Traditional Entrepreneurship Research Articles

Digital entrepreneurship landscapes in developing Asia: insights from the Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems

PurposeDigitalization is changing the way entrepreneurs pursue opportunities. We have elaborated a conceptual framework to gain a better understanding of digital entrepreneurship. Using this framework, we have developed the Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems (GIDES), an analytical tool designed to measure and comprehend the impact of digitalization on entrepreneurship. This study aims to answer the research question of what specific bottlenecks are hindering the performance of digital entrepreneurial systems in the countries under investigation, with a particular focus on developing Asian economies.Design/methodology/approachGIDES is a composite indicator that evaluates the performance of digital entrepreneurial systems on a national scale. Unlike traditional entrepreneurship or most entrepreneurial ecosystem measures, GIDES adopts a systemic approach using the Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) algorithm to spot bottlenecks that potentially degrade overall system performance.FindingsGIDES assesses the digital entrepreneurship systems of 113 countries, with a specific focus on 21 developing Asian economies. Singapore is ranked first among developing Asian countries globally. However, most developing Asian economies have significant room for improvement. While developing Asia excels in terms of physical infrastructure, it needs to work on its culture and informal institutions.Originality/valueDigital transformation is not happening in isolation. Instead, it is closely linked to and happens within the context of entrepreneurship. The level of digitalization of the economy, described by digital framework conditions, impacts entrepreneurial activity through their influence on national-level general and systemic framework conditions. Thus, GIDES monitors all the general, structural and digital frameworks that support digital entrepreneurship. Consequently, it offers a deeper understanding of how digitalization impacts entrepreneurship.

Traditional and digital entrepreneurial ecosystems: a framework of differences and similarities

Entrepreneurial ecosystems in various geographical areas of the world are often compared in the context of entrepreneurship research. There are far fewer comparative studies on different types of ecosystems. In this study, a traditional entrepreneurial ecosystem based in Canada is compared with a digital entrepreneurial ecosystem specializing in life sciences, in Switzerland, bridging the gap between both and yielding previously unknown insights. The aim is twofold: to decipher both the differences and the similarities between the two models and to describe the predominant type of entrepreneurship in each case. The method consisted of a quantitative study of socio-economic data in combination with the administration of a qualitative analysis of interviews with—industry, government, and university—experts with links to one or the other ecosystem. The main findings showed that the traditional ecosystem had varied entrepreneurial support, public financial support, and collaborative networks between SMEs and start-ups, whereas in the specialized digital ecosystem, business support tended to be sector-specific with private financial support and networks emerging between multinationals and start-ups. Our study contributes to entrepreneurship research by showing that high-tech industries such as biotechnology and medical technology manage to go beyond a purely digital approach in digital ecosystems. The generic nature of the high-tech industries within the traditional ecosystem was the main driver of traditional entrepreneurship, while the sector-specific approaches of the industries within the specialized digital ecosystems were shown to drive innovative entrepreneurship.

The Rise of Social Entrepreneurship

In recent decades, the concept of social entrepreneurship has emerged as a dynamic and impactful force in addressing pressing social and environmental challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the rise of social entrepreneurship, exploring its origins, evolution, and current state. Drawing on a review of scholarly literature, case studies, and empirical research, we examine the defining characteristics of social entrepreneurship and the factors driving its growth. Our analysis reveals that social entrepreneurship represents a paradigm shift in the way we conceptualize the role of business in society. Unlike traditional entrepreneurship, which focuses primarily on profit maximization, social entrepreneurship integrates social and environmental objectives into its core mission. Through innovative business models, creative problem-solving, and a commitment to sustainable impact, social entrepreneurs are addressing systemic issues such as poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and access to essential services.

