Traditional Materials Research Articles

Exploring the Mechanical and Thermal Impact of Natural Fillers on Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Footwear Sole Materials

The increasing concern for sustainability in the footwear industry has spurred the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives for materials commonly used in sole manufacturing. This study examined the effect of incorporating rice straw and cellulose as fillers into soles made from either styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Both fillers were used as a substitute in mass percentages ranging from 5 to 20% in the original SBR and TPU formulas, and their impact on mechanical properties such as abrasion and tear resistance, as well as thermal properties, was thoroughly evaluated. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of fillers affects the overall performance of the soles, with the optimal balance of mechanical and thermal properties observed at a 10% filler content. At this level, improvements in durability were achieved without significantly compromising flexibility or abrasion resistance. Thermal analysis revealed increased thermal stability at moderate filler contents. This research not only offers a sustainable alternative to traditional materials but also enhances sole performance by improving the composition. Furthermore, this study paves the way for future research on the feasibility of incorporating eco-friendly materials into other consumer product applications, highlighting a commitment to innovation and sustainability in product design.

Magnesium Alloy and Silicon Nitrides Composite Study: Synthesis and Abrasive Water Jet Machining Behavior and Optimization

<div>Related to traditional engineering materials, magnesium alloy-based composites have the potential for automobile applications and exhibit superior specific mechanical behavior. This study aims to synthesize the magnesium alloy (AZ61) composite configured with 0 wt%, 4 wt%, 8 wt%, and 12 wt% of silicon nitride micron particles, developed through a two-step stir-casting process under an argon environment. The synthesized cast AZ61 alloy matrix and its alloy embedded with 4 wt%, 8 wt%, and 12 wt% of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> are subjected to an abrasive water jet drilling/machining (AJWM) process under varied input sources such as the diameter of the drill (D), transverse speed rate (v), and composition of AZ61 composite sample. Influences of AJWM input sources on metal removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) are calculated for identifying the optimum input source factors to attain the best output responses like maximum MRR and minimum Ra via analysis of variant (ANOVA) Taguchi route with L16 design approach. The ANOVA analysis revealed that D, v and the composition of AZ61 alloy composite contribute 26.45%, 16.28%, and 20.84%, respectively, to the output response conditions for higher MRR. Additionally, design 7 exhibits a high MRR of 0.017 g/s and a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.84 μm. The optimum AWJM input source of design 7 is proposed for industries to mass production applications.</div>

Upscaling of Copper Slag-Based Geopolymer to 3D Printing Technology

Additive manufacturing using cement has evolved rapidly in recent decades, revolutionizing the construction industry. This technology automates building structures through computer-aided design, offering benefits such as reduced material waste, optimized material distribution, and the ability to use composite materials. This paper aims to examine the potential of using copper-slag-based geopolymers in 3D printing. Geopolymers have gained popularity as an alternative and more energy-efficient material to traditional building materials, while copper slag allows for reducing and managing mining industry waste. Moreover, samples formed in molds based on the same material were produced to evaluate the method of manufacturing on the mechanical properties of geopolymers. This paper presents an evaluation of the mechanical properties including the compressive, flexural, and shear strength of the layered material. It reveals promising results, with strength development mainly observed within the first 14 days. The results show that the compressive strength after 28 days of curing is 46.4 MP and 42.1 MPa for formed and printed samples, respectively. Furthermore, the average bending strength value ranges between 7.4 MPa and 7.8 MPa, regardless of the bending direction and forming method. The obtained results show that printed geopolymers demonstrate adequate layer bonding, confirming the profitability of the 3D printing technology. This research confirms that 3D printing technology enables the use of geopolymer binder materials based on copper slag, which opens the door to sustainable alternatives in construction practices.

Enrichment and catalysis effect of 2D/2D g-C3N4/Ti3C2 for promoting organic matter degradation and heavy metal reduction in plasma systems: Unveiling the promotion and redox mechanism.

