Approach to Urban Contextual Continuity: The Case of Suzhou

Suzhou, one of the most famous historical cities in China, has undergone significant urbanization over recent decades. These changes have caused a gradual separation of Suzhou’s urban heritage from its urban development and hindered the further growth of the city. This study analyzes the distribution of tangible and intangible heritages that constitute the context of Suzhou combined with the historic urban landscape approach to obtain the following conclusions: (1) The current distribution of Suzhou’s urban heritage does not completely overlap with the built-up area of the city, and the non-overlapping areas reveal the imbalance of the current urban development and the fracture of the context of Suzhou; this imbalance is still a blind spot in the planning process. (2) The use of intangible cultural heritage will help to establish the possibility of contextual continuation in areas that lack urban heritage. (3) Multi-use community spaces that carry the intangible cultural heritage are particularly important for new urban areas, as they can help urban residents understand the traditional way of life in the region. (4) An approach to heritage management that goes beyond elitism, in conjunction with residents and communities, will help the ancient city to find a better balance between contextual continuity and economic development.

Changing the Image of Woman and the Family Model: Rethinking the Traditional Way of Life in the Current Realities of Japanese Society

The paper focuses on the study of the image of Japanese mothers in modern Japanese society in the context of rethinking the traditional way of life. In the course of the research, there was made an attempt to establish what underlies the value model of modern Japanese women and to analyze the degree of influence of habitual traditional gender stereotypes. The author considers the phases of the formation of the family institution in Japan and states that the principles of Confucian ethics, manifested in the presence of moral norms of behavior, attitudes and prescriptions, can be traced in the minds of modern Japanese. However, in the conditions of accelerated socialization of women and the ongoing process of atomization of families, the burden of responsibility from traditional expectations put on a woman increases, leading to adverse consequences in the form of “neuroses in the background of raising children”. The article discusses the changes in the structure of female employment over the past decades, in order to identify problems associated with the distribution of gender roles and the changing position of Japanese women in society. As a result of the study, it was suggested that despite the tendency in Japan to shift the value model towards individualism, the features of traditional family ideology are preserved, as evidenced by the presence of numerous proverbs and idioms of the Japanese language dedicated to family relationships and based on Confucian ethics. In such a society, social roles and labor functions are still divided and consolidated, the observance of the hierarchy is maintained, despite the disintegration of traditional ties, social division, separation from the clan and large family groups.

Ambiente, saúde e covid-19: da crise global à existência sustentável

Abstract This essay analyzes the socio-sanitary impacts exerted by the environment, incorporating the dynamics brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and unveiling its repercussions. Countries that failed to prevent the virus spread and to established effective and collaborative intervention measures were hit the hardest. Environmental destruction reached new heights in the pandemic, as have the threats faced by its defenders, further aggravating the crisis. In this scenario one can highlight the risks posed to Brazilian Indigenous peoples and Latin American environmentalists; the emergence of dangerous groups; and the implementation of government policies with critical effects on environmental preservation that put traditional ways of life at risk. It is thus recognized that the planet faces not only a health crisis, but also a socioeconomic and environmental one. To overcome such heterogeneous crisis, efforts must be multifaceted, involving: caring for health and ecosystems; eliminating global poverty and sanitary inequality; reducing environmental risks; protecting traditional ways of life; defending democracies and human rights; and fostering sustainable development policies and international cooperation. These efforts will also affect the years to come, minimizing the risks of new pandemics and acting to preserve the environment.

Sofisti i ideja obrazovanja

In this paper, the author analyses the new concept of education and upbringing, which emerged at the time of the first philosophical reflections on the place, role and importance of education for a community. The fifth century B.C. represents one of the most significant periods in the advancement of European culture, when problems of education and upbringing were first raised to the level of philosophical analysis. The crisis of the old traditional way of life and the emergence of democracy as the new form of political action created the need for re-examining the previous forms of education and designing a new one which would meet the needs of the new age. Moreover, a new understanding of paideia emerged. It was no longer the term signifying the education of children but was used for the whole shaping of Man in accordance with the new ideal of human nature. During that process, Sophists played the most significant role. As teachers of political arete, they simultaneously raised the general education of citizens to an unprecedented level and developed formal education with a particular emphasis on rhetoric, grammar, dialectics and mathematics. This paper also explores different forms of teaching that the Sophists employed as well as their influence and relevance in the development of teaching in the following centuries.

