Traditional Chemotherapy Group Research Articles

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma: a multicentre retrospective analysis.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) exhibit superior efficacy in relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), but few studies have evaluated patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL, and even fewer studies have evaluated differences in efficacy between treatment with BTKi and traditional chemotherapy. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 86 patients with PCNSL and identified predictors of poor prognosis for overall survival (OS). After excluding patients who only received palliative care, 82 patients were evaluated for efficacy and survival. According to the induction regimen, patients were divided into the traditional chemotherapy, BTKi combination therapy, and radiotherapy groups; the objective response rates (ORR) of the three groups were 71.4%, 96.2%, and 71.4% (P = 0.037), respectively. Both median progression-free survival and median duration of remission showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.019 and P = 0.030, respectively). The median OS of the BTKi-containing therapy group was also longer than that of the traditional chemotherapy group (not reached versus 47.8 (32.5-63.1) months, P = 0.038).Seventy-one patients who achieved an ORR were further analyzed, and achieved an ORR after four cycles of treatment and maintenance therapy had prolonged OS (P = 0.003 and P = 0.043, respectively). In conclusion, survival, and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL are influenced by the treatment regimen, with the BTKi-containing regimen showing great potential.

Value of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio in the Prognosis of Patients with Multiple Myeloma

To investigate the effect of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in the valuation prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The clinical data of 82 patients with initially diagnosed MM admitted to Gansu Provincial People's Hospital was analyzed retrospectively. NLR and MLR were calculated based on blood routine results respectively. The optimal cut-off point of NLR and MLR was determined according to the ROC curve, and the patients were divided into the high NLR/MLR group and the low NLR/MLR group. The general data, biochemical indicators and prognosis of the patients in each groups were compared respectively. The prognostic significance of the high NLR/MLR group and the low NLR/MLR group in patients between different treatment regimens and different clinical characteristics were analyzed. Risk stratification was designed based on NLR and high MLR as two risk factors, and the effect of risk factors, on the prognosis of MM patients were compared. ROC curve analysis determined that the optimal cut-off point of NLR was 3.1 (sensitivity 75%, specificity 70.7%) and the optimal cut-off point of MLR was 0.34 (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 53.4%). The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were correlated to NLR and MLR (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in age, sex, serum calcium (Ca), β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG), albumin (Alb), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT), serum creatinine (Cr), bone marrow plasma cell ratio and ISS stage between the two groups (P>0.05). The OS rate of patients with higher NLR and MLR was lower than those with low NLR and MLR and showed poor prognosis; Further analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in OS time among patients with different MLR and NLR in the new drug treatment group and the traditional chemotherapy group, as well as patients in different age stratification groups, different β 2-MG stratification groups and different serum creatinine stratification groups. Patients with 2 risk factors showed a poorer prognosis than those with 0-1 risk factor. Elevated NLR and MLR are associated with poor prognosis in MM patients and may serve as the cost-effective and readily available prognostic biomarkers.

Prognosis and Genetic Characteristics of Patients with Plasma Cell Leukemia

To evaluate the clinical characteristics, genetic abnormalities, treatment efficacy and prognostic factors in patients with plasma cell leukemia(PCL). 30 patients diagnosed as PCL in our hospital from January 1993 to December 2019 were enrolled, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, therapeutic regimes, and survival data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. The median age of the 30 patients was 56.5 (28-80) years old, among them, 25 patients were primary plasma cell leukemia, and 5 patients were secondary plasma cell leukemia. Complex karyotypes and subdiploids were most common in cytogenetic abnormalities. Among the 20 cases of chromosome G banding, 11 (55%) cases were complex karyotypes and 8 (40%) cases were hypodiploid. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) test showed that among 11 cases, 6 cases showed 17p13 deletion, 8 cases showed at least two kinds of abnormalities, which including t (14; 16), t (8; 14), t (11;14), 17p13 deletion, and 13q14 deletion. The median overall survival (OS) time was 10.5 months for all patients. The median OS time of the patients in ECOG score ≤ 2 group was 21.5 months, which was significantly longer than those in the ECOG score>2 group(1.2 months) (P=0.017). The median OS time of the patients treated with novel agents (including proteasome inhibitor and/or immunomodulator) was 24.9 months, which was significantly longer than the patients treated with traditional chemotherapy group(10.5 months) (P＜0.001). For the patients treated with novel agents, the median OS time of patients accepted two novel agents combination was 30.9 months, which was longer than those of single novel agent(11.5 months) (P=0.021). The effect of genetic abnormolity to the OS of the patients showed no statistical difference. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that ECOG score>2 was the independent prognostic factor of plasma cell leukemia patients. There were two patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the study,but died due to the pulmonary infection within 6 months after transplantation. In the era of novel agents, ECOG score is an independent prognostic factor of plasma cell leukemia. Multiple novel agents treatment should be underwent as soon as possible to improve the prognosis of the patients. Pulmonary infection is a common factor that cause the death of the patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Immune-related Adverse Events Induced by ICIs in Advanced NSCLC: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

