Traditional Criteria Research Articles

Sustainable Retrofitting Criteria in Heritage Buildings: Case Study in Seville (Spain)

The construction sector has an important role to play in reducing the threat of climate change. Thus, this work proposes, analyses, and compares two constructive strategies for the intervention/rehabilitation of a protected building located in Seville (Spain). The first solution intends to follow traditional techniques and standardized criteria, while the second option takes into account environmental aspects for the constructive definition of the proposal. An environmental study of each constructive solution, using a life-cycle assessment methodology, as well as an energy behavior analysis were carried out. The results show that the “sustainable proposal” represents a significant environmental improvement, in which a reduction in CO2 emissions and incorporated energy can be appreciated apart from an optimal energy certification. Finally, the sustainable proposal reveals a significant economic reduction in the total budget of the intervention.

Identification of Extended Emission Gamma-Ray Burst Candidates Using Machine Learning

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been classified traditionally based on their duration. The increasing number of extended emission (EE) GRBs, lasting typically more than 2s but with properties similar to those of short GRBs, challenges the traditional classification criteria. In this work, we use the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), a machine-learning technique, to classify GRBs. We present the results for GRBs observed until 2022 July by the Swift/BAT (Burst Alert Telescope) instrument in all its energy bands. We show the effects of varying the learning rate and perplexity parameters as well as the benefit of preprocessing the data by a nonparametric noise-reduction technique. Consistently with previous works, we show that the t-SNE method separates GRBs into two subgroups. We also show that EE GRBs reported by various authors under different criteria tend to cluster in a few regions of our t-SNE maps and identify seven new EE GRB candidates by using the gamma-ray data provided by the automatic pipeline of Swift/BAT and the proximity with previously identified EE GRBs.

Randomized Clinical Trials and Observational Tribulations: Providing Clinical Evidence for Personalized Surgical Pain Management Care Models.

Proving clinical superiority of personalized care models in interventional and surgical pain management is challenging. The apparent difficulties may arise from the inability to standardize complex surgical procedures that often involve multiple steps. Ensuring the surgery is performed the same way every time is nearly impossible. Confounding factors, such as the variability of the patient population and selection bias regarding comorbidities and anatomical variations are also difficult to control for. Small sample sizes in study groups comparing iterations of a surgical protocol may amplify bias. It is essentially impossible to conceal the surgical treatment from the surgeon and the operating team. Restrictive inclusion and exclusion criteria may distort the study population to no longer reflect patients seen in daily practice. Hindsight bias is introduced by the inability to effectively blind patient group allocation, which affects clinical result interpretation, particularly if the outcome is already known to the investigators when the outcome analysis is performed (often a long time after the intervention). Randomization is equally problematic, as many patients want to avoid being randomly assigned to a study group, particularly if they perceive their surgeon to be unsure of which treatment will likely render the best clinical outcome for them. Ethical concerns may also exist if the study involves additional and unnecessary risks. Lastly, surgical trials are costly, especially if the tested interventions are complex and require long-term follow-up to assess their benefit. Traditional clinical testing of personalized surgical pain management treatments may be more challenging because individualized solutions tailored to each patient's pain generator can vary extensively. However, high-grade evidence is needed to prompt a protocol change and break with traditional image-based criteria for treatment. In this article, the authors review issues in surgical trials and offer practical solutions.

A Survey of Data Quality Requirements That Matter in ML Development Pipelines

The fitness of the systems in which Machine Learning (ML) is used depends greatly on good-quality data. Specifications on what makes a good-quality dataset have traditionally been defined by the needs of the data users—typically analysts and engineers. Our article critically examines the extent to which established data quality frameworks are applicable to contemporary use cases in ML. Using a review of recent literature at the intersection of ML, data management, and human-computer interaction, we find that the classical “fitness-for-use” view of data quality can benefit from a more stage-specific approach that is sensitive to where in the ML lifecycle the data are encountered. This helps practitioners to plan their data quality tasks in a manner that meets the needs of the stakeholders who will encounter the dataset, whether it be data subjects, software developers or organisations. We therefore propose a new treatment of traditional data quality criteria by structuring them according to two dimensions: (1) the stage of the ML lifecycle where the use case occurs vs. (2) the main categories of data quality that can be pursued (intrinsic, contextual, representational and accessibility). To illustrate how this works in practice, we contribute a temporal mapping of the various data quality requirements that are important at different stages of the ML data pipeline. We also share some implications for data practitioners and organisations that wish to enhance their data management routines in preparation for ML.