ԱՎԱՏԱԿԱՆ ԿԵՆՍԱԿԵՐՊԻ ԿԱԶՄԱԼՈՒԾՄԱՆ ՊԱՀՊԱՆՈՂԱԿԱՆ ԱՐՁԱԳԱՆՔԸ Պերճ Պռոշյանի «Սոս և Վարդիթեր» և «Հացի խնդիր» վեպերում

If, thanks to the enlightenment movement, traditional thinking, the values that organize patriarchal life, the nature of human relations and the emotional manifestations of psychology have radically changed, then conservative culture had a completely traditional epistemological context. Enlightenment attitude formed in the minds of a new structure of perception of time, revived the order of the future, making it the main focus of activity. In the context of this worldview, history has already been perceived in the past, present and future dimensions of time. Meanwhile, conservatives envisioned the future as a sprawling present. And traditionalists perceived defamation as damage to morality and the traditional way of life. All the ideological content and emotional depth of Proshyan's works is an artistic expression of this historical process. It is characterized as a unique defensive cultural confrontation with artistic potential, character building, and a historically unique storytelling typology.

ОПІР ГЕНОЦИДНІЙ ПОЛІТИЦІ КОМУНІСТИЧНОГО ТОТАЛІТАРНОГО РЕЖИМУ В 1932-1933 РР. ЗА ДОКУМЕНТАМИ ФОНДІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МУЗЕЮ ГОЛОДОМОРУ-ГЕНОЦИДУ

The turn of the 1920s and 1930s, and above all, the period of the Holodomor genocide, was, for the Ukrainian nation, at times, perhaps the most difficult experience in its history. Stalin and his entourage's efforts to establish the communist system through radical social and economic transformations and permanent state terror (perpetrated by the Stalinist repressive machine) directly threatened the traditional way of life of Ukrainian farmers owners. The foundations of their centuries-old existence were undermined, putting millions of hard-working, wealthy owners on the verge of survival. There were these processes both in Soviet Ukraine and in the compact resettlement areas of hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians in other regions of the USSR. In response, the Ukrainian peasantry tried to resist communist domination by all means, actively participating in protest actions that had different forms of manifestation and specificity (often turning into an openly armed insurgent struggle). The presented study, based on the materials of archival and investigative cases transferred to the funds of the National Museum of the Holodomor-genocide from the Sectoral State Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, highlights the individual, most common types and methods of Ukrainians' resistance to the genocidal policies of the communist totalitarian regime in 1932–1933. On the examples of tragic life stories of specific individuals, the figures of the specified archival and investigative documents, their reactions to the communist experiments implemented by the regime, behavioural survival strategies, etc., are considered. Attention is focused on highlighting the aspirations of the accused, their vision and their assessment of the rapid social and economic changes at the local level. Simultaneously, it shows the results of the activity of the then-Soviet punitive and repressive system, particularly the judicial system, based on interrogation protocols, relevant resolutions and sentences.

Experience of collecting medicinal plants in an ethno-ecological nomadic camp

The article deals with the experience of nomadic ethno-ecological camp for children of Even - indigenous minorities of the North, where in addition to learning their native language, schoolchildren collect medicinal plants. A nomadic camp is a form of organising a temporary children's group in the summer for the education and upbringing of children. The creation of nomadic conditions, in-depth study of the native language in natural life conditions in the process of labour and traditional way of life, familiarisation with folk traditions, customs and rituals, transmission of ethnic culture values, study of the toponymy of the native land - all this constitutes a substantial system of pedagogical conditions, the aim and objectives of the nomadic camp's activities.

Climate change evaluations by inhabitants of the high-mountain regions of Russia: risks and security issues

The high-mountain areas of Russia including areas of the Altai Republic are characterized by intense climate change, the consequences of which in the long term will have a tangible impact on their socio-economic development, the level of security and well-being of the population. The article presents the results of sociological surveys of the population in six settlements of Kosh-Agachsky and Ulagansky districts of the Altai Republic, located near the centers of dangerous exogenous processes (n = 403), which allowed to describe the perception of climate threats and to articulate the risks that are of greater concern to residents and affect the preservation of their traditional way of life and ways of doing business.

