Traditional Fashion Research Articles

Displays of Expertise: Constructing Authority in Men’s Fashion Advice Videos

Fashion and style are largely the products of discursive fields where individuals with varying degrees of power can dictate trends and “proper” manners of dressing. As with other fields, bloggers and influencers have increasingly challenged the traditional fashion media’s expertise. This paper seeks to explore how influencers who give male fashion advice construct and deploy their perceived expertise. To do so, this paper uses a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis to examine videos posted to TikTok and Instagram Reels by nine men’s fashion advice influencers. By comparing videos by multiple influencers, the paper recognizes the repeated signs and discourses which demonstrate expertise in fashion but also reproduce hegemonic discourses.

A Shared Economy Data Prediction Model Based on Deep Learning

In the dynamic and intricate shared economy, efficient resource management and forecasting are still crucial. In this research, a new prediction model is presented that aims to improve the operational efficiency of several shared economy services. Our method creatively combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with Genetic Algorithms (GA) to assess user demand and optimize resource deployment. We apply this methodology especially to e-scooter sharing services, but the underlying ideas and methods can be applied to other shared economy platforms as well, like peer-to-peer lending services, car sharing, and vacation rentals. The model starts with a GA to adjust the hyperparameters of the LSTM network, making the network better suited to handle specific characteristics of common economic data. Capturing the complex temporal and spatial patterns of user behavior and demand on these platforms requires this optimization. The LSTM element then predicts changes in service demand due to its capacity to analyze sequential records. Further to being useful for analyzing sequential data and predicting destiny wishes, this predictive functionality is important for a shared economy platform to correctly manage stock, allocate assets, and predict personal wishes. We use a large dataset to check our technique, demonstrating the predictive accuracy of the model and demand and its potential to aid strategic choice-making. Compared to traditional fashions, the consequences show a large development in forecast accuracy and resource allocation efficiency. Our methodology creates a robust basis for statistics-driven insights that decorate customer happiness and decorate the long-term increase of the shared financial system. This work highlights the blended ability of GA and LSTM inside the shared economy and paves the manner for future enhancements in using modern-day gadget mastering techniques to optimize and alter various shared services. In quick, effective useful resource control and forecasting in the shared economic system is tough, however our specific forecasting model combining GA-LSTM gives a manner ahead. Our technique, as it should be, predicts fluctuations in provider demand; it was first refined the usage of GA to regulate the LSTM hyperparameters. The consequences show how correct and powerful our version is and spotlight how it can enhance customer pleasure and operational performance. This research paves the manner for future trends within the software of gadgets, gaining knowledge of methods and supports the continuing enlargement and development of shared economic system offerings.

Magnetic lymphatic tracing for omission of sentinel lymph node biopsies in mastectomy patients: a community cancer center experience.

Patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and patients undergoing risk reduction mastectomy may undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) at the time of mastectomy to complete axillary staging were an underlying invasive malignancy to be found on final pathology. Among patients with DCIS undergoing mastectomy, 15-29% of patients will have invasive disease on final pathology; therefore, approximately 70-85% of patients may benefit from avoiding SLNB. Superparamagnetic tracers (SPMT) have been proven to be non-inferior to the standard radioisotope and blue dye combination. SPMT remains active for several weeks, allowing a large proportion of DCIS and genetic carrier patients to potentially avoid SLNB in the setting of mastectomy. We hypothesize the use of SPMT will reduce the number of SLNB performed in patients undergoing mastectomy for DCIS and risk reduction, ultimately reducing the number of complications associated with axillary surgery. We seek to report our community cancer center's experience with SPMT and omission of SLNB in the DCIS and prophylactic mastectomy patient population. We performed a retrospective review of 52 female patients with DCIS or known genetic predisposition undergoing mastectomy. SPMT (Magtrace®, Endomag Ltd, Cambridge, UK) was injected ipsilateral to DCIS and bilaterally for prophylactic mastectomy patients. Our primary outcome was rate of return to the operating room (OR) for delayed SLNB. Secondary outcomes included post-operative complications within 30days of surgery and operative time. We compared outcomes to a control group of 28 women undergoing mastectomy for DCIS or for risk reduction who underwent SLNB at their index operation in traditional fashion. Continuous variables were reported using median and interquartile ranges (IQR) and were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data were reported using frequency and percent and were compared using Pearson's Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact test, as appropriate. Alpha was set to 0.05 to determine statistical significance. There was a total of 80 patients (52 SPMT, 28 control). Median age of SPMT patients was 49.5 (IQR 40-60.75) vs. 54.5 (48 - 65) in the traditional tracer group. vs. control group. 57.7% of SPMT patients underwent mastectomy for DCIS vs. 89.3% in the control group. Eight SPMT patients (15.4%) had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) on final pathology and seven of those patients underwent delayed SLNB (87.5%). None of the delayed SLNB were positive for metastatic disease. Rates of post-operative complications were similar between the two groups, including hematoma, seroma, and surgical site infection. OR times were also similar with median OR time 202min (min) for the SPMT group vs. 195min for the control group. Use of SPMT avoided SLNB in 84.6% of our patients. We found no difference in rates of post-operative complications or operative times in patients using SPMT for omission of SLNB at time of mastectomy compared to the control group. Our findings suggest SLNB can be avoided in a majority of patients undergoing mastectomy for DCIS or risk reduction in the setting of genetic predisposition.