The interdependence between the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Entrepreneurial Culture - An analysis with sustainable and traditional entrepreneurs

The Cultural dimension remains the most puzzling element within the dynamics of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE). Because cultural features have pervasive effects on the behavior of individuals and organizations, assessing the interplay between Culture and other components of EE becomes matter of critical interest. This is particularly relevant vis-à-vis the quest for sustainable transitions in these productive structures. Following this background, this research aims to identify the main elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem that influence entrepreneurial culture when comparing ‘traditional’ and sustainable entrepreneurs. We model these associations with the Grey Incidence Analysis (GIA) method. Data collection was carried out in 2023 with a sample of 245 projects approved in the Innovative Research in Small Businesses (PIPE) program in Brazil. Findings indicate that sustainable entrepreneurs exhibit distinct patterns in the entrepreneurial ecosystem configurations conducive to fostering a robust entrepreneurial culture. Notably, the elements of the ecosystem exerting the most pronounced influence are intricately tied to governmental support. These elements primarily affect the sense of self-sufficiency, autonomy, personal initiative, and the propensity to take risks. This research expands the notion of culture within the entrepreneurial ecosystem and presents insights into required elements to promote sustainable transitions in EE. Accordingly, our findings offer novel insights for EE policy concerning UN Sustainable Development Goals, thereby providing practical guidance for policymakers and professionals in the field.

Smart as User-Generated Content in taking advantage of new economic opportunities for Students of SMK 60 Kedoya, West Jakarta

Social media is now an inherent part of one's life. Various communication activities are carried out, both personal, institutional and social. At the same time, social media has a vast and promising economic potential. The smart way to do this is through content management, which can be used as a new economic resource. Empowerment of entrepreneurial values through digital entrepreneurship competitions is considered indispensable in the millennial era. A high number of entrepreneurs can be achieved if the community is encouraged, conditioned, and motivated by someone to become an entrepreneur.Entrepreneurial motivation is one of the critical determinants of business success. Through digital technology, entrepreneurship (digital entrepreneurship) has had a tremendous impact on the world. Digital businesses built through internet networks such as Google, Facebook or Microsoft have been able to change the world and form communication patterns without geographical barriers. Digitalization also has an impact on the development of new entrepreneurs. The potential for new business development is increasing because of opportunities to digitize business branches and shift business from offline to online, and where physically active traditional organizations go digital, for traditional entrepreneurs to shift to new forms of business in the digital age, both in terms of product, distribution and business location. This socialization is expected to foster business values for SMK 60 Kedoya students based on tourism competencies.

The role of the service sector in the development of entrepreneurship in the countryside

The article highlights the role of the service sector in the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas. An analysis of the works of Ukrainian scientists dedicated to the development of the service sector in Ukraine, as well as the development of entrepreneurship in the countryside, was carried out. A number of methods that were used in this study are highlighted. It is indicated that entrepreneurial activity in rural areas consists of both traditional entrepreneurship in the production and sale of agricultural products, and in less traditional types of business, in particular, entrepreneurship in the provision of services. The types of services provided in rural areas are highlighted and graphically displayed, in particular, the authors note that there are three groups of such services. Since state organizations are responsible for the provision of social services to rural residents, the authors focused their attention on service provision activities carried out on a commercial basis. It is indicated that a significant share in the provision of services in the village is occupied by sellers of production agricultural services, in particular services in crop production. It is noted that the majority of buyers of production agricultural services are households, as they do not have the resources to purchase all types of agricultural machinery. It is noted that the main providers of production agricultural services are natural persons-entrepreneurs and officially unregistered sellers of such services. It is indicated that other services, the provision of which can become a form of entrepreneurial activity in the village, are household services, in particular, services for repairing clothes, shoes, appliances, transport services, hairdressing services, etc. In addition, it is said that the opening of catering establishments and the provision of tourist services can also exist in rural areas as a form of entrepreneurship. The problem of the lack of adequate statistical information on the activity of entrepreneurial structures in the field of rural services has been established. It is proposed to implement and actively promote the development of alternative types of entrepreneurship in the provision of services in the countryside, in particular, to open small businesses for the provision of household services, as well as touristic services.