This work proposes a novel plasma-assisted 2D/2D g-C3N4/Ti3C2 system for treatment of organics-heavy metals composite wastewater. Unlike traditional materials in plasma system, 2D/2D g-C3N4/Ti3C2 not only improved the mass transfer efficiency of plasma by gathering both reactive species and pollutants onto the surface, but also induced photocatalytic reactions. Besides, the higher specific surface area and faster carrier separation rate can enhance the oxidation and reduction activity, and then promoted organic matter degradation and heavy metal reduction. Remarkably, the removal efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Cr(VI) increased by 16.5% and 73.1% respectively when introducing 2D/2D g-C3N4/Ti3C2. Roles of·OH,·H,·O2-, 1O2, e-, and h+ in SMX oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction are clarified. The primary aggregated·OH and 1O2 dominate the degradation of SMX. The influencing factors, synergistic mechanism between plasma and catalyst, and redox mechanism were clarified. This work provides a breakthrough idea for treatment of organics-heavy metals composite wastewater.

Impact of geopolymer aggregate on the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of concrete

This study examined the use of geopolymer aggregate (GPA), produced from slag and an alkaline solution, as a substitute for coarse aggregate in conventional concrete. The research aimed to evaluate how different proportions of GPA (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% replacement) affect the durability and mechanical properties of concrete. A series of tests were conducted, including slump, compressive strength, flexural strength, chloride resistance, sulfate resistance, sorptivity, and water absorption. The results demonstrated significant improvements in concrete properties with the inclusion of GPA. The compressive strength of GPA concrete ranged from 31 to 38 MPa, showing a 10%–15% increase over that of standard concrete. Flexural strength improved by 6% at 7 days and 7.5% at 28 days compared to control mixes. Water absorption was reduced by 42.58%, and sorptivity decreased by 47.9% compared to ordinary aggregate concrete. GPA concrete also excelled in acid resistance, with a weight loss of 28.6% and a lower reduction in strength compared to traditional acidic aggregates. In sulfate resistance tests, GPA concrete showed a 31% reduction in both weight and strength loss. These results highlight the advantages of using GPA as an alternative to conventional coarse aggregates. GPA not only enhances the mechanical and durability properties of concrete but also presents a more sustainable option, contributing to reduced environmental impacts associated with traditional aggregate materials.

A Photoelectric Synergistic Flexible Solid Slippery Surface for All-Day Anti-Icing/Frosting.

The accumulation of ice on surface has caused great harm to lots of fields such as transportation or aerospace. Nowadays, various equipment or tools used in low-temperature environments, which face the risk of interface icing, usually have irregular shapes. Traditional rigid anti-icing materials are difficult to meet practical application requirements. Thus, it is crucial to develop flexible anti-icing materials that can be applied to various shape surfaces (curved surfaces, flat surfaces). In this paper, a photoelectric synergistic flexible solid slippery surface (FSSS) is prepared by using flexible basalt fiberglass cloth, flexible copper foil, flexible polyurethane/carbon nanotubes mixture, and flexible solid lubricant (the mixture of coconut wax and coconut oil). Even under harsh conditions of the temperature as low as -80 °C, the FSSS exhibits excellent all-day anti/de-icing performance whether on flat or curved surface. Moreover, the FSSS shows long-term stability both on flat and curved surface: situated in air for 60 days, submerged in water for 60 days, kept in acid environment (pH 1) and base environment (pH 13) for 30 days. Besides, the FSSS can also achieve self-healing function under -80 °C. This flexible surface provides a novel approach for de-icing/frosting of multi-shaped objects in the future.

Silk fibroin aerogels with AIE-featured berberine and MXene for rapid hemostasis and efficient wound healing.

Rapid hemostasis and wound healing are crucial in emergency trauma situations for saving patients' lives. Traditional hemostatic materials often have drawbacks such as slow hemostasis and susceptibility to post-hemostasis bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced wound dressing materials that can provide both rapid hemostasis and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we designed and fabricated a biocompatible hemostatic silk fibroin (SF) aerogel loaded with aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-featured berberine (BBr) and Ti3C2Tx MXene. The resulting SFMB aerogel demonstrates robust mechanical properties and a porous structure that enables quick hemostasis. This aerogel exhibits photodynamic and photothermal responses for antimicrobial activity, releases BBr upon light exposure to enhance bacterial-killing efficiency (99.33 % in vitro and 99.09 % in vivo), and effectively promotes the healing of infected wounds in vivo through combined photothermal/photodynamic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the aerogel shows high hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, supporting its potential biomedical applications. Overall, the synthesized SFMB aerogel holds promise for treating bacteria-infected wounds and for use in first aid applications in clinical settings.

