Traditional Design Research Articles

Development of a new environmentally friendly and efficient centrifugal variable diameter metering device.

The design of the maize metering device involves centrifugal variable diameter pneumatic and cleaning mechanisms, aiming to enhance the performance and power efficiency of pneumatic maize metering devices. Leveraging the impact of changes in centrifugal diameter and the guidance and positioning of airflow, we optimize the hole insert, seeding plate, seed limit board, and integrated front shell. This optimization facilitates the adjustment of both the quantity and posture of seed filling. As a result, seeds can form a uniform flow within the annular cavity, reducing the wind pressure necessary for regular operation and decreasing power consumption. A quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment is conducted using a self-made experiment bench, considering ground speed, wind pressure, and seeding rate as the experiment factors. Furthermore, a comparative experiment involving a novel centrifugal variable-diameter type metering device. The results indicate optimal seeding performance when the ground speed is 13.2 km/h, the wind pressure is 1.2 kPa, and the feeding rate is 25 seeds/s. Under these conditions, the quality of feed index reaches 95.20%, the multi-index is 3.87%, and the miss index is 0.93%. Findings reveal that the developed seed metering device achieved a quality of feed index exceeding 93.00% across varying speeds of 12~18 km/h, aligning with the production requirements. Moreover, the actual power consumption of Type B and C is about 85.00% and 98.00% lower than Type A, standing at only 32.90 W at 18 km/h. The COP of Type C is about 86 times and 12 times that of Type A and B, respectively, meeting the demands for efficient production of maize seed metering devices. In comparison to traditional design and structural parameter optimization methods for maize seed metering device, this study is helpful to the sustainable development of maize industry and reduce environmental pollution.

Tailoring Phonon Dispersion of a Genetically Designed Nanophononic Metasurface.

Phonon engineering at the nanoscale holds immense promise for a myriad of applications. However, the design of phononic devices continues to rely on regular shapes chosen according to long-established simple rules. Here, we demonstrate an inverse design approach to create a two-dimensional phononic metasurface exhibiting a highly anisotropic phonon dispersion along the main axes of the Brillouin zone. A partial hypersonic bandgap of approximately 3.5 GHz is present along one axis, with gap closure along the orthogonal axis. Such a level of control is achieved through genetically optimized unit cells, with shapes exceeding conventional intuition. We experimentally validated our theoretical predictions using Brillouin light scattering, confirming the effectiveness of the inverse design method. Our approach unlocks the potential for automated engineering of phononic metasurfaces with on-demand functionalities, thus leading toward innovative phononic devices beyond the limitations of traditional design paradigms.

Control of Structural Seismic Damage in Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Frames through Hybrid-Selfcentering Connections

Current seismic design philosophy of industrial structures in Chile aims at the protection of life and continuity of operation in the industry. The compliance with these requirements allows controlling structural damage based on resistance criteria, without detecting the failure mode or specifying its location in the event of a major seismic event. In this paper, we discuss the application of an innovative technique for controlling the structural damage in prefabricated reinforced concrete frames, which are founded on granular soils. This technique is applied in the construction of the Forest and Paper Pulp Plant Concepción. This is done by incorporating hybrid post-tensioned joints in precast columns of the project, and this approach aims to control energy dissipation in the union and maintain the initial stiffness of the system. Using a nonlinear dynamic analysis with 2D Ruaumoko software, potential performance in traditional design versus innovative design is compared. The analysis is performed for various Chilean representative seismic records and different types of soils. The results indicate that the structure with the traditional design could suffer displacement in the roof of the order of 40 cm, moving heavily into the inelastic range, with residual deformations and concentrating the damage generation of plastic hinges at the ends of the columns and some beams not designed for ductility. In contrast, the use of self-centering hybrid joints causes the structure to recover its original position, without the presence of remnant deformations.

Design and Analysis of Gas Cyclone with Arc-Shaped Cone Using Bézier Curve for Improved Performance

Abstract The research investigates novel gas cyclone separators with curved conical sections, comparing eight configurations with varying curvature sizes. Gas cyclones are traditionally used as particle separators to remove dust from gas streams, aiming to achieve a dust-free gas flow at the exit pipe while recovering particles to the dust outlet. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to model the gas cyclone using the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM); the study examines flow fields and pressure losses. It finds that increased curvature correlates with reduced pressure drop. The curved profile is derived from the Bézier curve, characterized by a set of control points determining its shape. This study examines eight cyclone configurations with the intermediate point placed at varying fractions of the main radius: 1/8, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 7/8, and the main radius itself. The investigation focuses on the impact of different conical segment shapes on cyclone performance, highlighting how convex variants outperform others at higher flow rates while concave variants exhibit higher pressure drop. The pressure drop in the convex variant with an intermediate point position equal to the main radius decreased by 50%. These findings suggest the potential of the convex variant in certain operating conditions over traditional designs with improved particle capture efficiency.

