Traditional Production Methods Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF NON-OIL PUBLIC REVENUES ON NON-OIL GDP IN IRAQ FOR PERIOD (2004-2021)

The countries of the world, as a result of their long experiences in managing their macroeconomic , have realized that in order to advance the joints of the national economy and develop their domestic product, and then increase the rates of economic growth, this is achieved by expanding the variety of public revenues, whether through developing their traditional revenue sources or by finding new ones. To clarify the foregoing, the research went to the analysis of non-oil revenues and the statement of their impact on the gross domestic product in Iraq for the period (2004-2021). The research has reached conclusions of great importance in this regard, represented in proving the hypothesis from which the research was launched, which indicates the weakness of the impact of non-oil public revenues (taxes and loans) in Iraq on the non-oil gross domestic product during the aforementioned period. This indicates a low contribution of the non-oil productive sectors (agriculture, industry) in the formation of the gross domestic product, and this is due to many reasons, including: the weakness of the productive base of the productive sectors of the Iraqi economy, the dependence of these sectors on traditional production methods, as well as the dependence of the Iraqi economy on its development significantly on oil revenues.

Study on the construction technology of β-alanine synthesizing Escherichia coli based on cellulosome assembly.

Introduction: β-Alanine is the only β-amino acid in nature; it is widely used in food additives, medicines, health products, and surfactants. To avoid pollution caused by traditional production methods, the synthesis of β-alanine has been gradually replaced by microbial fermentation and enzyme catalysis, which is a green, mild, and high-yield biosynthesis method. Methods: In this study, we constructed an Escherichia coli recombinant strain for efficient β-alanine production using glucose as the raw material. The microbial synthesis pathway of L-lysine-producing strain, Escherichia coli CGMCC 1.366, was modified using gene editing by knocking out the aspartate kinase gene, lysC. The catalytic efficiency and product synthesis efficiency were improved by assembling key enzymes with cellulosome. Results: By-product accumulation was reduced by blocking the L-lysine production pathway, thereby increasing the yield of β-alanine. In addition, catalytic efficiency was improved by the two-enzyme method to further increase the β-alanine content. The key cellulosome elements, dockerin (docA) and cohesin (cohA), were combined with L-aspartate-α-decarboxylase (bspanD) from Bacillus subtilis and aspartate aminotransferase (aspC) from E.coli to improve the catalytic efficiency and expression level of the enzyme. β-alanine production reached 7.439mg/L and 25.87mg/L in the two engineered strains. The β-alanine content reached 755.465mg/L in a 5L fermenter. Discussion: The content of β-alanine synthesized by constructed β-alanine engineering strains were 10.47 times and 36.42 times higher than the engineered strain without assembled cellulosomes, respectively. This research lays the foundation for the enzymatic production of β-alanine using a cellulosome multi-enzyme self-assembly system.

Study of Multibranch Wells for Productivity Increase in Hydrate Reservoirs Based on a 3D Heterogeneous Geological Model: A Case in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea

Summary So far, a total of 11 hydrate trial production projects have been carried out all over the world, all of which used a single vertical well or horizontal well to carry out hydrate production by the depressurization method or depressurization combined with other methods. These traditional production methods have some limitations: The single vertical well has a small contact area with the reservoir, and the transmission range of the temperature and pressure is limited; therefore, the productivity is low. The horizontal well can improve hydrate productivity from magnitude order; however, there is a long distance from the standard of commercial production of marine hydrate. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend to find a highly efficient and advanced drilling technology for heterogeneous hydrate reservoirs. The multibranch wells based on horizontal wells can not only increase the contact area between the hydrate reservoir and well by branch structure to improve the conductivity of the reservoir temperature and pressure but also improve the hydrate productivity by laying the branch at high hydrate saturation for areas with extremely uneven distribution. Therefore, for this paper, we chose the Shenhu area as the research area to establish an approximate realistic 3D heterogeneous geological model contained with hydrate, then we laid the multibranch wells based on horizontal wells in high hydrate saturation area and optimized the branch direction, location, and spacing, and the production increasing effect was assessed. Finally, an optimal multibranch well scheme was obtained under the conditions of this paper setting, which is as follows: The vertical multibranch well was set at the root end of the horizontal main well with a branch spacing of 10 m, and the productivity after optimization was 31.64% higher than that before optimization.

