Traditional Culture Research Articles

Honourable kāwanatanga: A prerequisite for constitutional transformation

Understandings of Te Tiriti o Waitangi continue to unfold as we find our way through the complexities of colonial misinformation about our herstory and history. Looking ahead to the prospect of constitutional transformation, this paper examines honourable kāwanatanga as a necessary pathway to Tiriti justice. This commentary paper draws on existing literature and insights from the Māori and Tauiwi authors’ decades of experience of pursuing Tiriti justice. The Crown has consistently breached Te Tiriti and engaged in dishonourable kāwanatanga. Māori have always resisted colonisation and imagined a future where Te Tiriti was honoured. Latterly, Tauiwi in increasing numbers have also joined this resistance. The preamble of Te Tiriti o Waitangi articulates the desire of rangatira and the British to enter into a relationship of goodwill and peace. Rangatira reasonably anticipated that the British would behave honourably. The subsequent displacement of Māori from land, language, economy and cultural traditions from 1840 onwards, resulted in devastating intergenerational harms and losses. Ani Mikaere has argued that the Māori–Crown relationship has deteriorated to the point of resembling the dynamics of an abusive relationship. This characterisation suggests an unequal and harmful interaction, where one party holds power and control over the other, often at the expense of the latter’s rights, well-being, and autonomy, whilst societal institutions and common sense, deeply support the abuser. Honourable kāwanatanga, as a tool for transformations toward social justice, is often used as an intentional description to mark Tiriti-centric governance as opposed to deep-rooted dishonourable, Tiriti-breaching governance. This form of abuse characterises the ongoing colonial hegemony which has generated and maintained institutional racism and monoculturalism and allowed it to flourish within the public service and many other sectors of society. The notion of honourable kāwanatanga intersects with the call of Matike Mai and supports collective Indigenous peoples’ rights.

Cultural Characteristics of Female Hero Images in Intangible Cultural Heritage Films

In Chinese films with intangible cultural heritage themes, female images are an indispensable presence. Particularly, several renowned female hero figures derived from folklore literature, such as Liu Sanjie, Ashima, and Hua Mulan, stand out as symbols of both traditional Chinese heroines and the cultural zeitgeist. This paper utilizes Roland Barthes' semiotic theory to analyze the characteristics of these three representative intangible cultural heritage-themed folk literature films. By employing text analysis methods, it examines the elements of costume, dialogue, setting, and plot in these films. These symbolic elements elucidate the development of female characters and cultural transformations, revealing how traditional culture is represented and transmitted in modern media. The paper also explores the crucial role and value of women in the preservation and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, offering suggestions for better shaping the images of female heroes in intangible cultural heritage-themed films.

THE CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF BELARUSIAN PEASANT MIGRANTS Book Review: Fedorov, R. Yu. The Features of Traditional Culture and Dynamics of Ethnocultural Processes among Belarusian Peasant-migrants of Siberia and the Far East of Russia (second half of the 19th — beginning of 21st century)

THE CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF BELARUSIAN PEASANT MIGRANTS Book Review: Fedorov, R. Yu. The Features of Traditional Culture and Dynamics of Ethnocultural Processes among Belarusian Peasant-migrants of Siberia and the Far East of Russia (second half of the 19th — beginning of 21st century)

Molecular genetic methods for quality control of inactivated vaccines using a Chikungunya virus model: vaccine strain identification and completeness of virus inactivation

