Traditional Terms Research Articles

Combined effects of heatwaves and air pollution, green space and blue space on the incidence of hypertension: A national cohort study

Extreme heat exposure has been associated with hypertension. However, its interactive influences with air pollution, green and blue spaces are unclear. This study aimed to explore the interaction between heatwaves, air pollution, green and blue spaces on hypertension. Cohort data enrolled 6448 Chinese older adults aged 65 years and over were derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) between 2008 and 2018. Nine heatwave definitions, combining three heat thresholds (92.5th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of daily maximum temperature) and three durations (≥2, 3 and 4 days) were used as time-varying variables in the analysis and were the one-year exposure before survival events. Fine particulate matter (PM ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the average proportion of open water bodies were used to reflect the air pollution, green and blue space exposures, respectively. PM2.5, green and blue space exposures were time-varying indicators and contemporaneous with heatwaves. Mixed Cox models with time-varying variables were fitted to assess the multiplicative and additive interaction of heatwaves, PM2.5, and green and blue spaces on hypertension, measured by a traditional product term with the ratio of hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk due to interaction (RERI), respectively. A positive multiplicative (HRs >1) and additive interaction (RERIs >0) between heatwaves and higher PM2.5 levels was observed. There was a synergistic effect between heatwaves and decreasing greenness levels on hypertension incidence on additive and multiplicative scales. No significant interaction between heatwaves and blue space was observed in the analysis. The combined effects of heatwaves, air pollution, green and blue space exposures on the risk of hypertension varied with age, gender, and educational attainment. This study's findings complemented the existing evidence and revealed synergistic harmful impacts for heatwaves with air pollution and lack of green space on hypertension incidence.

Meing Handicraft Division at Lamalerans Traditional Fishing Boats

Traditional fishermen in Lamalera have had a tradition of whaling for a long time, passed down from generation to generation. Whaling in the Lamalera tradition has a socio-cultural context. Thus, whaling is not only seen in a subsistence-economic framework, but in terms of certain cultures and traditions. Within that framework, whaling has a certain system that fishermen have been building for a long time. The Meing division of labor is one of the many subsystems in whaling. In practical terms, the success of whaling is highly dependent on the Meing's readiness to carry out his duties and roles on the boat. This division of roles shows that every element on board, regardless of shape and model, contributes to the success of whaling.

DALIHAN NATOLU DAN TRADISI MARGONDANG DALAM PERKAWINAN DI BATAK ANGKOLA

Marriage is a crucial thing in the marriage section, this is often considered urgent for every family. Marriage underlies two sides in its implementation, namely between religion and custom. Angkola Batak is one of the regions in Indonesia that has specialties in terms of tradition or culture in carrying out marriages that involve the social system of society and culture. The results of the study indicate that the social system of society that begins with the marriage bond gives rise to a dynamic position or position in the family sphere. This also makes this social system intact and strong to maintain the integrity of a marriage. In addition, the cultural values that exist in the tradition also have a good influence on maintaining the diversity that can be taken from the values that exist in its implementation.

THE MEANING OF "KARRA" IN ISLAMIC SOCIETY: A SYMBOLIC PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY IN ALOR DISTRICT, INDONESIA

This research is aimed at looking at the fact that a civilized society will develop well if that society has strong solidarity in interpreting the meaning of life that is constructed in the social world they are involved in. Then the questions raised in the formulation of the research problem are: 1) What is the meaning of Karra as a symbol of the social solidarity of the Alor Islamic Community in Alor Barat Utara District? This research aims to: (1) Describe and understand the meaning of Karra as a symbol of social solidarity for the Alor Islamic Community in Alor Barat Utara District. (2) Describe and understand the social construction of Karra as a social glue for kinship in the Alor Islamic community in Alor Barat Utara District, Alor Regency. Approach in qualitative research with Phenomenological research type. Qualitative research focuses more on looking at meaning, where the research process is more cyclical rather than linear. In this research, data collection and data analysis took place simultaneously, with greater emphasis on depth of content rather than breadth of research, and the researcher himself as the key informant or main instrument. The findings in this research are: 1. The meaning of Karra as a binding togetherness is a knowledge value that is rooted in social life for the Alor Islamic community. The meaning of Karra in the implementation of traditional circumcision is constructed as a value that is firmly embedded in the Alor community, both in terms of tradition and religion, becoming a local wisdom value that is maintained in the social changes of modern society. 2. Karra is a social value resulting from knowledge that is outside the environment of each individual Alor community. This karra is then constructed in the implementation of the Traditional Circumcision which contains Islamic values which are exposed through the dialectic of externalization, objectivation and internalization as a reality followed by the people of Alor for generations, the majority of whom are Muslim.

