Traditional Educational Institutions Research Articles

Professional Development Effectiveness of E-Learning on Quality of Students’ Performance in Higher Education

Technology has played an important role in education, changing the learning environment’s traditional style. Widespread use of technological devices harnesses the educational process and creates opportunities to make education available everywhere and at any time. E-learning provides a way to manage and overcome challenges faced by traditional higher education institutions by allowing them to be more competitive. This research conducted a case study of Taif University to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning development in the higher education sector, and examined its impact on student performance quality, aiming to identify the important axes for developing higher education e-learning. The study analysed the requirements for developing e-learning and investigated opportunities to build and develop e-learning capabilities in higher education in general and Taif University in particular. Many external and internal influences contribute to e-learning trends in higher education; external funding, tuition fees, technology costs, and education development all influence internal pressure to reduce institutions’ costs. Thus, higher education is turning to e-learning to relieve these pressures, because it significantly reduces costs and improves both learning effectiveness and learning outcomes compared to traditional methods. Despite the advantages of e-learning, some higher education institutions remain in the experimental stages of developing and benefiting from it. This research study the relationships between e-learning difficulties, providing requirements, supporting e-learning, and providing e-learning services in higher education and quality performance.

An Investigation into the Changes and Developments in Teaching Methods Applied in Ottoman Educational Institutions: Sati Bey’s Suggestions and Practices

From the perspective of Turkish education history, it can be said that the teaching methods applied in the educational institutions of the Ottoman Empire had deductive characteristics. The application of the deductive method was carried out in various forms including memorization, repetition, comprehension, discussion and note taking. Since the transfer of lessons in primary schools and madrasahs, which were traditional Ottoman educational institutions, was predominant, memorization as a teaching method was also dominant. Along with the modernization period in the nineteenth century, with innovations in the social, economic and military fields of the Ottoman state, there were also changes and developments in the field of education. After the second Constitutional Monarchy, the Darülmuallimin (the teachers’ school for men), which was established in 1848, started to train more qualified teachers as part of the changes and developments in the historical process. The ideas, suggestions and practices of Sâtı Bey, the principal of the teachers' school in that period, as the key implementer of these changes are still considered important today. In this study, the necessity, importance and characteristics of the methods of takrir (‘explaining’) and tekşif (‘discovering’) in Satı Bey's thinking as opposed to memorization are emphasized. The findings show that the discovering method is more useful than the explaining method in terms of permanent learning as an alternative to memorization. Another finding of the present study is that methods of explaining and discovering cannot be applied in every academic course.

Modelling Waqf Performance and Governance for Public Universities in Malaysia

Islamic philanthropy in Malaysian education system has been well rooted in religion-based traditional educational institutions. Currently, Waqf and Endowment (WAE) grow rapidly at higher education institutions as an income generation and a long-term financial sustainability initiative. The initiative is as a result of budget cut by 20 percent for public universities since 2016 and 2017 but no raise in fee is allowed. This initiative is in line to recommendation in the University Transformation Programme (UniTP), Purple Book shift No 5, the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education). Being a non-profit organization, the performance of WAE in Malaysian public universities is expected to be different as compared to commercial entities. The importance of having WAE performance measurement may include the economy, effectiveness and efficiency aspects of its activities towards the intended objectives. The method of the study is based on documents review on performance although the literatures on WAE performance measurement in higher education institution is still lacking. As such, the need to develop a holistic model that covers both aspect of performance measurement and good governance are required consistent with the vision of establishment of WAE to act as one of a perpetual financial source for universities. Hence, this research aimed to propose Waqf Performance Measurement and Governance Model used to evaluate WAE’s reliability and performance in Malaysian public universities. Future research is required to test and verify this model on the initial sample from waqf institutes in public universities. The expected finding of this study is this model can become as a main reference in measuring the performance of WAE in Malaysian public universities embedded with good governance principles, that could result the positive implications in strengthening the WAE’s credibility and stakeholder confidence for universities financial sustainability.

