Traditional Grammar Research Articles

TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR IN THE ERA OF INDEPENDENT LEARNING

Grammar is a very important reference in the language learning process, but it is also an obstacle and a challenge for the teacher. This study aims at knowing the use and relevance of Traditional Grammar in the era of independent learning. This study made use of library research to collect the required data. The results of the study showed that Traditional Grammar is still relevant to be used in language learning in this era of independent learning, of course by providing modifications in its application. This study reveals the importance of Traditional Grammar in the era of independent learning.

An infinitive by any other name: On the non-finites in Hungarian, Finnish and Estonian grammars

Abstract Non-finite verb forms, in-between verbs and nouns and also in-between inflection and derivation, pose challenges to grammar writing. In the largely Latin-based European grammar traditions, three or four main types of non-finites are often distinguished: infinitives, participles, verbal adverbs (gerunds, converbs), and – often most closely connected to the participles but classified as derivation rather than inflection – deverbal noun derivatives. Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, the three Uralic state languages with a strong tradition of written cultivation, are situated at the western end of the language family and display a strong “Europeanization” also in their systems of non-finites. Yet, these systems differ greatly even from each other. In this paper, the classification and nomenclature of non-finites in Hungarian grammars are compared with Finnish and Estonian. The Finnish grammar tradition is based on morphological substance but, failing to acknowledge the category of converbs, ends up exploiting the term “infinitive” in a way which is syntactically and semantically meaningless. The Estonian grammars vacillate between an opportunistic use of traditional European grammar terms and a simple listing of forms at a minimal level of abstraction. Hungarian grammars, in turn, present the non-finites in a way which is incompatible with other grammar traditions and is internally contradictory.

A Diachronic Hypothesis about Imperfective unnu in Malayalam

Across languages, the imperfective is associated with three distinct readings－“event in progress”, “habitual or generic” and “continuous” with stative predicates. In Malayalam, the suffix unnu had been identified as the imperfective suffix in linguistic literature. However, it has been noted in subsequent studies that the “generic or habitual” reading with unnu is distinctly different from a typical generic reading and that such ‘typical generic’ readings are obtained by the modal um in Malayalam. This has also led to the claim that unnu is not an imperfective marker, but an iterative pluractional bundled with progressive aspect. This paper attempts to deal with this puzzle differently, arguing that unnu is a progressive marker in the process of becoming an imperfective in Malayalam. A description of the properties of unnu-sentences, contrasting them with sentences that use the progressive marker uka and sentences that use the modal/generic marker um, is attempted. The paper also explores the role of uND(ə), the existential copula, in obtaining habitual and episodic readings with unnu. This alternative account for unnu is shown to be supported by opinions of traditional grammarians in history as well as theories of grammaticalization in diachronic semantics. It is also hypothesized that this process is blocked or halted in Malayalam by a suffix devoted to generic constructions and previously unexplored in the literature.

최현배의 ‘바꿈’, 계승과 변화

In the Korean traditional grammar, the initial study on the bakkum(change) of words(gi, ssi) focused on change of part-of-speech introduced for functional purposes to construct the correct sentence. A representative example is gimom-bakkum by Ju Sigyeong (1910). Then in Gim Dubong (1916), which described tteut-bakkum(change of meaning) and mom-bakkum(change of part-of-speech) in a balanced manner, the search for change of meaning began in earnest, and as a result, the use of bakkum was expanded to a wider area. A series of studies from Choe Hyeonbae (1930, 1934, 1936) to Choe Hyeonbae (1937) show that bakkum has entered another stage. While actively discussing change of shape centered on ssikkeut-bakkum(change of ending) and kkol-bakkum(change of shape), the concept of bakkum were expanded to another area different from the existing change of part-of-speech and change of meaning. In the process, the role of ssigaji, which leads ssikkeut-bakkum, was greatly emphasized and interest in the word composition began, and contents directly related to word formation theory appeared in the literature through jjahim of ssi. This article discusses the succession and change aspects surrounding bakkum from Ju Sigyeong (1910) and Gim Dubong (1916) to Choe Hyeonbae (1937).

Is it only about only? A Study on Focus Particle Placement Acceptability in L2 English Learners and English Monolinguals

The placement of adverbs has been widely studied over the last few decades, both in first (L1) and second language (L2) acquisition. While traditional grammars teach that the preferred order in English is (S)ubject, (A)dverb, and (V)erb, adverbs which introduce focus receive less attention. Focus particles take scope over the constituents they precede, making their placement and interpretation in a sentence variable. In this study I investigate the acceptability of Focus particle (only, even, also) placement when used as adverbs in 96 participants: 48 Italian L2 English learners and 48 English monolinguals.