背景与目的近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs)因其对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者在延长生存方面显示出了显著的疗效而成为肿瘤领域的热点。但其介导的免疫相关不良事件(immune-related adverse events, ir-AEs)由于其特异性、严重性亦频发报道。本研究拟系统评价ICIs治疗晚期NSCLC患者所致ir-AEs，旨在为晚期NSCLC患者的治疗选择及ir-AEs的早期诊断和治疗提供参考。方法检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMBASE等数据库关于ICIs治疗晚期NSCLC的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial, RCT)。主要结局指标包括ir-AEs发病数量、级别。采用相对危险度(relative risk, RR)为效应量，各效应量以95%置信区间(confidence interval, CI)表示; 应用Stata 15.0/Revman 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果本文共纳入17个RCTs。ICIs所致ir-AEs一般多于传统化疗组。在ICIs单药治疗组中，抗细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-asscociated antigen 4, CTLA-4)组所致ir-AEs的总体发病率最高; ICIs联合治疗所致各级别ir-AEs的发病率高于单药治疗组，但其所致严重ir-AEs的发病率与抗CTLA-4组相似。结论ICIs与传统化疗毒性谱不同，其免疫相关毒性较传统化疗更强。ICIs所致ir-AEs具有器官特异性，不同类型的ICIs具有独特的免疫相关毒性谱。随着ICIs逐渐成为治疗晚期NSCLC的一种新型、有效的治疗方案，本文通过系统阐述ICIs治疗晚期NSCLC所致ir-AEs，为临床医生和患者对ICIs进一步的认识提供了帮助，并对ir-AEs的早发现、早诊断、早治疗提供数据参考及管理建议，使晚期NSCLC患者进一步从免疫疗法中获益。

Evaluation of IgG, IgM, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Tezio and Apatinib in gastric cancer patients

This experiment was carried out to study the effect the neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Tezio and Apatinib on the treatment of advanced gastric cancer and its impact on the postoperative immune function of patients' function. The patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated in gastrointestinal surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were divided into two groups. The new chemotherapy and the traditional chemotherapy groups. The new chemotherapy group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy of Tezio combined with Apatinib before surgery, and the control group received the traditional first-line chemotherapy regimen of oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine. During the chemotherapy, the adverse complications of the two groups of patients were recorded, and the RECIST1.1 evaluation system was used to evaluate the chemotherapy effect of the patients after chemotherapy. At the same time, the R0 resection rate of the two groups of patients with gastric cancer radical surgery was recorded and compared. The fasting venous blood of the patients was collected before the chemotherapy, after the end of chemotherapy, and one week after the operation. The content of immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) was measured. The flow cytometry was used to detect CD4 + T cells and CD8+ T cells. A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this study, including 26 patients in the new chemotherapy group. Chi-square test showed that the incidence of bone marrow suppression (Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia) and liver dysfunction in the new chemotherapy group were lower than that in the traditional chemotherapy group (all P &lt;0.05), but the surgical R0 resection rate in the new chemotherapy group was higher than that in the traditional chemotherapy group (P &lt;0.05). Wilcoxon rank-sum test and chi-square test found that the chemotherapy effect of the new chemotherapy group was better than that of the traditional chemotherapy group, and the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the IgG, IgM and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios of the patients in the new chemotherapy group were higher than that of traditional chemotherapy group (all P &lt;0.05). Apatinib combined with Tezio's preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve the chemotherapy effect of advanced gastric cancer, increase the rate of surgical R0 resection, and reduce the patient's immunosuppressive status during treatment.