Public health pedagogy and digital misinformation: Health professional influencers and the politics of expertise

This article asks: ‘To what extent can health professional influencers function as health pedagogues, educating their audiences and protecting public health in an era of digital misinformation?’ The article teases out that question by applying Content Analysis and Framing Analysis to a selection of TikTok and Instagram posts by Dr Michael Mrozinski, a Scottish general practitioner who is based in Australia. The posts seek to debunk online misinformation and provide facts regarding COVID-19. Mrozinski's social media content exemplifies what the article terms ‘public health pedagogy’ (PHP) – pedagogy that is informed by public health principles and that is undertaken outside traditional educational institutions. The article also asks: ‘How exactly does Mrozinski respond to misinformation actors and to what extent does this diminish the effectiveness of his PHP?’ The article investigates whether Mrozinski's hostility towards these actors actually invokes stereotypes of medical experts as elitist and uncaring. Those stereotypes are commonly expounded by misinformation and conspiracy actors.

Historical Aspects of the Colonial Education System in the South Kazakhstan Region

The article is devoted to a factual analysis of the history of the activities of the colonial authorities in reforming the education system in the Turkestan region. After the completion of the occupation in the region, the colonial authorities faced such problems as strengthening the border; creating conditions for Russian settlers; a sharp increase in cotton production; establishing the political stability of the local Muslim population; reforming the education system. Among these problems, the article presents a historiographical and factual analysis of attempts to form the colonial education system. The education policy of the authorities, which served the imperial interests, was to displace the traditional education system in the region. It was suggested that traditional educational institutions were excluded from government support due to the fact that the authorities adhered to the principle of «neglect» in relation to Islam and religious schools. The modernized forms of education in the region of Russian-foreign schools have replaced the traditional ones. An analysis of the experience of reform changes implemented by the educational policy of the colonial authorities showed that the modernization of the education system was subordinated to the imperial interest. It was concluded that the educational activity of the jadit movement formed in the region was presented as an alternative to the colonial educational reforms. In addition, data on the impact of Jadid ideas on educational activities in the south of Kazakhstan were analyzed.

INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL MANAGEMENT AS EDUCATIONAL THEORY AND PRACTICE

The article considers innovative pedagogical management as a means of transforming pedagogical systems into a qualitatively new state, as a tool for building a new, more prosperous and developed society as a whole. The main changes that every manager needs to make if he wants his educational institution to be able to fully realize its potential are outlined.
 Innovative pedagogical management involves solving two interrelated tasks: first, the management of technological, organizational and economic innovations; secondly, managing the process of development and distribution of new highly effective pedagogical technologies, new methods, techniques and tools of teaching, education and personal development. Its characteristic features are systemic, collegiality, democracy, flexibility in the preparation, adoption and implementation of management decisions and more.
 In today's dynamic environment, the long-term effectiveness of the educational institution is increasingly dependent on targeted changes that are continuous, affecting the mode of its operation by the management of controlled adjustments to preset statistical indicators. To achieve recognition and satisfaction of students, parents, the public, the head of a modern educational institution must not only create a functioning system that works in a certain, consistently repetitive mode, but also be able to update it and thus bring it into dynamic balance or harmony with changing environments.
 The authors study the process of creating and using educational innovations, emphasizing the importance of translating it from spontaneous to purposeful, planned. It is shown that the main directions and tasks of innovative management should be considered: development and implementation of a unified innovation policy; defining a system of strategies, projects, programs; resource provision and control over the course of innovation activity; training and education of teachers; formation of target teams, groups that implement solutions to innovation projects, creating an innovation environment.
 The content of innovative pedagogical management in the educational institution involves, firstly, a targeted policy on the organization of education based on new information technologies in traditional educational institutions, and secondly, the development of new types of organizational structures, institutional forms characteristic of modern education. Formation and development of the system of innovative pedagogical management is evolutionary in nature and is achieved through the coordinated actions of the entire teaching staff.