INTRODUCTION. The completeness of virus inactivation and the identity of the vaccine strain are essential parameters for the safety and quality of inactivated virus vaccines, which should be controlled during vaccine development and production. Currently, the most promising quality control methods for inactivated virus vaccines are molecular genetic methods, which provide rapid results with high sensitivity and specificity.AIM. The aim of this study was the development of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method and an integrated cell culture real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ICC-qPCR) method to assess the completeness of virus inactivation, as well as a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RT-PCR-RFLP) to confirm the identity of the vaccine virus strain.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study used RNA of CHIKV genotypes (three strains of each of the four CHIKV genotypes, including Asian, West African (WAf), and East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotypes, and the Indian Ocean Lineage of the ECSA genotype (ECSA-IOL), which were identified by sequencing prior to analysis). Additionally, the study used the Nika21 CHIKV strain (ECSA genotype), the Nika21 CHIKV strain inactivated with β-propiolactone, and the Nika21 CHIKV strain antigen adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide. The methods used included real-time qPCR, RT-PCR-RFLP, and virus neutralisation.RESULTS. The study identified a 218 bp fragment of the nsP1 gene (positions 789 to 1006) with restriction endonuclease recognition sites. These sites were present or absent in combinations specific to each of the four CHIKV genotypes. The authors selected primers for amplification of the specified gene region and tested the conditions for real-time qPCR and RT-PCR-RFLP. The study demonstrated the possibility of using the ICC-qPCR method to confirm the completeness of virus inactivation and the RT-PCR-RFLP method to identify the vaccine strain.CONCLUSIONS. The study showed the advantages of using the ICC-qPCR method to confirm the completeness of antigen inactivation and the RT-PCR-RFLP method to identify the vaccine strain. These methods are more sensitive and faster than traditional culture methods. ICC-qPCR and RT-PCR-RFLP can be used at any stage of the production process for inactivated vaccines.

A study of older women’s lives in India beyond four walls

This paper conducts a comparative and exploratory study on altruistic and pay-to-stay care systems, exploring the intersection of tradition and contemporary society. The research delves into the underlying mechanisms of both care systems, shedding light on the daily lives, challenges, and vulnerabilities of older women residing in care homes. Emphasising the state’s and market’s evolving role in the older care system, the study highlights the relatively recent market invasion. Employing an exploratory and descriptive research design, the sample comprises fifty-six women aged 60 and above in Lucknow city’s (Uttar Pradesh, India) care homes. Given the heterogeneity among women in care homes regarding social and moral values, the study utilises multi-stage random, stratified, and purposive sampling techniques as needed for the analysis. Data had been gathered from two care homes— one not charging residents and another a paid facility catering to lower-middle and middle-income groups. The researcher spent a year and a half working in these homes, conducting interviews with all respondents. The paper uncovers distinctions in care homes based not only on altruism and pay-to-stay but also on caste and class dynamics, contributing to social inequality and limiting social mobility. The stratification of the State and market results in varying quality of life for older women. While the market holds potential for innovation and improved service quality, economically dependent women often defer this choice to their family members. Socioeconomic status significantly influences the decision to lead a dignified life, with some women reluctantly relying on the state for survival after being abandoned by their families, leaving them hapless and hopeless.

Iḥsān ʿAbd al-Quddūs’ Paths to Freedom Between Journalism and Popular Fiction in the Novel "Anā Ḥurra" (I Am Free)

Iḥsān ʿAbd al-Quddūs (1919-1990) is one of the best-known journalists in the history of Egyptian political journalism. He began his career at Rūz al-Yūsuf magazine, founded by his mother, the celebrated actress and journalist who named the journal after herself. He was also a famed author of popular fiction, which was serialised in Egyptian mainstream weeklies from the late forties through the eighties. His name is associated with mass readership and sentimental novels and short stories whose protagonists often are young women struggling for freedom in a traditional and patriarchal society. In this article we will analyse his first success, the novel Anā Ḥurra (I Am Free), which was written a year after the 1952 Egyptian revolution. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the underrated field of popular and middlebrow Arabic literature. We will focus on the relation between female liberation and politics in the novel, in particular how the story of the young protagonist’s search for freedom reflects the failures of the 1952 revolution. Keywords: Iḥsān ʿAbd al-Quddūs, Rūz al-Yūsuf, Anā Ḥurra, Journalism, Popular literature, Rebellion, Freedom.

