Traditional Boat Research Articles

The Pinisi : A Study on the Development of Boat Technology

Two main problems studied in this research; traditional boat-making and the modern one. This research aimed at studying the changes taking place in the boat-making and the factors causing these changes so that the modern boat-making. Research use of historical method. The data were collected by library research, documentation, interview and observation. The skill in the making of the traditional pinisi is considered as a skill of the boat makers inherited from their ancestors from generation to generation. The traditional boat-making has very simple working relation, namely, between leader, crew members and prospective crew members. The rising demand of boats have resulted in the development of working relations. The change has also occured in the traditional boat with the introduction of motorization, in which machine are use as the moving power. The traditional tools have also developed with introduction of modern ones as a step toward the process of adaptation and the speed in the production.

Immense Potential of the Fisheries Industry as a Contributor to Oman’s Exports and Economic Development

Over the past 40 years, Oman has exhibited remarkable growth in various sectors such as infrastructure, retailing, manufacturing services and heavy industry. However, fisheries and related industries did not see much growth in the real sense. Previously, fish production in 2012 grew by 21% compared to 2011 and reached 191,000 tons in volume (or OMR142 million in value), striking an average growth rate of 6% between 2009 and 2012. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the fisheries industry in Sultanate of Oman that could eventually help in Oman’s exports and economic development. The exploratory research and descriptive method that involving surveys and interview have been used in this study. As evident, three states of Oman being studied in this research: Sohar, Muscat and Salalah. Finally, the study found that the type of transportation used by the fishermen be traditional and modern boat because it has a significant relationship to the immense presence of fishes in the Arab waters. Traditional type of fishing boat can catch as many as 0 – 300 tons, while modern type boat can catch 0 – 500 tons of fish whenever they go fishing. This scenario can bring forth a better view on how Omani people can prosper vis-a-vis with Oman’s economic diversification where the government and the Omani people will unite with one purpose. Keywords: Fisheries Industry, Oman; Exploratory, Commercial Fisherman, Artisanal Fisherman DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-12-06 Publication date: April 30 th 2020

A Validated Method for Pit Lake Water Sampling Using Aerial Drones and Sampling Devices

Pit lakes present significant safety risks for boat-based water sampling crews. The Matrice-HydraSleeve method improves the safety of water sampling in pit lakes by eliminating the need for a boat-based sampling crew. The method connects an off-the-shelf unmanned aircraft system, or drone (DJI, Matrice 600) to an off-the-shelf water sampling device (GeoInsight, HydraSleeve). It is capable of collecting 1.75 L water samples from up to 122 m deep and is simpler than previous drone water sampling methods. To validate the method, water samples were collected from similar depths in Dillon Reservoir, Colorado, USA using the Matrice-HydraSleeve method and traditional boat sampling methods using a Van Dorn water sample bottle. Concentrations of Ca, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, Cl, and Zn showed less than 20% relative percent difference, and concentrations of Cd were within ± the detection limit, meaning variability between samples met the data quality objective for duplicate samples. The method was also used on two occasions to collect eight water samples from the 101 m deep pit lake at the Thompson Creek mine in Idaho, USA including a sample from 92 m deep. Calcium and sodium concentration profiles were nearly identical, indicating little change in water chemistry and providing confidence in the method. In situ profiles of temperature and electrical conductivity collected with a conductivity-temperature-depth probe (YSI, CastAway) suspended below the drone indicated the lake was meromictic during both sampling events. To date, the Matrice-HydraSleeve method has been used at 10 pit lakes in the USA to collect 81 samples. Use of this method at other pit lakes has the potential to improve safety while lowering sampling costs and increasing data acquisition, leading to better pit lake management.

Factors for the implementation of electronic certification on small traditional boats and fishing vessels in Indonesia.

On September 2019, Directorate General of Sea Transportation, the government who in charge for the safe operation of ships in Indonesia, has introduced a new model of ship certification form. It is an electronic certificate that is used for traditional boat and fishing vessel of less than 7 gross tonnage. This electronic certificate is for the first time being applied to a ship in Indonesia. This marks a new era for ship certification in Indonesia. The conventional paper format of certification had been applied before it was changed to electronic certification.Indonesia is implementing electronic certificates on traditional vessels and fishing vessels of less than 7 gross tonnage due to several reasons. The first is the need for durable form material due to lifetime validation of certificates. The second due to problems related to misuse of previous type of conventional paper format certificates that caused difficulties in determining the number of this type of vessels in Indonesia.