Management Of Distance Education Degree Program At The Indonesian Dual Mode University

Indonesia needs much more traditional higher education institutions offering distance education (DE) degree programs. However, there is little in the literature that can be used as reference on how to plan and implement the DE program in the Indonesian context. This study aims to help fill the gap in the knowledge by investigating the management of two DE degree programs at two traditional campus universities in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and document reviews using the collective case study approach. The collected data were then analyzed individually within case and across cases to identify similarities and differences. Evidence shows that the decision to open a DE degree program was based on a careful assessment of its market potentials and its compatibility with the institution’s vision and mission. In addition to having clear goal and strategy, the program was also planned, implemented and evaluated in a manner suitable with the unique characteristics of distance education. The results of this study could be used as reference by other universities considering or planning to open a DE degree program.

The Development of Hamka Islamic Thought

This study aims to find and describe the biography and thought of Hamka. This research uses historical methods using a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used are library studies and documentation. Hamka is a unique intellectual figure. The uniqueness ofa lies in the fact that although it is a product of traditional educational institutions, it nevertheless has generalistic and modern insights. Hamka is an intellectual figure (modernist) who is always concerned about seeing various problems of the people and through his various writings, Hamka seeks to "enlighten" from the sluggishness of the intellectual dynamics and religious understanding of Muslims.

Problem Based Learning in Islamic Religious Education: The Case of the Indonesian Pesantren

Many researchers have applied PBL (Problem Based Learning) in various educational institutions and various scientific fields. However, not many of them use PBL in the field of religious education. This study attempts to describe the PBL model that has been applied in Indonesian pesantrens in Islamic religious education. Pesantrens are traditional Indonesian Islamic religious education institutions that emphasize Islamic religious education and character development. Three things are the focus of this research: the objectives of PBL in pesantrens, the design of PBL problems in pesantrens, and the PBL phase in pesantrens. This research was conducted using the case study method on one of the largest pesantren in Indonesia, the al-Anwar Pesantren, located in Karangmangu, Sarang, Rembang, Indonesia. Research results show that PBL in pesantrens had been implemented in the form of bahth al-masa’il (lit. problem discourse). Viewed from the aspect of purpose, pesantrens’ PBL places more emphasis on deepening the understanding of classical Islamic texts, while in the problem design, problems of PBL are not being designed by teachers, but are proposed and chosen instead by the students themselves. Meanwhile, in the phase aspect, pesantrens’ PBL gives more autonomy and responsibility to students to carry out the learning process independently.

NEW TRANSFORMATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AFTER THE ISSUE OF GLOBAL TERRORISM: TOLERANCE NARRATIVE STUDY OF CONSERVATIVE ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS IN INDONESIA

Indonesian Islamic education institutions have thrived in the shadow of global terrorism for more than two decades. Global terrorism has now become the driving force behind the change of conservative Islamic education institutions. This study aimed to examine the new transformation of Islamic educational institutions, mainly orthodox boarding schools, prior to the issue of global terrorism. This study dove into the transformation through a shift in conservative boarding schools’ arguments related to the narrative of tolerance. This study was conducted through an empirical study using a qualitative-exploratory approach to several conservative Islamic boarding schools. This study suggested that traditional Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia are becoming more tolerant than in the past. There are three distinct types of tolerance: passive tolerance, active tolerance, and transformative tolerance.The pesantren has demonstrated tolerance thus far by essentially accepting differences and not disrupting others (passive tolerance). Currently, conservative pesantren engage in various social activities of tolerance, including assisting non-Muslims, fostering ties with other religious leaders, and permitting the construction of buildings of worship of other religions inside the Muslim community. Some of these elements are a small portion of the recently little-known active and transforming tolerance of conservative pesantren.