Tools for Industrial Enterprises Management Based on the Principles of Lean Manufacturing and ESG

Relevance. To date, most industrial enterprises focus on "green" and environmental standards. Driven by stricter regulations, pressure from investors and changing customer preferences, companies are forced to use technologies that are either completely harmless or the least harmful in comparison with traditional production methods. Such actions involve modifications in many directions, including changes in supply chains, production processes and business models. Companies are also rethinking how their products are developed, designed and used, looking for ways to meet performance and quality requirements while using fewer resources throughout the life cycle of everything they produce.The purpose – the study of the management process of industrial enterprises based on the principles of lean manufacturing and ESG.Objectives: compare the similarities and differences between the principles of lean manufacturing and ESG; assess the current state of their implementation at industrial enterprises; as well as consider the criteria for assigning ratings.Methodology. In this research, theoretical (for example, analytical, descriptive, historical, etc.) and empirical (for example, comparative; forecasting and measurement) research methods are used.Results. The relevance of such industrial enterprise management tools, which are based on the principles of lean manufacturing and ESG, is revealed – today they are a priority for the economy. Conclusions. If an enterprise wants to be highly competitive, it should adhere to the continuous development and improvement of equipment that could reduce emissions into the environment. Such an indicator can be achieved with the introduction of lean manufacturing and ESG tools at the enterprise. Thus, it becomes clear that concern for the environment is closely linked to the success of firms.

Unlocking the Potential of Fermentation in Cosmetics: A Review

The cosmetic segment is a rapidly growing industry that has been challenged in recent years due to the origin and impact of its ingredients and manufacturing techniques. With a focus on reducing carbon dioxide emissions and improving the degradability of products, many conventional ingredients are being dismissed to meet more exigent regulations and consumer ethical demands. Biotechnology, and fermentation as the core technology, is a solution to support and drive more sustainable growth for the cosmetic industry. This review presents the latest research and development in fermentation applied to cosmetics and showcases multiple examples throughout all classes of ingredients: from functional compounds, such as oil and surfactants, to multi-faceted molecules with a wide spectrum of formulations and skin benefits derived from their emulsifying, antimicrobial or antioxidant properties. The bottlenecks associated with the commercialization of such ingredients, together with successful examples, are also discussed. The shift towards a bio-based beauty industry requires a combination of technical, regulatory and marketing efforts. Fermentation strategies to better utilize low-cost substrates and optimize microorganisms and processes will reduce overall costs, reducing the price gap with traditional methods of production. The testing, standardization and regulation of these new ingredients need to catch up with the fast research happening in the field. Finally, consumer communication is key to achieve a successful introduction of biotech ingredients in the market.

Emergy-accounting-based comparison of carbon emissions of solid waste recycled concrete

The carbon emission emergy factor (Em-CEF) model is applied to evaluate the carbon emissions associated with the traditional concrete production method, fly ash concrete production method, coal gangue concrete production method, and recycled aggregate concrete production method in the complete lifecycle. The highest emission reduction can be achieved when solid industrial waste is used to replace part of the traditional raw materials, and the processing and treatment of industrial waste are simplified. Among the four production methods, gangue concrete production corresponds to the highest emission reduction. When solid waste recycled concrete is applied to reduce carbon emissions, coal gangue concrete can be prioritized.

Growth of tandem long-mat rice seedlings using controlled release fertilizers: Mechanical transplantation can be more economical and high yielding

The traditional soil-based rice seedling production methods for mechanical transplanting are resource-intensive, time consuming and laborious. The improvement and optimization of nutrient management in soil-less nursery raising methods like tandem long-mat seedlings (TLMS) are necessary for the resource-efficient cultivation of rice. In the present study, a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF)-polymer-coated compound fertilizer with 3 months release period (PCCF-3M) was applied as seedling fertilizer (SF), and five different dosages of SF (SF-0, SF-10, SF-20, SF-30, and SF-40) were compared with an organic substrate as the control (CK). Among all SF treatments, the best results were obtained with the application of 20 g/tray of SF (SF-20), as the seedling quality and machine transplanting quality were comparable to those of CK. In contrast, the lower dosages (SF-0 and SF-10) resulted in low nitrogen content and reduced shoot growth, while the higher dosages (SF-30 and SF-40) resulted in toxicity (increased malondialdehyde accumulation) and inhibited the root growth. Similarly, SF-20 increased panicle number (5.6–7.0%) and yield (4.3–5.3%) compared with CK, which might be related to the remaining SF entangled in the roots supporting the tiller growth of rice seedlings in the field. Moreover, SF-20 reduced the seedling block weight (53.1%) and cost of seedling production (23.5%) but increased the gross margin, indicating that it was easy to handle and economical. Taken together, our results indicate that SF-20 is a cost-effective way to promote the growth and transplanting efficiency of rice seedlings. To our knowledge, this study is the first to determine the optimum dosage of CRF for the soil-less production of rice seedlings.