Correlation between Working Postures and The Complaints of Musculoskeletal Diseases of The Fishermen in Tanjung Village, Sumenep District

Introduction: The working activities of the fishermen in Tanjung Village are still considered as traditional works providing the works are done manually with non-ergonomic working postures, such as bending, standing, squatting, and legs bending. Accordingly, these postures trigger the complaints of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs). Musculoskeletal diseases are diseases in the skeletal muscles, for example, pains, aches, pins and needles, and heat. Working as a fisherman means that one dedicates half of her/his time to catch fish mostly by using traditional boats and equipment. Thus, a lot of fishermen are discovered complaining about pains after completing their work. This research aims to distinguish the relationship among variables. Methods: This research is observational research that applies the cross-sectional design. The research samples as many as 56 fishermen are chosen by implementing the cluster random sampling technique. The data are obtained by completing measurements, interview, and observation by applying the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method and by distributing the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaires. Results: As many as 73.2% of the fishermen have a high risk of musculoskeletal diseases and 46.4% have been working in high-risk working postures. Conclusion: The working postures have a weak relationship (r=0.407) with the complaints of musculoskeletal diseases. Keywords: fishermen, complaints of musculoskeletal diseases, Nordic Body Map, Rapid Entire Body Assessment

Correlation between Working Postures and The Complaints of Musculoskeletal Diseases of The Fishermen in Tanjung Village, Sumenep District

Introduction: The working activities of the fishermen in Tanjung Village are still considered as traditional works providing the works are done manually with non-ergonomic working postures, such as bending, standing, squatting, and legs bending. Accordingly, these postures trigger the complaints of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs). Musculoskeletal diseases are diseases in the skeletal muscles, for example, pains, aches, pins and needles, and heat. Working as a fisherman means that one dedicates half of her/his time to catch fish mostly by using traditional boats and equipment. Thus, a lot of fishermen are discovered complaining about pains after completing their work. This research aims to distinguish the relationship among variables. Methods: This research is observational research that applies the cross-sectional design. The research samples as many as 56 fishermen are chosen by implementing the cluster random sampling technique. The data are obtained by completing measurements, interview, and observation by applying the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method and by distributing the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaires. Results: As many as 73.2% of the fishermen have a high risk of musculoskeletal diseases and 46.4% have been working in high-risk working postures. Conclusion: The working postures have a weak relationship (r=0.407) with the complaints of musculoskeletal diseases. Keywords: fishermen, complaints of musculoskeletal diseases, Nordic Body Map, Rapid Entire Body Assessment

The Malay Traditional Boat: Defending Malay Heritage Objects in Kelantan, East Coast of the Malaysian Peninsula

All nations have their own historical heritage and artifacts as proof of their glory and achievements. The cultural heritage of the coastal community in the Malay World is one of its highest achievements. The development of boat-making technology and navigation by the stars have been recognized by many local and foreign scholars as contributing to the advancement of humankind. The creation of various types of boats in the Malay World has also attracted the attention of many Western scholars who study these traditional boats. This article attempts to rediscover the precious Malay historical heritage of the East Coast, the Malay traditional boat, by connecting research conducted by Smyth, Gibson-Hill, Masengi and Shibata and that of other renowned scholars who carried out studies by recording information on traditional Malay boats on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. However, the recordings made by previous researchers were done at a time when traditional boat findings were few, and these were not in perfect condition. The discovery of only four traditional boat types in seven different locations suggests that the Malay heritage—which was once the glory of the Malays—has been forgotten.