Beyond Shell-Filling: Strong Enhancement of Electron Affinity of Metal Clusters through a Noninvasive Oriented External Electric Field.

Traditional electron counting rules, like the Jellium model, have long been successfully utilized in designing superhalogens by modifying clusters to have one electron less than a filled electronic shell. However, this shell-filling approach, which involves altering the intrinsic properties of the clusters, can be complex and challenging to control, especially in experiments. In this letter, we theoretically establish that the oriented external electric field (OEEF) can substantially enhance the electron affinity (EA) of diverse aluminum-based metal clusters with varying valence electron configurations, leading to the creation of superhalogen species without altering their shell arrangements. This OEEF approach offers a noninvasive alternative to traditional superatom design strategies, as it does not disrupt the clusters' geometrical structures and superatomic states. These findings contribute a vital piece to the puzzle of constructing superalkalis and superhalogens, extending beyond conventional shell-filling strategies and potentially expanding the range of applications for functional clusters.

Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty: A State-of-the-Art Review.

» The demographic profile of candidates for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is shifting toward younger and more active individuals.» While cemented fixation remains the gold standard in TKA, the interest is growing in exploring cementless fixation as a potentially more durable alternative.» Advances in manufacturing technologies are enhancing the prospects for superior long-term biological fixation.» Current research indicates that intermediate to long-term outcomes of modern cementless TKA designs are comparable with traditional cemented designs.» The selection of appropriate patients is critical to the success of cementless fixation techniques in TKA.» There is a need for high-quality research to better understand the potential differences and relative benefits of cemented vs. cementless TKA systems.

Building a Scientific Foundation for Security: Multilayer Network Model Insights for System Security Engineering

AbstractTo help incorporate security into INCOSE's Systems Engineering Vision 2035, the INCOSE systems security engineering working group endorses a paradigmatic shift to reframe systems security as trustworthy, loss‐driven, and capabilities‐based. Similar research out of Sandia National Laboratories has explored cutting‐edge approaches to systems security for national security applications. Together, these efforts highlight the need for—‐and a path toward—‐a scientific foundation for security. Leveraging underlying tenets of systems theory, observed security heuristics, and the concepts emerging from INCOSE's SSE working helps triangulate a set of “first principles” as part of a scientific foundation for security as an emergent systems property that incorporates traditional physical security designs, cyber security architectures, and personnel security programs—‐as well as the (often ignored) interactions between them. These first principles, in turn, are the basis for a set of derived systems security performance axioms that support current INCOSE SSE working efforts. We have demonstrated this approach's logic and designability with a multilayer network model‐based approach for systems security. The structure of this scientific foundation for security offers additional, innovative opportunities to achieve desired levels of trustworthiness, creative mechanisms to meet needs, innovative loss‐driven approaches, and enhanced capabilities—‐all aimed at producing more efficient and effective systems security solutions against current and emerging threats, uncertainties, and complexities.

Research on three-dimensional dynamic design and decision system of airport

Abstract Due to the lack of elevation information, the traditional airport design system based on the AutoCAD 2D platform is often unable to make a comprehensive and objective analysis and judgment when the designer evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the design scheme. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of airport 3D dynamic design and decision systems based on the Cesium framework. Firstly, based on the 3D geographic information platform, a multi-type 3D digital map loading and display module will be developed to realize the combination of 3D geographic information and the airfield model. Then, according to the 3D model data and the characteristics of the platform development, the method of calculating the earth volume of clearance processing, the evaluation algorithm of airport clearance obstacle limit surface, the optimization analysis method of tower position, and the analysis method of navigation station and flight track visibility are constructed.

Multi-layered computational gene networks by engineered tristate logics

So far, biocomputation strictly follows traditional design principles of digital electronics, which could reach their limits when assembling gene circuits of higher complexity. Here, by creating genetic variants of tristate buffers instead of using conventional logic gates as basic signal processing units, we introduce a tristate-based logic synthesis (TriLoS) framework for resource-efficient design of multi-layered gene networks capable of performing complex Boolean calculus within single-cell populations. This sets the stage for simple, modular, and low-interference mapping of various arithmetic logics of interest and an effectively enlarged engineering space within single cells. We not only construct computational gene networks running full adder and full subtractor operations at a cellular level but also describe a treatment paradigm building on programmable cell-based therapeutics, allowing for adjustable and disease-specific drug secretion logics invivo. This work could foster the evolution of modern biocomputers to progress toward unexplored applications in precision medicine.