Exploration of Historical Sites of Art and Culture Exchange on the Silk Road of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties

Abstract The pre-Qin and Han Silk Road opened up the Central Plains Dynasty to the Eurasian- African continent, not only having extraordinary political, economic and cultural exchanges complementary strategic significance, but also becoming an irreplaceable important window and way for the Central Plains Dynasty to gain cognitive knowledge of the broader world. In particular, the exploration of the artistic and cultural relics and historical background of the Silk Road is a deep excavation and collation of historical materials of exchanges between the East and the West, especially between China and the nationalities in the Western regions in the fields of traditional politics, commerce, economy, art and culture. This depth of excavation and collation of historical materials, so as to clarify the origin of the Silk Road under different historical conditions and the background of its political, economic, art, and cultural significance in forming the civilisation of the countries along the route. This mutual understanding among various nationalities inevitably promotes the shared development of Eastern and Western civilizations. Therefore, the topic discussed in this paper is a retrospective and complementary approach to the Silk Road as a distant civilisation. This exploration is also another purposeful search for the roots of this road, which was known as the “Journey of Adventure” and “Journey of Intercommunication” from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the two Han Dynasties. Accordingly, this paper promotes the discussion from three aspects: the long historical context of the Silk Road, the channel of multi-ethnic art exchange constituted by Silk Road, and the exchange and dissemination of handicraft culture on the Silk Road, excavating these three rich historical materials is more in order to reveal the historical values of the Silk Road.

Barrier-free, open-top microfluidic chip for generating two distinct, interconnected 3D microvascular networks

Developing microphysiological cell culture platforms with a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment has been a significant advancement from traditional monolayer cultures. Still, most of the current microphysiological platforms are limited in closed designs, i.e. are not accessible after 3D cell culture loading. Here, we report an open-top microfluidic chip which enables the generation of two sequentially loaded 3D cell cultures without physical barriers restricting the nurture, gas exchange and cellular communication. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the formation of two 3D vasculatures, one in the upper and the other in the lower compartment, under three distinct flow conditions: asymmetric side-to-center, symmetric side-to-center and symmetric center-to-side. We used computational modelling to characterize initial flow pressures in cell culture compartments. We showed prominent vessel formation and branched vasculatures in upper and lower cell culture compartments with interconnecting, lumenized vessels with in vivo-relevant diameter in all flow conditions. With advanced image processing, we quantified and compared the overall vascular network volume and the total length formed in asymmetric side-to-center, symmetric side-to-center and symmetric center-to-side flow conditions. Our results indicate that the developed chip can house two distinct 3D cell cultures with merging vessels between compartments and by providing asymmetric side-to-center or symmetric center-to-side flow vascular morphogenesis is enhanced in terms of overall network length. The developed open-top microfluidic chip may find various applications in generation of tissue-specific 3D-3D co-cultures for studying cellular interactions in vascularized tissues and organs.

Variety Of Bhenga And Manu Ornaments At The Sa'o Traditional House Of Gurusina Traditional Village

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) has a rich culture and diverse traditions. Several ethnic sub-groups, including the Ngada-Lio ethnic sub-group, mark this diversity. This ethnic sub-group inhabits the Ngada Regency area, where traditional villages are scattered at several points. Traditional villages are places to preserve a culture that has been passed down from generation to generation, one of which is weti carvings. These carvings have a variety of figures, including Bhénga and Manu. The depiction of these two figures is like a buffalo horn and a chicken. In some traditional houses in Indonesia, there are also similar figures, namely in the Tongkonan Toraja traditional house and the Karo Batak traditional house. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The researcher chose this method to describe the figures of Bhéngaand Manu in detail and depth. This research began with observation and interviews, after which the research continued by analyzing the data using morphological, stylistic, and comparative analysis. The results of this study show that various ornamental figures of buffalo and chicken are depicted on the walls of the Sao traditional house because the two animals have a special closeness to the community. Besides that, the ornamental variety is carved on the wall of the traditional house as an addition to the aesthetic value of the traditional house.

Museum as active aging place for elderly volunteer interpreters:from the perspective of Chinese ‘Family’ and ‘State’

ABSTRACT As global populations age, examining how museums can promote active aging holds practical significance. In China, an increasing number of elderly individuals are entering museums as volunteer interpreters. As they serve the museum, this engagement profoundly impacts their active aging. This paper, based on participant observation and in-depth interviews, analyzes the motivations, behaviors, and impacts of 20 elderly volunteer museum interpreters in China. The study reveals that the dialectical relationship between the individual and the ‘family’ and ‘state’ in Chinese traditional culture serves as an intrinsic motivation for the active aging of elderly volunteer interpreters. It also identifies this relationship as an outcome of the active aging they pursue. Chinese museums have contextual specialties in addressing the issue of aging. The study illustrates the value of museums in challenging the perspective of ageism and underscores the importance of cultural context for understanding elderly people’s active aging.