Livelihood Features of Seaweed Farming Households: A Case study from Bungin Permai Village, South Konawe, South East (SE) Sulawesi, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to analyse the variations and structure of seaweed farming household incomes; to quantify the income coming from various income sources and to analyse the efficiency of seaweed farming. The study was conducted in the village of Bungin Permai, South Konawe from July to September 2016 using structured interviews. In total there were 96 household respondents involved. Income structures and strategies were analysed descriptively, while the amount of income was determined using income analysis. The results showed that most respondents worked in the fisheries sector as seaweed farmers (n=75; 77%) and also as fishermen. The average income generated by seaweed farming households was IDR. 29,154,121 annually; the income from seaweed farming was IDR. 10,556,724 annually, while the income obtained from non-fishing activities was IDR. 11,071,875 annually. The respondents generated additional income by catching crabs, fishing using traps and anchored lift nets (bagan). When all the depreciated assets (e.g. ropes, floats, and traditional boats) were included in the expenses, the mean C/R (cost-to-revenue) value of seaweed farming was 1.88. The lowest R/C was 0.96 while the highest was 21.04. Those R/C values mean that seaweed faming in Bungin Permai was generally efficient and profitable.

Pengembangan Desa Lok Baintan dengan Pemanfaatan Sampah Ilung menjadi Kertas

The Development of Lok Baintan Village by Utilizing Ilung Waste into Paper
 Lok Baintan Village is a tourism icon of Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, through the floating market, but it is classified as a disadvantaged village. The use of Kelotok (traditional boat) is the favorite choice of both local and foreign tourists. However, the trip is disturbed considering the amount of water hyacinth, local people call it as “ilung”, waste around the Martapura River. Ilung is a weed plant that grows very fast. The aim of this community service was to overcome the problem by training the community in Lok Baintan to produce a selling product, such as paper, from water hyacinth. The method used in this program was participatory communication. All parties were invited to participate in the communication process to decision making through dialogue, mentoring, and empowerment that were designed together and were sustainable. As a result, the Lok Baintan people had an improved-knowledge and a new skill. The products of this community service were paper, envelope and paper bag.

Modeling a traditional fishing boat building in East Java, Indonesia

Indonesia being an archipelago country have a long fishing industry history. Even in the modern age, there are still a lot of traditional boats that are being utilized, while researches onto modeling them are limited. In this paper, we try to model the tasks for building traditional boat. The stages for building a traditional fishing boat are separated into the following: cutting wood, hull construction, frame installation, hatches installation, the wheelhouse building installation, engines installation, painting, and sea trial. While the resources that are being used are the man hours, raw materials required, the material cost, and the labor cost. With the manhours and material requirement are in direct correlation of their ship tonnage. Modeling for the ships are done in a multivariate linear regression and simple linear regression based on the material requirement and the manhours needed. Furthermore, improvements on the construction of the ship itself were proposed with the model validation error of 5.72% and 5.78% for multivariate and linear regression respectively, providing proof that the validation error is not over fitting with the model error being 8.9% and 6.06% respectively.

The Difference of Traditional Fishing Boats in Blimbing and Brondong Sub-districts, Lamongan, Indonesia

There are 17 fisherman’s offices in Lamongan regency whose record the data of traditional fishing boats. However, there are only two fisherman’s offices whom very active, i.e.: Blimbing and Brondong sub-districts. Blimbing has the data of 394 traditional boats while Brondong has 207 ones. In this study, we compare the Gross Tonnage-Size of traditional boats, the type of fish catching tools, and the frequency distributive between the two sub-districts. The results show that the mean of GT-size in Blimbing and Brondong is 15 GT and 10 GT respectively. The Pareto charts show that more than 50% in Blimbing used trawl while more than 60% in Brondong used fishing rods. We did the hypothesis test for the mean of GT-Size. The results of hypothesis show that there are differences of mean between the two sub-districts. Subsequently, we create the frequency distributive in each district. By this study, it is expected that the data extraction of traditional boats in Blimbing and Brondong gives a comprehensive description and understanding for the standardization of traditional fishing boats.

Assessment of Occupational Hazards and Usage of Sea Safety Devices by Fishers of Kerala, India