Collision of tradition and visual perception: aesthetic evaluation and conservation intent in adapting traditional Chinese gates within architectural heritage

ABSTRACT The sustainable conservation of architectural heritage has attracted significant attention, especially with the rapid development of heritage tourism. Adaptation is a compromise to allow heritage to meet modern development demands; however, unregulated adaptations pose significant risks to sustainable conservation. This study involved 60 participants in a quasi-experimental investigation, using eye-tracking technology combined with evaluation questionnaires. The aim was to explore how material, ornament, and generational age differences impact aesthetic evaluation, visual attention, and conservation intention toward traditional Chinese architectural gates. The results show a general preference for traditional materials (wood) and intricate ornament (Ice Crack), with participants displaying a stronger conservation intention toward these elements. Notably, generational differences were evident, with older participants showing longer visual engagement with architectural heritage design elements. This study extends aesthetic response theory into the heritage domain, emphasizing material authenticity and design complexity in shaping conservation attitudes. It offers valuable insights for heritage adaptation strategies, emphasizing the need to balance historical authenticity with aesthetic appeal to enhance public engagement.

Parameter Optimization for Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys Joined Using Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing: A Screening Study

ABSTRACTDue to the requirement for better strength‐to‐weight ratios, the utilisation of aluminum alloys is rapidly expanding. Lightweight components are of utmost importance in most industries, particularly in transportation, aviation, maritime, automotive, and other industries. These lightweight engineering materials are hard to be joined utilising traditional fusion joining techniques, necessitating the development of alternative joining techniques. The novel friction‐stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) technique, based on the concept of friction stir welding (FSW), can be used to combine aluminum alloys additively in their solid state. This work examines the effects of several process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool tilt angle, and tool transverse speed) on tensile strength and hardness using a 3‐factor L9 Taguchi designed experiment. Three cases were explored, one were AL 6061 was welded to AL 7075, one where AL 7075 was welded to AL 6061, and one where the data were mixed to get an “average” effect representative of large additively manufactured parts. A detailed ANOVA (including both main effects and interactions analyses) provided clear guidance on the optimization of the parameters for several objectives. This work will contribute to the development and wider use of FSAM in both industrial and academic research settings by providing a useful dataset and clear parameter selection guidance. The results of this research indicate that the FSAM methodology could be utilized to fabricate large defect‐free structures, which can be a suitable replacement for the traditional Al6061 material used in automotive and aerospace sectors.

Rehabilitation of the Monastery of São João de Cabanas, Afife, Viana do Castelo

The former Monastery of São João de Cabanas stands on the south bank of the river Cabanas in the parish of Afife, municipality of Viana do Castelo (Portugal). It was founded in the Middle Ages, although the current building is the product of a reconstruction a fundamentis begun in 1725. Following the dissolution of the Portuguese monasteries it became private property and in the twentieth century it was the home of the poet and ethnographer Pedro Homem de Mello. It was classified as a Public Interest Building in 1997. The aim of the rehabilitation project was to restore the site with a view to its adaptation to a program of tourist accommodation linked to gastronomy and catering, and as a venue for events. The restoration design and works were guided by a historical study and an architectural and constructional characterization of the building along with archaeological studies and a thorough analysis of the building pathology. A knowledge of the building’s characteristics was vital to a project that was intended to be informed and holistic, with the use of traditional building details, materials and techniques, assuring the maintenance of the site’s distinctive qualities and heritage values.

E'jiao and Cubilose Formula Induced Antioxidant Activity and Improved Collagen Expression of Human Skin Fibroblasts During Oxidation Damage.

