Traditional Layout Research Articles

A Simulation Assessment of Autonomous Mobility on Demand in the City of Edinburgh

We present simulation scenarios of private and public transportation modes of transportation being replaced by autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) system in Edinburgh, UK, based on realistic temporal and spatial demand patterns. Edinburgh is interesting to simulate because it is selected to be one of the top 50 congested cities despite the traditional layout of the city with a low population density. For each mode of transportation, we test five different operational policies (from the literature) for different fleet sizes. We examine the results both in terms of system expenditures and profits, as well as service quality. Additionally, we evaluate Pareto solutions that combine policies’ performance to give a trade-off between wait times and empty miles. In comparison with private cars, the Autonomous Vehicles (AV) resulted in 86% reduction in the number of cars on the road. In addition, the use of the AVs per day is at least two to seven times higher than the UK private car usage. A reduction in the number of vehicles will have a positive influence on the congestion. When compared with the public mode, AMoD vehicles require 62% less time and 60% less distance than buses for the same trips.

Wave amplification caused by Bragg resonance on parabolic-type topography

Inspired by the focusing principle of a parabolic-type mirror and the wave Bragg resonance, a parabolic-type spatial layout with a Bragg bottom is proposed, which can significantly amplify wave height. The wave propagation characteristics on the parabolic-type topography were numerically investigated using a developed numerical model based on the High-Order Spectral (HOS) method. The amplification properties of the wave height on the proposed parabolic topography with a Bragg bottom were systematically analyzed considering different ripple heights, ripple numbers, topographic widths and focal lengths. The results show that the focusing effect of wave height increases with the increase of the ripple height, ripple number and topographic width. However, when the ripple number and topographic width are bigger than certain constants, their effect on wave focusing becomes insignificant. Compared with the traditional parallel-type layout, the ripple number of the proposed parabolic-type layout can be reduced to one-fifth to achieve the same amplified effect of the parallel layout with the same ripple height. Moreover, the focus length also influences the wave focusing by changing the wave collection angle. From the presented studies, the optimal collection angle of the parabolic-type layout is approximately in the range of 82°–115°.

The hospital of the future: rethinking architectural design to enable new patient-centered treatment concepts.

PurposeToday’s hospitals are designed as collections of individual departments, with limited communication and collaboration between medical sub-specialties. Patients are constantly being moved between different places, which is detrimental for patient experience, overall efficiency and capacity. Instead, we argue that care should be brought to the patient, not vice versa, and thus propose a novel hospital architecture concept that we refer to as Patient Hub. It envisions a truly patient-centered, department-less facility, in which all critical functions occur in the same building and on the same floor.MethodsTo demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of our concept, we selected an exemplary patient scenario and used 3D software to simulate resulting workflows for both the Patient Hub and a traditional hospital based on a generic hospital template by Kaiser-Permanente.ResultsAccording to our workflow simulations, the Patient Hub model effectively eliminates waiting and transfer times, drastically simplifies wayfinding, reduces overall traveling distances by 54%, reduces elevator runs by 78% and improves access to quality views from 67 to 100% for patient rooms, from 0 to 100% for exam rooms and from 0 to 38% for corridors. In addition, the interaction of related medical fields is improved while maintaining the quality of care and the relationship between patients and caregivers.ConclusionWith the Patient Hub concept, we aim at rethinking traditional hospital layouts. We were able to demonstrate, alas on a proof-of-concept basis, that it is indeed feasible to place the patient at the very center of operations, while increasing overall efficiency and capacity at the same time and maintaining the quality of care.

Hybrid dual laser processing for improved quality of inclined up-facing surfaces in laser powder bed fusion of metals

Additive manufacturing techniques such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) enable production of components with highly complex geometries. However, their as-built surface quality and geometrical precision remain insufficient for high-end applications, requiring further post-processing. Unlike horizontal surfaces, inclined up-facing surfaces cannot be improved by in situ remelting, as they remain covered with powder. In this research a dual laser setup replaces the traditional single-laser layout. Surface enhancement is achieved in two steps: a nanosecond pulsed laser is used to remove powder from selected areas via laser-induced shock waves (LISW), so that these surfaces can be remelted with a continuous wave laser. This work presents an investigation of in situ remelting (laser polishing) of inclined surfaces in their as-built orientation, after powder removal by brushing or using LISW. Particular focus is given on the effect of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, number of scans) on the surface and subsurface quality and dimensional accuracy. As a result, this in situ processing leads to a comparable surface texture on horizontal and inclined surfaces, without introducing any major subsurface defects.