Combined Immunotherapy (OK-432, IL-2) With Chemotherapy Decrease the Recurrence Rate in Advanced Ovarian Cancer.

In advanced ovarian cancer, traditional therapy included debulking surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. We proposed immunochemotherapy (IMCT) combined with picibanil (OK-432), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and traditional platinum- and taxol-based chemotherapy as a better treatment option for advanced ovarian cancer. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 51 patients with advanced ovarian cancer between 2007 and 2015 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, including 26 patients who were treated with OK-432, IL-2, and platinum- and taxol-based chemotherapy (IMCT group) after debulking surgery; another 25 were treated with traditional platinum- and taxol-based chemotherapy (traditional chemotherapy group) after debulking surgery. We analyzed the difference in age, follow-up period, recurrence rate, and diagnosis-to-recurrence period between the 2 groups. We also analyzed the difference in complete blood cell counts, differentiating counts, and cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) at 1 month after treatment. The recurrence rate between the IMCT and traditional chemotherapy groups showed a significant difference (53.8% vs 88%; P = .0128). The diagnosis-to-recurrence duration was longer in the IMCT than in the traditional chemotherapy groups (33.21 vs 25.63 months), although no statistical significance was found ( P = .4668). In laboratory analysis at 1 month after treatment, the white blood cell, absolute neutrophil, and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) were significantly higher in the IMCT group. On the other hand, CA-125 was significantly lower, and ALC was significantly higher in the nonrecurrence group. Combined IMCT and chemotherapy have lower recurrence rate compared to traditional chemotherapy after debulking surgery for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.

Clinical analysis of 70 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with trisomy 12 detected by FISH

目的总结探讨FISH检测12号染色体三体（CEP12）阳性慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）患者的临床特征、治疗情况及预后。方法回顾性分析2003年5月至2015年4月接受FISH检测CEP12的330例CLL患者临床资料，比较CEP12阳性患者（70例）和CEP12阴性患者（260例）临床特征、疗效及预后差异。结果与CEP12阴性患者相比，CEP12阳性患者肝肿大（13.6%对4.0%，P=0.011）及LDH>247 U/L（43.3%对18.5%，χ2=15.892，P<0.001）比例更高，而发病年龄、性别、临床分期、β2微球蛋白水平、IGHV突变比例及脾脏/淋巴结肿大等方面差异无统计学意义。CEP12阳性与阴性患者比较，FMC7阳性率更高（23.8%对12.7%，χ2=4.730，P=0.030），CD23阳性率更低（95.2%对99.6%，P=0.033）。氟达拉滨组、利妥昔单抗组、传统治疗组总有效率（ORR）分别为77.5%（31/40）、84.8%（56/66）、45.4%（50/110），差异有统计学意义，且传统治疗组ORR均低于氟达拉滨组及利妥昔单抗组；氟达拉滨组中CEP12阳性患者ORR低于CEP12阴性患者（42.9%对84.8%，P=0.034）；而利妥昔单抗组中CEP12阳性患者ORR高于CEP12阴性患者（91.7%对81.0%），但差异无统计学意义（P=0.306）。CEP12阳性患者中位诊断至起始治疗时间为22.6（95%CI 15.4~31.7）个月，中位总生存（OS）时间为118.5（95%CI 74.5~162.4）个月，5年无进展生存（PFS）及OS率分别为（52.9±7.6）%、（74.8±6.6）%。CEP12阳性与阴性患者比较，PFS（χ2=0.410，P=0.478）及OS（χ2=0.052，P=0.180）差异均无统计学意义。结论CEP12阳性CLL患者临床肝肿大及LDH增高更为常见，传统治疗疗效最差，单用氟达拉滨疗效不如CEP12阴性患者，但予含利妥昔单抗的治疗方案其疗效与CEP12阴性患者相当。