As traditional Chinese medicinal materials, E'jiao and cubilose are rich in various bioactive substances with good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulating effects. To obtain the optimal ratio of synergistic effect between E'jiao and cubilose. The antioxidant capacity of E'jiao and cubilose digestive fluid was evaluated invitro, as well as the intracellular oxidation balance between HSF cells and 3D whole-skin model induced by H2O2. E'jiao, cubilose, and their different ratios of composites had better scavenging ability against free radicals such as DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Using HSF cells induced by H2O2 as an oxidative damage model, it was found that the combination of E'jiao and cubilose in a ratio of 2:3 significantly enhanced the activities of SOD, GSH-PX, and CAT enzymes compared to the separate treatments of E'jiao and cubilose, as well as other combination ratios. It effectively reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species caused by H2O2 in HSF (Human Skin Fibroblast)cells and protected the integrity of the cells. Further analysis using flow cytometry and a 3D full-thickness skin model revealed that the combination ratio of 2:3 increased the proportion of H2O2-treated cells in the S%+G2% phase from 19.1% + 7.4%-22.1% + 28.8%, helping oxidatively damaged cells partially recover their proliferative capacity. It also promoted the expression of collagen I and collagen IV in the 3D full-thickness skin model, with improvement rates reaching 168.00% and 123.68%, respectively. These findings indicate that the combination of E'jiao and cubilose in a ratio of 2:3 exhibits good synergistic effects, enhancing the ability of cells to resist oxidative damage, promoting cellular renewal and metabolism, and improving skin antiwrinkle capacity.

The Campanile at Old Parkland, Dallas, Texas

The Campanile, a bell tower located on the Old Parkland campus in Dallas, Texas, was commissioned in 2018 by Crow Holdings as part of the development of a commercial campus with classical buildings and landscaped courtyards. Designed to house a large, newly commissioned bell, its architecture draws inspiration from America's early twentieth-century classical traditions. The 220-foot tower has three sections: base, shaft, and bell chamber, featuring traditional materials such as brick, limestone, and bronze. The project, completed in 2021 despite the challenges of the pandemic, involved skilled craftsmanship and incorporated local symbols, reflecting both classical and regional heritage.

Effects of orthodontic wax and ora-aid on pain and discomfort at the beginning of orthodontic treatment.

Wounds may occur in the mouth during orthodontic treatment. Orthodontists use a variety of substances to eliminate the irritation. This randomized clinical trial aimed to examine the effect of orthodontic wax and ora-aid material on wound healing, the duration of staying in the mouth, and the effect on pain and to evaluate the effect on the patient's quality of life. The study included two hundred forty patients aged 11-14 years. At the end of 1 week, patients with no wound were determined as the control group G1(n:65), patients using Ormco orthodontic wax as G2(n:86), and patients using Ora-aid as G3(n:89). The patients were asked to fill out the questionnaire given to them five times in total, as T0 when the wound occurred, T1 after 24h, T2 after 48h, T3 after 96h, and T4 after 168h. The study's results demonstrated no significant differences in the level of pain between males and females. For all post-baseline time points, the Ora aid group had a lower VAS for pain when compared with the Ormco orthodontic wax group (P < 0.01). This study demonstrated that ora-aid effectively reduces the mucosal discomfort associated with orthodontic appliances, and this product may be a suitable alternative to traditional orthodontic wax material for dealing with oral mucosal injuries during orthodontic treatment. This product may be a suitable alternative to traditional orthodontic wax material for dealing with oral mucosal injuries during orthodontic treatment.

Inorganic-Based Nanoparticles and Biomaterials as Biocompatible Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Current Advances and Trends of Development

Regenerative medicine amalgamates stem cell technology and tissue engineering strategies to replace tissues and organs damaged by injury, aging, ailment, and/or chronic conditions by leveraging the innate self-healing mechanism of the body. The term ‘regenerative medicine’ was coined by William A. Haseltine during a 1999 conference on Lake Como. Since its inception in 1968, the field has offered clinical benefits for the regeneration, repair, and restoration of bones, skin, cartilage, neural tissue, and the heart, as well as scaffold fabrication. The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine can vastly benefit from advancements in nanoscience and technology, particularly in the fabrication and application of inorganic-based nanoparticles and bionanomaterials. Due to the tunable intrinsic properties, i.e., size, topography, surface charge, and chemical stability, inorganic-based nanoparticles and biomaterials have surpassed traditional synthetic materials. Given the wide gamut of near-future applications of inorganic nanoparticles and biomaterials, this article gives an overview of the emerging roles in stem cell regenerative research, tissue engineering, artificial skin and cartilage regeneration, neural nerve injuries, 3D bioprinting, and development of new inorganic bio-scaffolds. The review also addresses the challenges related to the clinical application and tissue compatibility of inorganic nanoparticles and biomaterials, utilizing current state-of-the-art techniques.