YAPAY ET ÜRETİMİNDE TEKNOLOJİK GELİŞMELER VE ENDÜSTRİSİNİN GELECEĞİ

Although meat consumption is one of the most important conditions of healthy and a balanced diet, it becomes difficult to meet the demand per capita due to the increase in the world population. The change in consumer preferences and the constant increase in the use of resources in the traditional meat production method, the supply-demand imbalance that arises makes it necessary to turn to alternative protein sources. Because; genetically modified organisms (GMOs), meat alternatives obtained from plant-based sources, and cultured meat are among the emerging ideas for meeting protein needs. Artificial meat production is presented as a potential solution to reduce the serious problems related to nutrition and public health, climate change, environmental pollution, sustainability and animal welfare originating from traditional meat production. Preparation of artificial meat production procedures, providing taste criteria, determining risk analyzes and making necessary legal arrangements are important in terms of being among sustainable food sources. At the same time, it is important to specify the advantages in the production process against the problem of trust in consumer perception due to the high cost of artificial meat and ethical and religious beliefs. This article; It has been compiled from research on the historical development process of artificial meat production, production methods, alternative protein sources, advantages and disadvantages, the future of the artificial meat industry, consumers' attitudes and concerns towards artificial meat.

Товарное позиционирование административно-территориальных единиц Республики Крым

The features of economic zoning and distribution of productive forces of the Republic of Crimea are analyzed. It is shown that the existing zoning for seven economic micro-regions is outdated since their boundaries have not been revised for the last 30 years. During this period of time, there were changes in the target specialization of the regions, and the processes of divergence intensified. The development of such areas is associated with the change in their product positioning and the formation of the concept of origin place, including the transfer of images of the area to a specific product produced by it. By supporting and promoting traditional products of regional origin, it is possible to achieve the development of depressed rural areas. Thanks to this, there is also the possibility of preserving cultural, culinary heritage and traditional ecological production methods. The regional prospects for the development of traditional products within economic potential of individual specific municipalities of the Republic of Crimea are shown. The commodity positioning of administrative and territorial formations is substantiated from the point of view of production capabilities of agricultural and processing enterprises of the peninsula. The opportunities of development of traditional regional products are revealed. The promotion of a traditional product or a regional brand is usually based on its quality characteristics, but this is far from enough since it is not a guarantee for high sales. Despite broad prospects for the sale of such products in supermarkets and large stores, a balanced choice of distributors is necessary, taking into account the fact that such products are positioned as high-quality, fresh ones. It is concluded that in tourist areas it is advisable to organize shorter distribution channels that allow selling authentic goods to the manufacturer directly through specialized stores and fairs, individual entrepreneurs, and small businesses.

Construction and Application of Digital System in the Field of Financial Auditing in Colleges and Universities

Nowadays, people have entered the digital age, and the development of digital technology has changed the traditional production methods and promoted industrial upgrading. With the continuous deepening of information construction, digital auditing has begun to be widely used in financial auditing. This paper analyzes the current situation of financial auditing under digital conditions and puts forward measures for the effective application of digital auditing in financial auditing based on the current situation. On this basis, this paper expounds the framework and composition of university financial digital platform construction, and then analyzes the specific application methods of university financial digitalization, including financial information digitalization, financial management process digitalization, business digitalization, etc. made some suggestions. Through the research, I hope to provide some help and inspiration for the application of financial digitization in colleges and universities.

