Traditional Residence Research Articles

Этнический активизм и гендерные стратегии: женщины в общественном движении коренных малочисленных народов Севера в Якутии в конце ХХ века

The role of women in the activities of socio-political associations of indigenous peoples of Yakutia in the late 20 th century is considered. It is pointed out that the relatively high position of women in traditional societies in the North predetermined their high role in social processes. Particular attention is paid to the conditions in which the Northern aborigines found themselves during the period of industrial development of the territories of their traditional residence. The author notes that the modernization of the socio-economic way of life of the peoples of the North with the intervention of the state is marked by negative trends towards the loss of their way of life and ethno-cultural heritage. Placed in an unequal position with the non-indigenous population, representatives of aboriginal ethnic groups were forced to adapt to changing living standards. At the same time, the greatest adaptability was demonstrated by women, whose commitment to education and higher social activity and mobility predetermined their predominant role in public life. This phenomenon became most noticeable at the end of the 20 th century, when the collapse of the Soviet political system made it possible to defend their rights through ethno-cultural movements and associations. The article was prepared by the order of the Union of women’s organizations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) within the project “Women of the North: Realization of Social Potential in Yakutia”.

The Design and Implementation of Virtual Roaming in Yunnan Diqing Tibetan traditional Villages

Traditional residence is the continuation of intangible cultural heritage and the primitive soil for development. At present, the protection and inheritance of traditional villages have been impacted by the process of modernization, and the phenomenon of assimilation is very serious. This article takes the above questions as the breakthrough point, and then analyzes why and how to use virtual reality technology to better solve the above problems, and take the Yunnan Diqing Tibetan traditional dwellings as the specific example to explore. First, using VR technology, with real images and sound, the paper simulate a near real virtual world. Secondly, we collect a large amount of real image information, and make the visualization model of building by using 3DMAX software platform, UV Mapping and Rendering optimization. Finally, the Vizard virtual reality development platform was used to establish the roaming system and realize the virtual interaction. The roaming system was posted online so that overcome the disadvantages of not intuitive and low capability of interaction, and these new ideas can give a whole new meaning in the protection projects of the cultural relic buildings. At the same time, visitors could enjoy the "Dian-style" architectural style and cultural connotation of dwelling house in Diqing Yunnan.

Diagnóstico de equilíbrios entre Património, habitação e turismo em centros históricos: os casos de estudo do Porto (Portugal) e de Salvador (Brasil)

A sustentabilidade de valores culturais de centros historicos depende em grande parte do equilibrio alcancado entre a manutencao da populacao residente, a prevencao do abandono do edificado e a compatibilizacao das novas funcoes instaladas nesses centros. Atualmente, o turismo e visto como solucao para reativar centros historicos, sacrificando muitas vezes a permanencia da populacao residente original. O presente estudo analisa dois exemplos de reabilitacao urbana em centros historicos, um em Portugal e outro no Brasil, respetivamente, o Porto e Salvador da Bahia, com classificacoes pela UNESCO em 1996 e em 1985, respetivamente. O presente estudo analisa a interacao entre a evolucao do edificado, o arrendamento e o turismo, focando aspetos que resultam em acoes positivas e negativas para a preservacao do patrimonio edificado desses centros, da sua identidade e a exclusao de residentes tradicionais.