Use of pneumatic waste in thermal insulation systems in arid áreas

Recent decades have seen a major global concern to protect the environment from non-biodegradable waste as little as possible. On the other hand, the problem of energy saving has emerged. Builders in arid areas and particularly in the Algerian Sahara are always faced with a very difficult choice: “build with traditional and local materials promoting a certain thermal comfort or build with modern materials offering more convenience, aesthetics and space but with less or no thermal comfort and very high consumption of air conditioning energy. The appearance of new materials and the innovation of waste in construction have not only improved the mechanical properties of materials but also energy saving through insulation, waterproofing and even the appearance of the construction. In the present work, an investigation was undertaken in order to respond to the problem of thermal comfort of construction while getting rid of tires which, through their long life, occupy large environmental spaces and through their incineration contribute to environmental pollution. Numerous tests have been carried out on reduced or real models representing either the floors or the partition walls which represent the two elements which are the main players in the heat transfer of the building. In comparison with the usual materials used in thermal insulation, the innovation of pneumatic waste has shown technical performances and thermal insulation properties superior to those existing on the market, which has the effect of increasing the energy efficiency of the buildings thus generating great economic interest. It is necessary to point out that only the plastic part of the tires was used while the metal part constituting the structural hoops of the tires has a wide use as a reinforcement system.

Advances in Organic Materials for Next-Generation Optoelectronics: Potential and Challenges

This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic materials in the optoelectronics sector. The study emphasizes the critical role of organic materials in the development of state-of-the-art optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells, organic thin-film transistors, and OLEDs. The review further examines the structure, operational principles, and performance metrics of organic optoelectronic devices. Organic materials have emerged as promising candidates due to their low-cost production and potential for large-area or flexible substrate applications. Additionally, this review highlights the physical mechanisms governing the optoelectronic properties of high-performance organic materials, particularly photoinduced processes relevant to charge carrier photogeneration. It discusses the unique benefits of organic materials over traditional inorganic materials, including their light weight, simple processing, and flexibility. The report delves into the challenges related to stability, scalability, and performance, while highlighting the wide range of electronic properties exhibited by organic materials, which are critical for their performances in optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, it addresses the need for further research and development in this field to achieve consistent performance across different types of devices.

Magnetic PDMS@SiO2/Fe3O4 Composite Friction Layer Material for Enhanced Friction Nanogenerator Output Performance

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have exhibited remarkable potential in harnessing stochastic low-frequency mechanical energy from oceanic surfaces, attributed to their versatile architectures and capability for extensive deployment. Nonetheless, the relatively modest power output per unit area remains a critical limitation impeding the advancement of TENG technology. Consequently, the innovation of novel material systems and devices to augment the output performance and efficiency of TENG is paramount in achieving effective ocean energy exploitation. In our study, a vertical contact PC-TENG was utilized as an energy harvester, with the incorporation of magnetic nano-oxide particles to bolster the output efficiency of TENG. This investigation represents the inaugural application of SiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles within PDMS negative friction layers. This strategy augments the specific surface area, thereby improving the contact between the friction materials and enhancing charge transfer efficiency. Moreover, the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 facilitate charge separation on the material's surface, culminating in an elevated voltage output. Comprehensive characterizations were conducted using SEM, FTIR, electrometer, and contact angle meter, while simulations were corroborated with COMSOL Multiphysics field simulation software. The output performance witnessed optimization through the incorporation of Fe3O4, culminating in a peak open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 85.1212 V, a maximum short-circuits current (ISC) of 8.4037 μA, and a maximum transferred charge (QSC) of 0.5638 nC, reflecting enhancements of 28%, 32%, and 27%, respectively, compared to conventional PDMS materials. The peak output power, achieved with an impedance match of 55 MΩ, was recorded at 19.03 mW, marking a 70.8% improvement in output performance. The findings revealed that the contact angle of PDMS@SiO2/Fe3O4 composites reached 100.092°, enhancing hydrophobicity by 8% relative to traditional PDMS materials, thereby rendering it more suitable for humid environments. COMSOL Multiphysics field simulation results further substantiated the viability of the PDMS@SiO2/Fe3O4 composite friction layer material for applications in oceanic wave environments. Ultimately, a rectifier bridge was introduced to convert the alternating current generated by the PC-TENG into direct current. This research offers a novel paradigm for the utilization of TENG in the realm of marine energy.