Constructing a Semantic System of Facade Elements for Religious Architecture from a Regional Perspective: A Case Study of Jingzhou

The application of semantics in facade elements mainly involves the association between architectural elements and their cultural, historical, or functional significance. By analyzing the shape, layout, and decoration of various elements (such as windows, doors, decorative patterns) in facades, semantics helps us understand the symbolic meanings and cultural implications behind these design choices. This study selects twenty-eight pavilions and buildings from five temples and Taoist sites in Jingzhou City as the research objects, exploring the composition and patterns of religious architectural facades in Jingzhou through the extraction of structural and decorative elements. The study establishes the “Semantic System of Façade Elements in Jingzhou Religious Architecture,” from which the distinctive characteristics of Jingzhou religious building façades are identified. The study finds that side halls predominantly feature hard gable roofs, while the main halls use double-eave hip-and-gable roofs, reflecting differences in architectural hierarchy. The sack with three arrows pattern is the most widely used in door and window decorations, demonstrating the aesthetic preferences of the Jingchu region. Both side halls and main halls commonly adopt high podiums, with the main hall podiums typically exceeding twenty steps in height, which is closely related to Jingzhou’s climatic conditions and architectural hierarchy. This study provides scientific evidence for the preservation, new design, and harmonious integration of traditional culture and architectural features in regional religious architecture.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Perpetration and Victimization of Teen Dating Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

Dating violence is a global health problem that affects adolescents physically, psychologically and sexually. During adolescence, there is a high prevalence and negative consequences in both perpetration and victimization, which can vary according to culture, but maintain common characteristics in traditional societies. Factors associated with the perpetration and victimization of gender-based violence among adolescents include gender inequality, discrimination, substance use, parental neglect, peer influence and exposure to family violence. Despite modern criticisms of gender expectations, traditional views that legitimize violence persist. In this sense, the collection of global data on the prevalence and factors associated with dating violence among adolescents could favour comparative studies between Western and Eastern cultures and is fundamental for informing public policies in a globalized world. It is hoped that the results will contribute to expanding scientific knowledge in the area, as well as helping managers and the academic community to target resources, identify risk groups and promote gender equality from adolescence onwards. In this sense, this study aims to globally assess the prevalence and factors associated with the perpetration and victimization of dating violence among adolescents. It is hoped that the results will expand scientific knowledge in this area.

Arrival of 12 Families of Karen in Andaman: Adaptation and Present Status of the Karen Community

The arrival of twelve Karen families in the Andaman Islands during the British colonial period marks a significant historical event in the cultural and demographic evolution of the region. The Karen, an indigenous group from Myanmar, faced immense challenges in adapting to a new environment, shaping their socio-economic practices, cultural traditions, and integration into the broader Andaman society. This research paper aims to explore the origins of the Karen migration, the factors influencing their adaptation in the Andaman Islands, and the present socio-economic and cultural status of the Karen community in contemporary times.

Purchasing Power as a Major Determinant of Food Security in Rural and Semi-Urban Areas: A South African Household Experience

This study examined the complex role religion plays in both promoting and ending sexual and gender-based violence against women in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. While major religious traditions emphasize equality and non-violence, certain interpretations of religious texts and cultural traditions have enabled patriarchal norms that subjugate women. Qualitative data from interviews with 18 respondents across Christian, Muslim, and traditional African religious communities revealed ongoing oppressive practices like forced marriage and early marriage of young girls, divorce, physical abuse such as wife battering, sexual abuse, and victim-blaming. However, religious institutions are increasingly initiating efforts to combat this violence through advocacy, education, counselling services, and partnerships with civil society groups. While these initiatives exist, significant challenges remain in transforming deeply entrenched sociocultural norms that enable violence against women. These initiatives demonstrate how religious institutions can leverage their moral authority to transform sociocultural norms enabling violence against women. The study highlights the need for sustained engagement with religious communities, reinterpretation of doctrine promoting gender equality, and collaborative efforts across sectors to eliminate this pervasive human rights issue. Harnessing the influential role of religion through a progressive, rights-based approach is crucial for addressing sexual and gender-based violence in the Tamale Metropolis and similar contexts. By delving into this intricate dynamic within the context of the Tamale Metropolis in Ghana, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of how religious beliefs, interpretations, and institutions can either perpetuate or combat this form of violence. Keywords: Sexual Violence, Gender, Religion, Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Ending Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Against Women in the Tamale Metropolis: The Role of Religion