Assessment of energy saving and CO2 emission mitigation of low-lift cooling in computer hardware manufacturing industry: A case study in Thailand

Abstract Released heat from production process contributes the largest proportion of cooling load in computer hardware manufacturing industry. According to traditional design practice, chiller plant produces chilled water at a temperature of 7°C to treat the entire load from the production process and from the comfort air-conditioning in buildings. However, the heat from the process is solely the sensible component where high-temperature chilled water (e.g., 15°C) can be used for the heat removal, the chillers equipped with low temperature-lift technology thus offer a great opportunity to improve the plant’s cooling performance. Under the critical global warming situation and the need of decarbonizing industry, this paper investigated the energy saving and CO2 emission mitigation potential of the low-lift technology by which the chiller plant of high-temperature chilled water (15°C) is dedicated for the production process cooling, and the traditional chiller plant of the low-temperature chilled water is used to serve the building air-conditioning. The study site was a large factory of computer hardware manufacturing in Thailand. Through detailed energy auditing, the cooling load profile of the production process was established, and it was used to design the low-lift chiller plant. The annual simulation results showed that in our study case the low-lift chiller plant together with variable motor speed control had 31.6% higher cooling performance than the traditional chiller plant. The plant could reduce the energy consumption by 5,550 MWhelec/year. As the CO2 emission of the grid power in Thailand was 0.47 kgCO2/kWh in 2023 and it was expected to reduce to 0.35 kgCO2/kWh in 2050, the CO2 emissions from implementing the low-lift cooling could be reduced by 49,400 TonCO2 over a course of the 20-year project lifetime. The study results encouraged the low-lift cooling technology as a practical energy efficiency measure in computer hardware manufacturing industry. To our knowledge, while past research focused on the low-lift cooling in building air-conditioning, the study was the first potential assessment project of the low-lift cooling as a deep decarbonization technology for the computer hardware manufacturing industry in Thailand.

AI 개입에 따른 디자인 씽킹 프로세스의 변화

The rapid evolution of Generative Artificial Intelligence with innovative technologies is making a significant impact within the Design Thinking Process. By using the ChatGPT-4 model from OpenAI, this study aims to evaluate the impact of Generative AI on design activities and establish a theoretical framework by reevaluating the Design Thinking Process. This paper conducts both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative analysis is performed using experimental surveys, word frequency, co-occurrence frequency, and CONCOR analysis, and the qualitative analysis is carried out through post-experiment interviews. The findings, derived from the comparisons of teams with and without prior Generative AI experience, highlight the positive impact of Generative AI on problem-solving, idea generation, and the convergence within UX design practices. Additionally, through the in-depth interviews with participants, it is possible to confirm the novelty and usability of Generative AI in the Design Thinking Process. The intervention of Generative AI in the Design Thinking Process promises substantial benefits for enhancing the roles of UX designers and a shift in traditional design thinking, by facilitating increased creativity and productivity in UX design tasks. There is a call for broader recognition and integration of these technologies to redefine the UX design process and its outcomes. For a more integrated approach within the UX design methodology, future research should aim to explore Generative AI's extensive applications and implications in design.

제품디자인에서 생성형 인공지능 활용을 통한 협업프로세스 활용 가능성 탐색

With the rapid advancement of generative AI, most industries are entering a new phase. Generative AI is being utilized across a wide range of fields, including design. Consequently, this study explored the application of AI in the product design field and integrated it into the design process. The goal was to identify the differences between traditional product design processes and those enhanced by AI. Through this research, the potential of AI in product design was confirmed, and future methods of its application were investigated. First, the study considered the domains of human and AI design separately. AI's role was seen as generating and displaying various images, while humans decided on keywords and concrete designs. Next, experimental results indicated that at crucial moments in the design process, the designer’s ability and judgment in selecting designs remained important. Additionally, the effective use of prompts through questions became crucial in applying generative AI. Language, as the culmination of human knowledge and the most fundamental means of expression, plays a critical role. Ultimately, the effectiveness and efficiency of AI usage will depend on the user's level of knowledge in the respective field or their ability to extract knowledge from AI learning. As AI technology advances, paradigms across all industries are shifting. This phenomenon will merge with traditional design methods, resulting in an evolved form of design approach.