Application of natural fibre pultruded profiles in diverse lightweight structures and architectural scenarios

AbstractReevaluating the materials that shape our built environment holds significant importance for sustainable construction. This research introduces newly developed natural fibre pultruded profiles, composed of flax fibres and bio-resin, customised for specific properties and targeted applications. Engineered to withstand both bending and compression loads, these profiles have been subjected to rigorous mechanical testing to demonstrate their compression and flexural strength, as well as flexibility. The emphasis lies on the bottom-up design approach, guiding the creation of applications suitable for this innovative material in various lightweight structures. The paper presents a series of case studies showcasing the use of biocomposite profiles in diverse design and structural contexts. The initial focus was on active-bending structures, highlighting the material’s flexibility, showcased at a ten-metre span structure, the first large-scale demonstrator. However, given the material’s versatile properties, it is suitable for a wide range of other applications. Key case studies discussed include reciprocal, tensegrity and deployable structures, as well as modular planar or space frame systems. These profiles offer a sustainable and versatile alternative to traditional materials and composites, providing innovative and eco-friendly construction solutions while contributing to industry sustainability goals.

Towards Sustainable Products and Services: The Influences of Traditional Costumes in Promoting Sustainable Fashion

Recent research in Sustainability has gained increasing attention within the past years, particularly regarding methods and approaches for designing sustainable products and services to address environmental and societal challenges. However, there has been limited exploration of incorporating cultural materials into the design process, which could enhance the cultural sustainability of products and services. This article aims to investigate the potential of integrating traditional royal costumes into fashion design to foster sustainability values and behaviours in contemporary society. A descriptive study focused on the Nhat Binh robe; a formal dress worn by noblewomen of the Nguyen Dynasty (1802–1945). The findings reveal that this traditional costume is rich in visual elements, offering a wealth of inspiration for fashion designers. However, existing products and services have yet to fully leverage the emotional and visual aspects of this unique cultural material. To creatively and sustainably preserve and promote traditional cultural values, this study proposes a model for incorporating traditional cultural materials into fashion design through co-design activities. This model emphasizes close collaboration between designers, artisans, and fashion consumers, with the goal of safeguarding traditional cultural values while advancing sustainable fashion. By fostering collaboration among them, the model has the potential to encourage a sense of ownership and emotional connection to the products, enriching consumer experiences. It not only addresses existing gaps in the use of cultural elements in fashion design but also positions designers to play a pivotal role in the future of sustainable fashion.

Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) as an Eco-Friendly Sustainable Material: Optimising Mechanical Properties and Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity for Environmental Architectural Design

This study will assess the utilisation of Bamboo (a Thai vernacular material) in the construction industry. Bamboo is a sustainable and environmentally friendly material which provides a suitable alternative to traditional construction materials. This research will examine its mechanical strength properties as determined by a review of the existing literature and an examination of the bearing area variations of bamboo nodes. The research data and ensuing experiments facilitated the simulation of the load-bearing capacities of bamboo columnar and beam structures via optimisation. Additionally, this study examined the limitations of bamboo-based structures. The assimilation of mechanical property data and bamboo strength was imperative for the production of load-bearing simulations for bamboo columns and beams within ANSYS software. In many countries, bamboo is a commonly employed construction material because of the many benefits it provides such as its rapid growth speed. The compressive strength tests conducted in this study revealed that the middle nodes could withstand up to 64.9 kN, which was the highest value amongs the three samples tested. These findings will contribute to ongoing optimisation and research regarding the damage mechanisms affecting column and beam structures under load. Notably, this damage was prevalent at the junctures of column and beam interfaces. The intention is to conduct additional research that will enhance the current understanding and ensure the sustainability of bamboo as an architectural building material.