Traditional Development Process Research Articles

Application and development of MBSE in aerospace

MBSE (Model-Based Systems Engineering), as the representation of digital technology, has achieved effective management of system complexity through model-centric means, and a state of coordination and matching with modern complex engineering systems. On the basis of introducing the background of MBSE and the overview of MBSE practice in the aerospace field, two typical application cases of MBSE in the domestic and foreign were analyzed. In order to provide reference for the application of MBSE in the aerospace field, suggestions and conclusions on the development of MBSE application in China were put forward: the integration of traditional development process and MBSE method, the consistency understanding of system model, and the integration ability of system model and domain model.

Folk Theories of Online Dating: Exploring People’s Beliefs About the Online Dating Process and Online Dating Algorithms

How do online daters come to understand and make sense of their online dating experiences and the algorithms that underlie online dating platforms? Across two mixed-method studies, we take a metaphoric approach to identify and explore people’s folk theories about traditional dating, online dating, and online dating algorithms. In Study 1, we take a quantitative approach and use an innovative wiki-survey procedure to identify individuals’ folk theories of online dating and their associated themes through content analyses. In Study 2, we take a qualitative approach, exploring participants’ folk theories through in-depth interviews, extended case method, and grounded theory. Our studies uncovered two folk theories unique to traditional dating ( movies, nurturing), one folk theory unique to online dating ( game), three folk theories related to online dating algorithms ( filter, personalized advertisements, bracket), and two folk theories that were found to overlap between traditional and online dating ( shopping, chance and randomness). Our findings provide novel insights into how daters make sense of traditional and online relationship development processes as well as the algorithms that underlie online dating platforms.

Exploring potential impacts for early involvement of interior design in the early land development stage - Studying Taiwan Cosmos Group’s hotel development

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to promote the importance of interior design during the early land development stage so that unnecessary design revisions and extra construction costs and time could be avoided. Traditionally, procedural architectural and interior conceptual design proposal is often used by developers when applying the land development permit. Due to land development financing and time pressure, this procedural design proposal often contains the brief site and floor plans, elevations, sections, and information to meet the local planning and regulation. However, after the license has been obtained, the discrepancies between submitted procedural design and actual functions are often identified by the hotel development stakeholders, hence revisions and extra costs are required. To explore the potential impacts of it, 48 semi-structured and unstructured interviews have been conducted. The process revealed how group experience helped decision-making at various stages of land development, design, construction, operation management and the potential impacts of traditional land development process. The results showed that the early involvement of interior design with hotel development and operational teams will enable an integrated design and production delivery process, a sustainable hotel development and efficient financing can then be achieved and applied to the future similar practice.

QbD Approach: A Framework for Integrating Quality into Pharmaceutical Products

Introduction: The traditional development processes use a quality by testing (QbT) approach that needs continuous testing to determine quality. Such processes are fixed, averse to change, and focus only on process reproducibility. This approach does not allow variation in material and process controls. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional process, regulatory bodies have issued guidelines for the industries to improve the understanding of the process and the quality of the product. It aims to shift from traditional process QbT to a scientific approach quality by design (QbD) to assure product quality in the pharmaceutical industry.
 Methodology: Articles related to QbD published in many search engines such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed were reviewed.
 Review Findings: In order to ensure the quality of pharmaceutical products, regulatory bodies have emphasized on the implementation of QbD. For this, various guidelines have been published from time to time. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has started to apply the principles of QbD. Implementation of QbD develops a detailed understanding of the manufacturing process. The design space is achieved by QbD within which the expected quality is achieved even with changes in process parameters.
 Conclusion: In short, the QbD approach is a great tool for assuring pharmaceutical product quality and better understanding of the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is imperative to have a successful implementation of the QbD approach.

A Comprehensive Review of Drug Repurposing Strategies against Known Drug Targets of COVID-19

Drug repurposing is a more inexpensive and shorter approach than the traditional drug discovery and development process. The concept of identifying a potent molecule from a library of pre-existing molecules or an already approved drug has become a go-to tactic to accelerate the identification of drugs that can prevent COVID-19. This seemingly uncontrollable disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is a novel virus of the Betacoronavirus genus, exhibiting similarities to the previously reported SAR-CoV genome structure and viral pathogenesis. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the rapid outbreak of COVID-19 have resulted in a global pandemic. Researchers are hard-pressed to develop new drugs for total containment of the disease, thus making the cost-effective drug repurposing a much more feasible approach. Therefore, the current review attempts to collate both the experimental and computational drug repurposing strategies that have been utilized against significant drug targets of SARS-CoV-2. Along with the strategies, the available druggable targets shall also be discussed. However, the occurrence of frequent recombination of the viral genome and time-bound primary analysis, resulting in insignificant data, are two major challenges that drug repurposing still faces.