Singing One’s Life: Biopics of Edith Piaf and Dalida

This article compares two films about French singing stars: La Môme (La Vie en Rose, 2007), directed by Olivier Dahan and Dalida (2016), directed by Lisa Azuelos, respectively about Edith Piaf and Dalida. It argues that Dahan in La Vie en Rose attempted to make a feminist biopic, which recognises that a famous woman can live mostly for her art or even equate her life with her art. This does not necessarily mean that such a woman, Piaf in this case, is unable to love passionately, but rather that there is no competition between her romantic and professional personas. Piaf’s talent for singing is also presented as a protection against external tragedies and as a source of meaning in her life. By contrast, Azuelos, in a more traditional fashion, plays up the contrast between the successful professional life of Dalida and her unhappy personal life, suggesting that if Dalida chose a different profession, she could be happier.

THE INTERTEXTUALITY OF CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS AS SEEN FROM SPIDERMAN ACROSS THE SPIDER-VERSE (2023) AND MS MARVEL (2022)

This study aims to reveal the intertextual of cultural diversity of Spiderman Across the Spider-Verse (2023) and Ms. Marvel (2022). This study focuses on Spiderman characters: Miles Morales and Pavitr Prabhakar and also Ms. Marvel named Kamala in Ms. Marvel, social life and their surroundings. This study uses the theory from Kristeva (1989) to examine the intertextuality between the two films and representative theory from Stuart Hall(1997) to analyze the cultural representation of Spiderman Miles Morales, Spiderman Pavitr Prabhakar, and Kamala Khan. The researchers used qualitative research methods. Research results show that cultural representation in movies appears beyond superficial markers, incorporating meaning, signs and symbols that are relevant to the characters' backgrounds in society. Both films depict elements such as food, stereotypes, and religious norms that represent a specific culture or religion. However, both films clearly reflect traditional fashion symbols, musical instruments, language, traditions, decorations, and religious rituals. This intertextual exploration enriches the story and offers a more inclusive depiction of superheroes in a globalized worldThis study is expected to provide insightful and nuanced understandings of cultural representation in this modern era of globalization through the eyes of Spiderman Across the Spider-Verse (2023) and Ms. Marvel (2022).

Application of Kansei engineering in the innovative design of traditional fashion elements

Kansei engineering can quickly establish the relationship between human emotion and product composition, and it is expected to be an important method for design evaluation. This paper investigates the application of Yungang Grottoes Bodhisattva necklaces to modern attire, specifically the cheongsam, with a focus on the Kansei Engineering-based design approach. The study introduces sensory evaluation to analyse the suitability of various types of Yungang Grottoes Bodhisattva necklaces in cheongsam designs and the sensual style of high-fit cheongsam designs. Two experiments were conducted, with Experiment 1 assessing the suitability of Yungang Grottoes Bodhisattva necklaces on different traditional cheongsam, and Experiment 2 examining the overall style of cheongsam designs when combined with Yungang Grottoes Bodhisattva necklace designs. Fuzzy logic was employed in Experiment 1 to evaluate the suitability of each necklace element, while Experiment 2 incorporated sensory evaluation to determine the sensual style of high-fit cheongsam designs, assessed through subjective ratings by 50 industry experts and 50 evaluators (women aged 18 to 35). The investigation utilized standard procedures for subjective evaluation experiments, resulting in the determination of the suitability of three mainstream cheongsam designs with 24 Yungang Grottoes Bodhisattva necklaces, as well as the identification of high-fit cheongsam sensual styles. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for the design of Yungang Grottoes Bodhisattva necklaces on the cheongsam, utilizing the relative weight values of cheongsam designs as guidance for future applications. This research contributes to understanding the integration of cultural artefacts in contemporary fashion, offering insights into design considerations and potential enhancements of the cheongsam through the incorporation of Yungang Grottoes Bodhisattva necklaces.