Balanced Education According to Imam Al-Zarnuji

In traditional educational institutions, Ta‘līm al-Muta‘allim Tariq Al-Ta’allum by Imam Al-Zarnuji has a great influence in the field of teaching and learning, especially in the formation of the ethics of students when acquiring knowledge. This influence causes this book to be often studied in terms of the concept of science and pedagogy of education. But on the other hand, the importance of the balance of thought and behavior from a cognitive and moral point of view has not yet been studied in depth; whereas the goal of education according to Al-Zarnuji’s view is to produce human beings with personality and wisdom. Thus, education must lead to the development of human qualities in terms of intellectual, emotional, and spiritual balance. This study using a qualitative method with a content analysis approach seeks to explore the philosophy of integrated education contained in this book authored by Imam Al-Zarnuji. The results of the study found that monotheistic awareness is the main foundation in education because it not only stimulates the cognitive domain, but also the affective domain. With high awareness, man is not only able to perform his responsibilities to God which refers to vertical practices but is also able to perform his responsibilities to other human beings which refers to horizontal practices. Thus, it can be said that the philosophy of education emphasized by Al-Zarnuji in his writings is education based on a holistic view of knowledge.

Eksistensi dan Revitalisasi Pesantren di Era 4.0


 Pesantren is the oldest traditional Islamic educational institution in Indonesia. The rapid development of the current of globalization requires pesantren to make changes and developments in order to maintain their existence in society. This study aims to examine the revitalization of the existence of Islamic boarding schools in the 4.0 era by using the library research method, namely research conducted through data collection that is library in nature. The results of this study indicate that the existence of Islamic boarding schools still exists in the midst of globalization, which can be seen from several indicators, namely (1) Moral values ​​remain the guide and reference in all activities and become the main point of the education system developed in it. (2) as a functional educational institution, Islamic boarding schools are able to provide answers to various problems faced by the community. (3) the pesantren education system is quite anticipatory to the needs of the community, (4) Islamic boarding schools always modernize their education system by not only teaching religious sciences, but also teaching general subjects in the national education system. (5) modern pesantren education does not exclude technology education. (6) Islamic boarding school students are given lessons to solve problems in elegant and civilized ways. Efforts that can be developed in an effort to revitalize the existence of Islamic boarding schools include building digital literacy in Islamic boarding schools, and creating channels for Islamic studies.
 Keywords: revitalization, pesantren, era 4.0

ISLAMIC EDUCATION PARADIGM ON RELIGIOUS UNDERSTANDING IN INDONESIA (A CASE STUDY AT ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL OF AL-MUAYYAD SURAKARTA)

This research stems from the anxiety that Islamic boarding schools seen as Islamic educational institutions have different understandings in interpreting religious teachings, so their actualization in society is also different. Al-Muayyad Islamic Boarding School is more moderate, thus it is highlighted as an Islamic educational institution used as a breeding ground for terrorism. This research aims to determine the concept and the implications of education and religious understanding at Islamic Boarding School of Al-Muayyad Surakarta in the community. The type of this research applied descriptive qualitative method of field studies. The data collection used observation, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, the analysis employed the interpretation of cohesion with the verstehen method. This method means an interpretation attempted to explain the observed sociological phenomena in accordance with the meaning given by the object being observed.
 The results indicate that the Al-Muayyad Islamic Boarding School as a traditional Islamic educational institution aims to understand and practice Islamic teachings by emphasizing moral values. The concept of Islamic education implemented by Al-Muayyad Islamic Boarding School is in the process of creating integrated values and students’ personalities. First, the commitment of Islamic education to tafaqquh fi al-din. Second, long term education. Third, the concept of integrative education. Fourth, to display the concept of Islamic education as a whole. Al-Muayyad as a salafiyah Islamic Education places Islam as a manhaj al-fikr, building an Islamic character that is tawasuth and inclusive. Aswaja as manhaj al-fikr provides a frame in the creation of Islam respecting tradition, pluralism, tolerance, democracy and other humanistic values in accordance with the concept of maqashid al-syariah which includes five basic human rights. The concept of jihad is comprehended as a form of attitude and response to existing human values, in addition to Al-Muayyad as a sub-culture of society.