Between theory and practice: educators’ perceptions on assessment quality criteria and its impact on student learning

IntroductionThe shift toward an assessment for learning culture includes assessment quality criteria that emphasise the learning process, such as transparency and learning impact, in addition to the traditional validity and reliability criteria. In practice, the quality of the assessment depends on how the criteria are interpreted and applied. We explored how educators perceive and achieve assessment quality, as well as how they perceive assessment impact upon student learning.MethodsWe employed a qualitative research approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 37 educators at one Dutch research university. The data were subsequently analysed using a template analysis.ResultsThe findings indicate that educators predominantly perceive and achieve assessment quality through traditional criteria. The sampled curricular stakeholders largely perceived assessment quality at the course level, whilst few specified programme-level quality criteria. Furthermore, educators perceived the impact of assessment on student learning in two distinct ways: as a source of information to monitor and direct student learning, and as a tool to prompt student learning.DiscussionThe shift toward a culture of assessment for learning is not entirely reflected in educators’ current perceptions. The study’s findings set the stage for better assessment quality and alignment with an assessment for learning culture.

A Review of The Microgenre: A Quick Look at Small Culture

A Review of <i>The Microgenre: A Quick Look at Small Culture</i>

ACETABULAR SECTOR ANGLES IN ASYMPTOMATIC AND DYSPLASTIC HIPS: DEFINING THRESHOLDS FOR DYSPLASIA

Traditional radiographic criteria might underestimate or fail to detect subtle types of acetabular dysplasia. Acetabular sector angles (ASA) can measure the degree of anterior and posterior coverage of the femoral head on computed tomography (CT). This study aims to determine ASA values at different axial levels in a cohort of (1) asymptomatic, high-functioning hips without underlying hip pathology (controls); and (2) symptomatic, dysplastic hips that underwent periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Thereby, we aimed to define CT-based thresholds for hip dysplasia and its subtypes.This is an IRB approved cross-sectional study of 51 high functioning, asymptomatic patients (102 hips) (Oxford Hip Score &gt;43), without signs of osteoarthritis (Tönnis grade≤1), who underwent a CT scan of the pelvis (mean age: 52.1±5.5 years; 52.9% females); and 66 patients (72 hips) with symptomatic hip dysplasia treated with peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO) (mean age: 29.3±7.3 years; 85.9% females). Anterior and posterior acetabular sector angles (AASA &amp; PASA) were measured by two observers at three CT axial levels to determine equatorial, intermediate, and proximal ASA. Inter- and intra-observer reliability coefficient was high (between 0.882–0.992). Cut-off values for acetabular deficiency were determined based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.The dysplastic group had significantly smaller ASAs compared to the Control Group, AUC was the highest at the proximal and intermediate PASA. Controls had a mean proximal PASA of 162°±17°, with a cut-off value for dysplasia of 137° (AUC: 0.908). At the intermediate level, the mean PASA of controls was 117°±11°, with a cut-off value of 107° (AUC 0.904). Cut-off for anterior dysplasia was 133° for proximal AASA (AUC 0.859) and 57° for equatorial AASA (AUC 0.868). Cut-off for posterior dysplasia was 102° for intermediate PASA (AUC 0.933).Measurement of ASA on CT is a reliable tool to identify dysplastic hips with high diagnostic accuracy. Posterior ASA less than 137° at the proximal level, and 107° at the intermediate level should alert clinicians of the presence of dysplasia.