TRANSFORMATION FROM TENT TO ROOM: ROOM OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH HOUSE

The room has a function of nucleus in the formation of Turkish House which has an important place in the sense of traditional residence features in the world and the planning of this residence begins with room. Therefore, this residence is a phenomenon that develops from inner space through outer space. The formation of the room of traditional Turkish house is influenced by various elements. On top of them there come the requirements of nomads and Turkish-Islamic life style. The effects of these are clearly observed in the architectural design and decoration of the room which is shaped by the features of traditional life and bestows its design characteristics from nomad tent. Before immigrating to Anatolia from 11th century A.D., Turks have lived mostly a nomadic life in Middle Asia. Therefore, just like in other Middle Asia cultures; Turks have lived in temporary shelters. After settling in Anatolia and before that after accepting Islam; Turks have started to lead a sedentary life and formed a new living culture with the effect of various Anatolian civilizations, notably the Byzantines. In this way, a type of residence which is built in Anatolia, Balkans and Caucasus in the period of Ottoman Empire has emerged. The room of this type of house which lasted from 15th century to the second half of 19th century forms the nucleus of design. It is possible to pursue the traces of nomadic period and Turkish-Islamic life style as the characteristics of design in the design of this room.In the scope of this study, characteristics of design of the room which forms the design nucleus of traditional Turkish House is studied and similarities and differences with tent which are the shelters of nomadic period are observed in the sense of usage and function. Safranbolu district which is has around 2000 traditional houses and which is recorded in the list of cultural heritage by UNESCO is chosen. Safranbolu is an important settlement which is on the old Silk Road in Anatolia and developed in the period of Ottoman Empire. Through the end of 18th century famous geographer Ibn Sa’id asserted that 100.000 nomads with tents were living in the area in which Safranbolu is also included. Therefore, an important historical characteristic of Safranbolu area is the settlement of nomadic people called “Yoruk” who carried the nomadic living tradition of Middle Asia to Anatolia and reflecting their way of living on their houses. In this sense, Yoruks have great effect on the historical development of the area. Safranbolu houses are chosen for the reasons that they have all the features of a traditional residence; reflect the geographical, economic and social structure of the area on the houses at best and have rich examples in the sense of room design. For this reason, first of all general features of life style in the nomadic period and in the period before the acceptance of Islam and then the effects of these features on the spaces of shelter were studied. In the second process, shelter spaces of nomadic period were observed, in the third process general features of traditional Turkish house were studied, in the fourth process the formation of room in this residence types was studied in the sample of Safranbolu house and finally expressing the similarities and differences between nomadic period shelters and room, elements that influence the formation of room and the results were studied in the light of findings.

Research on Passive Energy - saving Renovation of the Roof of Traditional Residences

With the rapid development of social economy and people’s living standards continue to improve, summer air-conditioning energy consumption has gradually become the focus of modern society energy consumption. At the same time, the traditional residences are an important part of the ancient Chinese architecture culture and heritage, which contain rich experience in ecological construction, but limited to the economic level and construction technology at that time, and the traditional residences have their flaws. As one of the largest energy consumption of the envelope, the roof is the need for renovation. In this paper, energy-saving renovation of the demonstration building on the town of Chongqing was taken as an example. It puts forward the practice of using the controllable ceiling and uses DesignBuilder software to compare the energy consumption before and after the transformation and the indoor temperature in summer. The results show that the building energy efficiency rate is 54.35%, and the cumulative percentage of the length of the temperature of bedroom1 over 30 ℃, while over 28 ℃ is reduced by 7%. The cumulative percentage of the intermediate bedroom temperature over 30 ℃ is reduced by 16 %, and over 28 ℃ by 12%. By taking the control of the ceiling to reduce the cumulative time of the indoor high temperature, which can be delayed air conditioning opening time by the next day, to achieve energy-saving effect.

伝統的建築群の風圧係数分布と通風利用効果の検証(その3) 町家の開口パターン変化による室内気流性状への影響

伝統的建築群の風圧係数分布と通風利用効果の検証(その3) 町家の開口パターン変化による室内気流性状への影響

On Integrated Residency in Health with emphasis on Health Surveillance.

Taking into account the four underpinning areas of Health Surveillance (environmental, epidemiological, health and worker's health), the performance of professionals in this area requires a broad and complex set of information from many fields of knowledge, including that which is not classified as health. Considering the need to prepare professionals to work in Health Surveillance in the Unified Health System (SUS), integrating the four fields of knowledge, the Public Health School of Rio Grande do Sul (ESP/RS) and the surveillance areas of the municipality of Porto Alegre and Rio Grande do Sul State have established a new emphasis in the traditional residency of ESP/RS. This work uses the experience report descriptive method. It shows the activities of residents in the formation course of the first year, fourth class of this in-service education experience and takes stock of results of residency freshmen.

