Traditional Kazakh Research Articles

Youth Identity Development on the Basis of Traditional Kazakh Folk Music

This study strived to determine the most popular music genre among young Kazakhs in the context of personal, social, and national identity development, specify the relationship between musical preferences and personality type, and disclose the level of influence of traditional Kazakh folk music on the identity of the Kazakh youth. The authors conducted a survey and a test by taking advantage of such research methods as sociological survey, statistical analysis, social phenomena cognition (assessment, analogy tracking, comparison), psychological and typological concepts of Jung, as well as Abulkhanova-Slavskaya’s methodology for revealing personality traits. As a result of the investigation, hip-hop and rap were identified as the most popular music genres among the respondents (42.2%). Analysis of the data obtained in accordance with Abulhanova-Slavskaya’s personality typology revealed that 89% of the respondents preferring blues/jazz, classical music, and folk music demonstrated personality traits corresponding to the reflexive personality type; 91% of punk/rock and heavy metal fans showed conformity to the contemplative personality type; 87.5% of pop-music lovers were attributed the harmonious personality type; 93.5% of hip-hop and rap music fans – the productive personality type; 84% of traditional music fans – the performing type; and 96% of fans of pop with folk tunes – the functional type. It was also uncovered that 89% of the respondents who preferred traditional music belonged to the sensitive personality type characterized by impressionability, openness, empathy, alertness, firmness, conscientiousness, and, at the same time, inferiority complexes, and a tendency to psychogenic depressions and phobias.

Formulating Superhydrophobic Coatings with Silane for Microfiber Applications

This study investigates the development of superhydrophobic coatings on microfiber surfaces, with a specific focus on cotton, tweed, felt, and polyester fabrics. The resulting coatings demonstrated significant hydrophobicity, with water contact angles ranging from 128.5° for polyester to 148.9° for tweed. In addition, this investigation delves into the influence of pH levels on water contact angles, revealing notable fluctuations; specifically, higher pH levels resulted in decreased contact angles. The results indicated that the tweed fabric had the highest water contact angle at 151.7°, observed at a pH of 4. This study not only underscores the effective hydrophobic performance of these coatings but also highlights their practical applications. In particular, the research demonstrates the potential use of superhydrophobic coatings in the construction of traditional Kazakh ui (yurts), especially emphasizing the promising water repellency properties of felt fibers. Furthermore, this research illustrates a promising approach for producing superhydrophobic coatings on various microfiber surfaces, underlining their extensive potential applications within the textile industry. Overall, the findings suggest that the innovative use of superhydrophobic coatings can significantly enhance the water resistance of traditional and modern fabrics, paving the way for their broader application in various industries, including outdoor textiles and protective clothing.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET AITYS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Aitys is a type of oral literature of the Turkic people, which has existed since ancient times and is preserved today in Central Asia and the Anatolian region. The Kazakh and Kyrgyz people call it aitys/aitysh, and the Azerbaijani and Turkish people call it Aşıklık (minstrelsy) tradition. Both of these are listed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. Aitys takes place between two or more poets. The artist who participates and performs in it is considered as a poet or aitysker in Kazakh and Kyrgyz, ashyk in Azerbaijani and Turkish folklore. According to tradition, they do not prepare for aitys in advance, but, by competing with the opponent, they touch on any topical problems of society and convey them through their improvisational abilities. Poets’ aitys in Kazakhstan used to be held at celebrating events and palaces of culture, sometimes broadcast on TV channels. In the 21st century, with the current technology and electronics development, it began to spread out through Internet sites and social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, Skype, vk.com and YouTube. As a result, in addition to traditional aitys, word contests such as internet-aitys and online-aitys are appeared. Recently, more and more online-aitys has been organized in Kazakhstan, and public attention has begun to pay special attention to it. By this it can be said that a cultural change has taken place, and aitys is developing in a new way as a type of oral literature of the Kazakh people. Traditional Kazakh aitys have previously studied by researchers such as Akhmet Baytursynov, Halel Dosmukhamedov, Saken Seyfullin, Sabit Mukanov, Mukhtar Avezov, Muslim Bazarbayev, Zaki Ahmetov, Esmagambet Ismailov, Muhamedrahim Jarmuhamedov, Metin Ergun, Bekir Şişman, Nergis Biray, Eva-Marie Dubuisson, Lazzat Urakova and Guldana Salimjan. And the topic of Internet-aitys and online-aitys is found only in the article of Bekarys Nurimanov and Zhuldyzay Kishkenbayeva. Therefore, this topic needs to be studied within the framework of internet folklore, which means that it needs to be studied under netlore theory. This article analyzes the history of Kazakh aitys and current issues within the framework of four sub-themes: “About the history of the aitys genre”, “contemporary aitys art”, “internet aitys and its topics” and “the development process of online aitys”. As a basis of the research there were sampled the first online-aitys organized by the information portal “Abai.kz” in 2010, the “Aitys Online” project organized in 2019, and the online-aitys during the pandemic. The texts of the above-mentioned aitys were analyzed within the framework of the theory of netlore, and the differences between traditional and online aitys were compared. Their impact on the Kazakh society and the work of poets were considered. Although the place of the aitys has changed, it was found that the nature of the aitys and the cultural value of the past have not lost their meaning during the poets’ aitys competition. From this point of view, it has been proven that the freedom of Internet-aitys and its uniqueness prevails in telling the truth to the public. In addition, the article discusses how the heritage of aitys lives in a society governed by digital media technologies, what is the peculiarity of aitys as a cultural heritage of society in providing a new experience to a person.