Fashion as an Expression of Cultural Identity in the Digital Age

Fashion has long been a powerful medium for expressing cultural identity, reflecting various communities' values, traditions, and social dynamics. This expression has evolved dramatically in the digital age, shaped by the pervasive influence of technology and social media. This study explores how fashion serves as a conduit for cultural identity in the contemporary digital landscape. It examines the interplay between traditional fashion practices and modern digital platforms. It highlights how individuals and communities use fashion to navigate and assert their cultural identities in an increasingly globalised world. The research investigates the role of digital platforms, such as Instagram, TikTok, and fashion blogs, in disseminating and transforming cultural fashion trends. These platforms provide a space for cultural exchange and the democratisation of fashion, allowing underrepresented voices to showcase their heritage and creativity. Additionally, the study delves into the impact of virtual fashion shows, digital influencers, and online retail on cultural identity expression. It considers how these elements contribute to preserving and evolving traditional fashion practices. Furthermore, the research addresses the complexities of cultural appropriation in the digital age, where fashion trends can be rapidly adopted and commercialised, often detached from their cultural significance. By analysing case studies and engaging with fashion designers, influencers, and consumers, the study offers insights into the ethical considerations and responsibilities involved in cultural fashion representation. The findings suggest that while digital platforms can facilitate celebrating and sharing cultural identities, they pose challenges related to authenticity, appropriation, and commercialisation. This duality underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of fashion as a cultural expression in the digital era. The study concludes with recommendations for fostering a more inclusive and respectful digital fashion ecosystem that honours and preserves cultural identities while embracing innovation and diversity. Through this exploration, the research aims to contribute to the broader discourse on cultural identity, fashion, and digital media, offering valuable perspectives for academics, industry professionals, and cultural advocates.

Perceptions and Attitudes of The Chinese Young Generation Towards Sustainable Practices in Traditional Fashion Design

This paper examines the awareness and attitudes of China's younger generation towards sustainable practices in traditional fashion design. Ehlers, S. (2016) The younger generation increasingly recognizes the environmental and social impacts of the fashion industry and shows support for sustainable practices such as the use of eco-friendly materials and recycling. However, challenges like high costs and consumer inertia persist. Future efforts should focus on promoting sustainable fashion through education, collaboration, and policy initiatives to foster a more sustainable fashion industry.

Theorizing the Third Generation of Fashion Designers: The Case of Pharrell Williams at Louis Vuitton

This article delves into the implications of celebrity-driven fashion brands in the 21st century. Initially, it traces the evolution of the first generations of traditional fashion designers from the 19th and 20th centuries, highlighting how designers serve as a simplified reference point, as they aggregate the intricate processes of fashion creation under a public persona. Subsequently, employing a close reading and visual analysis methodology, I examine the case of musician Pharrell Williams in his role as creative director at Louis Vuitton. I argue that celebrities taking on roles as fashion designers represent a new generation in this field. This shift is an inevitable culmination of the “celebrification” that traditional designers have undergone over the years. I further argue that celebrity-driven brands introduce a diverse offering in terms of taste, experience and image. By integrating fashion with entertainment, celebrities enable brands like Louis Vuitton to reorganize as a “Cultural Maison.” These celebrities, outsiders penetrating high-end fashion, exploit the so-called democratic and hybrid logic of social media, and gradually overshadowing the cultural significance of traditional designers, pushing them behind the scenes. This shift challenges and may even redefine our understanding of what constitutes the cultural role of fashion designers.