Multi-Objective Design of Profit Volumes and Closeness Ratings Using MBHS Optimizing Based on the PrefixSpan Mining Approach (PSMA) for Product Layout in Supermarkets

Product layout significantly impacts consumer demand for purchases in supermarkets. Product shelf renovation is a crucial process that can increase supermarket efficiency. The development of a sequential pattern mining algorithm for investigating the correlation patterns of product layouts, solving the numerous problems of shelf design, and the development of an algorithm that considers in-store purchase and shelf profit data with the goal of improving supermarket efficiency, and consequently profitability, were the goals of this research. The authors of this research developed two types of algorithms to enhance efficiency and reach the goals. The first was a PrefixSpan algorithm, which was used to optimize sequential pattern mining, known as the PrefixSpan mining approach. The second was a new multi-objective design that considered the objective functions of profit volumes and closeness rating using the mutation-based harmony search (MBHS) optimization algorithm, which was used to evaluate the performance of the first algorithm based on the PrefixSpan algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that the PrefixSpan algorithm can determine correlation rules more efficiently and accurately ascertain correlation rules better than any other algorithms used in the study. Additionally, the authors found that MBHS with a new multi-objective design can effectively find the product layout in supermarket solutions. Finally, the proposed product layout algorithm was found to lead to higher profit volumes and closeness ratings than traditional shelf layouts, as well as to be more efficient than other algorithms.

Research on dynamic page layout design in the visual field of flexible communication—on screen media

With the advent of screen media age and the intervention of electronic technology, people’s lives are surrounded by images. The modern society immersed in the image world has put forward new requirements for page layout, that thepage layoutis different from what it was before. Based on the popularization of screen media in the current era, this paper analyzes the language features and advantages of dynamic page layout design in the new media era, and holds that it can attract people’s attention through dynamic effects, imperceptibly in the completion of information transmission, improvement of the traditional page layout in the transmission of blunt passive effect.

Transformasi Tata Ruang Rumah Warga Banjar Karang Dalem I, Desa Bongkasa Pertiwi, Kabupaten Badung, Bali

Badung Regency has declared 11 Badung Tourism Villages through Perbup no. 47 of 2010. 1 of the 11 Tourism Villages that have been proclaimed is Bongkasa Pertiwi Village (BP). The development of the number of tourist visits to BP village was quite significant before the pandemic. Along with increasing tourism activities in BP Village, there has been a transformation of the spatial layout of residents' houses that are able to accommodate the Homestay function (Tourism Accommodation). An in-depth study is needed, in order to find out to what extent the impact of BP Village's tourism development has affected the transformation of settlements, especially the private houses of its residents who are still traditional. The object of this research is Settlement Br. Karang Dalem I, which in terms of spatial settlements and private houses of residents, is very traditional. The purpose of this study was to explore, record, and analyze the spatial aspects of the settlement of Br. Karang Dalem I which is fairly unique (Typical/Traditional) along with the spatial impact of tourism developments that might affect these spatial aspects. This study will use an exploratory-qualitative method with cross-examination data analysis to obtain the best research conclusions. Based on the findings and results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the transformation occurs in the form of function adaptation but while maintaining the basic values of the traditional Balinese house layout. Keywords: Transformation; Layout; House; Traditional.

Optimization Method of Sports Service Network Node Layout Based on Network Communication

Aiming at the problems of traditional sports service network node layout optimization methods, which have low node coverage, node moving distance, and long distance, a sports service network node layout optimization method based on network communication is proposed. The approximate algorithm is used to calculate the probability that the wireless communication network covers the sports service network node. According to the energy consumption generated by the sports service network node in the communication process and the energy generated by the node transmission data, the energy consumption model is constructed to obtain all the communication nodes of the sports service network. Taking the maximum coverage of the rectangular area of the sports service network communication node and the minimum energy consumption of the node as the optimization goal, the accelerated genetic algorithm is used to construct the objective function to optimize the layout of the sports service network node. The simulation experiment results show that the sports service network node coverage of the proposed method has a wide coverage and a shorter node moving distance, which can effectively extend the life of the sports service network.