Search for Influence Factors in Lactobacilli with Probiotic Properties Isolated from Traditional Kazakh Foods.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolated from traditional Kazakh foods, focusing on the identification and characterisation of multifunctional proteins. The basis of the methodological approach in this scientific study is an empirical, experimental study of the factors of influence produced by lactobacilli, which were obtained from traditional Kazakh foods and have pronounced probiotic properties. In this scientific work, results were obtained indicating that the expressed factors of probiotic action can perform adhesive and signalling functions by analogy with homologous proteins of pathogenic and commensal/probiotic bacteria. This largely determines the usefulness of these factors for studying the mechanisms of their probiotic action. In addition, it was found that potential probiotic strains of lactobacilli, which were isolated from food products traditional for Kazakhstan, contain adhesion proteins to the components of the mammalian organism, namely human plasminogen and porcine mucin. It is going about ENO, GAPDH, and p66/DnaK, which, along with P40 and P75 muramidases, are classified as probiotic factors. They are also called multifunctional proteins and are designated as factors of probiotic action. The practical significance of the results obtained during the implementation of this study lies in the possibility of their application in the planning and implementation of activities in the field of ensuring food security in Kazakhstan.

TRADITIONAL PRAGMATICS OF THE KAZAKH WORD IN THE SPEECH OF А. BAITURSYNULY

It is known that many linguistic and non-linguistic factors influence the development and change of a language. Since the Kazakh language was not influenced by another language until the beginning of the XX century, the language of that period makes it possible to determine traditional speech skills. Therefore, the authors aim in their research work to determine the pragmatics of the traditional Kazakh word from the article by A. Baitursynuly, published in the early twentieth century. In many works in this field of linguistics, they are considered only from the point of view of language norms, stylistic applications, types of styles, which does not allow demonstrating the skills of the Kazakh language in the systematic presentation of words, satisfactory speech. Therefore, the definition and demonstration of the norms of word formation, taking into account the specifics of the Kazakh national speech, is one of the topical issues. In the research work, the authors focus on effective ways of transmitting the Kazakh word to the listener, outline their features, subtleties. For this purpose, the article by A. Baitursynuly «The Offense of the Kazakh people», published in 1911, and its impact on the reader, the structure of the text, internal, external communication, and the sequence of presentation are considered. As a result, it was found that the Kazakh word is used appropriately, has a beginning, middle, conclusion, the whole structure is an integral logical, grammatical structure, as brief as possible, understandable. The scientific significance of the article is the influence on increasing the level of word formation of the Kazakh language, the development of the sphere of word culture, stylistics, practical significance can serve as an auxiliary tool for listeners, for language learners, for those who want to learn to speak the Kazakh language purely, correctly, as an application in the field of language culture, stylistics.

Exploring Four Atraphaxis Species: Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities.