Optical Methods of Error Detection in Additive Manufacturing: A Literature Review

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been a growing industry, specifically when trying to mass produce products more cheaply and efficiently. However, there are too many current setbacks for AM to replace traditional production methods. One of the major problems with 3D printing is the high error rate compared to other forms of production. These high error rates lead to wasted material and valuable time. Furthermore, even when parts do not result in total failure, the outcome can often be less than desirable, with minor misprints or porosity causing weaknesses in the product. To help mitigate error and better understand the quality of a given print, the field of AM monitoring in research has been ever-growing. This paper looks through the literature on two AM processes: fused deposition modeling (FDM) and laser bed powder fusion (LBPF) printers, to see the current process monitoring architecture. The review focuses on the optical monitoring of 3D printing and separates the studies by type of camera. This review then summarizes specific trends in literature, points out the current limitations of the field of research, and finally suggests architecture and research focuses that will help forward the process monitoring field.

Short-Process Preparation of High-Purity V2O5 from Shale Acid Leaching Solution via Chlorination

The conventional V2O5 preparation processes include ion exchange, chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, and other processes. Given the long process and complex operation nature of traditional V2O5 production methods, we herein developed a short-process, low-temperature, and convenient operation method of isolating vanadium (in the form of V2O5) from shale acid leaching solution. The acid leaching solution was oxidized with NaClO3 and pH-adjusted with NaOH to form a vanadium-containing precipitate, which was mixed with AlCl3 (V:AlCl3 = 1:5, mol/mol) and roasted for 120 min at 170 °C to afford vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl3) with a purity of 99.59%. In addition, the vanadium-containing precipitate was mixed with AlCl3 and NaCl (V:AlCl3:NaCl = 3:12:8, mol/mol/mol) and roasted for 120 min at 170 °C to afford VOCl3 with a purity of 99.94%. VOCl3 (purity of 99.94%) was dissolved in ultrapure water, and the solution (32 gvanadium/L) was treated with NH3·H2O (NH3:V = 1.34, mol/mol) at 50 °C for 120 min. The obtained precipitate (vanadium precipitation rate = 99.28%) was roasted at 550 °C for 3 h to afford high-purity vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) with a purity of 99.86%. Compared with the traditional hydrometallurgical method of V2O5 preparation, our method avoided solvent extraction and other undesired processes and the overall process flow is greatly shortened, thus having high practical value.

Is Additive Manufacturing an Environmentally and Economically Preferred Alternative for Mass Production?

The manufacturing sector accounts for a large percentage of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, and there is growing interest in the potential of additive manufacturing (AM) to reduce the sector's environmental impacts. Across multiple industries, AM has been used to reduce material use in final parts by 35-80%, and recent publications have predicted that AM will enable the fabrication of customized products locally and on-demand, reducing shipping and material waste. In many contexts, however, AM is not a viable alternative to traditional manufacturing methods due to its high production costs. And in high-volume mass production, AM can lead to increased energy use and material waste, worsening environmental impacts compared to traditional production methods. Whether AM is an environmentally and economically preferred alternative to traditional manufacturing depends on several hidden aspects of AM that are not readily apparent when comparing final products, including energy-intensive and expensive material feedstocks, excessive material waste during production, high machine costs, and slow rates of production. We systematically review comparative studies of the environmental impacts and costs of AM in contrast with traditional manufacturing methods and identify the conditions under which AM is the environmentally and economically preferred alternative. We find that AM has lower production costs and environmental impacts when production volumes are relatively low (below ∼1,000 per year for environmental impacts and below 42-87,000 per year for costs, depending on the AM process and part geometry) or the parts are small and would have high material waste if traditionally manufactured. In cases when the geometric freedom of AM enables performance improvements that reduce environmental impacts and costs during a product's use phase, these can counteract the higher production impacts of AM, making it the preferred alternative at larger production volumes. AM's ability to be environmentally and economically beneficial for mass manufacturing in a wider variety of contexts is dependent on reducing the cost and energy intensity of material feedstock production, eliminating the need for support structures, raising production speeds, and reducing per unit machine costs. These challenges are not primarily caused by economies of scale, and therefore, they are not likely to be addressed by the increasing expansion of the AM sector. Instead, they will require fundamental advances in material science, AM production technologies, and computer-aided design software.

Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Ni-Al Alloy-H2O Reactions Using the ReaxFF Reactive Force Field.