A SURAU IN THE RANTAU MINANGKABAU REGION: Portrait of Traditional Islamic Educational Institutions in West Pasaman

The study aims to expose the pattern of education in surau as a traditional islamic education institution located in the minangkabau chain, west Pasaman. The pattern of education is seen in terms of the many aspects of education, educators, participants, materials and learning methods used. The western surau region is interesting because it is demographic in the west sumatran region, with its multicultural population, such as minang, mandailing, Java, and Batak, but surau as a traditional islamic education institute minangkabau continues to exist in this area. This type of research is qualitative with observation, interviews, and documentaries. The subject of this study is scholars and teachers who teach in surau, public and tribal leaders, children and youth. The study found, first, surau in the western market continues to exist on a broad scale, namely, education for children, youth, adult parents, and elderly parents. Second, educators who teach are clerics of religious science who have studied at islamic institutions such as madrasarah, boarding schools, or islamic colleges. Fourth, materials that are taught mostly islamic studies, for the children's level emphasize on reading the Qur'an, youth associated with the development of Islamic Religious Education at the school/madrasah, for the parents of the taklim council emphasize on understanding the basics of akidah and guidance in practical worship, while parents and older ones place greater emphasis on tasawuf studies by the suluk method. The research has contributed to a study of the original islamic education institute of minangkabau that exists in branches that are already in contact with other ethnic groups, such as in the West Pasaman.
 Keywords : traditional education, Surau, west Pasaman

MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES(MOOCS) AND INDIAN EDUCATION

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) enrollment has grown significantly in recent years. After the US, India is leading the world in enrollment growth in MOOCs Programme. India has initiated a number of programmes to provide MOOC courses in response to the rising enrollment from the nation and to meet their educational needs. As an alternative to physically attending classes at a traditional educational institution, online learning technology, which is now a fundamental requirement of modern civilization, is also developing into an affordable, practical information provider as well as a provider of professional courses and educational degrees and this option has just been available through MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), particularly in India. India now uses NPTEL, mooKIT, IITBX, and SWAYAM as its course delivery platforms. This paper discusses the aspects of these platforms and provides a theoretical background and technological underpinning for them. The implementation of MOOCs in India and the main obstacles need to be addressed to make the programme a great success.

The Social, Political, and Cultural Perspective of Islamic Education in Palembang Malay: A Continuous Evaluation from the Dutch Colonial Period to Today

This study presents the historical concept of Islamic culture and Islamic teachings/education in the Malay Archipelagos of Indonesia while reviewing Islamic culture and teachings/education research. It also describes Islamic education's evolution in Malay from the Dutch Colonial Period to the modern digital world from various social, political, and cultural perspectives. A library and normative research approach were conducted using descriptive-qualitative secondary data analysis. This study used secondary data from books, journals, institutional reports, research, and the internet. The results revealed that, during the Sultanate of Palembang, the traditional Islamic educational system and institution prevailed in Palembang, but after the colonial government came to power, Islamic education was marginalized. Today, numerous Islamic educational institutions in Palembang have transformed the system and institution of Islamic education in this region, starting from teaching religion at home, langar, or the mosque. Moreover, nowadays, the digital world has opened more horizons for informal and instant interactions between Islamic scholars and the community to learn about Islam and follow Islamic teachings, which provide a complete code of conduct.

Philosophy of Striving and Making a Living in Institutions of Traditional Studies

Institutions of traditional learning (pondok) are often considered as places to acquire the sciences of the hereafter. On the other hand, the statement seems to illustrate that the students brought up in the institution are not concerned with worldly matters. The learning curriculum is said not to care about the function of the mind but instead makes students passive and only follow what is presented by the teacher. Using a content analysis approach, this study pays attention to the content of the book Ta’alim Al-Muta’allim written by Imam Al-Zarnuji. This book is a guide for the citizens of traditional educational institutions whether in terms of curriculum, aspects of teaching and learning, and ethics of life. The main objective of this study is to see whether the use of the book can influence positive thinking and lifestyle that not only think about the question of the hereafter but also perform the responsibilities that need to be fulfilled in the world. The results of the study found that the content of the book not only focuses on educational practice, but also encourages students to earn a living but with good intentions, especially to increase knowledge. In other words, students are not taught to sideline worldly affairs but still need to be aware of worldly affairs but with a high awareness that every job must be based on the importance of worship and be able to meet the needs of the hereafter.