Atraphaxis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, with approximately 60 species. Species of Atraphaxis are much-branched woody plants, forming shrubs or shrubby tufts, primarily inhabiting arid zones across the temperate steppe and desert regions of Central Asia, America, and Australia. Atraphaxis species have been used by diverse groups of people all over the world for the treatment of various diseases. However, their biologically active compounds with therapeutic properties have not been investigated well. Studying the biologically active components of Atraphaxis laetevirens, Atraphaxis frutescens, Atraphaxis spinosa L., and Atraphaxis pyrifolia is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it can unveil the therapeutic potential of these plants, aiding in the development of novel medicines or natural remedies for various health conditions. Understanding their bioactive compounds enables scientists to explore their pharmacological properties, potentially leading to the discovery of new drugs or treatments. Additionally, investigating these components contributes to preserving traditional knowledge and validating the historical uses of these plants in ethnomedicine, thus supporting their conservation and sustainable utilization. These herbs have been used as an anti-inflammatory and hypertension remedies since the dawn of time. Moreover, they have been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and problems related to skin in traditional Kazakh medicine. Hence, the genus Atraphaxis can be considered as a potential medicinal plant source that is very rich in biologically active compounds that may exhibit great pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiulcer, hypoglycemic, wound healing, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and so on. This study aims to provide a collection of publications on the species of Atraphaxis, along with a critical review of the literature data. This review will constitute support for further investigations on the pharmacological activity of these medicinal plant species.

Cultural Harmony in Education: A Comparative Study of Traditional and Modern Music Teaching Methods in Kazakhstan

This paper presents a comparative study of traditional and modern methods of music teaching in Kazakhstan, exploring how these approaches coexist and complement each other in the current educational landscape. It examines the integration of Kazakhstan's rich musical heritage with contemporary educational techniques, highlighting the balance between preserving cultural identity and embracing global music trends. The study involves a literature review and case studies from various educational institutions across Kazakhstan. It discusses the impact of such integration on students' musical skills, cultural awareness, and creative development. The paper also addresses the challenges and opportunities in harmonizing traditional Kazakh music with modern pedagogical practices. The findings reveal the importance of a diversified approach to music education, which not only fosters a deeper appreciation of Kazakh cultural heritage but also equips students with a broad range of musical competencies.

Audience of traditional art in Kazakh steppe

This article considers the evolution of the stage art audience formation in the traditional society of the Kazakh steppe civilization, linking it to the ancient historical, cultural, and ritual processes of our people, as well as to the very origin of the earliest form of stage art. We regard the future improvement of the artistic culture of today's spectator on the assumption that cultural and spiritual continuity between different generations of spectators of the Kazakh steppe will not be broken. Consequently, it becomes obvious that this position is a trend characteristic of the world history of art. For example, folk art activities in other countries are based on the traditional entertainment of the gathered audience. In general, the origin of art is closely intertwined with folk art. They are inextricably related and cannot develop without each other. This phenomenon is confirmed by numerous facts from the history of world theater. There is every reason to come to a scientific conclusion that this position is applicable to the formation of artistic public. We can say that various kinds of entertaining folk games and festive performances, originating in real scenes of nomadic life of the Kazakh people, developed on the basis of national customs and were the initial stage of formation of spectators and listeners of arts and crafts of the traditional Kazakh civilization. Examining the rich cultural history of the steppe, we believe that the study of the audience of the performing arts in the traditional Kazakh society is of great scientific theoretical and practical importance. This issue is still in the category of topics not considered in the framework of scientific research of the national culture philosophy. It is known from history that centuries-old cultural heritage of the steppe region and Kazakh people has a diverse and rich content, along with its own unique style. It is culture that plays a huge role in the vitality of any nation. If we consider the identification of a nation through the prism of its contribution to the development of mankind, then national art is just that distinctive feature that helps defining the nation. Thus, the spiritual contribution of the Kazakh people to world culture is determined, first of all, by its national art.