“It's Not Just About the Outfits”: Fashioning Gender, Race, and Class on #RushTok

This manuscript analyzes outfit of the day (OOTD) content on TikTok to consider how the style-fashion-dress and social media practices in the digital sociality known as “RushTok” (re)produce gender, race, and class norms in Panhellenic sororities. I used feminist virtual ethnography to explore 97 OOTD videos produced during the 2022 Panhellenic sorority recruitment cycle. I followed the concept of the sorority girl around this data to map her emergence and effects in the RushTok sociality. I find that RushTok OOTDs remediate practices from traditional fashion media, and that the style-fashion-dress practices in this sociality emphasize luxury branding, highly feminine but conservative styles, and bodily discipline. These are (re)shaped by spatial and algorithmic logics, which privilege enactments of the sorority girl that (re)produce the White, wealthy, cisfeminine ideal. The logics of Panhellenic sororities intra-act with the TikTok algorithm to make this idealized sorority girl more visible, further (re)producing hierarchies of difference.

Sustainability Strategy of Gringsing Woven Fabrics on the Basis of Multifunction Through the PROMETHEE Approach

Gringsing weaving is a multifunctional traditional fabric of Bali, it’s used in various activities such as traditional ceremonies, war rituals, souvenirs, fashion, and medication. The objectives of this research are: (1) Identifying respondent's perceptions of the multifunctionality of gringsing woven fabric (2) Analysing the sustainability strategy for gringsing woven fabric as a typical woven fabric of Tenganan Village. This research uses analytical methods, descriptive analysis to analyse respondents' perceptions of the multifunctionality of gringsing woven fabric involving 19 respondents (consisting of craftsmen and stakeholders) and Preference Ranking Organization METHODs for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) analysis to analyse alternative sustainability strategies for gringsing woven. The research results show that respondents have a good perspective on the potential of gringsing woven as a modern fashion classic product with sustainable principles. An alternative priority sustainability strategy to make gringsing woven fabric a sustainable industry is to develop innovations in modifying gringsing woven fabric motifs.

The carbon footprint of fast fashion consumption and mitigation strategies-a case study of jeans

Fast fashion is driving the continued growth of the fashion industry's carbon emissions. Understanding how fast fashion consumption exacerbates carbon emissions is critical to guide mitigation strategies for the fashion industry. Taking jeans, a typical fast fashion product as an example, this study developed an LCA model to assess the carbon footprint of fast fashion consumption at global and national levels, and mitigation potentials of product service systems-related scenarios were then explored. Results show that the carbon footprint of fast fashion consumption is 2.50 kgCO2e/one wear jeans, 11 times higher than that of traditional fashion consumption. Jeans production and cross-broad transportation contributed 91 % of the carbon footprint of fast fashion consumption. Developed countries have a 53 % higher per capita carbon footprint of fast fashion consumption than developing countries. The second-hand trading model has the highest mitigation potential, reducing carbon emissions by 90 %. This study proposed an analytical framework for the carbon footprint of fast fashion consumption, which provides the basis for the environmental footprints of fast fashion products. Our findings provide insights into the carbon footprints of traditional and fast fashion consumption and strategies for the transition to circular fashion.

Exploring The Fusion of Innovative Design and Traditional Elements in Contemporary Chinese Fashion Trends

This study explored how young people's interest in their cultural heritage is fueling the return of traditional Chinese apparel to modern fashion. It looks into how historic components like Hanfu, Tang suits, qipao, and Zhongshan suits are influencing China's changing fashion trends. The study seeks to close the knowledge gap between traditional and modern clothing by highlighting the importance of traditional designs and their influence on fast fashion. The study also identifies obstacles, such as time restraints, and establishes boundaries to focus the investigation. The review of the literature provides insight into the complex relationships between traditional and modern aspects of Chinese fashion. It draws attention to the many facets of fashion, addressing technological, cultural, and environmental issues. Modern fashion is seeing a comeback of traditional Chinese aspects, with a focus on maintaining cultural heritage while adjusting to international trends. Potential solutions as well as issues with quick fashion, sustainability, and talent retention are covered. This study lays the foundation for a thorough investigation into how Westernisation and cultural components combine in the Chinese fashion industry. This study uses a deductive methodology to examine the influence of traditional fashion aspects on consumer behaviour by utilising pre-existing theories on these topics. The study takes a positivist stance, gathering and analysing data on Chinese fashion trends using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. In order to protect participant welfare and academic integrity, it employs structured surveys, interviews, data analysis using SPSS software, and theme analysis for qualitative data. The present study employs a thematic statistical approach to examine the relationship between contemporary and traditional garment trends in China, as well as the impact of traditional Chinese designs on the fashion scene. These designs are shaped by a range of factors, including technology, sustainability, and cultural adaptation.