Feature-Sensitive Coverage for Conformance Testing of Programming Language Implementations

The conformance testing of programming language implementations is crucial to support correct and consistent execution environments. Because manually maintaining conformance tests for real-world programming languages is cumbersome and labor-intensive, researchers have presented various ways to make conformance tests effective and efficient. One such approach is to use graph coverage, one of the most widely-used coverage criteria, to generate tests that reach different parts of a mechanized language specification. Since mechanized specifications use functions or inductive definitions to describe the semantics of language features, traditional graph coverage criteria for software work as they are. However, they may not produce high-quality conformance tests because language implementations often have specialized execution paths for different features, even when their semantics descriptions use the same functions. Traditional graph coverage may not distinguish test requirements of such language features, which degrades the quality of conformance testing. Similarly, it may not distinguish test requirements of different parts of the same language feature when their semantics descriptions use the same functions. We present feature-sensitive (FS) coverage as a novel coverage criterion to generate high-quality conformance tests for language implementations. It is a general extension of graph coverage, refining conventional test requirements using the innermost enclosing language features. We also introduce feature-call-path-sensitive (FCPS) coverage, a variant of FS coverage, and extend both coverage criteria using the 𝑘-limiting approach. To evaluate the effectiveness of the new coverage criteria for language implementations, we apply them to a mechanized specification of JavaScript. We extend JEST, the state-of-the-art JavaScript conformance test synthesizer using coverage-guided mutational fuzzing, with various FS and FCPS coverage criteria. For the latest JavaScript language specification (ES13, 2022), our tool automatically synthesizes 237,981 conformance tests in 50 hours with five coverage criteria. We evaluated the conformance of eight mainstream JavaScript implementations (four engines and four transpilers) with the synthesized conformance tests and discovered bugs in all of them. The tool detected 143 distinct conformance bugs (42 in engines and 101 in transpilers), 85 of which were confirmed by the developers and 83 of which were newly discovered bugs.

Development and application of the Cancer Cachexia Staging Index for the diagnosis and staging of cancer cachexia

ObjectiveThe current tools for evaluating cancer cachexia are either too simple to reflect the far-reaching effects of cachexia or too complicated to be used in daily practice. This study aimed to develop a cancer cachexia staging index (CCSI) that is both practical and comprehensive. MethodsPatients with gastrointestinal cancers were prospectively included in the study. Clinical data including weight change, body composition, systematic inflammation, nutrition, and function status were entered into regression models to determine the best variable combination as well as their respective cutoff values and score distribution in the CCSI. The CCSI's ability to predict outcomes and evaluate the consequences of cachexia for patients were then assessed. ResultsClinical information and test results from 10 568 patients were used to develop a CCSI composed of subjective and objective measures. Subjective measures included body mass index–adjusted weight loss grade, rate of weight loss, inflammation (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein level), and prealbumin level. Objective measures included appetite status and physical status. Patients were diagnosed and stratified by the total CCSI score into 3 subgroups: no cachexia, mild or moderate cachexia, and severe cachexia. The CCSI grades showed good survival discrimination and were independently predictive of survival in multivariate analysis. Compared with the traditional Fearon criteria for diagnosing cancer cachexia, the CCSI was more accurate in predicting postoperative complications (net reclassification index [NRI], 2.8%; 95% CI, 0.0104–0.0456%), death (NRI, 10.68%; 95% CI, 0.0429–0.1708%), recurrence (NRI, 3.71%; 95% CI, 0.0082–0.0685%), and overall survival (NRI, 8.5%; 95% CI, 0.0219–0.1533%). The CCSI also had better discriminative ability than Fearon criteria in discriminating nutritional status, body composition, and systematic inflammation in patients with or without cachexia. A more detailed evaluation of a randomly selected subgroup (n = 1566) showed that CCSI grades had good discrimination of appetite and food intake status, physical function and muscle strength, symptom burden, and quality of life. ConclusionsThe CCSI is a comprehensive and practical evaluation tool for cancer cachexia. It can predict postoperative outcomes and survival. The CCSI stages showed good discrimination when evaluating patients with cancer in terms of nutritional status, physical function, systematic inflammation, body composition, symptom burden, and quality of life.