THE ROLE OF THE DOG IN THE TRADITIONAL KAZAKH SOCIETY IN THE WORKS OF FOREIGN RESEARCHERS (SECOND HALF OF THE XIX AND EARLY XX CENTURIES)

The article analyzes the works of researchers providing information about superstitions and prohi-bitions related to the dog, deep roots of hunting with eagle and greyhound which have not lost their importance in the life, farming and cultural life of the Kazakh people from the ethnographic history of the Kazakh steppe in the second half of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries that continue to this day. The purpose and task of the research – is to study in the course of a historiographic analysis of the works of researchers that the dog, which as the first domesticated animal played an important role in the life of different nations – also in Kazakh society, as a protector of livestock, guard, in the hunting system – as a source of income and food, from a religious and mythological point of view – as a protec-tor from evil. In the research work, the concept of “dog” is common to Turkic peoples, but there were a number of differences according to the peculiarities of the cultural and economic life of the nomadic Kazakh society, in particular, two types of dogs are common among Kazakhs, that is, “tobet” (dog) which protects livestock in nomadic life, and “tazy” (greyhound) which used in hunting were considered based on the works of A. Bram, A. Scherbak, A. Dobrosmyslov, Ya. Polferov, I. Ibrahimov, M. Masson. As well as, superstitions and rituals related to dogs in the worldview of Kazakhs were studied in the works of A. Divaev, A. Budagov, R. Karutz, S. Abramzon. Conclusion. Analyzing the works of researchers who provided information about the Kazakh dog, it was determined that dog played a significant role in the cultural, historical and economic life of the traditional Kazakh society and there were two types that were widespread in the Kazakh steppe.

A biy’s court and a council of elders as a historical prerequisite for mediation in Kazakhstan

In Kazakh history, there was a tradition of solving various conflicts in society with the help of the biys and a council of elders. These types of government institutions were the most accessible to the people. Their activities were based on the ideology of justice, humanity, and its ultimate goal was to reconcile the disputing parties and lead them to peace. It was every biy’s and elder’s sacred duty to show full justice to the disputing parties during the settlement of the case. "The ideal of conflict is peace" was found to be one of the main principles underlying the court of biys in nomadic Kazakh society. This, in turn, is one of the main tasks of mediation in modern Kazakhstan. The article attempts to identify the historical continuity of modern mediation and two traditional institutions (the court of biys and the council of elders) with peacemaking and reconciliation activities. A review of the writings of various scholars and historical archive materials was made to determine the court of biys and the activities of biys aimed at peacemaking and reconciliation. The specifics of the activities of the сcouncil of еlders, which is one of the oldest institutions in the traditional Kazakh society, were also identified. The principal avenues for the revitalisation and modernisation of traditional institutions in the context of the Republic of Kazakhstan's current developmental trajectory have been identified.

ҰЛТТЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРДІ ЕСКЕРЕ ОТЫРЫП ЕУРОПАЛЫҚ ҰҒЫМДАРДЫ ОҚЫТУ ӘДІСТЕМЕСІ

The article cites examples of the issued related to the communicative competence formation.These issues have been effectively examined through various research methods, including logical and comparative analysis, formal interviews, and informal conversations. These approaches allow for a comparison of the characteristics of both countries, incorporating the views and experiences of the students themselves. Through a functional methodological approach, the purpose and objectives of the article have been determined. This enabled to fully reveal all aspects of the issue under review. Also, a systematic methodological approach formed the basis of the direct workflow. At the same time, the methods of forming communicative competence were examined. The core concepts associated with the research problem were thoroughly examined using an analytical approach. The comparison method is integral to this study, as the article highlights examples of communicative competence, clarifies European terms, and presents methods for understanding them while taking into account Kazakh national beliefs and values. A survey was conducted among students, and a methodological conclusion was drawn based on the findings. The article emphasizes the importance of the issues discussed, noting that each nation has its own distinct characteristics. In light of ongoing efforts to revive traditional Kazakh customs and practices, the topics covered in this article are particularly relevant.