An Online Survey on the Contemporary Use of Spousal Terms in the Chinese Language

The present study conducted an online survey on the use of spousal terms in the Chinese Language with 460 participants (327 female, 133 male) aged between 20 and 50. The results showed that both young and older people most commonly use “老公 lǎogōng” (old lord) to refer to male spouses and “老婆 lǎopo” (old granny) for female spouses. The gender-neutral term “爱人 àiren” (loved one), popular in the 1950s through the 1970s, is only used by a few middle-aged and elderly people. Meanwhile, the traditional terms “先生xiānsheng” (senior) and “太太 tàitai” (madam) are making a comeback. Notably, “太太 tàitai” (madam), which used to be taboo, was the second most preferred term among female spouses. “丈夫 zhàngfu” (tall man) and “妻子 qīzi” (wife) are now used almost exclusively in formal written language rather than casual spoken language.

Uncovering Gender Bias in Japanese Spousal Terms: Insights from an Online Survey of Couples with Adolescent Children

This study is based on an online survey of 447 Japanese married individuals between the ages of 40 and 60 (230 women and 217 men) who reside in the greater Tokyo area and have adolescent children in January 2023. The survey explores the usage of spousal terms in various social settings. The results show that when introducing their spouses to others, men tend to use the neutral term “妻tsuma” (wife) instead of the traditional term “家内ka-nai” (one inside the house) while women continue to use the traditional term “主人shu-jin” (master) which implies the history of male chauvinism. In addition, the higher the education level of the women, the higher the use of “夫otto” (husband) and the lower the use of “旦那dan-na” (patron). Both men and women seldom use gender-neutral terms such as “パートナーpātonā” (partner) or “連れ合いtsure-ai” (companion). In their home environment, couples tend to use family terms such as “お父さんo-tō-san” (father) and “お母さんo-kā-san” (mother) more frequently than nicknames or first names. In private interactions, women tend to use the honorific second-person pronoun “あなたanata” (a polite form of “you”) when addressing their spouses, while men tend to use the derogatory one “おまえomae” (a pejorative form of “you”). These results suggest that gender discrimination still exists in the Japanese language nowadays.

Uticaj implementiranja ERP sistema na razvoj savremenih ekonomskih tokova u kompaniji

The accelerated development of information and communication technologies (ICT), from the end of the 20th century until today, has made a great contribution to all segments of social life, and a significant part of this contribution is the impact on modern economic trends. New forms of business, such as digital marketing, electronic banking, and the web market, have confirmed old and set new theoretical postulates in economic science as well, although there are still disagreements at the global level regarding the intertwining of the understanding of traditional economic flows and terms with newly introduced economic flows and terms. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) basically represents a business information system, i.e., a set of commercial software packages for small, medium, and large companies.The subject of research in this paper is the analysis of the ERP system project in JKP Gradska čistoća in Belgrade, done with the aim of encompassing and describing the company's business processes, identifying problems and proposing a solution with other information important for further steps.The goal of the research work is the analysis of business processes, implemented software, and possible suggestions for improvement through the implementation of new technologies and solutions and integration between different systems, which would eliminate problems that complicate the development of business processes and reduce the efficiency of the organization.Basic hypothesis of the work: The implementation of the ERP system has a significant impact on the development of modern economic flows in a company such as PUK Gradska čistoća in Belgrade. Research methodology and main results: The project included business processes and areas for which the ERP system can be responsible: operational, landfill and recycling, legal personnel affairs, economic sector, commercial sector, maintenance, and level of the enterprise and other services in the enterprise. During the research, the authors used analysis and synthesis methods, classification methods, comparison methods, and statistical methods. The main research results of this work are presented in the chapter "Research Results".

Лингвокультурный аспект китайских и английских терминов родства

Introduction. The article deals with the kinship term systems of the modern English and Chinese languages in linguocultural perspective. Although the size and the structure of a family in different countries varies, a family is a fundamental unit of any society, which determines the topicality of the study of the semantic field of kinship terms in a diverse social context. This study touches upon the matters of the difference between the standard use of kinship terms towards family members and their extensive use in a wider social context towards non-relatives. The cultural differences determining the differences in the use of kinship terms in English and Chinese are studied. The aim of the study is to provide a linguocultural description of the characteristics and cultural connotations of the modern English and Chinese kinship terms. Materials and Methods. We use the descriptive method, the comparative analysis method, and the contextual analysis method to study English and Chinese terms collected from a variety of scientific and lexicographic sources. Analysis. Based on the obtained empirical data we make conclusions regarding the similarities and the differences in the use of English and Chinese kinship terms from the point of view of linguoculturology. Through the analysis of the data we demonstrate the fact that the factors which determine the use of kinship terms, such as age, gender and the overall context of the use, play a different role in the use of kinship terms in the studied linguocultures. Results. Conclusions are made regarding the specificity of the extensive use of kinship terms in Chinese and English languages, determined by a variety of cultural and social factors; regarding the role of polysemy and ambiguity of language symbols in Chinese language in the functioning of kinship terms; regarding the linguistic specificity of kinship terms in Chinese and English languages determined by the specificity of social development in China and the USA. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is seen in discovering the modern tendencies of communication related to the transformation and modification of traditional kinship terms and their meaning according to the requirements of the contemporary society and language.