ABSTRACTKerala, a maritime state on the west coast of peninsular India, constitutes approximately 10% of India’s total coastline and claims a 20% share in national marine fish production. The registered fishing fleet consists of about 29,969 motorized, 4248 mechanized, and 2515 non-motorized crafts. This study was done to assess occupational hazards faced by fishers as well as the usage of sea safety devices (SSDs) in Kerala. Information was collected from 180 mechanized, motorized, and traditional boat owners. The study revealed that capsizing, sinking, grounding, burning, collision, mishaps, man overboard, and injuries were common occupational hazards. SSDs used were life buoy, life jacket, first aid kit, emergency rations, fire extinguisher, fire bucket, global positioning system, magnetic compass, emergency position indicating radio beacon (EPIRB), sonar, echo sounder, oil lamp, signaling torch, and batteries. Fishers with mechanized boats had high knowledge and used most SSDs. Fishers with motorized boats had adequate knowledge but less SSD usage. Traditional and small-scale fishers did not use most SSDs. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis statistical test revealed a significant difference in regards to usage between mechanized, motorized, and traditional fishers, indicating there are gaps in usage of SSDs between the three groups of fishers. It is necessary to educate and motivate fishers with motorized and traditional boats to use SSDs.

Mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin for use as the wall of the Acehnese boat ‘Thep-Thep’

Fiber composites are very commonly used for engineering applications nowadays. The product has begun to enter the field of boat and ship manufacturing. An Acehnese traditional boat known as thep-thep, which has a capacity of 3 GT, is a means of transportation used in Aceh waters. This study focuses on the mechanical properties of the material used for the structure and walls of the thep-thep. Specimens are made from materials with E-glass fiber reinforced polyester resin. The hand lay-up method is used in the process of making the specimens, applied with a pressure of 25 kg/cm2 for 24 hours. This study aimed to obtain higher mechanical properties using composites of layers of chopped strand mat (CSM) fibers and woven roving mat (WRM) fibers with a ratio of 1:0, 1:1, and 2:1, respectively. Tensile testing is done using the ASTM D3039-00 standard. From the tensile test data obtained from several different composite ratios, the highest composite is found at around 49.2 MPa. An increase in the number of fiber layers makes the fiber composites more reliable to be the raw material in the making of the Acehnese boat thep-thep.

Mechanical behavior of hybrid glass Fiber-Jute reinforced with polymer composite for the wall of the Acehnese boat ‘Jalo Kayoh’

Hybrid fiber composites are widely used composites in engineering applications, especially for the frame and wall structure of Acehnese traditional boat Jalo Kayoh. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hybrid material which is a blend of natural jute fiber reinforced with the synthetic fibers E-glass and polyester as a matrix. The materials potential to become a material for the structure and walls in the traditional Acehnese boat Jalo Kayoh. The fabrication of the hybrid composites is carried out manually using an engineered press at a pressure of 25 kg/cm2 for 24 hours. The ratio of jute fiber and E-glass in the composites at each layer are (1:0), (1:1) and (2:1). Tensile testing of the hybrid composites refers to ASTM D 3039 - 00. The results show that the tensile strength of the hybrid composites tends to increase with the increase in the volume of the fiber, with the maximum tensile strength of 4.8 MPa. The increasing number of layers in the jute and E-glass is adding strength to the composites. This will be good to use in the initial material of the structure and walls in the traditional Acehnese boat Jalo Kayoh.

Numerical Estimation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Propeller Performance Using Rigid and Flexible Model

Composite materials have offered some improvements on the performance of hydrodynamic and structures of marine constructions. The high strength to weight and stiffness to weight ratio might be tailored through the exploitation of the fiber orientation in order to reduce the load and the stress distribution of the structure. In order to fully explore the performance of the developed glass fiber reinforce plastics (GFRP) B-series propeller for traditional purse seine boat in the North Coast of Central Java, the aim of the research is focused on the comparison of the rigid and the flexible model adopted for the simulation analysis of the propeller performance. The thrust force, the torque moment and the efficiency of the two propeller models are discussed.

Diversity species and condition of seagrass ecosystem in Teluk Awur and Prawean Jepara

Seagrass bed ecosystem is one of the coastal marine ecosystems which supports the health of coral reef ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of species and seagrass conditions in Teluk Awur and Prawean Jepara. Nowadays, increasing land development and coastal activity highly affect the condition of seagrass bed ecosystem. This research used transects quadrant method with 100 meters length. Water quality (pH, salinity, depth and substrate) were also measured. The research result showed that there were 5 species found in both site i.e. Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The lowest dominance was found in Teluk Awur for the S. isoetifolium (0.65%), while the highest dominance in both research areas is C.serrulata. The seagrass coverage showed an unhealthy condition at both location (28.55% and 48.71%). Fisherman’s traditional boat activities as well as fishing and trampling activities are suspected to be the main cause of the decreasing health index of seagrass bed ecosystem at both stations.