СІМЕЙНЕФЕРМЕРСТВОУРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СКЛАДОВИХ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Тask statement. The purpose of this study is to study the role of family farms in balanced development according to the economic, ecological and social components of the concept of sustainable development. Research results. It was determined that the basis for the creation of family farms in rural areas of Ukraine are households that own plots of land and are engaged in the production and sale of crop and livestock products. The importance of family farms in reducing poverty and improving global food security has been determined. The productivity of agriculture in households and the reasons affecting its relatively low level are analyzed. It is proven that households provide food for their households and produce a variety of products, including fruits, vegetables, meat and dairy products. A SWOT analysis of the functioning of households (potential family farms) in terms of three main components of sustainable development: economic, ecological and social was carried out. Conclusion. It has been proven that family farms are one of the main factors of sustainable development of rural areas. In terms of environmental sustainability, family farms are sustainable if they are diversified and well managed. From a social point of view, family farming is the best way to preserve the countryside, the traditional way of life of the peasants, the formation of a middle class in the countryside and economically strong rural communities. Family farms contribute to the economic sustainability of the agricultural sector, regulate the fulfillment of priority goals of sustainable development and partially ensure the country's food security.

The impact of Thai-Laos border trade during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of the Nong Khai Customs House in Thailand.

The aim of this research was to examine the effects of Thai-Laos border trade during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 in Mueang Nong Khai District, Nong Khai Province, Thailand. A Case Study of the Nong Khai Customs House. This was qualitative research with a sample group of 20 merchants and transport operators on the Thai-Laos border, using an in-depth interview as a study tool. Use content analysis to analyze the data and present the findings with descriptive statistics. According to the findings, the economic impact of the Nong Khai customs house had an increased export value of approximately 37.26% compared to 2020, because most of the products exported can be transported by truck. Nevertheless, the import value decreased compared to 2021 due to the epidemic of the COVID-19 virus, which caused individuals and enterprises to be uncertain about the country's economic status, resulting in a decrease in the import of high-priced goods for domestic sales. The socio-cultural impact is minimal in this area since the people continue to follow the traditional ways of life and culture according to their religion as usual. The political impact the government has passed legislation to block the first Thai-Laos Friendship Bridge, preventing people from entering and departing the nation via the Nong Khai customs house. There is less impact on the trade of consumer goods through the border, but individuals and enterprises have adapted by changing the distribution channel to online. There are also measures to help people by reducing duty rates and exempting customs duties from the government.

Collection of Buryat Good Wishes in the S.P. Baldaev Fund of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of IMBT

The article is dedicated to the Buryat blessings or well-wishes (yurools) used in late 19th /early 20th century, collected in various areas of Buryatia by a local folklorist S.P. Baldaev. The study is based on the case No. 475 of Baldaev’s fund. The purpose of the article is to analyze the collection of wishes from the specified fund as historical sources. The following tasks were defined: typing down the text of the wishes; describing the fund’s structure; sorting content by topic; revealing the difference in interpretation of the words «yureel» and «yurool»; examining lexical features of the text. Source studies and textual analysis were used as the primary research methods. As a result, the authors concluded that this fund contains unpublished folklore records made by a researcher of the late 19th – early 20th century that are extremely valuable for various fields of research. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that this fund, a huge storehouse of Buryat oral folk art, has been studied for the first time. The publication of these materials makes it possible to reconstructi the traditional way of life and worldview of the Buryats, preserve and transmit it to the future generations. The research of the block of wishes from the fund revealed that some yurools recorded in different regions are repeated with minor differences. This suggests that the culture of wishes was largely the same in different Buryat tribes, and some Yurools were quite widespread.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES AMONG THE GARO COMMUNITY: A STUDY ON TANGAIL DISTRICT

This article focuses on the Garo ethnic group, which is among the most neglected indigenous people in Bangladesh. The study aims to understand their livelihood pattern from the past to the present and to identify the factors that have led to changes in their livelihood. The research was carried out among the Garo community residing in the Madhupur pazila located in the Tangail district of Bangladesh. The study used both historical and exploratory data, with historical data being obtained from secondary sources such as books, journals, reports, and census data. The study used qualitative research methods and selected 13 Garo people through purposive sampling. The study found that Garo's traditional way of life is under threat, and they are adopting a completely new way of life due to various internal and external factors such as Christianity, NGOs, globalization, and social development. As a result, their traditional culture, including language, food habits, dress patterns, and religion, is under threat. The study also revealed that the Garo people face various problems such as health, sanitation, communication, electricity, and security. They need better transportation systems, more educational facilities, easy communication and government and non-governmental assistance in terms of material and financial support.

Native American Voting Rights in Utah: Federal Policy, Citizenship, and Voter Suppression

Native American Voting Rights in Utah: Federal Policy, Citizenship, and Voter Suppression