Joint optimization of wind farm layout considering optimal control

The wake effect is one of the leading causes of energy losses in offshore wind farms (WFs). Both turbine placement and cooperative control can influence the wake interactions inside the WF and thus the overall WF power production. Traditionally, greedy control strategy is assumed in the layout design phase. To exploit the potential synergy between the WF layout and control so that a system-level optimal layout can be obtained with the greatest energy yields, the layout optimization should be performed with cooperative control considerations. For this purpose, a novel two-stage WF layout optimization model is developed in this paper. Cooperative WF control of both turbine yaw and axis-induction are considered in the WF layout design. However, the integration of WF control makes the layout optimization much more complicated and results in a large-scale nonconvex problem, hindering the application of current layout optimization methods. To increase the computational efficiency, we leverage the hierarchy and decomposability of the joint optimization problem and design a decomposition-based hybrid method (DBHM). Instead of manipulating all the variables simultaneously, the joint optimization problem is decomposed into several subproblems and their coordination. Case studies are carried out on different WFs. It is shown that WF layouts with higher energy yields can be obtained by the proposed joint optimization compared to traditional separate layout optimization. Moreover, the computational advantages of the proposed DBHM on the considered joint layout optimization problem are also demonstrated.

3D Printed Integrated Multi-Layer Microfluidic Chips for Ultra-High Volumetric Throughput Nanoliposome Preparation.

Although microfluidic approaches for liposomes preparation have been developed, fabricating microfluidic devices remains expensive and time-consuming. Also, owing to the traditional layout of microchannels, the volumetric throughput of microfluidics has been greatly limited. Herein an ultra-high volumetric throughput nanoliposome preparation method using 3D printed microfluidic chips is presented. A high-resolution projection micro stereolithography (PμSL) 3D printer is applied to produce microfluidic chips with critical dimensions of 400 µm. The microchannels of the microfluidic chip adopt a three-layer layout, achieving the total flow rate (TFR) up to 474 ml min−1, which is remarkably higher than those in the reported literature. The liposome size can be as small as 80 nm. The state of flows in microchannels and the effect of turbulence on liposome formation are explored. The experimental results demonstrate that the 3D printed integrated microfluidic chip enables ultra-high volumetric throughput nanoliposome preparation and can control size efficiently, which has great potential in targeting drug delivery systems.

To the Side, to the Side: Academic Libraries and LibGuides Layout Adoption

ABSTRACT In 2014, Springshare introduced a new LibGuides layout option. In addition to the traditional horizontally-tabbed layout (top navigation), LibGuides designers now have the option of vertically-arrayed tabs on the upper left-hand side of the page (side navigation). Like the university hosting this study, schools have, to varying degrees, shifted their LibGuides toward side navigation and away from top navigation. To better understand the research behind this migration, researchers at the University of Northern Iowa conducted a thorough literature review on navigation menu location preferences and navigation menu efficacy within the field of librarianship and computer science. This review identified a complex and diverse set of results not often reported in the library literature. To gauge the extent of migration toward side navigation in LibGuides, this study investigated the navigation layout of the ten most visited LibGuides at 462 academic libraries throughout the United States during the summers of 2019 and 2021. While the majority of the LibGuides reviewed at research universities are now in side navigation format, the adoption rate of side navigation in LibGuides differed dramatically by the size and type of academic institution.

A support-design framework for Cooperative Robots systems in labor-intensive manufacturing processes

Manufacturing processes and industrial systems gradually change their traditional layouts and configurations, preparing to introduce novel integrated human-robot technologies as collaborative robots and exoskeletons. Whether mass customization of lot size and the production mix discourages the adoption of capital-intensive automation, collaborative robots become affordable and effective and a hotspot of the debate on manufacturing systems. This paper provides a novel support-design framework for the cooperative robot system in labor-intensive manufacturing processes to aid layout and task scheduling design. Through an iterative closed-loop methodology, this framework explores the impact of a cooperative robot in a labour-intensive manufacturing system like the production facility of a food service company. The framework leads the designer through the re-layout of the end-of-line, the economic and technical feasibility analyses, using simulation to estimate payback and ergonomics benefits for workers. Within the proposed layout, we state that adopting a cooperative cobot for the end-of-line is affordable and ergonomically convenient without representing a safety threat for workers. The testbed confirms the framework as an enabling tool for human-robot technologies integration in current manufacturing systems under budget and workers-driven constraints.