Jimmy Van Rijt: UNDERSTANDING GRAMMAR THE IMPACT OF LINGUISTIC METACONCEPTS ON L1 GRAMMAR EDUCATION

This book takes as its starting point the contested issue of explicit grammar teaching, providing a contextual framing for the book’s focus on learners’ development of conceptual understanding of linguistic terms. A thorough and critical synthesis of the ‘grammar debate’ is provided, drawing on perspectives from both L1 and L2, and from across different educational jurisdictions. This synthesis discusses the historical shift in L1 teaching, especially in Anglophone countries, from a routine acceptance that explicit grammar teaching is a core component of the first language curriculum to one which rejected grammar on the grounds of its irrelevance to the process of language learning. This shift is paralleled, to an extent, in second language teaching, with the move away from grammar-translation approaches to communicative language teaching, where language learners acquire grammatical competence through using the language in communicative contexts, rather than through explicit teaching. Van Rijt observes that this rejection of explicit grammar teaching is predicated on assumptions that grammar should only be taught if it serves the purpose of becoming more literate or linguistically competent, an instrumentalist view, and compares this with a cultural perspective, where learning grammatical knowledge is valuable in its own right. This opening discussion does not shy away from the complexities of this topic, considering, for example, the distinction between form-focused and function-focused teaching, the different linguistic theorists which inform different perspectives, and the ideologically normative views of policy-makers in some countries. He teases out the ambiguity in the notion of ‘traditional grammar teaching’, noting the difference between what might represent traditional teaching or traditional grammar, and arguing that ‘traditional teaching’ concerns itself principally with how grammar is taught, whereas ‘traditional grammar’ concerns itself with what type of grammar is taught.

Reflection of the traditional grammar on the the third circle

This research is an attempt to analyze and show the perceptions of the traditional grammar, to identify the traditional grammar and clarify its principles and perceptions. The beginning of the realization of linguistic thought has existed through time in some forms, but it did not appear as an independent field of studying, as the traditional grammar held some conceptions with some methods, was used to analyze linguistic rules and was of great benefit to linguistics. After linguistics came to be known as an independent field of study, many shortcomings and flaws were emerged, and the traditional grammar received a lot of criticisms, which caused the emergence of many schools, theories and linguistic perceptions. But that does not mean that the attempts of the ancient linguists should not be taken into consideration or underestimating their efforts, especially in terms of grammar structure and linguistic rules, as they have taken giant strides and their attempts have become the basis and foundation for the research of linguists.

Adjectives in Arabic

The main aim of this paper is to describe the main adjectival constructions in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It contributes a new analysis of an adjectival construction in MSA that was analysed in traditional grammar as a special postnominal adjectival construction, called the unreal adjectival construction. We argue that it is an example of prenominal adjectival constructions in MSA. We also provide a new analysis of the prenominal construction, suggesting that the adjective modifies the following noun, and this noun is the subject of the adjective. Moreover, we provide an analysis of predicate adjectives in MSA, whether with or without a copula, arguing that the single-tier analysis in Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is the appropriate analysis for predicate adjectival constructions in MSA. Additionally, this paper shows the similarities and differences between adjectival words and participial words, which are both used as modifiers in MSA.

Enhancement of English Speaking Skills Through Role Play Technique

This study aims to investigate about how students’ English speaking skills can be enhanced through the employment of role play technique. The sample population of the study was taken from the grade XI students of Bagiswori Secondary School. The experimental group was taught through role play technique while the control class was taught through the traditional grammar based techniques. The total population of this study was 30 students who were enrolled in the academic year 2020/2021. It was experimental study. The tools applied in this research were observation sheet and speaking test. After 15 lessons of the teaching, the post-test of speaking was conducted in which the students in both groups were asked to answer. The results revealed that the experimental group’s motivation has been enhanced and has improved English speaking skill significantly.