Problems and Perspectives for Social Entrepreneurship in Higher Education

This article examines the problem of social entrepreneurship education in higher education. Along with traditional entrepreneurs, it is of particular importance to create social entrepreneurs through collaboration between academia, social enterprises and business. The development of social entrepreneurship in higher education institutions in Bulgaria faces a number of problems, as well as prospects for its development. The purpose of this article is to identify the problems and outline the prospects for social entrepreneurship in higher education in Bulgaria. By undertaking the necessary activities in the direction of increasing social awareness, sustainability and social responsibility, universities can train socially oriented entrepreneurs to contribute their knowledge and abilities to the development and well-being of our country. The main research methods involved in the development are content analysis, method of analysis and synthesis, method of observation, intuitive and systematic approach.

СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО У СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНІ

In very unstable socio-economic relations, which have developed in the world and in Ukraine, there is a transition to a new level of management, that’s why there is a need to apply the latest tools in state social policy, which is extremely important in the conditions of a defensive war. Social entrepreneurship is a new, innovativebusiness venture that influences change. A social entrepreneur has a specific cause that they care about, and they develop a business model around making a positive impact. The main goal is to create lasting social change through business. The dualism of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship is based on the application of principles, tools and technologies of commercial entrepreneurship, as well as the use of innovative methods of doing business. The article highlights that one of these tools is social entrepreneurship, which at the same time contributes to the development of the economy and focuses attention on solving important social problems. The fundamental difference between social and traditional entrepreneurship is clarified. Like entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs aim to create a sustainable business with staying power. However, whereas an entrepreneur’s goal is to maximize profits, a social entrepreneur’s main concern is impact. They create economic value: by creating jobs, producing income, and nurturing an entire network of business partners-suppliers, shipping companies, lenders, and utility companies-social entrepreneurs contribute to the economic renewal of the region or country where they live and operate. Socially entrepreneurial activity takes place across all fields, from health to climate change and education, and across all sectors, from non-profit to commercial and governmental. The main problems that hinder the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are highlighted, in particular: no separate organizational and legal form is provided for the implementation of a social enterprise, the absence or insufficiency of knowledge and skills in managing such a business; narrow and unprepared market, low level of motivation.

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В СИСТЕМЕ ФАКТОРОВ РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Social entrepreneurship is an activity that aims to solve or mitigate the social problems of society. It includes features of traditional entrepreneurship and charity. Charity refers to a social orientation of activity, and business refers to an entrepreneurial approach. Social entrepreneurship balances between social goals and the commercial component, where money is not a goal, but a means to achieve these social goals, allowing the entrepreneur to remain stable and independent of constant donor injections. The purpose of the study is to substantiate social entrepreneurship as a factor in the development of the Russian economy. The research reveals the essence of social entrepreneurship, its differences from traditional entrepreneurial activity. Significant legislative and regulatory acts are highlighted, showing the history of the formation of social entrepreneurship in the country and the identification of its key features. It is revealed that the development of social entrepreneurship in the country can be assessed mainly by the dynamics of the number of social enterprises, and there are no methods for assessing the contribution of social entrepreneurship to the country's economy and solving social problems. It is shown that social entrepreneurship is implemented in three main forms that solve the tasks of socialization and employment of disabled people, the tasks of supporting socially vulnerable segments of the population and the tasks of solving specific problems of certain categories of the population. The study of the current state of social entrepreneurship is quite complex, based mainly on point information. Therefore, a methodological apparatus is needed, a system of key indicators for assessing the contribution of social entrepreneurship to solving social and economic problems of the economy and society. The contribution is obvious, otherwise social entrepreneurship would not have been widely developed.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