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ СТРАТЕГІЇ СТАЛОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА ОДЯГУ В УКРАЇНІ

The fashion industry is known to be the second most environmentally harmful industry, as it faces various issues in its supply chain and consumption. Sustainable apparel creation not only helps reduce the environmental impact of fashion but also caters to the growing demand for eco-friendly products from consumers who are becoming more mindful about their purchases. To maintain a circular economy, textile sources should be used as much as possible while retaining their value. Zero-waste design is a concept that aims to eliminate or minimise fabric waste during the garment creation process. Traditional fashion design often produces significant amounts of fabric discarded due to inefficient pattern-cutting and garment construction methods. In this research, the relationship between a company's cutting system and the average percentage of interlaced textile waste and the relationship between a company's capacity and the average percentage of interlaced textile waste were defined to reduce manufacturing waste. The data suggests that a company's capacity does not significantly impact the average percentage of interlaced textile waste. On the other hand, a company's cutting system appears to impact the average percentage of interlaced textile waste ambiguous. Therefore, the following definition of the relationship between a company's assortment and the average percentage of interlaced textile waste is essential in this research field. Combining zero-waste design with LCA can be a base for creating a new, effective, sustainable methodology for Ukrainian sewing companies.

The Digital Paradox when Future and Tradition Co-Exist Contemporary Fashion with Augmented Reality

Nowadays fashion world has undergone significant transformations in the digital era, with technology playing a crucial role in various aspects. The digital era has transformed the fashion industry by redefining how fashion is produced, marketed, and consumed. Technology has opened up new opportunities for creativity and innovation within the fashion landscape. This research explores the intersection of digital technology and traditional fashion by examining the paradoxical coexistence of the future and tradition in the realm of contemporary fashion, specifically through the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) experiences. The importance of this study lies in understanding how fashion, as a reflection of culture, adapts and evolves in the digital era while still preserving its historical and cultural significance. By addressing this paradox, the research aims to shed light on the potential solutions and implications for the fashion industry. The primary problem addressed in this work is the tension between embracing technological advancements and maintaining the authenticity and heritage associated with fashion. Through a Qualitative approach, including observation, interviews and literature studies, the methodology aims to investigate the various ways in which AR is currently being integrated into fashion. The results of this study provide insights into the benefits and challenges of incorporating AR in fashion, including enhanced consumer engagement, personalized experiences, and increased value. By examining the coexistence of future and tradition, this study aims to bridge the gap between technological advancements and the preservation of cultural heritage in the dynamic landscape of fashion.

Memorable Logo Design of Luxury Brand-Balenciaga

This in-depth study explores the complex field of managing luxury brands, focusing on the legendary Balenciaga. Balenciaga’s groundbreaking departure from traditional fashion shapes is studied, highlighting its liberation-focused design philosophy, and its 1919 roots are traced. The incorporation of streetwear components into high fashion is investigated, demonstrating the brand’s capacity to respond to swift societal changes. The creations of Balenciaga are more than just clothes; they are powerful manifestations of independence and defiance. Balenciaga’s lasting impact is affirmed in the report’s conclusion, not just in fashion but also as a representation of resistance, advancement, and creative self-expression.

Digital transformation: A comparative study of the impact of digital fashion shows on traditional fashion shows

This paper explores the transformative impact of digital fashion shows on the traditional landscape of fashion presentations and the market positioning within the fashion industry. The advent of digital fashion shows introduces new dimensions to the showcase of fashion, challenging conventional concepts of fashion and presentation. This study examines the expression of creativity and craftsmanship by designers in traditional fashion shows, delving into the dynamics of audience interaction and experience, and analyzing business models and brand strategies that are crucial for industry success. The integration of new technologies with digital fashion shows has revolutionized the modalities of fashion presentations and audience engagement, offering innovative ways for a global audience to participate in fashion events. This paper also discusses the potential for market expansion and sustainability within digital fashion shows, emphasizing their role in shaping the future of the industry. A comparative analysis highlights the advantages and limitations of both traditional and digital fashion shows, examining their impacts on the fashion market and cultural landscapes. Furthermore, the paper provides insights into future trends and developments, forecasting the potential convergence of these two formats in driving the evolution of the fashion industry.