Female Language in Poet Uma Maheshwari’s Poems

In this article, we can learn about the female language style in the poems of poet Uma Maheshwari. The thought of style cannot go beyond grammar, and it is felt that knowledge of style is necessary to belied and absorb modern poetry. The poet, who was so high as to receive the Katha award for the poems written and preserved in the note, could identify the life forms and quest for knowledge he had encountered. His life and reading also understood how the content of poetry and techniques changed. The poet's poems show what is the need for the elements of the exposition to bring down his consciousness in the word poem, and how the reading of poetry unfolds by identifying them. The existence of the word in poetry and how poets exert creativity on that word can be understood. It is felt that in modern poetry too, tradition is interwoven, belie the claim that our traditional grammar has weakened since the development of linguistics. At the same time, it was possible to review the society in the word and the patriarchy hidden in it with modern thinking. Uma Maheshwari's poems also show how female consciousness can be constructed with female central words in such words.

Case in Kurdish dialects – south of Kurdistan

Case in an original linguistic Case is an original linguistic phenomenon of many languages. It is a system whereby the form of word appearance or word order is changed in a sentence. Case exists in many languages, languages exhibit different types of cases. Case, in traditional grammar, has been used with the intent to define nouns. The significance of case lies in morphological markers. This phenomenon, case, is reflected in some Kurdish dialects. The current study is entitled “Case in Kurdish Dialects, Southern Kurdistan as an example”. The aim of the study is to present gender and grammatical cases in the geographical division of Kurdish dialects in order to draw the map of Kurdish dialects’ cases. The importance of the study is that it highlights the types of cases in Kurdish dialects. Reference: یەکەم- نامەى ئەکادیمییەکان - ئیبراهیم,شیلان رەحیم(2004),شێوازى قسەکردنى ژن لەزمانى کوردیدا,نامەى ماستەر,کۆلێژى زمان, زانکۆى سلێمانى. - ئەحمەد,مزگین عبدالرحمان(2006),دۆخى ئێرگەتیڤى لەزمانى کوردیدا(کرمانجى سەرو),نامەى ماستەر,کۆلێژى پەروەردە بۆزانستە مرۆڤایەتییەکان,هەولێر:زانکۆى سەلاحەدین. - ئەحمەد,غازى فیصل(2015),دۆخى ڕێزمانى لەزمانى کوردیدا,نامەى ماستەر,کۆلێژى پەروەردە بۆ زانستە مرۆڤایەتییەکان,هەولێر:زانکۆى سەلاحەدین. - حاجى,ڤیان سلێمان(2009),کەرەسە بەتاڵەکان لەڕوانگى تیۆرى دەستەڵاات و بەستنەوە(شێوازى کرمانجى سەرو),هەولێر:بڵاوکراوەى ئەکادیمیاى کوردى. - خدر,حەیدەر حاجى(2010),تایبەتمەندییە مۆرفۆلۆژییەکانى زمانى کوردى لەڕوانگەى پۆلینى مۆرفۆلۆژیانەى زمانەکەوە,نامەى ماستەر,کۆلێژى زمان,زانکۆى سەلاحەدین. - سەعید,یوسف شەریف(1990),دۆخەکانى ژێرەوە لاى فیلمۆر و هەندێ لایەنى ڕستەسازى کوردى,نامەى