Numerical study on the in-situ pyrolysis process of steeply dipping oil shale deposits by injecting superheated water steam: A case study on Jimsar oil shale in Xinjiang, China

Taking the oil shale deposits in the Jimsar area of Xinjiang, China as an example, this paper proposes an in-situ pyrolysis method using superheated steam suitable for steeply dipping oil shale. This method involves drilling parallel to the bedding and fracturing fractures perpendicular to bedding direction. High-temperature fluid is injected from the injection well to develop a larger heat exchange area through fracturing fractures and oil shale deposits. In this study, a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling mathematical model considering oil shale anisotropy was established to study the in-situ conversion process. The results show that the new proposed method (hydraulic fracture number = 3) has the same heating efficiency as the traditional well layout method (drilling well perpendicular to beddings, fracture number = 3), but has the advantage of preventing shear damage to the wellbore and reducing the drilling cost; For the optimization of hydraulic fracture number and length, when the hydraulic fracture number is increased to 4 (fracture spacing = 20 m), the heating efficiency no longer significantly increases. When the fracture length increased, the heating efficiency does not significantly change. The results of this paper can serve as a reference for the study of in-situ pyrolysis of steeply dipping oil shale deposits.

Long-distance Φ-OTDR with a flexible frequency response based on time division multiplexing.

In this study, a long-distance phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) with a flexible frequency response based on time division multiplexing is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Distributed flexible frequency vibration sensing over long distance can be realized by reconfiguring the system layout in a time-division-multiplexed manner by re-routing the Rayleigh backscattered signals for segmented processing with extra erbium-doped fiber amplifiers added only instead of any other complex signal amplification or pulse modulation mechanisms. Through time-division-multiplexed reconfiguration, the tradeoff between sensing distance and vibration frequency response in Φ-OTDR system is largely relieved. Compared with the traditional system layout, the proposed system allows a flexible frequency response in each sensing fiber segment without any crosstalk among them. In experiments, distributed vibration sensing with a frequency response up to 4.5 kHz is achieved over a sensing distance of 60km by the proposed system, which is not possible in a conventional Φ-OTDR system. Furthermore, the frequency response flexibility of the proposed system is further verified by successfully identifying a vibration event with a frequency of up to 20 kHz at the end of a 52-km-long fiber.

Post-pandemic residential environment in Amman

PurposeThe fundamental lifestyle changes, economic concerns, property price increase and construction cost can explain the transformation of traditional housing layouts to massive indoor planes by prioritizing indoor over outdoor spaces. That is, overlooking the effect of outdoor spaces, on life quality, to compensate for indoor spaces expansion. As a result, this study highlighted outdoor spaces and their impact on psychological wellbeing, especially through the enforcement of quarantine conditions and social distance.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve that, a spatial analysis for (70) apartments, in Amman, was undertaken to understand outdoor space in terms of spatial configuration, size, adjacent spaces and usage. An assessment for outdoor space based on both users' and professionals' perspectives to discuss the current situation condition in terms of physical layout, activities, area, spaces' treatment and associated incentives. (125) responses were collected from the head of household living in an apartment through using a structured questionnaire. In addition, feedback in terms of dynamics home components, home buyers' market trends and local regulations were collected from (22) professionals.FindingsStudy results have shown that apartments' buildings in Amman are deficient, quantitatively and qualitatively, in both apartments with outdoor spaces in general and units on typical floors without outdoor space in specific. While, quantitative deficiency is associated with the poor layout in terms of area, functionality and variety. Qualitative is related to the absence of nature inspiration that incorporates five senses. As a result, this underlines the need for formulation design guidelines and strategies considering psychological wellbeing to improve outdoor spaces as a hub for activities.Originality/valueHighlight the value of introducing post-pandemic multi-family housing that could lead to changes in building codes and design strategies to enhance psychological wellbeing of residents.