Studi Kinerja Rancang Bangun Sistem Penampil Informasi Hybrid Pada Perahu Nelayan Berbasis Google Maps

Boat is a type of traditional public transportation of the Indonesian people, especially the people in Penyengat Island, Riau Islands Province. Communities on Penyengat Island have many traditional boats that do not have a Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) for shipping standards. Shipping standards are needed so that the safety factor in sailing is more awake. Sailing safety factors are needed in getting help if an accident on a fishing boat occurs. Delay in help due to ignorance of the information about the accident and the position of the ship that is difficult to detect. Based on the description, it will be appointed a performance study on the design of a hybrid information display system on fishing boats to determine the location of the accident that will be displayed in the form of Google Maps. Google Maps is a digital map service application developed by Google. The combination of Google Maps and the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiving device is a very useful combination. In addition, the hybrid system used is a combination of manual systems in the form of buttons and automatic systems in the form of tilt sensors on the boat. Research results obtained that users can find out the position of objects based on latitude and longitude coordinates displayed using Google Maps.

ANCIENT MARITIME SYMBOLS IN MALAY TRADITIONAL BOAT IN THE EAST COAST, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

The study on decorative arts in Malay culture has been widely discussed by domestic and foreign researchers. However, dedicated discussions on decorative arts on traditional Malay boats are still lacking. This article will discuss the discovery of ancient symbols, which was once used in Malay traditional boat arts, especially in the East Coast, Peninsular Malaysia. The objective of this study is to draw a similarity in the understanding of maritime society around the world about the use of ancient symbols on their boats. This study used a visual analysis approach based on the findings of images resembling ancient symbols that were found in boat decorations around the world. These symbols will be described by their meaning and relevance through the use of the iconographic method. The results of this study reveal the understanding and beliefs of maritime communities around the world that are almost identical in terms of their ancient symbols. One of the artistic uniqueness produced by the Malay community is the creation of ancient symbol in a distinctive way and it is also an iconic feature that is connected to the Malay sailor community in the East Coast.

NCIENT MARITIME SYMBOLS IN MALAY TRADITIONAL BOAT IN THE EAST COAST, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

The study on decorative arts in Malay culture has been widely discussed by domestic and foreign researchers. However, dedicated discussions on decorative arts on traditional Malay boats are still lacking. This article will discuss the discovery of ancient symbols, which was once used in Malay traditional boat arts, especially in the East Coast, Peninsular Malaysia. The objective of this study is to draw a similarity in the understanding of maritime society around the world about the use of ancient symbols on their boats. This study used a visual analysis approach based on the findings of images resembling ancient symbols that were found in boat decorations around the world. These symbols will be described by their meaning and relevance through the use of the iconographic method. The results of this study reveal the understanding and beliefs of maritime communities around the world that are almost identical in terms of their ancient symbols. One of the artistic uniqueness produced by the Malay community is the creation of ancient symbol in a distinctive way and it is also an iconic feature that is connected to the Malay sailor community in the East Coast.

A comparison of the structural strength between fiberglass and jute fiber in the Acehnese Traditional Boat Jalo Kayoh using finite element method

The Acehnese traditional boat, known as Jalo Kayoh, is a mean of transportation used by Acehnese fishermen. The main constituent of the boat is wood. However, due to the decline of high-quality wood supply and as a preventative measure of illegal logging, fiberglass and jute fiber are used instead of wood. This study compares the strength of the two materials using finite element method. The Jalo Kayoh model plan stands at 4m in length, 0.6 m in width, and 0.4 m in height. A 2500 N static load is applied to the surface, using a C3D10 quadratic tetrahedron 0.02 mesh. The result of the simulation to the fiberglass is a maximum displacement of 7.123 x 10-5m, while the jute fiber has a maximum displacement of 2.255 x 10-4 m. The maximum stress stands at 1.612 x 106 Pa for the fiberglass and 1.523 x 106 Pa for the jute fiber. The maximum strain occurs at 1.654 x 10-5 for the fiberglass and 4.581 x 10-5 for the jute fiber. To conclude, fiber glass has more stress 1.05 % and less strain 2.76 % than jute fiber and both the materials can sustain the load given.