Moda novog veka - savremena moda ili izraz društvenog stanja i odeće za uspeh

In today's digitalized society, fashion is a phenomenon that affects all social subjects, consciously or unconsciously, as an informant of their cultural, social, economic, philosophical, spiritual, and even modern metaphysical changes and understandings. Clothing is one of the first and primary markers that provide information to the environment about an individual's national and class affiliation, wealth, and age, and over time information about the extent of the messages to be sent to others through color, the quality of the fabric, the decoration in the costume, the presence (or absence) of details - fashion elements that are as complex as the structure of society itself. Why is fashion used to achieve career (and even personal) influence and success? In contrast to the traditional capitalist fashion system, in which the elite (wealthy class) corresponded directly to the current fashion trends and consciously imposed them on the lower social classes, today's fashion can be identified as the individual's striving to assert his "self" and to be distinguished by its exterior, by the choice of clothes, through which he demonstrates a certain social position. At the same time, through it he expresses his individuality, one that defies the conformism of the upper classes, eager for rivalry imposed by the strong competition, which grows into a struggle for social superiority and continuous metamorphoses. From a psychological point of view, it hints at a person with increased aspirations and a strong desire for social acceptability in a certain social circle, gaining affection, friends, a desire for professional success and achieving established non-verbal communication and a strong (and above all verified) impression on others.

Research on Using the SICAS Model to Analyse the Zara Marketing Strategy

The rapid evolution of the fashion industry in recent decades has been characterised by the rise of fast fashion, which challenges the traditional bi-annual fashion cycle by producing and disseminating new styles in a much shorter timeframe. Fast fashion democratises the fashion world, making trendy clothing accessible and affordable to a broader audience. A principal player in this transformation is Zara, conceptualised by Amancio Ortega, which grew from a small shop in A Coruna to a worldwide retail empire, epitomising the ethos of "instant fashions". This transition in the industry parallels shifts in consumer behavior models. Historically, the AIDA model suggested a progression from Attention to Interest, Desire, and Action. However, with the advent of the Internet, this model has evolved. The AISAS model, proposed in 2005, adjusts for the digital age by including the Search, Action, and Share stages. This was further modified to the SICAS model in 2011, encompassing stages of Sense, Interest and Interactive, Connection and Communication, Action, and Sharing. This model delineates the steps of brand-consumer interaction in today's digital age, emphasising the significance of connectivity, communication, and sharing in the consumer's purchasing journey. The article introduces the Zara marketing strategy based on the SICAS model.

TEPAK CIWARINGINAN PADA SENI PENCAK SILAT DI KOTA BANDUNG

Pencak silat is a martial art of Indonesia's cultural identity that 
 has been designated by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural 
 Heritage. Pencak silat in West Java is not only categorized as a 
 martial sport, but also as one of the arts. Pencak silat in the context 
 of performing arts is often called Kendang Penca (from the 
 perspective of musical aesthetics) and Ibing Penca (from the 
 perspective of dance aesthetics). The focus of this article is to 
 describe the variety of tepak ciwaringinan patterns in the pencak 
 silat family in Bandung. The consideration is that these songs and 
 tepak no longer appear in every kendang penca performance, it can 
 be said that their existence is starting to become extinct. In this 
 article, the author uses a qualitative approach from Jhon W. 
 Creswell by collecting data through observation, documentation, 
 and interviews. After the data is obtained, the author then analyzes 
 the data to test the truth of the data.
 This article discusses an overview of pencak silat as a performing 
 art, the musical accompaniment of pencak silat in Bandung, and a 
 description of the Ciwaringinan tepak pattern in pencak silat. The 
 article concludes that pencak silat is one of the most important 
 aspects of the performing arts in Indonesia, especially in West Java. 
 Aesthetically, pencak silat generally consists of the aesthetics of the 
 Pencak Silat dance form (ibing penca), music aesthetics 
 (karawitan), and traditional fashion aesthetics. In addition, the 
 findings in this study are that there are a variety of Ciwaringinan 
 tepak patterns that have not been recognized by the public.