Optimization and Re-Design of Integrated Thermal Protection Systems Considering Thermo-Mechanical Performance

Integrated thermal protection system (ITPS) is regarded as one of the most promising thermal protection concepts with both thermal insulation and load-bearing capacities. However, the traditional layout of webs could inevitably lead to thermal short effects and high risk of buckling failure of the ITPS. A topological optimization method for the unit cell of the ITPS was established to minimize the equivalent thermal conductivity and elastic strain energy with the constraint of maintaining structural efficiency. The ITPS was re-designed consulting the optimized cell configuration. In order to control the buckling-mode shape and the associated buckling load of the ITPS, the new design was further optimized, subjected to the total weight of the initial design. Detailed finite element models were established to validate the structural responses. By contrast, the optimized design presents lower bottom surface temperature and better thermal buckling characteristics, performing a better balance between thermal insulation and load-bearing constraints.

Probing in online mixed-device surveys: Is a research messenger layout more effective than a traditional online layout, especially on mobile devices?

This article compares the effectiveness of a research messenger layout to a traditional online layout with regards to probing. Responses to different types of probes (explanation, elaboration and category selection probes) were examined in terms of length and quality, measured by number of characters, number of themes, and an indicator for response quality. The research messenger layout, regardless of device being used, had a negative effect on both response length, number of themes and response quality. Further, we found that in both the traditional and research messenger layout, using a mobile device negatively affects the number of characters and themes used in probed responses. We conclude that probing is most effective when a traditional survey is completed on a computer. The research messenger layout was not able to generate responses of similar quality compared to the traditional layout, regardless of device being used.

Influence of Spatial Layout of Residential Buildings on Sedentary Behaviour of Residents in Enugu, Nigeria

Sedentary lifestyle is a major cause of several non-communicable killer diseases globally. However, there is limited understanding of how the design and planning of residential buildings can help in curbing sedentary lifestyle among urban population in the developing countries. This research investigated the spatial layout of residential buildings and its influence on sedentary lifestyle of the occupants in Enugu metropolis in southeast Nigeria. A questionnaire survey of 400 residents and evaluation of the active design features of the floor plans of their residential buildings were conducted in the study area. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan multiple comparison test, and thematic content analysis. The residential buildings were found to have the traditional house and western style house layouts. Although the results indicated that residents spent about 90% of the time at home on sedentary activity, those living in buildings with traditional house layout were found to spend the least time on sedentary activity compared to those in dwelling units with western style house layout pattern. The results of Duncan multiple comparison test revealed that residents in house layouts where the conveniences are separated from the sleeping place or lounge, spent significantly lower time on sedentary activity such as sitting, while the reverse was the case for light activity like standing. The findings of this research are instructive in revealing that when it comes to active design, the traditional house layout pattern appears to have advantage over the modern or western style. It is therefore recommended that to achieve residential design that promotes physical activity among occupants, architects and other professionals involved in housing development should consider the adoption of the traditional layout concept in the design of future homes in the study area and beyond.

(Re)Shaping spaces for learning

Schools and universities in Aotearoa New Zealand have been transitioning into new spatial configurations. These spaces are being carefully (re)designed to accommodate technology-rich activity, and to enable collaborative teaching and learning in ways that actively engage students in scaffolded inquiry. As teachers and students shift from traditional classroom layouts into flexible learning arrangements, educators are having to deeply rethink their own practices. In addition, the recent Covid-19 outbreak raised new questions in education about the role of technology in learning. This article argues that it is critical that Aotearoa educators understand (i) how to (re)design and (re)configure learning spaces in ways that support what they value in learning; and (ii) how they can tap on the digital to extend students experiences, both across and beyond schools and universities’ physical settings. The article introduces a way of framing the design and analysis of complex learning situations and reports on qualitative findings from a recent survey, which explored educators’ experiences of learning environments across Aotearoa New Zealand.

Underground tunnel type PSPP

The article discusses the main scheme and advantages of an underground tunnel-type pumped storage power plant (PSPP). Unlike traditional layouts of such stations, the upper and lower basins are located underground and formed by a single tunnel. A description of the design of the new station type and a method for calculating its main parameters were proposed. The analysis showed the limitations that must be taken into account when choosing the main hydraulic equipment for the tunnel-type underground PSPP. Based on the calculations, the optimal diameters of the tunnels were analyzed and identified to ensure the minimum construction period.