Traditional Logic Research Articles

Narrative essence of language content in the expression of the composer evaluation of their own creativity

The purpose of the article is to investigate the narratives of contemporary Ukrainian composers in the context of their assessment of their own work and the actual existing musicological components of each work: its purpose, the whole conglomeration of musical means of expression, and their multidimensional and multifunctional context. Attention is focused on the problem of inconsistency of the author's linguistic content in expressing his own ideas about his work, with the actual state of affairs, in terms of musicological logic, psychology, etc. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the sphere of expression of human thinking by R. Bart, K. Bremon, F. Jameson, T. Tytarenko, Ts. Todorov, E. Tshebinski and others. Also, studies by G. Gadamer, M. Heidegger, P. Reeker, R. Harre, which consider the narrative as a discursive structure, formed on the basis of their own experience. In the field of musical art, the problem of narratology is paid attention to in the works of N. Gerasimova-Persidskaya, O. Zinkevych, Y. Chekan, and some other musicologists. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the work a comparative analysis of the subjective-authorial understanding of composers of the narratives of their own work with the musicological, culturological, and socio-political context of the existence of the individual, to establish the artistic conceptuality of some of their works. Conclusions. It is established that the assimilation and awareness of meaning are possible only through certain messages that can have many meanings, and decoding them together can take any form. Thus, at the junction of the meanings of the narrator and the listener, his interpretive understanding appears, which becomes the basis of the final conclusion.
 Keywords: language content, creative narratives, artistic conceptuality, decoding.

Logical Design of Legal Education. Towards the Anniversary of Kutafin Moscow State Law University

The paper deals with the problem of interrelation between two research programs — logic and jurisprudence — from antiquity to the present. Traditional logic has created and developed the Great Triad “Concept — Judgment — Inference” that has become an educational and methodological canon of humanitarian knowledge and education in general and legal knowledge and legal education in particular. The doctrine of the concept, the doctrine of judgment, the doctrine of inference (more precisely, the doctrine of proof) are essentially used in legal proceedings, law-making, and law enforcement. The author resorts to modern achievements of the theory and technology of scientific knowledge as a research methodology. Logical knowledge itself appears in the form of methodology. Under this approach, any science, both natural and humanitarian, necessarily defines its conceptual corpus. Any science, creating its own description of the subject area, uses theoretical provisions in the form of a set of theses and arguments expressed by judgments. Any science substantiates its vision of the world using a system of evidence. All these properties are subject to and correspond to the subject of logics taught in every law school in the context of legal logics or logics for lawyers. The place of logic in the framework of legal education is considered as a hierarchy of problems of the relation between the phenomena of “the logical” and “the legal” within the framework of the world-historical process, the relation between the phenomena of “the logical” and “the legal” within the framework of domestic history and domestic education system before 1917, i.e., before the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Soviet power, the relation between the phenomena of “the legal” and “the logical” in Soviet and post-Soviet history, creation of an education system, including legal education, in our country and the development of the logical science and logical education at Kutafin Moscow State Law University. The uniqueness of the study is associated with the use of the Transcript of the All-Soviet Meeting of Logic Teachers of Higher Educational Institutions held on June 21–26, 1948 in Moscow discovered and introduced into scientific circulation by the author of the paper. The result of the study proves the special importance of logic for lawyers as a reliable tool in situations of lawmaking, law enforcement and interpretation of legal norms.

The Jewish Reception of Aristotle’s Poetics in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-century Provence: A Survey of the Arabic Sources

Abstract The last few years have seen a renewed interest in Aristotle’s logic in the Jewish tradition, giving a decisive impulse to the research on the Greek-into-Hebrew philosophical transmission in medieval and early modern times. The present article aims to contribute to the studies on Aristotelian logic in Hebrew by focusing on a less explored aspect, namely the reception of Aristotle’s Poetics in Jewish culture.

Etymological essence of the procedural form as a factor of specification of the judge's profile in administrative proceedings

The purpose of the study is to establish a dialectical relationship, etymological features between the certainty of the procedural form of administrative proceedings and the level of protection of citizens 'rights in the resolution of Public Law disputes, the Prevention of abuse of citizens' rights in administrative proceedings, the weight of involving a judge in resolving disputes in separate proceedings. Methodology: in the implementation of this research, general and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: the method of system analysis, the dialectical method, the formal-logical method and the structural-functional method, as well as a number of empirical methods. Results: the authors came to the conclusion that there is no normative deterministic procedure for separate separate proceedings, which does not fit into the traditional logic on the methodological basis of the stages of administrative proceedings – dispute resolution procedures with the participation of a judge, restoration of lost proceedings and execution of court orders.