Studies in the Experience of Philosophical and Anthropological Analysis of Digital Education in the Realm of Digital Technologies

The article deals with the problem of the influence of the digitalization of education on human consciousness and the development trends of modern society. The main approaches of modern philosophy to the formation processes of the world educational space are under research. The authors set themselves the goal of identifying the most important consequences of these processes for human consciousness and the evolution of society. The article discusses the impact of digital education on the structure and functions of traditional educational institutions and the modern human consciousness; attention is paid to the consequences of the digitalization of education for such a historically established social group as the professional intelligentsia (clerisy). The analysis of the problem concludes that a fundamentally new model of the transmission of social experience and scientific knowledge is emerging in the modern world educational space. Traditional educational institutions like schools and universities are giving way to a whole system of network structures. This process is accompanied by the deinstitutionalization of education, the departure of education from some of its historical functions, such as the reproduction of the traditional worldview, the decline in the social status of a university diploma, and the transformation of the clerisy.

Establishment of provincial darülmuallimin-i sıbyan in the Ottoman Empire: Adana Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan (1892-1908)

In the multinational Ottoman Empire, different ethnic communities gave education according to their own language, tradition and religious beliefs in the educational institutions they established. In this context, Muslim Turks, who were the founding elements of the Ottoman Empire, also established their own educational institutions. Traditionally, Muslim Turks were educated in madrasahs and sıbyan schools (primary schools). These educational institutions were based on rote learning and partially dependent on Shaykh al-Islam in terms of their educational understanding and system. In the 19th century, innovations were made to save the disintegrating state. Innovations were also made in the field of education, and Ottoman junior high schools were opened in 1838, apart from traditional education institutions. The newly opened high school were tried to be kept out of the traditional education system and understanding. For this reason, the different course curriculum and application applied in high school is called the New Method. Darülmuallimin (Teacher's School) was opened in 1848 in order to train teachers equipped to implement the New Method. However, the known inadequacy of primary schools was seen once again in the inadequacy of students who came to secondary schools. Innovations at the Sıbyan level have become irrecusable. For this reason, usul-i cedit was tried to be spread in the ibtidai schools opened at the primary education level. Then, Darulmuallimin-i Sıbyan (The School of Primary Teachers’ Training) was opened in 1868 to train teachers for primary schools. Primary schools and Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyans opened in Istanbul were tried to be popularized in the provinces. In this context, a secondary school and a primary school were opened in Adana in 1880 and Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan School in 1892. While teachers were trained in a new way in Adana Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan school, existing teachers and village imams were trained in a way that can be called in-service training. However, Adana Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan was not very popular and did not have many students. This study is primarily a historical one, and the establishment of Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan in Adana and why it did not have many students and the problems that arose were examined based on archival documents. The establishment and development of Adana Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan School between the years 1892-1908 has been tried to be explained in a cause-effect relationship with a historical perspective. In the study, Ottoman archive documents, educational yearbooks and Adana province yearbooks were used. In addition, copyrighted works were also used.

The moderating role of culture in self-efficacy and approach to learning of students

PurposeThis study aims to explore the moderating effect of culture on students’ self-efficacy (SE) and learning approach.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 437 students from culturally and pedagogically different higher education institutions was conducted. The relationship between SE, culture and approaches to learning was examined using statistical analysis.FindingsThe results showed that the students from traditional learning environments demonstrated high SE and resorted to deep learning. The culture of an institution moderated SE and approaches to the learning of students.Practical implicationsThis study calls for bringing out the best from pedagogical approaches followed by different types of institutions to build a culture that promotes deep learning in the true sense. This research has implications for teachers, policymakers and practitioners in the higher education sector.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is one of the first studies to draw a cultural comparison of traditional and modern higher education institutions.