The Value Creation Determinants of the Global Software Engineering Industry

Every requirement in the software application does not add value to the end users equally where the stakeholders are benefited through them. Majority of the current software engineering practices are formed and done in a value neutral way. With the recent demand for the global software engineering, many organizations have decided to either initiate their own technology centers in the low-cost countries or to partner with outsourced companies to get the benefits of it. However, the practitioners tried applying the traditional software development processes without a proper customization of them to best suit for the distributed teams. Due to the nature of this industry, those traditional processes have further eroded the value with unnecessary checkpoints and gates. This research therefore was carried out to identify the value creation dimensions and their influence creating value with special reference the global software engineering industry. For that, a systematic literature review was carried out and findings were categorized to five areas based on the research questions. They are benefit realization in the delivery process, eliciting and reconciling the requirements for stakeholder value proposition, business case analysis against the business processes, assessment of the value, risk, and opportunity through the frameworks and finally value based monitoring and control through the software development methodology. Mapping the development processes against these areas can change the value addition on the global software engineering industry.

Legitimacy in municipal experimental governance: questioning the public good in urban innovation practices

ABSTRACT Urban experiments, living labs and testbeds have emerged as influential approaches to governing cities around the world. Experimental governance allows stakeholders to trial possible futures and to embrace creativity and innovation in the pursuit of sustainability goals. Experiments are often conducted through triple helix partnerships that favour informal and distributed actions. This is a significant departure from traditional urban development processes that are informed by well-defined processes executed by public authorities to ensure the public good and are legitimated by citizens. In this paper, we investigate this tension between experimental governance and public sector legitimacy by focusing on experimental practices in two Swedish municipalities, Stockholm and Gothenburg. We gathered data through a desk-based study, participant observations and semi-structured interviews with municipal actors to investigate the input, throughput and output legitimacy of municipalities in experimental governance. The findings indicate that municipalities emphasise actions and results from experiments, while de-emphasising reflection and attention to democratic procedures and protection of the public good. The focus on legitimacy reveals the fragmented and instrumental practices of experimental governance and a deficit in organizational capacity with potential detrimental impacts on legitimacy.

A Study on the Traditional Sports Culture Thought and Development Process of Elephant Foot Drum of Dai Nationality in China

본 연구는 중국 태족 상각고에 내재된 특성과 가치 등을 파악하고, 이를 통해 스포츠 문화 콘텐츠로 개발하여 지역활성화를 위한 실천 방안을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 태족 상각고 문화는태족 사회 발전의 결과로써, 민족 생존의 필요, 전쟁 및 종교의 영향, 민족숭배, 정신과 오락의 생활수요, 문화교류의수요 등을 포함한다. 이에 따라 태족상 각고의 기원 및 과정 분석은 자연요인, 사회요인, 문화요인 등 세 가지 측면으로각각 분류되었다. 둘째, 태족 상각고의 미적 특징으로는 조형미와 동적미로 도출되었다. 상각고의 미적 특징은 정적인모습뿐만 아니라 역동성을 포함하고 있는 것으로 나타났다, 또한, 태족 상각고 문화의 가치로는 체력향상을 통한건강증진, 레저‧오락 기능, 교육 기능, 민족 정체성 함양으로 도출되었다. 셋째, 태족 상각고 문화의 발전 방안으로는보존과 전승, 관련 정책 및 법규 제정, 태족 상각고 컨텐츠 발굴 및 개발, 홍보 강화가 필요한 것으로 나타났다

Design and Practice of Software Architecture in Agile Development

Software architecture design is a very critical part of the software development process. In order to be able to respond to changes in user requirements in software development in a timely manner, a convenient and lightweight development model should be adopted. Agile development adopts a human-oriented, step-by-step development process that can quickly respond to changes in software requirements, adjust the design of software architecture in a timely manner and adapt to software development in a dynamic environment. Based on the analysis and comparison of traditional development process and agile development process, this paper analyzes the key technologies in agile architecture design and proposes a software architecture design method based on agile development mode.

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Process Parameters for Shape Deviation Control of Polyamide 6 Using Taguchi Method.