Flipping the “New Penology” Script: Police Misconduct Insurance, Grassroots Activism, and Risk Management–Based Reform

Through a multi-method qualitative case study, I examine the failed 2016 ballot campaign of the Committee for Professional Policing (CfPP), a police accountability group in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In attempting to make Minneapolis the first city nationwide to require police to carry professional liability insurance, the CfPP turned the logic of Malcolm M. Feeley and Jonathan Simon’s “new penology” paradigm onto police. Their thesis argues that a contemporary penal shift occurred away from rehabilitation toward managing aggregates of dangerous criminal categories through risk management approaches. I extend their thesis in a new direction by examining how—in the emerging age of “algorithmic risk governance”—social movement organizations, like the CfPP, are starting to invert the new penology onto criminal justice personnel. In flipping the script, the CfPP called for a new private insurance market using mandatory police misconduct insurance to manage aggregates of dangerous police officers. After highlighting how the CfPP developed new penological objectives, discourses, and technologies, I discuss the implications of grassroots groups adopting and redefining traditional penal logics and propose future research avenues.

المفاهيم المنهجية للبحت العلمي في مجال العمارة والتخطيط

Scientific research is a systematic faculty of human mind, oriented to solve a livable problem, or to explain a phenomenon, in order to enable scientific reasoning to derive solutions to the problem, or to explain correlations and causality of the phenomenon. Methodology, therein, provides the necessary logical consequence of deploying adequate and relevant processes. Deductive method, emanating from positivism, hegemonies the scientific sphere till Einstein proofed the insufficiency of empiricism to cope with the contemporary advance of science.The traditional logic of science is proved to deter the prevailing creative and innovative trends. This paper tends to scrutinize theramifications of this complicated situation on the field of architecture and planning, aiming to highlight the dilemma facing the research methodologywithin the field, in a way to grope the directions of the expected paradigm shift. The criticisms casted to conventional methods of research have negatively affected that of the architecture and planning field, which suffers an ultimate inconsistency, since the field is composed of three, paradoxically, heterogeneous scientific components of: pure science, social science and art. The analysis of the paper tends to prove validity of the hypothetical deduction methodology, originated from rational criticism, to formulate the theoretical background to the new paradigm. It recommends the critical analysis method as atabula rasafor synthesizingand evaluating urban issues, while urban context and urban scape are called to circumscribe research on phenomena to their socioeconomic and sociospatial context.Urban scape is moreover utilized as a tool for analysis and evaluation

The Reception of Boethian Topics in the Early Middle Ages

The purpose of this study is to focus on the coexistence, during the transmission of the doctrine on the Topics in the early Middle Ages, of two different interpretations: although both emerge from two commentaries on Cicero’s Topics, however, they gave rise to two different readings: the one transmitted by Marius Victorinus (ca. 280-365 AC) who thought the topics almost exclusively in the service of Rhetoric, the other conceived by Boethius (ca. 480-524 AC) who intended to restore the centrality that the Topics had in the Aristotelian Logic, by subordinating the rethorical Topics to dialectical Topics. My conclusion is that the Early Middle Ages can be considered, from an epistemological point of view, as a long boetiana aetas. Although the corpus of Boethius’s logical writings was not yet available until the second half of the 11th century, Boethius’s methodological approach on the Topics somehow continued to support the slow but constant absorption of the topical doctrine into the new Christian sensibility.

Memory in Terms of Logic and Semiotics

The phenomenon of memory is considered as a component implicitly present in the process of information communication. A short typology of memory kinds that form a referential field around so-called semantic memory is given. Through the approaches of Yu. Lotman and R. Jacobson, the classical notion of time is considered through the relationship "Past-Present-Future", which is closely related to the problems of memory. The focus is on how could the memory be considered within logic and by means of logic? As one of the ways of solving the point, to apply the tools of tense logic to the problem through the analysis of the works of Anatoly Ishmuratov (1946–2017), a prominent Ukrainian logician, is proposed. The classifications of the tenses by O. Jespersen, H. Reichenbach, W. Bull are considered. The subjective and objective axes of orientation, which form the basis of calendars, charts and scales, as fragments of time, are analyzed. According to Ishmuratov, these instruments – schemes, diagrams, etc. can be considered languages. The possibility of language objectification of meaning determines the relationship of logical inference, and thus the structuring of semantic areas, which are memories, by means the language of logic and in accordance with its structures. Through the study of logical and cognitive conditions of action, A. Ishmuratov continued to develop ideas of tense logic and their application to explain the psychological perception of objective time. He construed a scheme of semantic connections of memory as a mental act that reproduces the life path of the individual; he distinguished between memories and "pseudo-memories", which together influence the reassessment of past events, shape the individual`s experience and his ability to construe alternatives to the future and reasoning about it. A special place in A. Ishmuratov's research is occupied by his explication of temporal three-valued logic and application of temporal modalities to the analysis of so-called transient states. Further study of such approaches could help to make sense of rational explication of memory, testimonies, reminiscences of past events and give interesting results.