This study examined the complex role religion plays in both promoting and ending sexual and gender-based violence against women in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. While major religious traditions emphasize equality and non-violence, certain interpretations of religious texts and cultural traditions have enabled patriarchal norms that subjugate women. Qualitative data from interviews with 18 respondents across Christian, Muslim, and traditional African religious communities revealed ongoing oppressive practices like forced marriage and early marriage of young girls, divorce, physical abuse such as wife battering, sexual abuse, and victim-blaming. However, religious institutions are increasingly initiating efforts to combat this violence through advocacy, education, counselling services, and partnerships with civil society groups. While these initiatives exist, significant challenges remain in transforming deeply entrenched sociocultural norms that enable violence against women. These initiatives demonstrate how religious institutions can leverage their moral authority to transform sociocultural norms enabling violence against women. The study highlights the need for sustained engagement with religious communities, reinterpretation of doctrine promoting gender equality, and collaborative efforts across sectors to eliminate this pervasive human rights issue. Harnessing the influential role of religion through a progressive, rights-based approach is crucial for addressing sexual and gender-based violence in the Tamale Metropolis and similar contexts. By delving into this intricate dynamic within the context of the Tamale Metropolis in Ghana, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of how religious beliefs, interpretations, and institutions can either perpetuate or combat this form of violence. Keywords: Sexual Violence, Gender, Religion, Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Traditional Eye Cosmetics and Cultural Powders as a Source of Lead Exposure.

We aimed to describe the characteristics of traditional eye cosmetics and cultural powders, including the types, lead concentrations, origin, and regional variation in product names, and assess the differences in blood lead levels (BLLs) between product users and non-users. We analyzed 220 samples of traditional eye cosmetics and cultural powders collected in New York City between 2013 and 2022 during lead poisoning investigations and store surveys. We compared the BLLs of children who used these products with those of non-users. Lead levels in traditional eye cosmetics surma and kohl were much higher than levels in kajal and other cultural powders. Although the terminologies surma, kohl, and kajal are often used interchangeably, findings suggest regional variations in the product names. The majority of the surma in this study were from Pakistan, kohl was from Morocco, and kajal was from India. The results also show that these products can contribute to elevated BLLs in children. Our study reveals that traditional eye cosmetics and cultural powders are used among children as young as newborns, and exposure to these products can significantly add to their lead body burden. The study findings also reveal that lead concentrations in these products can vary by product type and product names can vary by region. Public health officials must be cognizant of these unique variations and use culturally appropriate terminologies for these types of products because such distinctions can be critical when conducting risk assessments, risk communication, and risk reduction activities.

Identity Struggle and Ethno-Social Conflict in Papua: Uncovering the Root of the Problem and Finding Sustainable Solutions

Background: Papua Province is a region rich in diverse ethnicities and has complex social dynamics due to significant ethnic differences. Social conflicts in Papua are not only conflicts between individuals, but also reflect broader changes with cultural, political and socio-economic aspects.Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the determinants of social conflict in Papua based on ethnicity and to propose strategies for achieving sustainable social harmony.Method: This research employs a qualitative method focusing on indigenous Papuans, selecting informants such as traditional leaders, community leaders, youth, women, religious figures, and bureaucrats through in-depth interviews and literature studies conducted from July to August 2023.Results: Papuan ethnic identity is shaped by their unique cultural values and traditions, distinguishing them from other ethnic groups in Papua. However, the government's development programs fail to address this identity, contributing to the marginalization of Papuans.Conclusion: The conflict in Papua stems from Papuans fighting for their basic rights tied to their ethnic identity, rather than economic or political issues, highlighting the need for future research on development policies that respect this identity.