Expanded extracorporeal membrane oxygenation bridge to heart and lung transplant candidate selection does not impact outcomes compared to traditional candidate selection criteria.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used as a bridge to transplant (ECMO-BTT) in selected patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether 1-year post-transplant and post-ECMO survival are impacted by traditional compared to expanded selection criteria. We performed a retrospective study of patients >17 years who received ECMO as bridge to transplant (BTT) or bridge to transplant decision for lung or combined heart and lung transplantation at the Mayo Clinic Florida and Rochester. Institutional protocol excludes patients >55 years, maintained on steroids, unable to participate in physical therapy, with body mass index >30 or <18.5 kg/m2, non-pulmonary end-organ dysfunction, or unmanageable infections from ECMO-BTT. For this study, adherence to this protocol was considered traditional whereas exceptions to the protocol were considered expanded selection criteria. A total of 45 patients received ECMO as bridge therapy. Out of those 29 patients (64%) received ECMO as bridge to transplant and 16 patients (36%) as bridge to transplant decision. The traditional criteria cohort consisted of 15 (33%) patients and expanded criteria cohort consisted of 30 (67%) patients. In the traditional cohort, 9 (60%) of 15 patients were successfully transplanted compared to 16 (53%) of 30 patients in the expanded criteria cohort. No difference in being delisted or dying on the waitlist (OR: 0.58, CI: 0.13-2.58), surviving to 1-year post-transplant (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.03-9.71) or 1-year post-ECMO (OR: 0.77, CI: 0.0.23-2.56) was observed between the traditional criteria and expanded criteria cohorts. At our institution, we did not see differences in odds of 1-year post-transplant and post-ECMO survival between those who met traditional criteria compared to those who did not. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the impact of ECMO-BTT selection criteria.

Performance and symmetry measures during vertical jump testing at return to sport after ACL reconstruction

ObjectiveVertical jump tests are more sensitive in revealing asymmetries in performance metrics at the time of return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) than horizontal hop tests....

Multivariate Statistical Process Control and Classification Applied on Prostate Cancer Screening

Introduction: We report in this study the results of analyzing biomarkers in blood samples with two objectives; i) as an approach for screening patients by use of Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC); ii) Compare various classification methods with the purpose of diagnosing prostate cancer. Methods: We applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with statistical limits for outlier detection. Various splits of the data into training and test sets were chosen to evaluate the performance of classification methods as a function of the training/test sample ratio. Results: MSPC based on 12 analytes in blood samples was shown to outperform the traditional biomarker criterion: the level of the analyte Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), in screening for prostate cancer. The performance of different multivariate classification techniques for classifying which of the patients in a clinical pathway for prostate cancer have malignant tumors showed that the basic method Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and classification trees gave similar results, whereas adaboost gave a higher specificity but lower sensitivity. Conclusion: The accuracy, especially the sensitivity, does not justify any clinical use of the applied classification methods with the available biomarkers. Additional medical information about the patients might enhance the accuracy with the purpose of identifying benign and malignant tumors.

Optimization features of an aperture antenna with field variable-phase distribution

The solution of a number of tasks at maximum ranges in a wide sector of angles requires the use by radio engineering systems of an antenna with a quasi-sector directional pattern, the formation of which is provided by an variable-phase distribution of excitation sources (currents or fields). Taking into account the ambiguous influence of many parameters of such a distribution on the shape of the realized radiation pattern, the traditional optimization criteria for such an antenna are unacceptable. The possibilities and criteria of parametric optimization can be determined using numerical methods of mathematical modeling. In order to solve the problem of parametric optimization of an aperture microwave antenna with a quasi-sector radiation pattern and to select a criterion that allows achieving the best design solution of the projected antenna in this sense, its mathematical model has been developed. It is proposed to use a complex quality criterion for optimization in a uniform approximation of antennas with variable-phase field distribution in the aperture. The constructed mathematical model of a microwave antenna describing the quasi-sector radiation pattern and the corresponding field distribution in its aperture is presented, which makes it possible to determine the controlled parameters that ensure the achievement of a given optimization criterion. The determining influence of the fraction and amplitude of the antiphase section in the field distribution on the main parameters of the radiation pattern is shown. The results of mathematical modeling indicate the possibility of controlling the parameters of the quasi-vector radiation pattern of the aperture antenna and achieving a given criterion for its optimization. The results obtained can be recommended for practical use in the design of aperture antennas with variable-phase distribution of field.

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair-Beyond the EVEREST and COAPT Criteria.

Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to conventional surgery in patients with primary and secondary mitral regurgitation, especially those at high surgical risk. This review summarises alternative indications for TMVr outside of the traditional criteria derived from the major randomised trials and focusses on less common mitral valve anatomies such as commissural prolapse and bileaflet prolapse, patients with mitral annuloplasty rings, as well as acutely unwell patients with papillary muscle rupture and/or cardiogenic shock. Specific technical challenges involved in treating such patient groups are summarised and described.