Construction of Generalized Rademacher Functions in Terms of Ternary Logic: Solving the Problem of Visibility of Using Galois Fields for Digital Signal Processing

Construction of Generalized Rademacher Functions in Terms of Ternary Logic: Solving the Problem of Visibility of Using Galois Fields for Digital Signal Processing

World-Literature, Commodity Frontiers, and Aesthetic Form

This article speaks of a literary comparativism provided by the environment-making dynamics of commodity frontiers. How is world-literature imbricated in these movements? How do texts mediate the logic of commodity frontiers and how might this mediation be differently inflected by the specific political ecologies of sugar, coffee, oil, or rubber? To approach literature from this angle clearly resonates with Patricia Yaeger’s call to attend to the energy resources that make texts possible (2011). By responding to this call through the optic of the commodity frontier, I seek to underscore the necessity of understanding those resources in terms of the systemic logic and structural relations of capitalism as a world-ecology.

INVARIANCE CRITERIA AS META-CONSTRAINTS

AbstractInvariance criteria are widely accepted as a means to demarcate the logical vocabulary of a language. In previous work, I proposed a framework of “semantic constraints” for model-theoretic consequence which does not rely on a strict distinction between logical and nonlogical terms, but rather on a range of constraints on models restricting the interpretations of terms in the language in different ways. In this paper I show how invariance criteria can be generalized so as to apply to semantic constraints on models. Some obviously unpalatable semantic constraints turn out to be invariant under isomorphisms. I shall connect the discussion to known counter-examples to invariance criteria for logical terms, and so the generalization will also shed light on the current existing debate on logicality. I analyse the failure of invariance to fulfil its role as a criterion for logicality, and argue that invariance conditions should best be thought of as merely methodological meta-constraints restricting the ways the model-theoretic apparatus should be used.

An efficient structure for designing a nano-scale fault-tolerant 2:1 multiplexer based on quantum-dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a unique and appealing technique for developing and implementing high-performance and low-power digital circuits at the nanometer scale. In this technology, fault-tolerant circuits guarantee reliability circuits through cells redundancy. Therefore, fault-tolerant and optimized architecture are very important in designing a wide range of QCA circuits. However, although there are some QCA structures for multiplexer designs in the literature, QCA characteristics can be used to design a more optimized multiplexer rather than blindly modeling traditional logic in QCA. As a result, we developed an alternate version of the proposed approaches that leverage fault-tolerant design methodologies. In this article, a new structure for a fault-tolerant 2:1 multiplexer in QCA technology is suggested. Cell redundancy on the wire, NOT gates and majority gates are used. Simulating the suggested designs and demonstrating their correctness was done with QCADesigner 2.0.3. When the additional cell or single missing cell fault occurs in the QCA architecture, the suggested fault-tolerant multiplexer can achieve 90% fault tolerance.

Generalized Greenberger\u2013Horne\u2013Zeilinger Arguments from Quantum Logical Analysis

The Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) argument against noncontextual local hidden variables is recast in quantum logical terms of fundamental propositions, states and probabilities. Unlike Kochen–Specker- and Hardy-like configurations, this operator based argument proceeds within four nonintertwining contexts. The nonclassical performance of the GHZ argument is due to the choice or filtering of observables with respect to a particular state. We study the varieties of GHZ games one could play in these four contexts, depending on the chosen state of the GHZ basis.

Iterative Learning Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Systems with Adaptive Gain and without Resetting Condition

In this paper, we present two ILC schemes. The first one is a PD-type iterative learning control with an initial state algorithm to solve the trajectory tracking problem for nonlinear systems with uncertainties and without satisfying the classical resetting condition. -norm method is used to prove the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system and the simulation results on perturbed nonlinear system have been given. The second approach is a simple P-type iterative learning fuzzy control scheme to solve the trajectory tracking problem for MIMO nonlinear systems. The control design is applicable to deal with a class of nonlinear systems without satisfying the global Lipschitz continuity condition, for which a fuzzy logic term is added to cope with unknown parameters. In addition, the swarm optimization algorithm is used to design the optimum iterative learning fuzzy control (ILFC). Using Lyapunov theory, the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system is guaranteed over the whole finite time. Finally, an illustrative example on two-link manipulator is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Fuzzy logical conclusions and conclusions in expert systems of medical diagnostics

The main problems in making a correct diagnosis are: subjectivity and insufficient qualifications of the doctor, difficulties in correctly assessing the patient’s complaints, signs and symptoms of the disease observed in the patient, as well as individual manifestations of the symptoms of the disease. In publications on the use of expert systems for medical diagnostics using fuzzy logic, the main attention was paid to the medical features of the problem. In this work, for the first time, general methodological aspects of building such systems, creating databases, representing by fuzzy sets of real numbers, digital scales, linguistic and Boolean data of symptom values are formulated. The types of membership functions that are advisable to use to represent the symptoms of diseases are proposed. In fuzzy-logical conclusions, not only the values of the characteristic functions of the logical terms of individual symptoms, but also complex arithmetic functions of their values are used.