ОБРАЗ ВРЕМЕНИ И ПРОСТРАНСТВА В ТЮРКСКОМ ТРАДИЦИОННОМ ДЕКОРАТИВНОМ ИСКУССТВЕ

The world culture knows various systems of time calculation, and one of the most complex is the 12-year animal cycle (the Tengrian calendar), which has allowed to order the nomad’s existence, to form a globally important ability to live in a single rhythm with time and space. This calendar, like all other ethnocultural calendars, is not only a “time-measuring device”, but a much wider and more extensive cultural phenomenon. This article reveals the problems of time and space reflection in Turkic arts and crafts, or rather in ornaments. The thesis that the spatio-temporal picture in art is represented exclusively in a symbolic context is already undeniable. This context can be expressed in a variety of images: geometric, zoomorphic, plant and even anthropomorphic. The article focuses on the comprehension of animal images of the Tengrian calendar and their reflection in the Kazakh ornamental system. At the same time, the author is far from thinking that all samples of traditional arts and crafts reflect the folk calendar, but it is difficult to ignore some of its echoes. Thus, the article clarifies the traditional Kazakh names of the years of the Tengrian calendar, and also presents some aspects of comprehension of animal images in the ornamental system.

A biy’s court and a council of elders as a historical prerequisite for mediation in Kazakhstan

In Kazakh history, there was a tradition of solving various conflicts in society with the help of the biys and a council of elders. These types of government institutions were the most accessible to the people. Their activities were based on the ideology of justice, humanity, and its ultimate goal was to reconcile the disputing parties and lead them to peace. It was every biy’s and elder’s sacred duty to show full justice to the disputing parties during the settlement of the case. "The ideal of conflict is peace" was found to be one of the main principles underlying the court of biys in nomadic Kazakh society. This, in turn, is one of the main tasks of mediation in modern Kazakhstan. The article attempts to identify the historical continuity of modern mediation and two traditional institutions (the court of biys and the council of elders) with peacemaking and reconciliation activities. A review of the writings of various scholars and historical archive materials was made to determine the court of biys and the activities of biys aimed at peacemaking and reconciliation. The specifics of the activities of the сcouncil of еlders, which is one of the oldest institutions in the traditional Kazakh society, were also identified. The principal avenues for the revitalisation and modernisation of traditional institutions in the context of the Republic of Kazakhstan's current developmental trajectory have been identified.

Ethnic History and Settlement of the Sunacks on the Territory of Kazakhstan

Of particular importance when considering questions of the origin of the history of an ethnic group is the study of some ethnic, ethnographic, and other groups. In particular, these groups are a consequence of the territorial division of part of the ethnic group, the incompleteness of the process of assimilation of some other population or part of it, the remnants of a previously existing tribal division, as well as the presence of a special ethnosocial or ethnoconfessional status (subethnic group) of a certain part of the population. This article examines the ethnogenesis and main regions where the Sunaks are located as a subethnic group that is not included in the tribal and clan system of traditional Kazakh society. Ethnographic studies show that such ethnic groups consisted of different clans, tribes, and even peoples, but in language, culture, economic, and cultural type they were very close to the Kazakh ethnic group. The Sunaks, as representatives of a subethnic group, inhabit the territory of modern southern Kazakhstan. The settlement area of the Sunaks was a clearly concentrated space - the middle stream of the Syr Darya. In addition, the Sunaks did not lead a nomadic lifestyle, like representatives of other tribal formations that inhabited the southern part of Kazakhstan.

ДӘСТҮРЛІ ҚАЗАҚ ДҮНИЕТАНЫМЫН ЗЕРТТЕУДІҢ ЭВОЛЮЦИЯСЫ

Қазақстан Республикасы егемендігін алғаннан кейін ұлттық сана мәселесі қазақ философиясында өзектене түсті. Осы орайда, қоғамдық сананың дамуында бұрын соңды болмаған отандық тарихқа және ұлтымыздың мәдениетіне, ұлттық мәдени-рухани болмысымызға, саяси-құқықтық көзқарастарға, жанұя мен күнделікті тұрмыс ерекшеліктеріне байланысты дәстүрлі құндылықтарға деген сұраныстар мен ізденістер күрт өсе бастағандығын қарастырады. Сонымен қатар, берілген мақалада бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары, әсіресе баспасөз, газет пен журналдар егемендік-тің алғашқы жылдарында өте жоғары белсенділікте болып, ұлттық интеллигенцияның негізгі трибунасына айналды. Осы кезде журналдар өте аз, дегенмен сол кездегі қоғамның ең өзекті мәселелерін жарыққа шығарып, оны талдауда орасан зор еңбектер жасады. Осы орайда мақаланың негізгі мәселесі қазақ философиясының іргетасы болып табылатын дәстүрлі қазақ дүниетанымын зерттеудің қалыптасуының тарихи астарларын айқындау. Сонымен қатар, егемендік алғаннан кейін көптеген отандық ғалымдардың еңбектерінде ұлттық философияның дүниетанымдық ерекшеліктері жан-жақты зерттелді.