The Application of Traditional Chinese Solar Term Elements in Illustration Posters

The Application of Traditional Chinese Solar Term Elements in Illustration Posters

A Deep Stacked Bidirectional LSTM (SBiLSTM) Model for Petroleum Production Forecasting

Deep learning models have demonstrated outstanding forecasting effects and are extensively used in forecasting problems in numerous scenarios. The Long short-term memory neural network (LSTM), a deep learning variant, has huge potential in forecasting the forthcoming values of given patterns using historical time series data. Lately, the forecasting task has captivated the focus of researchers in deep learning areas to handle the constraints of traditional statistical approaches. Owing to the dire need for accurate forecasting and also due to technological advancements, the collection of time series data has become more accessible, and this has paved the way for deep forecasting models. In this paper, we propose the Stacked Bi-LSTM (SBiLSTM) architecture, an adaptation of the traditional deep long-short term memory (TDLM). The approach is evaluated using two oilfield production time series. The performance of the proposed SBiLSTM model is compared with the recurrent neural network-RNNs, multi-layer RNNs, deep gated recurrent unit (DGRU), and deep long-short term memory (DLSTM). Using different measurement criteria, the empirical results show that the proposed DLSTM model outperforms other standard approaches. It is observed that the proposed SBiLSTM model acquires long and short-range interdependent features of univariate time series data without the large memory requirement.

Study on the Translation of Tops Terms in French Translation—A Dream of Red Mansions

Costume culture is an important part of the culture of A Dream of Red Mansions. To study the translation of traditional cultural terms in A Dream of Red Mansions, the translation study of costume terms is an indispensable aspect. Based on the French translation of A Dream of Red Mansions, on the basis of establishing a parallel corpus of costume terms, this paper conducts a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the translation of tops terms, sorts out the French translation methods of traditional Chinese clothing and tops terms in the book, and discusses the translator's gains and losses in the facsimile of garment culture.

Przekłady religijnych tekstów źródłowych a edukacja międzykulturowa

The article presents the main concepts of biblical translation studies and their importance in intercultural education. On the example of the New Testament term παρακαλέω, the need to update religious translations of source texts is shown due to the changing culture and the loss of some traditional terms of their original meaning. In the theoretical layer, the importance is discussed of language in the formation of human identity and social structures, and the possibility is indicated of including these processes in the strategy of intercultural education.

Theory of Optimal Taxation and Current Tax Policy in Pakistan’s Agriculture

The theory of optimal taxation has tended to recast the existing literature of public finance into the mould of classical welfare economics by emphasising minimisation of dead weight losses resulting from the imposition of a tax or faulty tax structure. As such, these modern theories have much in common with the traditional approach in terms of efficiency and equity. In spite of this, however, the differences remain. For example, the former theories adhere strictly to the norms of classical welfare economics which treats individual consumers as utility maximisers where improvements in welfare involve change that makes one individual better-off without making someone else worse-off [Stern (1987)]. In contrast to the emphasis of traditional theories on lump-sum taxes, the optimum tax literature is concerned with the implication of using non-lump-sum taxes which have a wider range and therefore more useful to the policy-maker. The recent work on normative tax theory looks at the impact of taxation on individual decisions and the trade off between raising revenues or redistributing tax burdens and the efficiency losses [Atkinson (1987)]. Finally, the optimal tax literature may be more pragmatic in its approach than traditional works as it realistically deals with government objectives and constraints and combines them into models that are sufficiently rich to allow for differences between people regarding income and expenditure patterns.

Evaluation of Average Term Occurrences Weighting Technique for Arabic Textual Information Retrieval

Information retrieval of documents is an important process in the current time, and the vector space retrieval model uses a term weighting scheme as a basic method for matching queries with documents. Term frequency-Inverse document frequency is a widely used and famous term weighting scheme, and many studies proved its effectiveness in information retrieval. However, this term weighting scheme has some drawbacks like retrieving irrelevant documents, which sometimes reduces effectiveness. From this point, a new term weighting scheme called Term Frequency with Average Term Occurrence was proposed and experienced in the English language to minimize retrieving unnecessary documents. In this paper, an information retrieval system is built for the Arabic language, and Open-Source Arabic Corpora was used to complete experiments. Calculations were made using two schemes which are traditional Term frequency-inverse Document Frequency and proposed Term Frequency with Average Term Occurrence. After that, comparisons of results were made using evaluation measures. With all obtained queries, four case studies with two approaches (stop word removal and stemming) are implemented. In English experiments, stop word removal was applied with another discriminative approach, which calculates the centroid of documents. After the analysis of the results, it was found that the proposed scheme is applicable on Arabic text and applied approaches enhance IR effectiveness if they are both implemented. Furthermore, it was found that stop word removal has a favorable effect on both schemes which was also proved in English experiments.