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing (AM) process for producing parts. For industries to gain a competitive advantage, reducing product development cycle time is a basic goal. As a result, industries’ attention has turned away from traditional product development processes toward rapid prototyping techniques. Because different process parameters employed in this method significantly impact the quality of FFF manufactured parts, it is essential to optimize FFF process parameters to enhance component quality. The paper presents optimization of fused filament fabrication process parameters to improve the shape deviation such as cylindricity and circularity of 3D printed parts with the Taguchi optimization method. The effect of thickness, infill pattern, number of walls, and layer height was investigated as variable parameters for experiments on cylindricity and circularity. The MarkForged® used Nylon White (PA6) to create the parts. ANOVA and the S/N ratio are also used to evaluate and optimize the influence of chosen factors. As a result, it was concluded that the hexagonal infill pattern, the thickness of 5 mm, wall layer of 2, and a layer height of 1.125 mm were known to be the optimal process parameters for circularity and cylindricity in experiments. Then a linear regression model was created to observe the relationship between the control variables with cylindricity and circularity. The results were confirmed by a confirmation test.

Part-II- in silico drug design: application and success

Abstract In silico tools have indeed reframed the steps involved in traditional drug discovery and development process and the term in silico has become a familiar term in pharmaceutical sector like the terms in vitro and in vivo. The successful design of HIV protease inhibitors, Saquinavir, Indinavir and other important medicinal agents, initiated interest of researchers in structure based drug design approaches (SBDD). The interactions between biomolecules and a ligand, binding energy, free energy and stability of biomolecule-ligand complex can be envisioned and predicted by applying molecular docking studies. Protein-ligand, protein-protein, DNA-ligand interactions etc. aid in elucidating molecular level mechanisms of drug molecules. In the Ligand based drug design (LBDD) approaches, QSAR studies have tremendously contributed to the development of antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial agents. In the recent years, multiQSAR (mt-QSAR) approaches have been successfully employed for designing drugs against multifactorial diseases. Output of a research in several instances is rewarding when both SBDD and LBDD approaches are combined. Application of in silico studies for prediction of pharmacokinetics was once a real challenge but one can see unlimited number publications comprising tools, data bases which can accurately predict almost all the pharmacokinetic parameters. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, transporters, blood brain barrier permeability, hERG toxicity, P-gp affinity and several toxicological end points can be accurately predicted for a candidate molecule before its synthesis. In silico approaches are greatly encouraged a result of growing limitations and new legislations related to the animal use for research. The combined use of in vitro data and in silico tools will definitely decrease the use of animal testing in the future.In this chapter, in silico approaches and their applications are reviewed and discussed giving suitable examples.

Exploring organizational learning and experimental logistics development at the global fashion retailer H&M

AbstractA logistics learning capability based on an experimental “test‐and‐learn” approach holds the key to unlock logistics operations as a major competitive weapon in the current landscape of retailing. The purpose of this study is to empirically explore the characteristics of such a logistics learning capability, and to describe the corresponding logistics development practices. The research is based on an action research approach conducted at the Swedish fashion retailer H&M. During a period of 18 months, data has been collected through observations, informal discussions and interviews, and findings have been refined in two major cycles. The case of H&M offers insights into real existing learning and development practices at a retail company that operates in a highly competitive and complex retail landscape, characterized in particular by its process towards improved omni‐channel practices. The findings elaborate the four logistics learning components of culture, structure, relationships, and speed. Furthermore, five of H&M's logistics development practices are described and defined as experimental logistics development. In contrast to traditional development processes in which analysis is followed by lengthy linear implementation and evaluation phases, these practices are characterized by an experimental, “test‐and‐learn” approach with short feedback loops and iterative development processes.

SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORIAL: Next Generation ICTs - How distant is ubiquitous computing?