The paper is devoted to the formation of practical recommendations for the usage of marketing tools for the development of social enterprises, which will contribute to their effective functioning in the conditions of uncertainty. The article presents the marketing environment of a social enterprise. The ecosystem of social entrepreneurship as a part of the modern business environment includes key market players (suppliers, intermediaries, companies, competitors and customers). There is an exception in comparing social and traditional enterprise: customers of goods or services produced by social enterprises are usually not consumers or target customers of the corresponding products. In many cases, the decision maker is the party paying, such as a government, foundation, or individual sponsor. In addition, the target audience of a social enterprise includes not only customers as consumers of the product, but also beneficiaries (population groups to whom the mission of the social enterprise is directed). In many cases, the beneficiary receives access to services for free or at reduced prices through the payer (client). This additional profile of the client actually causes the need for additional research, because in the case of social entrepreneurship, the focus on marketing strategy differs from traditional business in certain features. Unlike traditional entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs should not only work on maximizing their profits, they should also care about social impact and increasing positive brand reputation. Like a traditional business, a social enterprise faces competitors in the market who may or may not have better market offerings and may or may not be socially oriented. Challenges regarding the marketing of social enterprises have been identified: an ambiguous attitude to marketing on the part of social entrepreneurs, which is associated with insufficient understanding of marketing and its interpretation exclusively as a tool for profit maximization; lack of a clear understanding of the target audience, which leads to uncertainty in the development of marketing messages and strategies; a limited number of successful examples of social enterprises to refer to, which reduces motivation and confidence in the effectiveness of marketing efforts for aspiring social entrepreneurs. Marketing tools for social enterprises are provided to help define the target market and brand social values and mission.

The Path to Entrepreneurship: The Role of Social Networks in Driving Entrepreneurial Learning and Education

This research aims to examine the extent to which the way entrepreneurs learn is reflected in entrepreneurship education, highlighting the existing gap between the literature on entrepreneurial learning and the practice of entrepreneurship education. To explore entrepreneurial learning in-depth, we adopted an interpretivist-constructivist approach that involves participant observation at coworking spaces and semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs. Data were subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis. Major findings indicate that social networks play a vital role in facilitating entrepreneurial learning, with context and network serving as essential learning mechanisms. However, these elements are often disregarded in traditional entrepreneurship education approaches. This study highlights a gap in the literature where the focus of entrepreneurial learning is primarily on entrepreneurs, while entrepreneurship education primarily focuses on students and educators. The study’s contribution is its emphasis on the importance of social networks in entrepreneurial learning and its potential for redesigning entrepreneurship education. By bridging the gap between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurship education, it is possible to create educational approaches that more closely mimic how entrepreneurs learn in real life, potentially leading to more impactful entrepreneurial activity.

Traditional Entrepreneurship and Next-Generation Entrepreneurship Within the Framework of Economic Thoughts: A Review of the Literature

Klasik iktisatta dört üretim faktöründen biri olan girişimcilik, iktisadi faaliyetlerin ortaya çıkması ve devamlılığı için anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Girişimcilik tanımsal olarak ilk defa 18nci yüzyılda İrlandalı iktisatçı Cantillon tarafından literatüre kazandırılmış olsa da, iktisadi faaliyetlerin başlangıcından bu yana çeşitli tanımlar ve ifadelerle karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma girişimciliğin tanımının iktisadi düşünceler tarihinde nasıl karşılık bulduğunu ve tanımsal evrimini ele almaktadır. Geleneksel girişimcilik, daha kurumsal ve yerelleşmiş bir yaklaşımı temsil ederken; yeni nesil girişimcilik yenilikçi, teknoloji odaklı ve küresel bir perspektife sahiptir. Bu iki yaklaşım arasındaki geçiş, ekonomik ve teknolojik değişimlerin hızlanmasıyla birlikte daha belirgin hale gelmiştir. Özellikle 19ncu yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren, girişimcilik kavramı yeni nesil girişimcilik olarak adlandırılmış ve çeşitli tanımlamalarla açıklanmıştır. Bu çalışma girişimciliğin kavramsal karşılığını, geleneksel girişimcilikten yeni nesil girişimciliğe uzanan tanımlamalarla açıklamaya çalışmıştır. Bu bağlamda geleneksel girişimcilik ve yeni nesil girişimcilik arasındaki farkları ve benzerlikleri vurgulamak amacıyla literatürdeki temel çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Çalışma ayrıca iktisadi düşünce sistemleri içerisinde karşılık bulan girişimcilik tanımlarını kronolojik olarak ele almıştır.