False Memory and Borderline Personality Features

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning, as well as patterns of personality pathology. Memory deficits are not recognized as a core symptom of BPD, but individuals with BPD symptoms have long been suspected to have inaccurate perceptions, disturbed memory processes, and an increased tendency to develop false memories. In the present study, we examined whether there was an association between BPD features and the production of false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm—a laboratory-based procedure that is frequently used to investigate false memory. We also compared the traditional categorical BPD criteria (DSM-5 Section II) with the alternative model of personality disorders BPD criteria (DSM-5 Section III) in predicting memory performance. A total of 298 university students completed the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder, SCID-II Personality Questionnaire, Borderline Personality Disorder Impairment Scale, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Beck Depression Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Participants were also tested using both traditional DRM word lists as well as word lists that were specifically associated with BPD features. Using the traditional diagnosis of BPD, BPD features were correlated with higher false memory for positive information; in the alternative model of BPD, identity impairment and anxiousness were correlated with the overall false memory score. We also found that trauma and dissociation mediated the relation between BPD and false memory. These findings are discussed in terms of how the consequences of trauma, such as dissociation and identity disturbance, are associated with false memory. Whether false memory rates are higher in a clinical population of BPD patients than in non-clinical volunteers remains to be determined.

Driver Drowsiness Monitoring System using Machine Learning

Abstract: In today's world, sleepiness is one of the main causes of road accidents, many of which have tragic outcomes. Statistics show that the majority of traffic collisions, which frequently result in fatalities and serious injuries, are caused by sleepy driving. As a result, various studies have been done to develop software that can recognize driver tiredness and alert them before making a major error. Using methods from the automobile industry, several of the more popular ways to design their own systems. However, other factors, such as vehicle type, road design, and the capacity to operate the driver's wheel, significantly impacted these traditional criteria. In order to monitor a driver's drowsiness, certain techniques use psychological methods, which frequently produce the most accurate and dependable results. These methods are expensive, though, because electrodes must be applied to the head and torso. This paper describes a machine learning approach to sleepiness detection. The areas of the driver's eyes are located using face detection, and these regions serve as templates for eye tracking in subsequent frames. Finally, drowsiness detection is performed on the tracked eye images to produce alarm warnings. The three steps of this method are Face detection, Eye detection, and Drowsiness detection. Image processing is used to identify the driver's face, and after that, the image of the driver's eyes is extracted to look for indicators of sleepiness. The HAAR face detection algorithm uses image frames that have been captured as input before producing the detected face. To generate results, the model is provided with a sizable database of closed and open eyes. Every time the driver is observed to be sleepy, Buzz alerts the driver. The suggested method for real-time driver drowsiness detection is a practical and affordable approach.

A novel criterion of metabolically healthy obesity could effectively identify individuals with low cardiovascular risk among Chinese cohort.

Obesity has become a serious public health problem and brings a heavy burden of cardiovascular disease. Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is defined as individuals with obesity with no or only minor metabolic complications. Whether individuals with MHO have a lower cardiovascular risk remains controversial. In this study, a new criterion was used to define MHO and assess its predictive value for cardiovascular events and death. At the same time, the new criterion and the traditional criterion are compared to analyze the differences between different diagnostic criteria. A prospective cohort was established in northeast rural China from 2012 to 2013. Follow-up was conducted in 2015 and 2018 to investigate the incidence of cardiovascular events and survival. Subjects were grouped according to the metabolic health and obesity status. Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to describe the cumulative risk of endpoint events in the four groups. Cox regression analysis model was constructed to evaluate the risk of endpoint events. Analysis of variance and post hoc analyses were used to calculate and compare differences in metabolic markers between MHO subjects diagnosed by novel and traditional criteria. A total of 9345 participants 35 years of age or older without a history of cardiovascular disease were included in this study. After a median follow-up of 4.66 years, the data showed that participants in the MHO group had no significant increase in the risk of composite cardiovascular events and stroke, but had a 162% increase in the risk of coronary heart disease (HR: 2.62; 95%CI: 1.21-5.67). However, when using conventional criteria for metabolic health, mMHO group had a 52% increase in combined CVD risk (HR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.14-2.03). By comparing the differences of metabolic indicators between MHO subjects diagnosed by the two criteria, MHO subjects diagnosed by the new criterion had higher WC, WHR, TG, FPG, and lower HDL-C levels except for lower blood pressure, showing more exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The risk of combined CVD and stroke was not increased in MHO subjects. The new metabolic health criterion is superior to the traditional criterion and can effectively identify individuals with obesity with a lower risk of combined CVD. Blood pressure levels may be responsible for the inconsistent risk of combined CVD in MHO subjects diagnosed with both criteria.