Glue Semantics

Glue Semantics (Glue) is a general framework for semantic composition and the syntax–semantics interface. The framework grew out of an interdisciplinary collaboration at the intersection of formal linguistics, formal logic, and computer science. Glue assumes a separate level of syntax; this can be any syntactic framework in which syntactic structures have heads. Glue uses a fragment of linear logic for semantic composition. General linear logic terms in Glue meaning constructors are instantiated relative to a syntactic parse. The separation of the logic of composition from structural syntax distinguishes Glue from other theories of semantic composition and the syntax–semantics interface. It allows Glue to capture semantic ambiguity, such as quantifier scope ambiguity, without necessarily positing an ambiguity in the syntactic structure. Glue is introduced here in relation to four of its key properties, which are used as organizing themes: resource-sensitive composition, flexible composition, autonomy of syntax, and syntax/semantics non-isomorphism.

Formalizing commitments using the event calculus and RuleML

Smart Contracts enable the automated execution of exchanges on the blockchain. From an ontological perspective, smart contracts create and automate the fulfillment of social commitments between actors. Whereas traditional deontic logic is used to make a legal determination in contractual multi-actor interactions, this paper focuses on the consequences of these actions resulting from that determination, thereby shifting the focus from monitoring to execution. The interactions between actors and the consequences in terms of commitments have not yet been formalized for smart contracts. The perspective of smart contracts is interesting, since they are considered to be autonomous agents, able to generate automated actions. We use the Event Calculus as a formal logic to represent and reason about the effects of these automated actions and the resulting commitments. Since the Event Calculus deals with local events and the consideration of time, this approach enables the uniform representation of commitments, including their operations and reasoning rules.

Representing Buridan’s Divided Modal Propositions in First-Order Logic

Formalizing categorical propositions of traditional logic in the language of quantifiers and propositional functions is no straightforward matter, especially when modalities get involved. Starting with the formulas for non-modal categoricals, we consider various ways of modalizing the formulas and semantic criteria of their evaluation that can be derived from Buridan. In addition to the logical relations included in the octagon of divided modal propositions, three interrelated aspects are taken into account—existential import, sensitivity to ampliation of terms in modal contexts, and quantification over possibilia. We end by suggesting a representation of Buridan’s divided modal propositions that relies on the use of actualist quantification over variable domains. The formulas adequately capture the truth conditions given by Buridan, and they preserve all relations of the octagon, as well as permissible conversions in modal S5.

Metonymy in scientific linguistic discourse

The purpose of the article was to show the features of the functioning of different types of metonymy in scientific linguistic discourse, which is understood as a verbalized epistemic situation common to the scientific sphere of communication, taken in the entire totality of linguistic and extralinguistic factors and enshrined in the form of texts (oral and written ones). The article deals with metonymy from the point of view of langue / parole: lexicalized metonymy in langue is a semantic transposition mechanism on contiguity and carries out a terminological nomination; discursive metonymy in parole becomes the result of syntagmatic contiguity of syntactic constructions. Linguistic metonymic terms are grouped by types of knowledge: declarative and procedural ones. The shifts of meaning between the logical terms “object”, “subject”, “general” and “specific”, “abstract” and “concrete”, “form”, “content”, etc., directed towards each other, are observed in metonymic terms of declarative type. Metonymy can reflect the processes due to the causality between adjacent objects. Transitional phenomena between lexicalized (linguistic) and discursive (speech) metonymy reflect those models that contain onyms; they are related to the designation of the subject of knowledge (linguist) and his scientific discovery.

Transgenerational Intent of Taiwanese Business Families in Brisbane, Australia

Abstract This study investigates the impact of immigrant context on continuity and success in Chinese family business. We conceptualize the immigrant context as exposure to country differences in family logic, arguing that the immigrant context influences transgenerational intent by affecting family practices and relations. Based on a multiple-case study of Taiwanese business families in Brisbane, Australia, we show that variations in three family practices – parental control, children’s filial piety, and parental role in children’s career development – play an important role in this matter. To explain why, we theorize that the extent to which Taiwanese immigrant business families continue with or depart from traditional Chinese family logic in terms of these three practices enables particular meaning of intrafamily succession to prevail in the family, which ultimately affects their transgenerational intent.