ОПІР ГЕНОЦИДНІЙ ПОЛІТИЦІ КОМУНІСТИЧНОГО ТОТАЛІТАРНОГО РЕЖИМУ В 1932-1933 РР. ЗА ДОКУМЕНТАМИ ФОНДІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МУЗЕЮ ГОЛОДОМОРУ-ГЕНОЦИДУ

Abstract

The turn of the 1920s and 1930s, and above all, the period of the Holodomor genocide, was, for the Ukrainian nation, at times, perhaps the most difficult experience in its history. Stalin and his entourage's efforts to establish the communist system through radical social and economic transformations and permanent state terror (perpetrated by the Stalinist repressive machine) directly threatened the traditional way of life of Ukrainian farmers owners. The foundations of their centuries-old existence were undermined, putting millions of hard-working, wealthy owners on the verge of survival. There were these processes both in Soviet Ukraine and in the compact resettlement areas of hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians in other regions of the USSR. In response, the Ukrainian peasantry tried to resist communist domination by all means, actively participating in protest actions that had different forms of manifestation and specificity (often turning into an openly armed insurgent struggle). The presented study, based on the materials of archival and investigative cases transferred to the funds of the National Museum of the Holodomor-genocide from the Sectoral State Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, highlights the individual, most common types and methods of Ukrainians' resistance to the genocidal policies of the communist totalitarian regime in 1932–1933. On the examples of tragic life stories of specific individuals, the figures of the specified archival and investigative documents, their reactions to the communist experiments implemented by the regime, behavioural survival strategies, etc., are considered. Attention is focused on highlighting the aspirations of the accused, their vision and their assessment of the rapid social and economic changes at the local level. Simultaneously, it shows the results of the activity of the then-Soviet punitive and repressive system, particularly the judicial system, based on interrogation protocols, relevant resolutions and sentences.