Kazakh Traditional Speech Culture (Based on the Film Kyz Zhibek

The Kazakh language has undergone changes under the influence of various internal and external factors and has lost its traditional norm. Therefore, it is important to study what is the traditional norm and culture of speech in the Kazakh language. In this article, the author defines the characteristic features of speech for the Kazakhs through the diction of the characters in the film «Kyz Zhibek». The aim of the article is to find answers to the questions of what was the traditional culture of speech of the Kazakhs, what is the expression of national identity in the language and how it affects the traditional speech culture. The main direction of the article is the problems of language culture in the system of linguistics. The main idea of the scientific work is to determine what was the culture of speech in the traditional Kazakh society, to prove by examples that through the speech the character of the nation can change. The scientific significance of the article lies in the fact that, the impact on raising the level of word formation in the Kazakh language, the development of language culture, stylistics, the practical significance is to show the differentiation of the traditional culture of speech of the Kazakhs, the subordination of the traditional language laws and the definition of the preconditions for proper speech. When writing the article, the methods of scientific analysis, linguostylistic analysis, generalization, comparison and reasoning were used. The material for the study was the film «Kyz Zhibek» filmed by S. Kozhikov in 1972 based on the script by G. Musrepov. The author notes that the main results and the analysis of the article changes everything that is said in the modern Kazakh language: the structure of speech, the way words are pronounced and the sounding, in a society which understands that it is only a question of observing grammatical norms of speech, the risk of losing the specificity of the national language arises. Determines that in the conclusion there is an opportunity to influence the character, the cognition of the person through the speech, the intonation of the speech characteristic of our nation. If language loses its nature, he concludes that language will lead to the change of the nation, the destruction of the national character and finally the destruction of the nation. The value of the article lies in defining the traditional grammatical, ethical and communicative norms of the Kazakh language.

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF TRAINING METHODS OF PHYSICAL THEATER STUDENTS’ BY MEANS OF PLASTIC ART

Abstract. The relevance of the study is the interdisciplinary aspects of theater students’ psychophysiological training. The problem of the research is the differences in the approaches to education and students’ psychophysiological training of physical and stage schools. The object of the research is educational aspects in the educational process, based on interdisciplinary research in the areas of psychophysiology, ethnopedagogy, traditional Kazakh values, synthesis of physical and stage schools, education, and art internationalization. The subject of the research is physical theater students’ psychophysiological sports training using performing arts. The purpose of the study is to determine the educational aspects of physical theater students’ psycho-physiological training by means of performing arts. The task of the study is to reveal the theoretical and methodological basis to create a methodic for the students’ psychophysiological training by means of performing arts. The research hypothesis is that when defining the goals and objectives of students’ psychophysiological training of physical and stage schools, it is possible to identify educational aspects for teaching profile disciplines methodic by means of performing arts. The methodological basis is based on the interdisciplinary study of researchers’ works in psychophysiology, students’ physical training, ethnopedagogy, traditional Kazakh values, performing arts, education, and art internationalization. Research methods: review-theoretical, psychophysiological, historical-culturological, art criticism, methodical-pedagogical analysis. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the scientific and theoretical justification of educational aspects of students’ psychophysiological training through the synthesis of physical and stage schools. The practical significance of the study is guided by using performing arts, tools of ethnopedagogy, and traditional Kazakh values, broadcast by performing arts. The results of the study made it possible to reveal the educational aspects of students’ psychophysiological training methodology by means of performing arts.