Using Both Lactic Dehydrogenase Levels and the Ratio of Involved to Uninvolved Free Light Chain Levels as Risk Factors Improves Risk Assessment in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the ratio of involved to uninvolved free light chain (rFLC) levels and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the risk stratification of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Materials and MethodsClinical data of 283 patients with newly diagnosed MM were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsIn the traditional chemotherapy group, patients with an rFLC < 100 had a better prognosis than those with an rFLC ≥ 100 (40 months versus 6 months, P = 0.022), as did patients with an LDH ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN) compared to those with an LDH > ULN (29 months versus 6 months, P = 0.023). In patients who underwent novel drug-combined therapy, no significant difference was observed between the rFLC < 100 group and the rFLC ≥ 100 group (54 months versus median not reached, P = 0.508). However, patients with an LDH ≤ ULN had a better prognosis than those with an LDH > ULN (60 months versus 21 months, P = 0.004). Using an rFLC ≥ 100 and an LDH ≥ ULN as adverse risk factors, patients were classified into 3 groups: group 1 (no adverse risk factors), group 2 (1 adverse risk factor) and group 3 (2 adverse risk factors). The median overall survival (OS) of groups 1, 2 and 3 was 52 months, 34 months and 15 months, respectively (P = 0.001). ConclusionsrFLC and LDH levels were sensitive prognostic factors in MM patients, combining them could improve the risk stratification and treatment choice of patients in clinical practice.

Clinical study of 32 patients with adult Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imatinib in the treatment of patients with adult Ph chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+)ALL). A total of 32 diagnosed adult Ph(+)ALL patients from July 2007 to February 2014 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into two groups: imatinib plus chemotherapy group and traditional chemotherapy group. The differences between two groups were analysed in disease-free survival time (DFS), overall survival time (OS) and toxicity. The G banding technigue was used to analyse the karyotype, and the flow cytometry was applyed to detect the immune markers on surface of cells. The results showed that all patients expressed B cell and hematopietic stem/progenitor cell immune markers, out of them 21 patients (65.6%) were with myeloid antigens, 27 patients with simple Ph (+) phenotype and 5 patients with additional chromosome abnormality. The DFS and OS of the imatinib group were statistically longer than those of the traditional chemotherapy group (14.3 ± 4.7 months vs 10.7 ± 3.8 months) (P < 0.05) and 22.6 ± 6.8 months vs 10.7 ± 3.8 months) (P < 0.05)). There was no significant difference in toxic effects between two groups (P > 0.05)). It is concluded that the all cases of adult Ph(+)ALL are with B cell phenotype and express hematopietic stem/progenitor cell antigen. They often accompanied by expression of myeloid antigens and additonal chromosome abnormality in genetics. The combination of imatinib with chemotherapy can prolong remission time and survival time for patients of non-hematopietic stem cell transplantation on the basis of no notably increasing the toxic effects.

Successful adjuvant bi-weekly gemcitabine chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer without impairing patients’ quality of life