Traditional design development processes have come a long way from the use of drawing boards. The accelerated use of ICT-based digital systems means that the industry has steadily moved towards a digitized future. A future where increasingly unstructured information is created, shared, manipulated, stored, and archived in various digital media support the four pillars of visualization, integration, communication, and intelligence on which typical construction projects currently stand. The ICT field's growth, combined with the unprecedented advances in communication and network media usage, has resulted in hyper-interconnectivity globally. This hyper-connectivity through developments such as the Internet of Things (IoT) creates global opportunities for collaboration, which was not previously possible. It links 'human' and 'social' networks with 'technical' systems. With the vast volumes of digitally connected systems and the systems' data, new opportunities for learning have surfaced in the construction domain. The special issue targeted the state-of-the-art developments of next generation ICTs in the global arena. As with any new developments, new opportunities emerge and new challenges surface. The cautious late majority and the laggards, adopt a skeptical approach, that which is reserved and strewn in doubt. The innovators and the early majority on the other hand pave the way to technology adoption and help drive change in the industry. This special issue recognises that the emergence of next-generation ICTs, combined with developments in ubiquitous computing, presentopportunities that challenge the current status quo of the construction sector. This special issue recognizes that for an industry to remain truly competitive, due consideration need to be given to the ongoing and emerging technological developments, and a deep understanding of which would lead to novel responsive approaches for their significant uptake. The collection of papers in this special issue gives a comprehensive overview of research and developments in the field of next-generation ICTs. It bridges the gap between the two domains of construction and computer science. Of the ten papers in this collection, two (by Akamu et al, and Karmarkar and Delhi) were invited papers and include a world view on thewider applicability of next-generation ICTs in the construction domain, the opportunities they present and the challenges that emerge. The remaining papers, amongst other aspects, cover theinnovative application of next-gen ICTs in specific industry sectors(e.g., in the water industry by Alani et al, 2021)or in meeting specific project goals such as to manage energy consumption (Watfa et al), improve information retrieval (Wang et al), integrate AR and BIM for specific building submission processes (Schranz et al), identify challenges to collaborative working within globally dispersed virtual project teams (Anderson and Ramalingam), and ontology for robot navigation and data fusion (Karimi et al).

Forecasting fully vaccinated people against COVID-19 and examining future vaccination rate for herd immunity in the US, Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, and the World

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) has spread rapidly all over the world and it is known that the most effective way to eliminate the disease is vaccination. Although the traditional vaccine development process is quite long, more than ten COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use in about a year. The COVID-19 vaccines that have been administered are highly effective enough, but achieving herd immunity is required to end the pandemic. The motivation of this study is to contribute to review the countries’ vaccine policies and adjusting the manufacturing plans of the vaccine companies. In this study, the total number of people fully vaccinated against COVID-19 was forecasted in the US, Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, and the World with the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, which is a new approach in vaccination studies. Additionally, for herd immunity, the percentage of fully vaccinated people in these regions at the beginning of 2021 summer was determined. ARIMA results show that in the US, Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, and the World will reach 139 million, 109 million, 127 million, 8 million, 38 million, and 441 million people will be fully vaccinated on 1 June 2021, respectively. According to these results, 41.8% of the US, 2.3% of Asia, 17% of Europe, 0.6% of Africa, 8.8% of South America, and 5.6% of the World population will be fully vaccinated people against the COVID-19. Results show that countries are far from the herd immunity threshold level desired to reach for safely slow or stop the COVID-19 epidemic.

An integrative network-based approach for drug target indication expansion.

The identification of a target-indication pair is regarded as the first step in a traditional drug discovery and development process. Significant investment and attrition occur during discovery and development before a molecule is shown to be safe and efficacious for the selected indication and becomes an approved drug. Many drug targets are functionally pleiotropic and might be good targets for multiple indications. Methodologies that leverage years of scientific contributions on drug targets to allow systematic evaluation of other indication opportunities are critical for both patients and drug discovery and development scientists. We introduced a network-based approach to systematically screen and prioritize disease indications for drug targets. The approach fundamentally integrates disease genomics data and protein interaction network. Further, the methodology allows for indication identification by leveraging state-of-art network algorithms to generate and compare the target and disease subnetworks. We first evaluated the performance of our method on recovering FDA approved indications for 15 randomly selected drug targets. The results showed superior performance when compared with other state-of-art approaches. Using this approach, we predicted novel indications supported by literature evidence for several highly pursued drug targets such as IL12/IL23 combination. Our results demonstrated a potential global approach for indication expansion strategies. The proposed methodology enables rapid and systematic evaluation of both individual and combined drug targets for novel indications. Additionally, this approach provides novel insights on expanding the role of genes and pathways for developing therapeutic intervention strategies.