Multi-Scale Deep Learning-Based University Financial System: Hardware Design and Database Integration

With the increasing scale of college enrollment and the increasing complexity of college teaching management, college finance department should innovate the traditional financial management mode while adapting to the reform of teaching management, and make use of the openness and real-time characteristics of Internet to improve the quality of college financial management and reduce the risk of college financial management. To this end, this paper designs a university financial system based on multi-scale deep learning. In the hardware design, the system adds multiple sensors and scans all the information in the financial database using a coordinator. In the software design, the weights that can connect the financial information of the same attribute are set by establishing a database form; according to the multilayer perceptual network topology, a full interconnection model based on multi-scale deep learning is designed to realize the system’s deep extraction of data. The experimental results show that the financial risk is based on the risk warning capability for university finance, and compared with the system under the traditional design, the university finance system designed in this time has the most categories of financial information parameters extracted.

Landmarks to Lived experiences: A comparative study of Bahrain World Trade Center and Bahrain Bay Towers

The potential reverberation of urban development on the cityscape through its building functions and heightsgenerates a skyline, creating an aesthetic geographical pattern. Some have a tagline of being iconic, while others striveto attain it. The term 'iconic' is an emblem of expression, a mixture of traditional and contemporary design, and,foremost, the city's oldest superstructure. Bahrain has been fast progressing, exemplified by its wonderous skylinesand a blend from old to new. Bahrain World Trade Centre is one of its so-called 'iconic' and has won many awardsaround the globe for its sustainability aspect, while others are popping out of the datum, one of them is thecontemporary Bahrain Bay Towers, with a pride of being the tallest building in the skyline of Manama. This studyconducts pilot research comparing two superstructures, focusing on the perceptions and sensory experiences ofpeople living among them.

Development of expandable pipe technology: double-acting expander

Drilling wells presents a number of problems such as loss of circulation, wellbore instability, stuck pipe due to differential pressure or mechanical problems, and increased formation damage. Traditionally, these problems have been addressed by installing additional casing, resulting in a reduction in wellbore diameter. However, the use of expandable tubing technology within the wellbore can effectively mitigate these problems, potentially eliminating the telescoping effect associated with traditional well designs. This technology allows wells to be completed without reducing the planned diameter of the production string, which is critical for deepwater and highly deviated wells. The effectiveness of expandable tubing technology continues to evolve both offshore and onshore, offering solutions to a variety of operational challenges encountered during well construction. Steel pipe expanding requires specialized tools. During workover operations, these tools are used to isolate corroded or worn sections of casing, seal unwanted perforations and reinforce casing to stimulate flow and treat the wellbore. They also allow problem areas to be isolated without connecting to the previous casing string. However, dual-action expanders are required to drill constant-diameter wells. These expanders create sockets at the bottom of the large-diameter pipe and then expand the casing string to the smaller diameter. The paper describes the design and operating principle of a new expanding device that has been developed to solve the problems associated with efficiently expanding round steel casing and achieving double expansion in mono-diameter well construction. In conclusion, the developed new round steel casing expanding tool achieves double expansion, facilitating the construction of monodiameter oil and gas wells. Keywords: Well drilling; Mono-diameter technology; Steel pipe expanding; Double expansion; Expander.

생성AI를 이용한 디자인 리서치 방법론 제안

This study explores the impact of AI tools like ChatGPT on design methodologies, focusing on the Double Diamond Model. It aims to understand how AI can transform traditional design processes and offer insights into the future of design. Design experts from industry and academia were selected using intentional and snowball sampling. Focus Group Interviews(FGI) and In-Depth Interviews(IDI) were conducted over two weeks. Results were validated through discussions and Denzin's triangulation method. ChatGPT positively influences design thinking, data-driven decision-making, and user experiences. It enhances efficiency and creativity in the design process, leading to innovative changes in the industry. This research lays the foundation for understanding AI's potential impact on design. The integration of AI and design is expected to reshape design methodologies, exemplified by the AI-Driven Double Diamond Model, with broad applications across the industry.

증강현실 기술과 북 디자인 시각화에 관한 연구

With the advent of the era of integrated media, augmented reality(AR) has been applied in many fields, and has put forward innovative requirements for traditional design forms. The research goal of this paper is to integrate AR technology to realize the visualization of book design, provide new possibilities for new forms of book design, create emotional resonance for consumers, and have certain reference value for the development of book design and the sustainable development of cultural industry. First, this paper uses literature analysis, case analysis, empirical analysis, and questionnaire survey methods to give a relevant overview of AR technology and book design visualization, analyze its research status and application cases. Secondly, using the model hypothesis method, a research model of AR technology and book design visualization was constructed, and the feasibility of the model was analyzed. Finally, the results were evaluated and verified using the survey questionnaire and PSSUQ usability scale. The following conclusions were drawn through the study. First, AR technology can break through the limitations of book design, prompt consumers to change from passive reading to active interaction, broaden the reading perspective, attract more participants, and increase the reading rate. Second, establishing a book design visualization system model with AR technology will have important significance and role, and the model will provide reference value for designers' innovative design concepts. Bring consumers a rich and multi-dimensional interactive experience and adapt to new trends in future development.