Values, trust, and cultural backlash in conservation governance: The case of wildlife management in the United States

The global rise of populism is having a profound effect on policies across many issues. We explore the potential effects on wildlife conservation using the western United States as a case study. Global populist trends have been explained through the phenomenon of cultural backlash, wherein those left behind in the value shift beginning post-World War II started to mobilize by the end of the century to protect their core values and traditions. Our prior work suggests that wildlife values in the western United States are shifting from traditional domination to mutualism orientations. The current study looked for indications of backlash from the American hunting culture that may be associated with that shift. Data from a 19-state survey (n=12,673) revealed that, in states with a higher prevalence of mutualism, residents with domination values had lower levels of trust in the state wildlife agency. Traditional residents were also less supportive of broadly-inclusive governance models, and the potential for social conflict over wildlife issues was much higher in those states. Finally, we found evidence of actions to “fight back” against change among traditional groups in the growth of ballot initiatives from 1990 to 2016 to protect hunting rights. Backlash will likely affect different countries and jurisdictions differently, contingent on the historical and cultural context. Nonetheless, it will be a global force with important implications for conservation governance, even if only to intensify conflict. Governance innovations will be necessary to help conservation institutions adapt to dramatic changes in the socio-political environment.

Sovereignty as an economical and geographic phenomenon (employing trends in the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation)

A departure from the legal interpretation of the sovereignty of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation allows one to draw the tools and information resources of other Sciences into studying this concept. The author believes that economic geography can make a significant contribution. An economicgeographical approach to the problem of national sovereignty in the Arctic puts it in the context of space (the sovereignty of which is questioned), which is atomized on a micro-level of municipalities (districts and cities) and rural and urban settlements. The protection of their sovereignty is connected with the implementation of investment projects, livelihood of local communities, preservation of the traditional economy and way of life, territories of traditional residence and natural use of indigenous peoples, ongoing research (stationary and expedition) activities in the territory. The author suggests an understanding of sovereignty as a process, which has a different value (which changes) in specific periods of time. This approach is illustrated by two periods in the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation: 2010–2013 and 2014–2017. The first period can be called a time of “exogenous” developments, when the question of the sovereignty of the Arctic territories and waters of Russia approved in the coordinates of the active international cooperation with other Arctic countries on all possible negotiating forums. The second period saw a radical change in the entire instrumentation of Arctic sovereignty in favor of domestic investment focus on large mining and infrastructure projects, land and transition zone “land-sea” and defense mobilization in the Arctic Islands and coastal areas. Refs 17. Tables 3.