우리는 번역학 용어를 제대로 쓰고 있는가? - ‘곁텍스트’, ‘화면해설’, ‘통역사’ 등을 기반으로 -

In this essay, I discuss the question of how to better translate English terms for translation studies. First, I consider Gérard Genette’s terms paratext, peritext, and epitext, with an emphasis on the prefixes “para,” “peri,” and “epi,” and compare existing translations of the three terms. I argue that the widely used terms 곁텍스트 (paratext), 주변텍스트 (peritext), and 후텍스트 (epitext) are highly misleading. Second, I briefly explain the origin of 화면해설(lit. screen commentary) as the traditional Korean term for audio description and argue that 음성해설 (lit. voice commentary) is a better term since audio description services are offered in live events too. I also argue that 영상번역 (lit. image translation) should not be used as an umbrella term for audiovisual translation. Third, I discuss subtle nuances of the synonyms 번역가, 번역사, and 번역자 (all referring to “translator”), with an emphasis on the hanja affixes -家, -士, and -者. Then, I show that in the legal community the terms 통역인(interpreter, -人) and 번역인 (translator, -人) are preferred. After discussing all these examples, I suggest how Korean researchers could better deal with foreign terms.

Seismic risk assessment for the infrastructure in the regions adjacent to the Russian Federation Baikal–Amur Mainline based on the Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes

The purpose of the analysis is to assess the risk of loss in performance of infrastructure facilities in the regions adjacent to the Russian Federation Baikal–Amur and Trans-Siberian Mainlines due to seismic events of maximum macroseismic intensity expected in a period of 50 years with a probability of 10%, 5% and 1%. In particular, we use earthquake data compiled at the Baikal Division of the Russian Geophysical Survey, which provides sufficiently complete earthquake determinations of M = 2.5 or larger events for the period 1994–2019 for a reliable mapping the Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes coefficients at the seismically active cells of a regular grid. Based on these estimates, we present maps of the maximum expected magnitude in about 500, 1000 and 5000 years. Having described an anisotropic seismic effect model of seismic sites in the region, we conclude by characterizing the seismic hazard in traditional terms of macroseismic intensity and by estimating the associated seismic risk to selected infrastructures, i.e. Baikal–Amur Mainline and Trans-Siberian Railway.

The Power of the “Knowing Women”

The Power of the “Knowing Women”

A Preliminary Study on China English in Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Terms

China English, standard English with Chinese characteristics, exists largely in English translation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) terms with unique Chinese philosophy and culture. This study conducts a translation criticism on English Translation of TCM terms selected from Classified Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine from the perspective of China English under the guidance of Coordination Theory of Translation, that is, translators are required to coordinate all aspects and relationships in translation to the greatest extent. The key issues to be resolved in this study are as follows: 1) What are the word-formation methods of China English in the translation of TCM terms? 2) How should English translations of TCM terms in Classified Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine be evaluated? 3) What strategies, methods, and techniques should be adopted in English translation of TCM terms? Through the translation criticism of typical cases, conclusions are made as follows: firstly, domestication and foreignization strategies should be used together in a coordinated way on translation of TCM terms; secondly, as for terms whose corresponding expressions cannot be found in Western medicine, the translator should coordinate the use of various translation methods and techniques, such as literal translation plus free translation, transliteration with annotation, and literal translation with annotation. The findings of this study are expected to promote the normalization and standardization of English translation of TCM terms as well as provide some implications for future studies on TCM translation.

On English Translation Strategies of Conceptual Metaphors Based on the Chinese Traditional Culture-Loaded Terms——Take Xi Jinping: The Governance of China (Volume II) as an Example

Xi Jinping: The Governance of China (Volume II) is a microcosm of the development of politics, economy and culture in China, in which the conceptual metaphor has aroused widespread concern in the translation community, and the translation of culture-loaded terms is an important bridge for other countries to understand the development of Chinese culture. Therefore, the accuracy of conceptual metaphor translation is particularly essential. This research mainly explores the metaphor translation of characteristic culture-loaded terms in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China (Volume II) from the perspective of conceptual metaphor, and summarizes the metaphor translation strategies of culture-loaded terms with Chinese characteristics, so as to promote Chinese culture to the world.

A New Handbook of Rhetoric: Inverting the Classical Vocabulary

A New Handbook of Rhetoric: Inverting the Classical Vocabulary