Hydrogen as clean energy can effectively solve the problems of fossil energy shortage and environmental pollution. However, traditional methods of H2 production are generally lacking in application value. The procedure for manufacturing H2 by a reaction between active metals and H2O has received wide attention due to its high efficiency. Profound insights into the mechanism and influencing factors of H2 production from active metals are insufficient. The ReaxFF reaction force field module of the Amsterdam Modeling Suite (AMS) is applied in this paper to simulate the reaction of Ni-Al alloys with H2O. It reveals the reaction route of H2 production at the atomic level. The calculation results show that Al is the most critical active site. Moreover, the H2 production capacity of the alloy varies with the crystal structure and atomic ratio. The H2 production rate decreases due to the influence of the water solvation layer and surface coverage. Oxygen reduces the H2 production capacity because oxygen reduces the active sites for H2O adsorption by forming a stable oxide layer with Al.

Neuro‐fuzzy interface and mathematical modeling of rehydration kinetics and dynamic vapor sorption behavior of novel no‐cooking rice

A novel no-cooking rice was developed from a low-amylose paddy using instant controlled pressure drop (ICPD) assisted novel parboiling method with an improvisation of the traditional method of production of the no-cooking rice named as “komal chawal.” Autoclaving and ICPD treatments were employed for the preparation of no-cooking rice. Autoclaving involved the treatment of rice at 1 atm(g) pressure for the preparation of pressure-parboiled rice, while ICPD treatment with instant decompression was carried out within an experimental setup at treatment pressures (TP) of .2–.4 MPa(g) to produce ICPD treated rice. The step of soaking was omitted for the samples parboiled by the ICPD treatment. Effects of ICPD treatment pressure were assessed for obtaining better milling yield, color, texture, microstructure, and other properties. Paddy treated at .4 MPa(g) with instant decompression yielded the best quality rice in terms of those quality parameters. The rehydration behavior of the optimized rice samples was analyzed by applying the neuro-fuzzy interface and mathematical modeling. In addition, dynamic vapor sorption-based isotherm kinetics was investigated using the enthalpy–entropy compensation theory, demonstrating adequate sigmoid isotherm behavior of the rice. Practical Applications Application of instant control pressure drop (ICPD) has shown improvement in the rehydration properties of komal chawal with an increased head rice yield as compared to similar product produced by conventional parboiling. When freshly harvested low amylose paddy with relatively high moisture are used, the ICPD treatment permitted komal chawal production without the initial paddy soaking step, which is otherwise essential in a conventional parboiling process of komal chawal production. Hence, ICPD treatment as a novel technological intervention has the potential to shorten the komal chawal production process, and yield products with better rehydration and better chances of acceptance in market.

Linear Thermal Expansion and Specific Heat Capacity of Cu-Fe System Laser-Deposited Materials

The coefficient of linear thermal expansion and the specific heat capacity of laser-deposited Cu-Fe alloys fabricated from tin, aluminum, chromium bronze (89–99 wt.% Cu), and SS 316L were studied. The investigated alloys had a 1:1 and a 3:1 bronze–steel ratio. The Al–bronze-based alloy showed the lowest value of linear thermal expansion coefficient: (1.212 ± 0.095)∙10−5 K−1. Contrarily, this value was the highest {[(1.878–1.959) ± 0.095]∙10−5 K−1} in the case of functionally graded parts created from alternating layers of bronze and steel. Differential scanning calorimetry provided experimental results about the specific heat capacity of the materials. In the case of Al–bronze-based specimens, it demonstrated a decrease in the specific heat capacity until ~260 °C and its further increase during a heating cycle. Exothermic peaks related to polymorphic transformations were observed in the Al–bronze-based specimens. Cooling cycles showed monotonous behavior for specific heat capacities. It had exothermic peaks in the case of Cr–bronze-based alloys. A Lennard-Jones potential equation was used for testing the relation between heat capacity and thermal expansion. A three-way interaction regression model validated the results and provided the relative thermal expansion of commercially pure DED-fabricated SS 316L. Its specific heat capacity was also studied experimentally and was 15–20% higher in comparison to the traditional method of production.