How does formal credit promote green entrepreneurship? New insights from renewable energy producers in high-, middle-, and low-income countries.

To tackle the growing menace of environmental degradation, the idea of green entrepreneurship has gained popularity, which is the process of creating new goods and technologies to solve environmental problems. Like traditional entrepreneurs, green entrepreneurs also need financial backing from financial institutions. However, no empirical evidence was found regarding the relationship between formal credit and green entrepreneurship. This analysis is an effort to plug this vacuum into the literature by analyzing the impact of formal credit on green entrepreneurship in high, middle, and low-income economies from 2011 to 2021. The study has employed various econometric techniques such as fixed-effects, random-effects, 2SLS, and GMM. The results show that formal credit substantially develops green entrepreneurship in high, middle, low-income, and full samples. Besides formal credit, GDP, environmental pressure, trade openness, technological development, and human capital are crucial in green entrepreneurship development in all samples. Policymakers may collaborate with financial institutions to create and provide specialized financial products and services catering to green entrepreneurs.

Development Path of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Universities Under the Digital Economy

With the development of digital technology and new models of digital economy, innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities is facing a new development situation. New methods such as online courses, digital platforms, and value co-creation have brought new opportunities and challenges to the content, mode, and mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship education. This paper discusses the content and new opportunities of digital entrepreneurship, analyzes the differences between traditional entrepreneurship and digital entrepreneurship, and puts forward the strategy path of entrepreneurship education under the digital economy.

Impact of social media in the growth and development of digital entrepreneurship in Nigeria

Traditional entrepreneurship is regarded as the process of classifying and expending the prospects that are in the market, transforming the concepts into achievement, performing marketing undertakings to promote an innovativeness, harmonizing ideas and bearing risk and uncertainties that are involved in the business in order to strive for excellence. But, with advent and development of information and communication technology (ICT), the processes and functions performed gradually changed to what we now have as digital entrepreneurship that entrepreneurs use and are getting momentum with the use of social media. Digital entrepreneur is considered independent by accumulating of functionality through digital means, relying on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as well as digital media facilities to discover prospective clients. These facilities accord digital entrepreneur the chance to support their professional ethics outside the confined community using different social media platforms. Digital entrepreneurship encompasses online businesses that individuals create and run which combines business, market knowledge and network technology to reinvent traditional business practices through digitization, creation of a new venture, Transformation of Existing Business, Creating and use of Novel Digital Technologies. This is qualitative research which aims to examine the influence of social media in digital entrepreneurship. It was established in the research that most entrepreneurship fails due to lack of implementing innovative and novel technologies like the social media. The paper found out that those entrepreneurships that embrace the digital technologies succeeds and recommended the usage of social media for the development as well as growth of digital entrepreneurship in Nigeria.

Digital Business Communication in Islamic Perspective on New Entrepreneurship in the Catering Service Sector

Business competition in the digital era causes traditional entrepreneurs to try to develop their businesses by utilizing and maximizing new patterns in building their businesses online. Many businesses use digital or online media to support their business development, for example, by displaying creative content in the form of advertising, publicity, advertorials, direct marketing, and others on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Tiktok, and the other social media. This study on digital business communication was carried out on 14 students and members of the Ulul Albab Islamic Boarding School who participated in the new entrepreneurship development training in the field of catering through the use of social media as a business medium, in order to improve their competence. The descriptive method is used to assess the level of knowledge of the members following training. Data were collected using pre and post-test instruments, focus group discussions with three participants, interviews with administrators, and observations during the training. The results of measuring the effectiveness of the training revealed that it was successful in increasing the knowledge and skills of the participants, the Ulul Albab Islamic Boarding School students, in the areas of creative content, creative photos, digital business communication ethics, and business communication from an Islamic perspective. Social media is used in business, the content consists of food service products produced in Islamic boarding schools.
 Keywords: online media, online business, catering service sector, Pesantren

Confluence of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and digitalization in SMEs

