Space science has been developed through past and current missions of the International Space Station (ISS) and Tiangong Space Station (TSS) in low Earth orbit and on the lunar surface. Numerous missions have used animals on test flights to better understand the physiological dangers of space flight for humans. A contemporary focus of space exploration is long-duration crewed travel to establish a Moon station and reach Mars. The astrotechnology of the human-less spaceflights (USA, Russia, ESA, UAE, China, and India) launched in 1965 (Mariner 4), has advanced enough to support the progressive colonisation of the Red Planet with investigating equipment (Perseverance rover, Ingenuity helicopter, Hope orbiter, Tianwen-1 orbiter, and Chinese lander-rover). Are humans, then, ready to explore for Mars soon? What are major hazards that still need to be solved? Can animals play a novel role for humans in deep space travel? While the five factors of altered gravity, radiation, confinement (isolation), distance from Earth, and unknown hostile environments have been analysed in the scientific field of space medicine, this paper explores the biological ripple effects of animal astronauts to mitigate risks for human astronauts. The countermeasures of the psychological well-being and space community security are determined considering the potential role of animals in reducing the emergence rate of behavioural health and performance decrements (loneliness, mental and emotional strain, fear, lethargy, lack of enthusiasm, and violence). This paper argues a new hypothesis that if the engineering aspects of animal (dog) support does not reduce the scientific capabilities, the cognitive policy of a �human-pet companionship� apart from the historically traditional pattern of �experimental animal� can benefit the mental, social, and physical resilience of the Martian astronauts during the return mission (2.5�3 years).
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