Biodiversity and antifouling activity of microbes associated with gorgonian corals Leptogorgia rigida and Menella kanisa from the South China Sea

Recently, coral-associated microorganisms have attracted widespread attention, and most of these studies have focused on stony and soft corals. However, our knowledge of the diversity and bioactivity of microorganisms in gorgonian corals is still limited. In this study, the biodiversity of microbes in two gorgonian corals (Leptogorgia rigida and Menella kanisa) from the South China Sea was investigated by combining traditional culture method with molecular biology technique (bacterial 16S or fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA gene sequences). A total of 216 bacterial and 98 fungal isolates were obtained using 4 different isolation media. These isolates were identified and belonged to 31 bacterial and 12 fungal species, suggesting an unexpectedly diverse microbial community harbored in the South China Sea gorgonian corals L. rigida and M. kanisa. Furthermore, 56% of the tested microbial isolates displayed various antifouling activities against four biofouling organisms (including two microfouling bacteria Micrococcus luteus and Shewanella onedensis, and two macrofouling organisms Bugula neritina and Balanus amphitrite). Among the microbial isolates with antifouling activity, Bacillus firmus SCAU-038 and Streptomyces parvulus SCAU-062 displayed moderate or strong antifouling activity against all tested biofouling organisms. This is the first study on the biodiversity and antifouling activity of microorganisms associated with gorgonians L. rigida and M. kanisa from the South China Sea. These results contribute to the further understanding of microorganisms associated with gorgonian corals and provide potential resources for new natural antifouling agents.

The Religiosity of the Banyumasan Lengger Dance: Tradition, Transformation, and Contemporary Practices

Lengger Banyumasan dance is a traditional performing art that has been practiced in the Banyumas region, Central Java, for centuries. This dance is known for its distinctive style characterized by graceful and sensual movements of female dancers called "Lengger". Originating from the pre-Islamic era, this dance was originally closely related to the spiritual and religious beliefs of the Banyumas people. This study aims to explore the religious and traditional aspects of the Lengger Banyumasan dance, as well as the transformations that have occurred in its form and function over time. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a focus on analyzing the religious and traditional aspects of the Lengger Banyumasan dance. This study involved a literature review covering a variety of academic sources, reports, and cultural resources to gain a comprehensive understanding of the historical, cultural, and religious context of the Lengger dance. The results of this study indicate that the Lengger Banyumasan dance has strong roots in the religious and cultural traditions of the Banyumas people. This dance was originally performed as part of rituals and ceremonies aimed at promoting fertility, prosperity, and community well-being. Although the dance has undergone significant transformation, from being initially ritual-based to being more entertainment-oriented, it still maintains a strong connection to the religious beliefs of the Banyumas people. The conclusion of this study is that the Lengger Banyumasan dance is a rich and multifaceted performing art, rooted in the religious and cultural traditions of the Banyumas region. Despite changes over time, the dance remains an important part of the social and cultural fabric of the region and is increasingly recognized for its significance as a unique and valuable form of cultural expression. Conservation and promotion efforts for this dance are ongoing to ensure its sustainability as a valuable cultural heritage.

Consanguinity and Occurrence of Monogenic Diseases in a Single Tertiary Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A 2 Years Cross-Sectional Study.

Consanguinity, or the practice of marrying close relatives, is a common cultural tradition in Saudi Arabia, with rates among the highest in the world. This practice has significant implications for the prevalence and distribution of major single genetic defects and chromosomal abnormalities within the Saudi population. Herein, using the BESTCare electronic medical record system (designed to streamline hospital operations, enhance patient care, and improve the overall efficiency of healthcare services; bestcare.ezcaretech.com) in a single tertiary centre, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, we performed a cross-sectional study for all patients referred to the hospital from the 1st January 2020 until 1st January 2022. The present study, which included 1100 individuals, found a high prevalence of consanguinity (64%) and a significant proportion of third-degree relatives (69%). The mean age of participants was 12.24 years, and the diagnostic rate using advanced molecular genetics techniques was 45%, with whole exome sequencing (WES) being the most common method (43%). The study also noted a significant delay in diagnosis for more than a year in 16% of cases, with a common neurodevelopmental phenotype (18%). In conclusion, we revealed the prevalence of consanguineous marriages in the KASCH hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We also highlighted the most frequently referred phenotype. These findings are consistent with previous research on the prevalence and impact of consanguinity on rare genetic disorders.