G-50 伝統的町家の室内温熱環境把握に関する実測と縁側の改修手法の検討

G-50 伝統的町家の室内温熱環境把握に関する実測と縁側の改修手法の検討

LA ARQUITECTURA DE LA DENSIDAD

La necesidad de ciudades más densas y vitales viene siendo promovida por la academia desde los sesenta y por organismos internacionales desde los ochenta. Por otro lado, el último censo mostró que la comuna de Santiago ha comenzado a revertir la pérdida de población de los últimos cuarenta años, mientras algunas comunas pericentrales muestran un gran dinamismo inmobiliario. A pesar de los anterior, la densificación de sectores residenciales es cada día más resistida por los residentes tradicionales, quienes ven en la forma más frecuente de densificar, la torre aislada de gran altura, un deterioro en su calidad de vida. El presente trabajo estudia la factibilidad de un modelo alternativo a esta forma de densificación, una que fomente la vitalidad urbana y una relación más estrecha entre el espacio privado y el público. A partir de un registro exhaustivo de lo construido en los últimos diez años en un sector de la comuna de San Miguel, se caracterizaron las tendencias de desarrollo inmobiliario en términos de altura de las torres, tipo y tamaño de los departamentos y formas de relación con la calle. Esto permitió definir un escenario tendencial para el sector. Además, se diseñó una propuesta alternativa que, disminuyendo la constructibilidad en un 18%, genera una relación más estrecha con la calle, disminuye las alturas en forma significativa, densifica el interior de la manzana y aumenta el comercio de escala barrial. Los escenarios tendencial y alternativo fueron mostrados y discutidos con postulantes a los programas S 49 y DS 50 del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo, Minvu, en dos grupos focales. Los resultados mostraron que alrededor de la mitad de los encuestados dijeron preferir el escenario alternativo por sobre el tendencial, valorando el mayor control que ofrecía esta tipología sobre la calle. Lo anterior sugiere que existe espacio técnico y político para plantear propuestas alternativas a la torre aislada de gran altura. Para que ello ocurra, es necesario que los instrumentos de planificación incorporen una visión de ciudad más comprensiva, que no se limite al establecer umbrales de densidad, alturas y acercamientos máximos, sino que también integre aspectos que promuevan el control de la calle. Asimismo, se discute acerca de la posibilidad de aplicar incentivos en constructibilidad para el fomento de soluciones arquitectónicas que incrementen la vida de las aceras.

A comparison study of Taiwanese He-Yuan Architecture between the ethically spatial order and the condition of physical environment

Since the 21st century, problems such as global warming and energy depletion have become important issues to scientists and architects. The architectural design nowadays often relies on large amount of mechanical equipment to create a comfortable environment for the users. However, it burdens and deteriorates the nature. On the other hand, some of the traditional architecture in the past can cope with the local humid and hot climate, achieving good passive heat control for the environment. Therefore, this study explores the relation between traditional residents in Taiwan’s use of space and the external environment and climate through modern environment measurement technique, restores and conducts quantitative analysis on the interior thermal environment and light environment of Lin-An-Tai Historical House in the past through Ecotect Analysis, and analyzes the results of the calculation in terms of its spatial allocation, openings, and outer walls, etc. This study also evaluates the effects of lighting and user’s sense of comfortable temperature under its environmental conditions according to the standards of residential quality nowadays. It further studies the ancestor of traditional architecture by reviewing its spatial order and compares to the current situation in order to feedback the modern architecture design. Part of the results of the simulation show that the variation of temperature indoors in each space is less dynamic than that of outdoors. The temperature in the space at the right of the main hall (northwestern side) is generally higher than that in the left (southeastern side). The highest temperature in the space farther away from the interior patio is usually higher than that in the space closer to the interior patio. The temperature near the outer side of the space above Hulong is higher than that in the middle. Accordingly, the location is closely related to the interior temperature. As to human’s sense of comfortable temperature, the results show that in summer, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) in the space at the left of the main hall (southeastern side) is generally higher than that in the right (northwestern side). In winter, the sense of comfortable temperature in the rooms in the corner is lower than that in other rooms at the inner side, the comparison between the space ethical order and the evaluation result did not show any obvious relationship. For the evaluation of lighting, the main hall and the restaurant at the outer left Hulong have better lighting while other space does not have sufficient and even lighting. Artificial lighting is needed to make the space more functional, the results shows that lighting conditions of space did not metaphor to the space ethical order.

A Study on the Actual Conditions of Residential Environment and a Solar Energy Applied House in the Tibetan Plateau

This study shows the results of field measurements of an apartment building located in Tibet′s capital and in traditional houses in order to evaluate their levels concerning the living environment such as inside and outside temperature, humidity, illumination intensity, CO and CO2 concentration, intensity of solar radiation and the UV strength. The Tibetan plateau is characterized by high altitudes, low oxygen concentration, transparent atmosphere, wide diurnal range temperature, and special culture and life style, so UV and solar radiation, thermal environment and IAQ claim attention. Also a questionnaire survey was carried out for the consideration of improvements. We describe architecturally useful ways of utilizing the abundant solar energy in the Tibetan plateau of China and the solar potentials of various places are analyzed. Especially, the floor materials of the apartment houses and traditional residences in Lhasa city are examined and the living environment is improved using a direct heat gain system with simulation software. In addition, the condensation function of a solar cooker is used effectively in the local area, by selecting the most suitable materials. Also the power output performance of a solar cell using a compact portable sunlight concentrator proposes characteristic application methods for Tibetan residences.