ماستەر,کۆلێژى ئاداب,زانکۆى سەلاحەدین. - مەعروف,عبدالجبار مستەفا(2009),دروستەى ڕستەى ئاڵۆز لەزمانى کوردیدا,نامەى دکتۆرا,کۆلیژى زمان,زانکۆى سلێمانى. دووەم: کتێب 1- بەزمانى کوردى - ئەمین,وریا عومەر(2004),چەندئاسۆیەکى ترى زمانەوانى,بەرگى یەکەم,هەولێر:دەزگاى ئاراس. - تۆفیق,قەیس کاکل(2020),زمان و ئاین,بەشى یەکەم,دهۆک :چاپخانەى ماد. - خۆشناو,نەریمان عبدالله(2014 ),دیالێکت و زمان ,چاپى دووەم, زیادکراو و پوختکراو,هەولێر:چاپخانەى هێڤى. - عەلى,طالب حسین(2014),زانستى زمان و زمانى کوردى,چاپى یەکەم,هەولێر:چاپخانەى ڕۆژهەڵات. - عوسمان , مەزن( ),هەندێ بەراورد و سەرنجى زمانەوانى, - قادر,صباح رشید(2009),هەندێ لایەنى ڕێزمانى دەستەڵات و بەستنەوە لەزمانى کوردیدا,هەولێر:چاپخانەى حاجى هاشم. - کۆڕى زانیارى, (1976), رێزمانى ئاخاوتنى کوردى, بەغدا:چاپخانەى کۆڕى زانیارى کورد. - مارف,ئاورەحمان حاجى(1979),مۆرفۆلۆژى ناو,بەشى یەکەم, بەغدا: کۆڕى زانیارى عێراق دەستەى کورد. - مەحوى,موحەمەد(2001),ڕستەسازى کوردى,چاپخانەى زانکۆى سلێمانى. - موحەمەد,حاتم ولیا(2009),پەیوەندییە ڕۆنانییەکانى نواندنە سینتاکسییەکان,چاپى یەکەم,دهۆک:چاپخانەى خانى. - مەحوى,موحەمەد(2011),بنەماکانى سینتاکسیی کوردى,بەرگى یەکەم,سلێمانى:چاپخانەى پەیوەند. - ناوخۆش,سەلام(2018),لەبارەى مۆرفۆلۆژى و سینتاکس و مۆرفۆسینتاکس,لێکۆڵینەوەیەکى شیکارییە بەکەرەسەى کوردى,,هەولێر:چاپخانەى شەهاب - هەورامى,موحەمەد ئەمین(1981),دیالێکتى زمانى کوردى لەتەرازوى بەراوردا,بەغدا:دەزگاى ڕۆشنبیرى و بڵاوکردنەوەى کورد. 2- بەزمانى عەرەبى - زکریا,میشال(1983),علم اللغة التحدیث ,المبادىء والأعلام,المؤسسة الجامعیە للدراسات والنشر والتوزیع,بیروت:لبنان. 3- بەزمانى ئینگلیزى - Anderson, J .M (1987).Case Grammar and the Local List Hypothesis, Concepts of Case, Tubingen. - Blake, Barry (1994).Case Cambridge, University Press. - Chomsky, Noam (1981).Lecture On Government and Binding, The Pisa Mouton Degrayter, New York. - Chomsky, Noam (1986). Knowledge of Language . Its Nature, Origin Use Pager, New York. - Crystal, David (1991). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics 3rd edition , Black Well Publisher, Ltd.Uk. - Culicover, Peter (1997).Principles And Parameters: An Introduction to Syntactic Theory, Oxford University. New York. - Crystal, David (1991). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics 6rd Edition, Black Well - Fillmore, Charles (1965). Indirect Object Constructions In English And The Ordering Transform Motions, Mouton. - Farokhpy (1998).Government And Biding Chomsky Language Theory, Tehran: Somkhan. - Grime, Scott (2005). The Lattice Of Case And Agentivity, MSc In Logic, University It Van Amsterdam. - O, Grady , William (2005). Archibald, Aronoff, Mand and Miller, Contemporary Linguistics 5th Edition .Usa: Bedford. - Trask , L (1993). A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms In Linguistics, Rout ledge, London And New York. 3- گۆڤار - ئەمین,وریا عومەر(2015),دۆخ و ئەرکى بەشەکانى ڕستە,گۆڤارى ئەکادیمى ,ژمارە 34,هەولێر. - تۆفیق,قەیس کاکل(2014),سێکسیزم لەزمانى کوردیدا,گۆڤارى توێژەر ژمارە(؟),زانکۆى سۆران.