Biomolecular Click Reactions Using a Minimal pH‐Activated Catcher/Tag Pair for Producing Native‐Sized Spider‐Silk Proteins**

AbstractA type of protein/peptide pair known as Catcher/Tag pair spontaneously forms an intermolecular isopeptide bond which can be applied for biomolecular click reactions. Covalent protein conjugation using Catcher/Tag pairs has turned out to be a valuable tool in biotechnology and biomedicines, but it is essential to increase the current toolbox of orthogonal Catcher/Tag pairs to expand the range of applications further, for example, for controlled multiple‐fragment ligation. We report here the engineering of novel Catcher/Tag pairs for protein ligation, aided by a crystal structure of a minimal CnaB domain from Lactobacillus plantarum. We show that a newly engineered pair, called SilkCatcher/Tag enables efficient pH‐inducible protein ligation in addition to being compatible with the widely used SpyCatcher/Tag pair. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the SilkCatcher/Tag pair in the production of native‐sized highly repetitive spider‐silk‐like proteins with >90 % purity, which is not possible by traditional recombinant production methods.

Biomolecular Click Reactions Using a Minimal pH-Activated Catcher/Tag Pair for Producing Native-Sized Spider-Silk Proteins.

A type of protein/peptide pair known as Catcher/Tag pair spontaneously forms an intermolecular isopeptide bond which can be applied for biomolecular click reactions. Covalent protein conjugation using Catcher/Tag pairs has turned out to be a valuable tool in biotechnology and biomedicines, but it is essential to increase the current toolbox of orthogonal Catcher/Tag pairs to expand the range of applications further, for example, for controlled multiple-fragment ligation. We report here the engineering of novel Catcher/Tag pairs for protein ligation, aided by a crystal structure of a minimal CnaB domain from Lactobacillus plantarum. We show that a newly engineered pair, called SilkCatcher/Tag enables efficient pH-inducible protein ligation in addition to being compatible with the widely used SpyCatcher/Tag pair. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the SilkCatcher/Tag pair in the production of native-sized highly repetitive spider-silk-like proteins with >90 % purity, which is not possible by traditional recombinant production methods.

A comparative study on drillability of Inconel 625 alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

In recent years, the cost-effective wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) method is increasingly replacing traditional production methods for Ni-based superalloys. However, the effect of high heat input and elemental segregation in the WAAM method on machinability has not yet been adequately investigated. For this purpose, drilling of wrought and WAAM Inconel 625 samples with thermal (i.e., die-sinking micro-EDM and micro-EDM) and mechanical drilling techniques (i.e., orbital and conventional drilling) was investigated in this study. It was observed that thermal drilling methods formed a white layer with a thickness of 20-25 μm and 35-50 μm in the cross-section of wrought and WAAM specimens, respectively, while no white layer was formed in the mechanical methods. The average surface roughness of the inside hole, Ra, obtained in the conventional drilling process has improved by 46.15 %, 94.62 %, and 92.82 %, compared to the orbital, die-sinking, and micro-EDM methods, respectively. Because the drill cutting form and helix angle used in this method facilitated chip evacuation. The best surface roughness was obtained respectively by conventional (0.27–029), orbital (0.51–0.53), die-sinking (4.54–5.88), and micro-EDM drilling (3.54–4.25) methods. In addition, a larger kerf angle is obtained in the WAAM sample compared to the wrought one due to higher residual stress and higher dislocation density in the WAAM alloy. On the other hand, the higher hardness value of WAAM samples provided better surface quality in mechanical drilling methods than wrought material. An increase in surface hardness values up to 25 μm from the surface was detected due to the recast layer formed in thermal drilling methods and the strain hardening occurring on the surface in mechanical drilling methods.

Investigation of melt flow index of dual metal reinforced ABS polymer for FDM filament fabrication

Additive manufacturing (AM), often known as 3D printing, is a cutting-edge manufacturing process. Fused deposition modelling (FDM), one of the most renowned additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, has increased in popularity in recent decades because it can build complicated geometries that traditional production methods cannot. Polymer-based materials are commonly used in fused deposition modelling (FDM), but they lack certain qualities that make them suitable for use in broader applications. In this study, we investigated the melt flow behaviour of a new material used to make filament wire for 3D printing applications. ABS pellets were reinforced with the various weight percentages (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 18%, and 20%) of aluminium and copper powder combined to form a composite, and the melt flow properties of the composite were studied. The results of the melt flow index (MFI) test show that the MFI value of ABS significantly varies depending on the weight percentage of the reinforced metal.