A computational drug repositioning model based on hybrid similarity side information powered graph neural network

Computational drug repositioning technology aims to rediscover the potential use of drugs already on the market and can significantly accelerate the traditional drug development process, reducing significant drug development costs and drug development instabilityIn this work, in order to capture valid and robust hidden feature representations of drugs and diseases, we introduce a new computational drug relocation model, HSSIGNN, based on hybrid similarity side information powered graph neural network, by drawing on the application of graph neural networks and Side information in recommender systems. Its advantage is to utilize the learning capability of graph neural networks to capture the effective hidden feature representation of drugs and diseases, which is used to infer the probability of whether a drug can treat the disease of interest, as a way to improve the generalization capability of the model. In addition, dimensionality reduction algorithms and side information of drugs and diseases are used to overcome the cold start problem encountered by traditional computational drug relocation models. Finally, the experimental results of the proposed model on two real drug–disease association datasets are analyzed to verify its superiority and effectiveness. Comprehensive experimentations on several real-world datasets show the efficiency of HSSIGNN.

SARS CoV-2 Vaccine studies currently in phase III

The coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the WHO. Protein S from the viral surface has been identified as the optimal antigen for vaccine development. In a pandemic, the traditional vaccine development process has had to be accelerated to advance in an adequate response to the problem, shortening the times. Safety, immunogenicity, protection against infection, antibody dependent enhancement phenomena and duration of protection are studied in parallel, unlike the traditional way in which it was carried out in successive stages. Currently in Phase III there are 4 types of vaccines: inactivated; based on purified or recombinant proteins, based on DNA / RNA nucleic acids and based on viral vectors. The objective of this review is to understand the studies that precede the vaccines that are currently in Phase III studies and to describe the main characteristics of these studies. Currently the world is in a situation unprecedented in the last century. Among the options to face this fact, one vaccine or, ideally, several, safe, effective and immunogenic, seem to be one of the best alternatives to regain lost normality within a reasonable time.

Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Semi-Autonomous, Vision-based, Modular Unmanned Ground Vehicle Prototype

In some traditional development processes, engineering teams communicate their subsystem interfaces without much overlap o their respective disciplines and processes. However, for a systems engineering-driven design, a holistic, multidisciplined approach is implemented from the ground up, with considerable overlap between the teams in every phase of the project. Approaching a system from a holistic perspective, rather than an isolated subsystem perspective, is a fundamental component to rapid prototype development and successful system integration. It is also required for full project-level concerns such as the data, security, safety, and sustainability operations. This paper presents the development of a prototype modular unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) used for fire detection and elimination. Taking a systems engineering approach, the mechatronics and control systems designs are performed first, then the system and the important subsystems are built and tested, and finally, the evaluation results are fed back for the next prototype iteration. The goal of this paper is to give engineering students and professionals an example of the process behind holistic development of a semi-autonomous UGV and to begin an inexpensive, readilymodified platform for engineers to build upon.

A Kind of Engineering Innovative Method based on the Mechanism of Disruptive Innovations

It is a kind of research topic for the development of the engineering science to construct an engineering innovative method based on the mechanism of disruptive innovations. A kind of new disruptive innovative method is developed in the present study. It is based on the inductive properties for the conditions of the disruptive innovations and the opportunities recognizing property states for the product selected. A coupling model is set up that it integrates the recognizing process, the conceptual design process and the evaluating process. The conceptual design process is a sub-process of traditional new product development process in industrial companies.As the result the new disruptive innovative method is formed.

Innovative trial designs and analyses for vaccine clinical development

In the past decades, the world has experienced several major virus outbreaks, e.g. West African Ebola outbreak, Zika virus in South America and most recently global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Many vaccines have been developed to prevent a variety of infectious diseases successfully. However, several infections have not been preventable so far, like COVID-19, which induces an immediate urgent need for effective vaccines. These emerging infectious diseases often pose unprecedent challenges for the global heath community as well as the conventional vaccine development paradigm. With a long and costly traditional vaccine development process, there are extensive needs in innovative vaccine trial designs and analyses, which aim to design more efficient vaccines trials. Featured with reduced development timeline, less resource consuming or improved estimate for the endpoints of interests, these more efficient trials bring effective medicine to target population in a faster and less costly way. In this paper, we will review a few vaccine trials equipped with adaptive design features, Bayesian designs that accommodate historical data borrowing, the master protocol strategy emerging during COVID-19 vaccine development, Real-World-Data (RWD) embedded trials and the correlate of protection framework and relevant research works. We will also discuss some statistical methodologies that improve the vaccine efficacy, safety and immunogenicity analyses. Innovative clinical trial designs and analyses, together with advanced research technologies and deeper understanding of the human immune system, are paving the way for the efficient development of new vaccines in the future.