Entrepreneurship has been the focus of business research because of its ability to drive positive change and increase resilience in the economy. Sustainable entrepreneurship is the latest approach that links traditional entrepreneurship with triple-bottom-line principles and has gained institutional support since the UN approved the “2030 Development Agenda.” However, the field of sustainable entrepreneurship is relatively new and continually evolving, with an ongoing debate about its definition, boundaries, and drivers. A model was designed using different estimation techniques, to explore how SMEs and start-ups can adopt long-term sustainability, innovation, and digitalization strategies. This study used data from the Flash Eurobarometer 486 gathered through interviews with 16.365 SMEs in the EU27 and 12 non-EU countries. The findings show that most entrepreneurs do not express interest in a pro-growth agenda, which limits the reach of pro-entrepreneurship and pro-innovation discourse. Furthermore, firms’ youth affect sustainability, not innovation and digitalization dynamics.

Improvement of college students’ generalized anxiety disorder by innovation and entrepreneurship training reform

BackgroundIn the new era, college students are facing more and more job competition, leading to more and more college students suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. The reform of innovation and entrepreneurship training mode is regarded as a way that may help relieve the anxiety symptoms of college students because it can help their employment.Subjects and Methods300 college students were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The control group participated in the traditional entrepreneurship training course, and the experimental group participated in the innovative entrepreneurship training course. They received an 8-week training in innovation and entrepreneurship. This training included career planning guidance, entrepreneurial practice projects, and mental health guidance. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) was used to evaluate the status of students.ResultsThe results showed that the average score of the General anxiety symptom assessment scale of the experimental group decreased from 10.8 before the experiment to 6.2 after the training (P < 0.05). The average score of the control group decreased from 10.9 before the experiment to 9.8 after the training (P < 0.05). In the long-term follow-up, the anxiety symptoms of the experimental group remained at a low level, while the anxiety symptoms of the control group increased significantly.Conclusions It shows that the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship training mode has a positive effect on the improvement of generalized anxiety disorder of college students in the new era.

Understanding social entrepreneurial intention in higher education: does gender and type of study matter?

ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship is a research topic that has received great attention from academics especially in recent years. However, the results in the literature are far from univocal, for example, there is no clear conceptual delimitation of the term, and it is often analyzed using the same theoretical models of traditional entrepreneurship. With the present study, we have attempted to overcome this problem by analyzing different antecedents, closer to the social and emotional universe, and detached from a male-centric and traditional vision of entrepreneurship, with the aim of understanding social entrepreneurial intentions in higher education. Results obtained from a sample of 962 college students showed that prior experience with social problems (PESP) and empathy (EMP) have a significant and positive impact on social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). Furthermore, social self-efficacy (SES-E), moral obligation (MO), and perceived social support (PSS), in addition to directly influencing SEI, mediated the relationship between PESP-SEI, and the relationship between EMP-SEI. More interestingly, gender (male vs female), but not the different type of study (social sciences vs economics and business sciences), moderated the relationship between EMP-SEI to the benefit of women. Given the importance of social entrepreneurship as an alternative solution to the current economic crisis, these are important results because, on the one hand, they make it possible to overcome the male-female gap that characterizes traditional entrepreneurship, on the other, they underline the need to introduce different constructs closer to the social and emotional sphere into entrepreneurship education programs.

Policy entrepreneurship on the street‐level: A systematic literature review

AbstractWhat are the differences between policy entrepreneurship and street‐level policy entrepreneurship? The research on street‐level policy entrepreneurship is still in its infancy, yet in the past few years, it has received greater research attention. This article systematically reviews the current research published on this topic and compares it to previous findings on policy entrepreneurs. Our findings provide an analysis of street‐level policy entrepreneurs' characteristics, motivations, traits, and strategies, differentiating types of street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs). We also find three new strategies unique to SLBs: consistency over time, learning from others, and seeking legitimacy. We conclude by identifying the main differences between traditional entrepreneurs and street‐level entrepreneurs and providing suggestions for further research.