BackgroundAlthough adjuvant gemcitabine (GEM) chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is standard, the quality of life (QOL) in those patients is still impaired by the standard regimen of GEM. Therefore, we studied whether mild dose-intensity adjuvant chemotherapy with bi-weekly GEM administration could provide a survival benefit with acceptable QOL to the patients with pancreatic cancer.MethodsAfter a phase I trial, an adjuvant bi-weekly 1,000 mg/m2 of GEM chemotherapy was performed in 58 patients with pancreatic cancer for at least 12 courses (Group A). In contrast, 36 patients who declined the adjuvant bi-weekly GEM chemotherapy underwent traditional adjuvant 5FU-based chemotherapy (Group B). Careful periodical follow-ups for side effects of GEM and disease recurrence, and assessment of patients’ QOL using the EORTC QOL questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and pancreatic cancer-specific supplemental module (QLQ-PAN26) were performed. Retrospectively, the degree of side effects, patients’ QOL, compliance rate, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in Group A were compared with those in Group B.ResultsNo severe side effects (higher than Grade 2 according to the common toxicity criteria of ECOG) were observed, except for patients in Group B, who were switched to the standard GEM chemotherapy. Patients’ QOL was better in Group A than B (fatigue: 48.9 ± 32.1 versus 68.1 ± 36.3, nausea and vomiting: 26.8 ± 20.4 versus 53.7 ± 32.6, diarrhea: 21.0 ± 22.6 versus 53.9 ± 38.5, difficulty gaining weight: 49.5 ± 34.4 versus 67.7 ± 40.5, P < 0.05). Compliance rates in Groups A and B were 93% and 47%. There was a significant difference in the median DFS between both groups (Group A : B =12.5 : 6.6 months, P < 0.001). The median OS of Group A was prolonged markedly compared with Group B (20.2 versus 11.9 months, P < 0.005). For OS between both groups, univariate analysis revealed no statistical difference in 69-year-old or under females, and T1–2 factors, moreover, multivariate analysis indicated three factors, such as bi-weekly adjuvant GEM chemotherapy, T2 or less, and R0.ConclusionsAdjuvant chemotherapy with bi-weekly GEM offered not only the advantage of survival benefits but the excellent compliance with acceptable QOL for postoperative pancreatic cancer patients.

Therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Vein Chemotherapy and Bronchial Arterial Infusion Combining with CIKs on III Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

The therapeutic efficacy of late lung-cancer was very poor, and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) were paid more attention to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to get insight into the role of bronchial arterial infusion bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) plus CIK about NSCLC by comparing therapeutic efficacy among BAI, traditional vein chemotherapy and BAI plus CIK, for late NSCLC. A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this study, dividing randomly into three groups: bronchial arterial infusion (BAI), traditional vein chemotherapy and BAI plus CIK. Clinical effects and side effects were estimated after two period of therapy. The effective rate (CR+PR%) of combined group is higher than the traditional vein chemotherapy group (66.67%, n=39) and there are significant differences (Chi-square=4.721, P=0.03); The side effect of rate of BAI plus CIK group is significantly lower than the traditional vein chemotherapy group, and so did the non-bone marrow inhibition side effects (P<0.05). The tumor progression rate (PD%) of bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) group is higher than combined group (Chi-square=4.287, P=0.038). There was no difference between the traditional vein chemotherapy group and combined group (Chi-square=0.082, P=0.775). Bronchial Artery Infusion combined with cytokine-induced killer cells is an ideal, safety, effective comprehensive treatment method for late stage lung cancer.

A radomized trial of bronchial arterial infusion(BAI), traditional vein chemotherapy and BAI plus vein chemotherapy sequential therapy in the treatment of advanced and late NSCLC.

Many patients always late disease when they diagnozed with lung cancer, the therapeutic effect of late lung-cancer was very poor, the aim of this study is to compare therapeutic effect among bronchial arterial infusion (BAI), traditional vein chemotherapy and BAI plus vein chemotherapy sequential therapy, for late NSCLC, and find a better way to treat late lung cancer. One hundred and seven patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly treated by BAI, traditional vein chemotherapy and BAI plus vein chemotherapy sequential therapy. Primary lesion's total response rate(RR) of BAI group, traditional vein chemotherapy group and sequential therapy group were: 59.22%,30.23% and 69.05%, respectively. RR of primary lesion in BAI group was significantly higher than that in traditional vein chemotherapy group(P <0.01), sequential therapy group was much higher than that in traditional vein chemotherapy group(P <0.01), there was no differences between BAI group and sequential therapy group(P >0.05). Metastasis's total response rate(RR) in BAI group, traditional vein chemotherapy group and sequential therapy group were: 18.19%, 53.58%,60.00%, respectively. RR in metastasis BAI group was significantly lower than that in traditional vein chemotherapy group(P <0.05), sequential therapy group was much higher than that in BAI group(P <0.01), there was no remarkable differences between traditional vein chemotherapy group and sequential therapy group(P >0.05). BAI plus vein chemotherapy sequential therapy has good response on both NSCLC primary lesion and metastasis.