Differential subject marking through SE

Abstract An outstanding question in current studies concerns the status of Romance SE that does not obviously mark reflexivity or anticausativity. This paper signals the presence of such constructions in Old and Modern Romanian, where SE occurs with unergative verbs and qualifies as pleonastic according to traditional grammars (i.e., it makes no difference for the truth conditions or for the argument structure). The main argument is that such constructions are actually instances of differential subject marking (DSM) in Romanian, and that the semantic triggers and the underlying configuration resemble those that occur with differential object marking (DOM) in this language. In terms of theoretical contribution, this analysis (i) widens the cross-linguistic inventory of DSM patterns, by adding Clitic Doubling; (ii) confirms the predictions of recent studies that there could be similarity rather than opposition between DOM and DSM contexts; (iii) shows the possibility of re-allocating the reflexive pronoun SE to other configurations besides (an instance of) verb reflexivization.

The Ancient Greek Nominal Group, with Attention to the Greek New Testament

Together with Latin, Ancient Greek has had a strong influence on grammatical theories and descriptions. This is reflected in traditional descriptions of the Ancient Greek nominal group (i.e., noun phrase), which are heavily syntagmatic and dependent on conventional parts-of-speech. In this paper, we explore the nominal group from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. This allows for a more overtly paradigmatic description, yet one that is nevertheless still grounded in the syntagmatic patterns observed by traditional Greek grammar. We begin by discussing some systems expressed by inflectional morphology, namely gender and number. We then present systems realized through the insertion of what we call “substantive” nominal group functions, namely speech role, naming, description, differentiation, distribution, association, and reiteration. The functions that realize these systems can each serve as the syntagmatic head of an Ancient Greek nominal group, but where more than one of them is realized, the most substantive one will serve as head. By contrast, the specification system is realized by a grammatical marker with left-to-right scope. To conclude the paper, we briefly discuss linear ordering in Ancient Greek nominal groups and some functional explanations of their many possible orderings.

George Shevelov’s study The Simple Sentence and it’s intricate story

In 1941, George Y. Shevelov prepared a chapter on the syntax of clauses in the Ukrainian language for a textbook published, however, ten years later. During World War II, Shevelov fled westward, and in the late 1940s, his intent to print the paper on the clause syntax in German translation failed. Shevelov’s book Narys suchasnoї ukraїnsʹkoї literaturnoї movy, which appeared in Munich in 1951, contained a section on syntax based on his study of clause structure. The same year the volume Kurs suchasnoї ukraїnsʹkoї literaturnoї movy. Syntaksys edited by Bulakhovsʹkyi came out in Kyiv. It starts with Shevelov’s chapter on the clause, though without the author’s name. Hence in Ukraine, it was widely believed that the section on the Ukrainian clause structure belonged to Leonid Bulakhovsʹkyi. Having moved to the USA in 1952, Shevelov got an opportunity to have his syntax published by the Mouton & Co publishing house in English translation. However, rumors about the similar text issued earlier in Kyiv disturbed the publisher, and the printing of the Ukrainian clause syntax textbook was postponed again. The Syntax of Modern Literary Ukrainian. The Simple Sentence was finally released in 1963. This paper elucidates several episodes of the intricate story of Shevelov’s Simple Sentence via the first-hand citations of Shevelov’s correspondence obtained from Schooneveld’s, Borshchak’s, and Shevelov’s archives. An analysis of numerous reviews of all three editions sheds light on how the experts in the USSR, in the Ukrainian émigré circles, and in the American Slavic realm assessed Shevelov’s text. Resting upon the Russian and European grammar tradition, Shevelov’s syntax seemed vague to the American Slavicists. Nevertheless, startling is the author’s synthesis of the structural and logical approaches. Its final version provides valuable remarks of the author on the syntactic phenomena viewed through the developmental trend of the language system. Unfortunately, the book remains unknown to Ukrainian linguists. Keywords: syntax of the Ukrainian language, clause syntax, grammar tradition, structural approach

Sinteze de limba română / Synthesis of the Romanian Language

The study Synthesis of the Romanian Language capitalizes on recent theoretical findings on Romanian grammar and seeks to provide a parallel between traditional grammar and the modern theories expounded in the new Grammar of the Academy (GALR) and the Basic Grammar of the Romanian language (GBLR). Through this work, Silvia Stoian Krieb highlights the main differences in interpretation between the two types of description: the traditional and modern.

Vanler daiselis ena /ვანლერ დაისელის პოეზიის ენა [The Language of Vanler Daiseli’s Poetry

The article explores the linguistic features of Vanler Daiseli’s poetry and reveals linguistic specificities to the extent that the language of poetry, in general, differs from the language of other genres of literature, as well as from ordinary spoken language. The poet’s work is unknown to Georgian readers, just as no extensive research has been done on the literary group of the early 20th century called the “Somnambulebi”. The young Vanler Daiseli was one of the members of the group. In the course of the research, the descriptive method and the analysis and comparison method have been applied, and the bibliographical and theoretical examination has been performed. The peculiarities of Vanler Daiseli’s poetic language are formed from several characteristics. The language that is used often rejects traditional syntax, grammar, and punctuation. The peculiarity is manifested mainly in the order of words. The free syntax is used. Poetic language is strongly influenced by spoken language. The construction of images is an important feature of poetry: repetition, parallelism, metaphor, and so on. Rhetoric replaces syntax insofar as it is related to the rearrangement of words. The author uses the “foreground” as an aesthetic phenomenon of expressiveness of the language. Linguistic components are another feature of his poetry. The author tries to “modify grammar”. Grammar rules change in poetic language, and modified linguistic units are employed. The poet applies lexical, grammatical, and semantic deviations.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული პოეზია, პოეტური ენა, პოეტური სინტაქსი, ვანლერ დაისელი.Keywords: Georgian poetry, poetic language, poetic syntax, Vanler Daiseli.