Assessment of Dynamic States of Railway Vehicles: Structural Mathematical Modeling

Introduction. The speed rise of railway transport and an increase in the loads on the axles of wheelsets necessitate the modernization of the existing fleet. Scientific studies in the field of rolling stock dynamics are aimed at taking into account the oscillatory processes that occur during the movement of railway vehicles in a traditional design. The attachment of supplementary elements was considered at the coupling level of two cars and the attachment of a third trolley in the center of gravity of the railway platform. The scientific literature has not paid enough attention to the construction of mathematical models that make it possible to assess the dynamic states of such constructive solutions. The objective of this study is to create a method for evaluating the dynamic conditions of a car. The situation is considered when an additional set of mass-inertial and elastic elements is introduced into its structure, and the general dynamic condition of the vehicle depends on the adjustment of their parameters.Materials and Methods. The basic research tool is the structural mathematical modeling, which is based on an approach where the source design scheme is a mechanical oscillatory system in the form of a solid body on elastic supports with supplementary typical elements introduced into its structure. The dynamic analogue of the calculation scheme used is the block diagram of the automatic control system, the use of which provides detailing the connections between typical elastic and mass-inertia elements.Results. A method for estimating the dynamic states of railway vehicles is proposed. It is based on the construction of mathematical models, taking into account the introduction of an additional structure of mass-inertia and elastic elements. The impact of additional parameters on the dynamic condition of the vehicle is investigated. Analytical relations have been obtained that provide reducing the dynamic loads on the major structural elastic elements when changing the corresponding parameters of a technical object. The transfer function of interpartial relations is given, which provides controlling the interaction between the coordinates of the vehicle movement under the action of two kinematic disturbances of the in-phase type.Discussion and Conclusion. The generated mathematical model provides for assessment, monitoring and control of the dynamic state of the vehicle under conditions of kinematic disturbances. The research results can be used to modernize existing vehicles and create new ones with improved dynamics.

Art design

Abstract : The rapid development of the times, various industries have undergone earth- shaking changes in the face of development trends. The education industry is also making progress in development. Art design and new media technology can be better presented to the public, and it is also convenient for designers. This paper investigates the local art design and art design education. The new media art design and the traditional art design are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Both have advantages and disadvantages, and they should learn from each other and improve the disadvantages. Conducted an investigation and analysis on art and design education, and the analysis results showed the defects of today’s art and design education, and analyzed the methods of improving art and design education through the school’s investigation and applied it to art and design education.Artists and designers are very important for local art. This paper analyzes the genealogical relationship of art designers and the composition of local art designers, taking Yunnan as an example.

Development a novel design of miniaturized heptagonal Koch fractal wide band antenna for 5G mm wave and IoT applications

The object of the study is a compact heptagonal broadband antenna specially designed for use in the 5G millimeter band using Koch fractals to improve performance. As a result of the study, the most important problem of achieving higher gain, improving bandwidth and reducing interference at higher frequencies, which is necessary for the effective functioning of 5G networks, was solved. As a result, the maximum realized gain of 5 dB was obtained at a frequency of 27.58 GHz with an impressive bandwidth in the range from 26.5 to 40 GHz. The use of Koch fractal geometry and defective ground planes significantly improves impedance matching and expands bandwidth, which explains the excellent antenna performance compared to traditional designs. The features and distinguishing features of the results obtained, thanks to which they allowed solving the problem under study, are its compact dimensions (only 9 mm by 9 mm) and the ability to maintain VSWR at a level of less than 2 in the entire frequency spectrum. These features make the antenna particularly suitable for millimeter-band integration and flexible applications such as portable devices and wearable home appliances. The field of practical application of the results includes integration into portable and wearable devices, improving the performance and connectivity of Internet of Things applications. The conditions of practical use require compliance with 5G network standards and compatibility with millimeter-wave technologies. This characterizes the antenna as a significant achievement in antenna technology, demonstrating its potential for widespread adoption in next-generation wireless communication systems and paving the way for more reliable and high-performance wireless networks