Consumer housing choices among residents living in wooden multi-storey buildings

Wooden multi-storey construction (WMC) offers an alternative building solution for urban consumers seeking a low-carbon, sustainable lifestyle yet, the literature on consumer experiences in newly constructed WMC-apartments is sparse. This exploratory study develops an understanding about consumer choices with newly built WMC-apartments through thematic interviews of residents and property managers in five cities across Finland and Sweden. Contents analysis reveals that neither building material nor sustainability triggered the residents’ initial interest in the new apartment. Residents found WMC appealing but traditional housing choice criteria (e.g. location, floor plan and affordability) guided the ultimate purchasing decision. Notwithstanding, residents expressed that the newly developed neighbourhoods suffered from limited services but trusted that future long-term development would increase service availability. Wood material was experienced as mainly positive and was assessed together with overall aesthetics, sustainability and durability aspects of the building. Residents trusted that the builders considered the apartment’s sustainability criteria during construction (e.g. material durability and resistance to changing climate conditions).

Two first-order phase transitions in hybrid compact stars: Higher-order multiplet stars, reaction modes, and intermediate conversion speeds

We study compact stars with hybrid equations of state consisting of a nuclear outer region and two nested quark phases, each separated from the lower density phase by a strong first-order phase transition. The stability of these models is determined by calculating their radial oscillation modes with different conversion rates between adjacent phases and hence junction conditions for the modes at the phase separation interface between them. In the case when the timescale of transition is faster than the period of oscillations, we recover the traditional stability criterion implying that $\ensuremath{\partial}M/\ensuremath{\partial}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}&gt;0$ on the stable branch(es), where $M$ is the mass and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$ is the central density. In the opposite limit of slow conversion, we find stable stellar multiplets beyond triplets consisting of stars that are stable by the usual criterion plus slow-conversion (denoted by $s$) hybrid stars with $\ensuremath{\partial}M/\ensuremath{\partial}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}&lt;0$ that are stabilized due to an alternative junction condition on the fluid displacement field at the interface reflecting the slow rate of conversion. We also study the properties of the reaction mode, the radial mode that only exists for stars with rapid (abbreviated by $r$) phase transitions, in stars with either two rapid phase transitions or alternating rapid and slow phase transitions for the first time. The implications of alternative junction conditions are also examined, with these conditions generally being found to provide stability properties similar to those for a slow conversion rate.

Making science public: a review of journalists' use of Open Access research.

Science journalists are uniquely positioned to increase the societal impact of open research outputs by contextualizing and communicating findings in ways that highlight their relevance and implications for non-specialist audiences. Yet, it is unclear to what degree journalists use open research outputs, such as open access publications or preprints, in their reporting; what factors motivate or constrain this use; and how the recent surge in openly available research seen during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected this. This article examines these questions through a review of relevant literature published from 2018 onwards-particularly literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic-as well as seminal articles outside the search dates. We find that research that explicitly examines journalists' engagement with open access publications or preprints is scarce, with existing literature mostly addressing the topic tangentially or as a secondary concern, rather than a primary focus. Still, the limited body of evidence points to several factors that may hamper journalists' use of these outputs and thus warrant further exploration. These include an overreliance on traditional criteria for evaluating scientific quality; concerns about the trustworthiness of open research outputs; and challenges using and verifying the findings. We also find that, while the COVID-19 pandemic encouraged journalists to explore open research outputs such as preprints, the extent to which these explorations will become established journalistic practices remains unclear. Furthermore, we note that current research is overwhelmingly authored and focused on the Global North, and the United States specifically. We conclude with recommendations for future research that attend to issues of equity and diversity, and more explicitly examine the intersections of open access and science journalism.