Serial verbs in modern standard Arabic

This paper aims to discuss serial verb constructions in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It argues against the claim that this structure does not exist in MSA. We examined parallel structures in this paper: being verbs and what is called albadal ‘apposition’ in the traditional grammar of the Arabic language. This paper argues that the first structure should be analyzed as an auxiliary structure that contains two clauses, while the second structure should be analyzed as a serial verb structure as it denotes, among others, a complex situation, shares the same subject, and contains one clause. Finally, this paper provides a brief syntactic analysis for being verbs and serial verbs in MSA within the lexical functional grammar (LFG) framework, showing the differences between the two structures.

Arabic Lexical Phrases

The Arabic traditional grammar as well as Chomsky’s mainstream theory may not be able to provide a good analysis of some fixed Arabic phrases. The challenge of such data directly stems from the fact that the general syntactic rules assumed by the two opposing theories cannot explain the syntactic and the semantic aspects of the fixed Arabic data. I argue that the Construction Grammar provides an adequate account that does not rely on syntactic structure alone, as assumed by the mainstream theory or the Arabic traditional grammar, but rather it links phonological, syntactic, and semantic information together in one basic construction by means of some correspondence rules. The Arabic data proves that there is a strong need for a linguistic theory that takes into consideration all data of different range of productivity.

The problem with set-up conjunctive endings as ending classifications

This paper has dealt with whether the type classification of non-terminal endings should be consistent with the type classification of complex sentences focused on converb type endings. In Chapter 2, we dealt that conjunction and embedding are not essential concepts in relation to the classification of endings. There is no reason to set the conjunctive ending in terms of shape, traditional grammar, or prescription grammar. In Chapter 3, the criteria why complex sentences and non-terminal endings should be distinguished and classified was explained. Complex sentences and connective endings have different levels of classification and do not have correlation enough to apply the same classification criteria. In terms of semantic structure, it is not because of a single converb type ending that is identified as equivalent or conjunctive. Therefore, the criterion for subclassifying non-terminal endings is what qualifications lower preceding clauses have in terms of syntactic structure.

Modalization of Speech Actions as the Basis of the Metaphoric Transfer (on the Example of German Economic Discourse)

The question of the nature of speech modalization has been repeatedly considered in linguistics from various positions, which is partially reflected in the text of the article. The authors of the publication propose to look at the points of intersection of the process of metaphorization of statements within the framework of one type of discourse with the expression of the author's attitude to and/or assessment of its content. To substantiate the validity of this approach, the authors refer to the methodology of logical analysis of language, the theory of intersubjectivity and the theory of evaluativity, linking cognitive methods of analyzing the process of metaphorization with a broad understanding of the category of modality. This formulation of the problem fits into the modern scientific paradigm of interdisciplinarity and the actualization of interdisciplinary relations, which reflects the relevance of the proposed text. The scientific novelty of the topic is an attempt to determine the correlation of the category of modality in its axiological and ideological aspects with metaphorization as a means of actualizing evaluativity in economic discourse. Commonly, denoting phenomena, processes or results is not limited to their nomination, but the producer of the utterance gives them a modal assessment. The empirical material containing fragments of texts of the German-language mass media on economic topics reflects the validity of the proposed interpretation of the issue, shows the potential relationship of phenomena in the intersection of various connotative meanings of a cognitive metaphor, potentially serving to express the attitude to the proposition of an utterance at the level of intersubjective assessments that create a modal frame of the text. The given examples clearly demonstrate that cognitive metaphors in various forms of their implementation could serve to express ideological modality from the standpoint of intersubjectivity, since the producer of the text relies on the reflection of a fragment of reality in the communicative and cognitive activity of subjects of the national-cultural community of people. The article recognizes a certain ambiguity of the proposed interpretation of the category of modality, which is considered in the traditional grammar as an expression of possibility, ought and desirability, or as a confidence, doubt and assertion that the action is carried out at different time levels using phrases with modal verbs, modal words or adverbs, particles, etc. Thus, the article can be considered as an indirect invitation to a discussion on the issue.