Spatial Organization of Korean Traditional Residence Based on Domestic Religion Towards Succession to the Modernized Hanok

Spatial Organization of Korean Traditional Residence Based on Domestic Religion Towards Succession to the Modernized Hanok

Daytime profile of residential PM2.5 concentrations in a ger, a traditional residence in Mongolia

Daytime profile of residential PM2.5 concentrations in a ger, a traditional residence in Mongolia

Study on the Construction Techniques and Characteristics of Traditional Residences in Heilongjiang Province

Based on the extensive in-depth research on the traditional residences in Heilongjiang Province, the construction techniques and characteristics of Han ethnic group's residences, Manchu ethnic minority's residences and Korean ethnic minority's residences, which are of literature value and application value, are stated. These traditional residences have gone through have various degrees of damage, destruction and abandonment. Research and detailed description can provide valuable basic data that can be referred to for traditional residences' protection, inheritance and technology integration and innovation in the current situation of China.

Application of Chinese Traditional Auspicious Patterns in Indoor Design

Chinese culture has got rid of the stale and brought forth the fresh through inheritance and development for centuries, but a forever topic is to rely on patterns and graphs to express anticipation and vision of good fortune and happiness. With unique “home feelings” of Chinese people, auspicious patterns have been extensively applied in indoor design. This is true for classical traditional residence as well as modernized buildings. This article makes a brief analysis on application of Chinese traditional auspicious patterns in indoor design with reality.

Energy-saving Renovation of Bayu Traditional Residence: Taking Anju Town of Chongqing as the Example

Traditional residence is an important part of our culture and heritage of ancient architecture, which contains rich experience in the construction of ecological. But limited at the construction technology and economic level, traditional residence also has shortcomings. Therefore, in addition to heritage of its ecological wisdom, syndrome differentiation treatment should be used. In this paper, on the basis of the energy-saving reconstruction project located in Anju town of Chongqing, its energy-saving advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. Then methods of traditional residence in energy-saving were proposed, which not only met the energy requirements and economics, but also improved the thermal comfort significantly. Analyzing the annual energy consumption of its before-after renovation by Design Builder. The building energy saving rate was 54.36% after renovation.

A case report on meningococcal septicaemia in Kalabazaar, Thimphu, November 2016

<p>We report here a case study of meningococcal septicaemia caused by <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> in Kalabazaar, Thimphu on November 2016. The one-year old patient had no history of contact with any infected individuals in the past two weeks before his onset, neither did he travel anywhere besides his one-storey traditional residence. The patient was hospitalized and given antibiotic treatment of ceftriaxone at an early course of the disease. The patient did not develop any complications during the time of hospitalization and had recovered well. Close contacts with the case were identified and given post-exposure prophylaxis with 500 mg ciprofloxacin. No new cases were encountered during the course of contact tracing. </p>

In the Eyes of the Beholder: Students' Degree of Satisfaction with Traditional versus Suite Style Residence Halls

This study aims at comparing the degree of students’ satisfaction in relationship with traditional and suite style residence halls. A sample population of 209 students residing in four traditional and suite style residence halls participated in the survey from April to June 2015. The questionnaire consisted of 15 items. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe some demographic information of the sample. To test the hypothesis, an independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Following the data analysis, a series of interviews were conducted with 20 students. The results of quantitative data showed that suite style residents were less satisfied with their housing. Analyzing the interviews revealed that even though the suit style residents had enjoyed a better design, physical condition and maintenance compared to their counterparts from the traditional residence halls, they held higher expectations about the hall environments and felt that reality were short of their expectations.