The Problem of Gothic in the Storytelling of Madina Omarova

This article examines the problem of the Gothic in contemporary storytelling of the writer Madina Omarova. Let's imagine that the Gothic style characteristic of Western literature, reflected in the Kazakh prose with an original Kazakh coloring and in the context of synthesis, are analyzed and presented as an ongoing study, building on previous research. To reveal the topic, we use the methodology of modern Kazakh literary studies aimed at studying the author and the methodology of studying mythological-critical hermeneutics, the literary process in the national and international framework. We studied and used the theoretical justification of this problem in the works of Kazakh, Russian, and English literary critics. The initiative of this question was analyzed in the Kazakh literary studies in the article «Gothic expressions in modern Kazakh prose» by Adil Zhakulaev. This was followed by some discussions and work on a project studied on the basis of a grant. Nevertheless, according to the stories of the writer Madina Omarova, we consider it necessary to study the Neo-Gothic style and its artistic activity. Mystical directions, branches of psychologism in traditional Kazakh stories began to be studied in a new way. Therefore, the identification of the Gothic style, its artistic manner through the stories of the writer Madina Omarova becomes the task of the article. This is due to the fact that in Kazakh society the foundations of otherworldly power, negative illusions, mysterious destinies that give the genre character of the gothic are mystically familiar from oral literature. But the embodiment in this gothic style of the struggle between the heroes of the new time reflects the ability of the writer and the new direction in Kazakh literature. From the stories of the writer M. Omarova analyzes the artistic evolution of the gothic genre. The poetic nature is analyzed, the aspiration for the location is expressed. The work on revealing the passive and active element of the gothic in the artistic aspect of the Kazakh narrative is carried out. The process of intertwining elements of gothic and science fiction in the modern Kazakh storytelling is considered.

Своеобразие казахской философии

В статье раскрыты сущность и особенности казахской философии. Казахская философия имеет общие проблемы с греческой, индийской, китайской и русской философией и, с этой точки зрения, находится во взаимосвязи с мировой философией. В то же время казахская философия имеет свою специфику и отличительные черты. Она своеобразна затронутой проблематикой в ней, специфическими формами выражения мысли, с собственным стилем мышления и нет необходимости постоянно оглядываться на развитую западную философию. Учиться у других надо, но не следует подражать или заимствовать их стиль мышления. Предназначение философии — быть понятной для каждого человека, повлиять на него, учить и изменять его в лучшую сторону. Такой была восточная философия и такой является философия казахов. Особенности мировоззрения казахского народа связаны с кочевой цивилизацией и культурой, с развитием вербальных форм культуры, а следовательно, с отсутствием письменных источников. Авторы статьи акцентируют внимание на том, что традиционная казахская философия, берущая начало с акынов-жырау и нашедшая свое продолжение в философии Абая и Шакарима, является не профессиональной, научной философией, но философией мудрости, понимания и воспитания, переплетающейся с повседневной жизнью человека, религией, искусством, литературой. В творчестве казахских мыслителей всегда доминировали проблемы добра и зла, чести и достоинства человека. Авторы статьи называют казахскую философию практической философией, опираясь на И. Канта.

Genetic structure and genome-wide association study of the traditional Kazakh horses.

Horses are traditionally used in Kazakhstan as a source of food and as working and saddle animals as well. Here, for the first time, microarray-based medium-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of six traditionally defined types and breeds of indigenous Kazakh horses was conducted to reveal their genetic structure and find markers associated with animal size and weight. The results showed that the predefined separation between breeds and sampled populations was not supported by the molecular data. The lack of genetic variation between breeds and populations was revealed by the principal component analysis, ADMIXTURE, and distance-based analyses, as well as the general population parameters expected and observed heterozygosity (He and Ho) and between-group fixation index (Fst). The analysis revealed that the studied types and breeds should be considered as a single breed, namely the 'Kazakh horse'. The comparison with previously published data on global horse breed diversity revealed the relatively high level of individual diversity of Kazakh horses in comparison with the well-known foreign breeds. The Mongolian and Tuva breeds were identified as the closest horse landraces, demonstrating similar patterns of internal variability. The genome-wide association analysis was performed for animal size and weight as the traits directly related with the meat productivity of horses. The analysis identified a set of 60 SNPs linked with horse genes involved in the regulation of processes of development of connective tissues and the bone system, neural system, immune system regulation, and other processes. The present study is novel and introduces Kazakh horses as a promising genetic source for horse breeding and selection both on the domestic and international levels.